EP1736838A1 - Escapement and oscillator for timepiece - Google Patents

Escapement and oscillator for timepiece Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1736838A1
EP1736838A1 EP05105626A EP05105626A EP1736838A1 EP 1736838 A1 EP1736838 A1 EP 1736838A1 EP 05105626 A EP05105626 A EP 05105626A EP 05105626 A EP05105626 A EP 05105626A EP 1736838 A1 EP1736838 A1 EP 1736838A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wheel
resonator
balance
pallets
escapement
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Granted
Application number
EP05105626A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1736838B1 (en
Inventor
Pierre-Marcel Genequand
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Centre Suisse dElectronique et Microtechnique SA CSEM
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Centre Suisse dElectronique et Microtechnique SA CSEM
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Application filed by Centre Suisse dElectronique et Microtechnique SA CSEM filed Critical Centre Suisse dElectronique et Microtechnique SA CSEM
Priority to AT05105626T priority Critical patent/ATE389902T1/en
Priority to DE602005005465T priority patent/DE602005005465T2/en
Priority to EP05105626A priority patent/EP1736838B1/en
Publication of EP1736838A1 publication Critical patent/EP1736838A1/en
Priority to HK07103235A priority patent/HK1096164A1/en
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Publication of EP1736838B1 publication Critical patent/EP1736838B1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/12—Adjusting; Restricting the amplitude of the lever or the like

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of watchmaking and more particularly to escapements, which are mechanisms transforming a rotational movement into a reciprocating movement.
  • the rotational movement is generated by a power source, usually a weight or a spring, driving a gear train.
  • a power source usually a weight or a spring
  • This energy is transmitted, in pulses, to a resonator, which can be a balance spring or a pendulum.
  • the Swiss lever escapement is the most frequently used. It includes an escape wheel and an anchor, and maintains a balance wheel.
  • the anchor cooperates with the latter and provides it with energy at each alternation, during each passage through its dead point. Outside the impulse phases, the pendulum oscillates freely. In this way, its sinusoidal motion is only slightly affected by friction.
  • This type of exhaust equips the vast majority of mechanical watches currently manufactured.
  • a first object of the present invention is to significantly reduce these energy losses by eliminating the drop angle of the exhausts free or sliding friction rubbing rest exhausts. This object is achieved thanks to the fact that the escapement according to the invention does not generate sliding friction under load outside the pulse periods, although it is permanently connected to the balance.
  • the escapement according to the invention is intended to equip a timepiece comprising a frame, a rocker, an elastic member cooperating with the balance to form a resonator, a source of mechanical energy and a gear driven by the energy source.
  • the transmission member comprises a body and two resilient blades, which are secured to it by one of their ends and which are each provided with a pallet at the other end, and in that that the toothing of the wheel forms a succession of support points arranged to cooperate successively with the pallets to transmit the energy of the gear to the resonator.
  • a second object of the present invention is to avoid sliding friction also during the driving pulse, and thus allow operation without lubrication.
  • the bearing points and the pallets are arranged to cooperate with each other in a rolling frictional movement.
  • the pallets form a knife in their portion intended to cooperate with the toothing at the points of support.
  • the end of the knife thus pivots in the bottom of the fulcrum with which it cooperates, almost without sliding.
  • the transmission member is in constant contact with the balance, but the pallets do not rub on the teeth of the wheel. This result is obtained thanks to the fact that the elastic blades deform while their end provided with a pallet pivots while rolling on the point of support.
  • the escapement according to the invention may further comprise abutments, integral with the frame, which limit the amplitude of these blades when the pallets are no longer in position. contact with the teeth.
  • the present invention also relates to a mechanical oscillator comprising an escapement as defined above.
  • the pendulum oscillates at a frequency of the order of a few Hertz, generally at 2.5 Hz, 3 Hz or 4 Hz, for a typical amplitude of 220 ° in vertical position.
  • the amplitude is chosen so as to ensure an isochronism defect as low as possible.
  • the ratio between the oscillation angle and the pulse angle decreases substantially, which causes a loss in the accuracy of the watch.
  • a gain due to the frequency increase is therefore illusory because of other parameters that affect the accuracy of the movement.
  • the escapements with rubbing rest are generally found in the clocks equipped with a pendulum.
  • the amplitude of the latter is a few degrees, so that the angle traveled after the pulse is relatively small.
  • the friction can be considered as generally low.
  • the frequency of the pendulum inversely proportional to the square root of its length, can not be increased beyond a few Hertz.
  • a third object of the present invention is therefore to provide an oscillator in the balance of which the power dissipated is reduced by a decrease in its amplitude, the accuracy is improved by an increase in its frequency, and the efficiency of the exhaust is increased.
  • the amplitude of the balance should be higher, typically from 5 to 50 degrees, or if it was desired to maintain a certain elasticity between the body and the balance, it would be advantageous to fix the body on the elastic member in one point between its point of attachment to the pendulum and its anchorage point to the frame.
  • the increase in the frequency corresponds to an increase in the rigidity of the elastic return member of the balance, which is proportional to the square of the frequency.
  • Such an increase in rigidity combined with the reduction of the amplitude, makes it possible to suspend the balance directly by the elastic member, thus eliminating the friction of the pivots.
  • the balance thus suspended elastically is able to maintain an excellent amplitude decrement value per cycle and up to a very low level of amplitude.
  • the oscillator may be provided with a regulator member movably mounted on the frame and whose position is a function of the engine torque of the energy source. It is arranged to cooperate with the spring of the elastic member to vary its active length.
  • the correction of the isochronism can be ensured by a second spring that comprises the elastic member, fixed to the balance by one of its ends, its median part cooperating with said regulating member.
  • the timepiece movement shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1 comprises a barrel 10, a finishing wheel 12 comprising an hour wheel 14, an average wheel 16, and a seconds wheel 18, an escapement 20 and a resonator 22 These different constituents are arranged on a frame that has not been shown.
  • the resilient blades 26a and 26b are fixed at one of their ends on the body 26c, which is rigidly mounted on the arm 28b. They behave like articulated arms with elastic return. Alternatively, the body 26c can be made in one piece with the arm 28b.
  • the blades 26a and 26b are each provided, at their end opposite the body 26c, a pallet 32 (see Figure 2b), intended to cooperate with the wheel 24b, formed by the blade itself or by an insert, preferably hard material such as ruby.
  • the wheel 24b comprises a board bearing teeth respectively referenced 24c and 24d, interconnected by a serge 24e.
  • the teeth extend radially from the serge, one 24c inwardly, the other 24d outwardly. More precisely, the toothing 24d is in the thickness of the board, while the toothing 24c is in excess thickness.
  • Such a wheel may, for example, be made of silicon, by etching or nickel alloy and phosphor by electrolytic growth.
  • the teeth are of triangular shape, with a small side 24f with a substantially radial orientation, defining the height of the tooth. Two successive teeth of the same toothing are separated by a space approximately equal to the width of a tooth.
  • the pitch is of the order of the oscillation amplitude of the pallets in the absence of interaction with the toothing.
  • the small side 24f is about 20% of the pace.
  • the intersecting lines of the serge 24e and the short sides 24f of the teeth constitute support points 24g against which the pallets 32 are leant.
  • the pallets 32 have an apex angle smaller than the angle made by the seam 24e and the side 24f. In this way, these pallets can rotate by rolling in the support points 24g, thus working as knives, in the sense that it is heard in the pendulums pendulums.
  • the teeth of the teeth 24c and 24d are offset by a half-step, while the pallets 32 are aligned radially. In this way, the two vanes cooperate by alternating identical sequences of half a cycle with the wheel 24b.
  • the barrel induces a maintenance torque tending to turn the escapement wheel 24 clockwise.
  • the teeth 24d and applies a force on the pallet 32b tending to amplify the movement of the balance. In other words, the applied torque provides energy to the pendulum.
  • the wheel 24 rotates and drives the rocker 28 and the blades 26a and 26b to occupy the position of Figure 3a.
  • the pallet 32a has come into contact with the serge 24e, it slips there, with an extremely low friction, the pressure being very light, until it leans against a fulcrum 24g of the toothing 24c.
  • the rocker 28 has reached its maximum amplitude and comes back, pushed by the pallet 32a.
  • the pallet 32b then passes the tooth against which it was resting (FIG. 3c) and comes into contact with the serge 24e, as represented in FIG. 3d.
  • the pendulum continues its oscillation until the pallet 32b comes back against the fulcrum 24g of the next tooth and pushes the wheel 24 as had the pallet 32a during the previous alternation.
  • the exhaust shown in Figure 4 also comprises a wheel 24b and a transmission member 26, provided with two flexible blades 26a and 26b and a body 26c.
  • the latter comprises two arms arranged on either side of a pivot point 26d located at the intersection of the tangents to the wheel, each arm carrying one of the blades.
  • the blades are in contact with the wheel at points distant, for example, of about 90 ° and both make an angle of about 45 ° with a tangent to the wheel 24b, which has only external toothing.
  • the blades 26a and 26b are arranged in such a way that the torque generated by the wheel on the member 26 is substantially the same, for the two blades 26a and 26b.
  • the rocker 28 is of conventional type, that is to say pivotally mounted on the frame, by means of a shaft engaged in bearings. Since such an escapement makes it possible to work at relatively high frequencies, and also at relatively low amplitudes, it is advantageous to also remove the friction of the balance on its pivots, by the amount disposed on an elastic structure such as that illustrated in FIGS. , 6a and 6b.
  • a frame 50 carries a rocker 52 by means of four U-shaped springs 54.
  • the rocker 52 comprises a central body 52a, two arms 52b and two masses of inertia 52c.
  • the body 52a extends axially on both sides of the arms 52b. It is in the shape of a truncated cylinder, the cylindrical parts being at the right of the arms, the flat parts in their extension.
  • the four springs 54 are fixed to the body 52a, arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis of the body 52a and with respect to a plane passing through the middle of the arms 52b.
  • the arms 52b carry, in the vicinity of their ends, on opposite faces and at different levels, resilient blades 56 cooperating with an escape wheel 58.
  • the arms 52b therefore perform the same function as the body 26c in the embodiment of Figures 1 and 2.
  • the blades 56 and the wheel 58 may be in all respects similar to the blades 26 and the wheel 24b described with reference to Figures 2 and 3. They will therefore not be described in more detail.
  • the balance freely oscillates, suspended by the springs 54 which, by their shape, provide the rigidity of the assembly for degrees of freedom other than the nominal pivoting. It can however be It is conceivable to provide (see Fig. 6b) shock-absorbing plugs 60, fixed in axially-oriented cylindrical holes 52d, which comprise the ends of the body 52a, and engaged with a certain play in abutments 61 integral with the frame 50.
  • each of the two levels of springs 54 would be advantageous, both in terms of the reduction of friction of the structure in terms of simplification of assembly.
  • a single level of springs is also possible.
  • This level can also be monolithic and be designed so that its transverse rigidity is sufficient to prevent any movement other than the desired rotation of the balance.
  • the shape of these springs should be such that the sources of friction at their attachment points, on the balance or on the frame, are minimized.
  • the resilient blades may have a sectional variation or be perpendicular to the parts used to fix them.
  • FIG. 7 represents a device making it possible to adjust the frequency as well as the isochronism of the oscillator.
  • This device takes into account the variation of the torque applied by the barrel on the gear train and that applied by the latter on the escapement and the balance. It comprises, mounted rigidly on the rocker arm 52, a radially extending elastic arm 62 whose torque generated for a given armoring angle is two to four orders of magnitude less than the torque generated by the springs 54.
  • this device comprises a spring 64 rigidly mounted on the frame 50 and carrying at its free end a pawl 65 engaged in a ratchet wheel 66 which provides the winding of the mainspring. Under the effect of the mainspring, and via the pawl 65, the spring 64 bends, so that its position is a function of the degree of arming.
  • a carriage 68 is slidably mounted on the frame 50, in a direction parallel to the orientation of the arm 62. It carries two elastic blades 69 each comprising a finger 70 intended to cooperate with the elastic arm 62.
  • a pantograph 72 pivotally mounted on the frame 50 by a vertex of its parallelogram, is connected to the spring 64 by the opposite vertex.
  • the arms 72a of the pantograph 72 which intersect at their pivot point, extend towards the carriage 68. Their ends bear pins 72b adjacent to the blades 69.
  • the carriage 68 To adjust the frequency of the oscillator, simply move the carriage 68 in the direction of the double arrow shown in the drawing, which has the effect of varying the active length of the elastic arm 62.
  • the carriage is advantageously moved by means of a worm screw, not shown in the drawing.
  • This arm 62 is active only when it bears against one of the fingers 70. Also, by more or less spacing the fingers 70, it is possible to vary the elastic moment of the resonator as a function of the amplitude the balance, which is a function of the engine torque.
  • FIG. 8 The embodiment shown in FIG. 8 is similar to that of FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • the transmission member 26 is not fixed on the balance 28. It is pivotally mounted on the balance by means of FIG. a ball bearing 73, coaxially with the balance 28.
  • a hairspring 30a fixed at one end to a ferrule not visible in the drawing and mounted on the balance shaft, and at the other end to a peg 74 integral with the body 26c, elastically connects the latter to the balance 28.
  • a leaf spring 30b rigidly fixed to the pin 74 is limited in its movement by two pins 75 fixed to the frame.
  • This last figure clearly shows the division of the elastic member into two parts connected in series; one, the spiral spring 30a connects the transmission body 26c to the balance, and the other, the blade 30b, connects the body 26c to the frame by the pins 75.
  • the leaf spring 30b could also provide the function of the arm 62, described with reference to FIG.
  • the transmission member cooperate with the elastic member, either by fixing the blades directly on the elastic member or by cooperating with a pivoting transmission member. on the frame and driven by one of the blades of the elastic member, in its middle part.
  • the pallets have a concave portion performing the function of rolling friction in cooperation with the bearing points of the toothing constituted by the outgoing edges of the teeth, which thus act as knives pivoting in the hollow of the pallets.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)
  • Electric Clocks (AREA)
  • Gears, Cams (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The escapement has a mobile escapement part including a pinion in gear with a seconds wheel and a wheel (24b), and a unit for transmitting an energy from the wheel (24b) to a resonator. The transmission unit includes a body (26c) and spring plates (26a, 26b) that are integrated to the body through one of their ends and equipped with pallets at their ends. Teeth of the wheel (24b) form a succession of support points arranged for cooperating successively with pallets (32) for transmitting gear-train energy to the resonator. An independent claim is also included for a mechanical oscillator including a resonator and an escapement.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte au domaine de l'horlogerie et plus particulièrement aux échappements, qui sont des mécanismes transformant un mouvement de rotation en un mouvement alternatif. Le mouvement de rotation est engendré par une source d'énergie, en général un poids ou un ressort, entraînant un rouage. Cette énergie est transmise, par impulsions, à un résonateur, qui peut être un balancier-spiral ou un pendule.The present invention relates to the field of watchmaking and more particularly to escapements, which are mechanisms transforming a rotational movement into a reciprocating movement. The rotational movement is generated by a power source, usually a weight or a spring, driving a gear train. This energy is transmitted, in pulses, to a resonator, which can be a balance spring or a pendulum.

Il existe plusieurs centaines de types d'échappements, généralement classés en deux groupes principaux distincts, soit les échappements libres et les échappements à repos frottant.There are several hundred types of exhausts, usually classified into two distinct main groups, free exhausts and rub-off exhausts.

Parmi les échappements libres, l'échappement à ancre suisse est le plus fréquemment utilisé. Il comporte une roue d'échappement et une ancre, et assure l'entretien d'un balancier. L'ancre coopère avec ce dernier et lui fournit de l'énergie à chaque alternance, lors de chaque passage par son point mort. En dehors des phases d'impulsion, le balancier oscille librement. De la sorte, son mouvement sinusoïdal n'est que peu affecté par des frottements. Ce type d'échappement équipe la très large majorité des montres mécaniques actuellement fabriquées.Among the free exhausts, the Swiss lever escapement is the most frequently used. It includes an escape wheel and an anchor, and maintains a balance wheel. The anchor cooperates with the latter and provides it with energy at each alternation, during each passage through its dead point. Outside the impulse phases, the pendulum oscillates freely. In this way, its sinusoidal motion is only slightly affected by friction. This type of exhaust equips the vast majority of mechanical watches currently manufactured.

Pour que le balancier puisse osciller librement, il est nécessaire que les pièces actives de l'échappement se dégagent les unes des autres lorsqu'elles ont terminé leur fonction. Cela signifie que la roue parcourt, à chaque impulsion, un angle dit de chute, impliquant obligatoirement une perte d'énergie.In order for the rocker to oscillate freely, it is necessary for the active parts of the escapement to emerge from each other when they have completed their function. This means that the wheel travels, at each pulse, a so-called drop angle, necessarily involving a loss of energy.

Dans les échappements à repos frottant, le balancier et l'organe de liaison restent en contact l'un avec l'autre, avec un mouvement relatif engendrant un frottement de glissement qui implique aussi une importante perte d'énergie.In the rubbing rest exhausts, the balance and the connecting member remain in contact with each other, with a relative movement generating a sliding friction which also implies a significant loss of energy.

Un premier but de la présente invention est de réduire de manière sensible ces pertes d'énergie en supprimant l'angle de chute des échappements libres ou les frottements de glissement des échappements à repos frottant. Ce but est atteint grâce au fait que l'échappement selon l'invention n'engendre pas de frottement de glissement sous charge en dehors des périodes d'impulsion, bien qu'il soit en permanence en liaison avec le balancier.A first object of the present invention is to significantly reduce these energy losses by eliminating the drop angle of the exhausts free or sliding friction rubbing rest exhausts. This object is achieved thanks to the fact that the escapement according to the invention does not generate sliding friction under load outside the pulse periods, although it is permanently connected to the balance.

Plus précisément, l'échappement selon l'invention est destiné à équiper une pièce d'horlogerie comportant un bâti, un balancier, un organe élastique coopérant avec le balancier pour former un résonateur, une source d'énergie mécanique et un rouage entraîné par la source d'énergie.More specifically, the escapement according to the invention is intended to equip a timepiece comprising a frame, a rocker, an elastic member cooperating with the balance to form a resonator, a source of mechanical energy and a gear driven by the energy source.

Cet échappement comprend :

  • un mobile d'échappement muni d'un pignon, en prise avec un mobile du rouage, et d'une roue comportant au moins une denture, et
  • un organe de transmission pour transmettre l'énergie provenant de la roue d'échappement au résonateur.
This exhaust includes:
  • an escapement wheel with a pinion, meshing with a wheel of the wheel, and a wheel comprising at least one toothing, and
  • a transmission member for transmitting energy from the escape wheel to the resonator.

Il est caractérisé en ce que l'organe de transmission comporte un corps et deux lames élastiques, qui lui sont solidaires par l'une de leurs extrémités et qui sont munies, chacune, d'une palette à l'autre extrémité, et en ce que la denture de la roue forme une succession de points d'appui agencés de manière à coopérer successivement avec les palettes pour transmettre l'énergie du rouage au résonateur.It is characterized in that the transmission member comprises a body and two resilient blades, which are secured to it by one of their ends and which are each provided with a pallet at the other end, and in that that the toothing of the wheel forms a succession of support points arranged to cooperate successively with the pallets to transmit the energy of the gear to the resonator.

Par ailleurs, dans la plupart des échappements connus, les dents de la roue coopèrent, durant l'impulsion motrice, avec l'une ou l'autre des palettes de l'organe de transmission dans un mouvement relatif engendrant un frottement de glissement, source d'une forte perte d'énergie et d'un risque d'usure en l'absence de lubrifiant. Un deuxième but de la présente invention est d'éviter les frottements de glissement aussi durant l'impulsion motrice, et ainsi permettre un fonctionnement sans lubrification.Furthermore, in most known exhausts, the teeth of the wheel cooperate, during the driving pulse, with one or other of the vanes of the transmission member in a relative movement generating sliding friction, source a high energy loss and a risk of wear in the absence of lubricant. A second object of the present invention is to avoid sliding friction also during the driving pulse, and thus allow operation without lubrication.

A cet effet, les points d'appui et les palettes sont agencés de manière à coopérer l'un avec l'autre dans un mouvement de frottement de roulement.For this purpose, the bearing points and the pallets are arranged to cooperate with each other in a rolling frictional movement.

Dans une première variante, les palettes forment un couteau dans leur portion destinée à coopérer avec la denture aux points d'appui. L'extrémité du couteau pivote ainsi dans le fond du point d'appui avec lequel il coopère, quasiment sans glissement.In a first variant, the pallets form a knife in their portion intended to cooperate with the toothing at the points of support. The end of the knife thus pivots in the bottom of the fulcrum with which it cooperates, almost without sliding.

Dans une deuxième variante, ce sont les points d'appui de la denture qui forment un couteau dans leur portion destinée à coopérer avec une partie en creux des palettes.In a second variant, it is the bearing points of the toothing which form a knife in their portion intended to cooperate with a hollow part of the pallets.

Avec un tel échappement, l'organe de transmission est en contact permanent avec le balancier, mais les palettes ne frottent pas pour autant sur la denture de la roue. Ce résultat est obtenu grâce au fait que les lames élastiques se déforment alors que leur extrémité munie d'une palette pivote en roulant sur le point d'appui.With such an exhaust, the transmission member is in constant contact with the balance, but the pallets do not rub on the teeth of the wheel. This result is obtained thanks to the fact that the elastic blades deform while their end provided with a pallet pivots while rolling on the point of support.

Afin d'éviter que les lames élastiques ne vibrent lorsque les palettes quittent la denture, l'échappement selon l'invention peut en outre comporter des butées, solidaires du bâti, qui limitent l'amplitude de ces lames lorsque les palettes ne sont plus en contact avec la denture.In order to prevent the elastic blades from vibrating when the pallets leave the toothing, the escapement according to the invention may further comprise abutments, integral with the frame, which limit the amplitude of these blades when the pallets are no longer in position. contact with the teeth.

La présente invention concerne également un oscillateur mécanique comportant un échappement tel que défini ci-dessus.The present invention also relates to a mechanical oscillator comprising an escapement as defined above.

Dans les montres munies d'un échappement à ancre suisse, le balancier oscille à une fréquence de l'ordre de quelques Hertz, généralement à 2,5 Hz, 3 Hz ou 4 Hz, pour une amplitude typique de 220° en position verticale. L'amplitude est choisie de manière à assurer un défaut d'isochronisme aussi faible que possible.In watches equipped with a Swiss lever escapement, the pendulum oscillates at a frequency of the order of a few Hertz, generally at 2.5 Hz, 3 Hz or 4 Hz, for a typical amplitude of 220 ° in vertical position. The amplitude is chosen so as to ensure an isochronism defect as low as possible.

On sait par ailleurs qu'un oscillateur travaillant à une fréquence plus élevée devrait permettre une amélioration de la précision de la montre, même si l'amplitude du balancier est fortement réduite. Cela est vrai dans la mesure où l'échappement travaille dans de bonnes conditions. Or, ce n'est malheureusement pas le cas avec un échappement à ancre suisse, les conditions de travail se détériorant avec une augmentation de la fréquence et une diminution de l'amplitude.It is also known that an oscillator working at a higher frequency should allow an improvement in the accuracy of the watch, even if the amplitude of the pendulum is greatly reduced. This is true to the extent that the exhaust works in good conditions. However, this is unfortunately not the case with a Swiss lever escapement, working conditions deteriorating with an increase in frequency and a decrease in amplitude.

En effet, le rapport entre l'angle d'oscillation et l'angle d'impulsion diminue sensiblement, ce qui engendre une perte dans la précision de la montre.Indeed, the ratio between the oscillation angle and the pulse angle decreases substantially, which causes a loss in the accuracy of the watch.

Un gain dû à l'augmentation de fréquence est donc illusoire à cause des autres paramètres qui viennent affecter la précision du mouvement.A gain due to the frequency increase is therefore illusory because of other parameters that affect the accuracy of the movement.

Une augmentation sensible de la fréquence est donc difficilement envisageable avec des échappements de type à ancre suisse.A significant increase in frequency is therefore difficult to envisage with escapements of the Swiss anchor type.

Les échappements à repos frottant se trouvent en général dans les horloges munies d'un pendule. L'amplitude de ce dernier est de quelques degrés, de telle sorte que l'angle parcouru après l'impulsion est relativement faible. En conséquence, le frottement peut être considéré comme globalement faible. Toutefois, la fréquence du pendule, inversement proportionnelle à la racine carrée de sa longueur, ne peut être augmentée au-delà de quelques Hertz.The escapements with rubbing rest are generally found in the clocks equipped with a pendulum. The amplitude of the latter is a few degrees, so that the angle traveled after the pulse is relatively small. As a result, the friction can be considered as generally low. However, the frequency of the pendulum, inversely proportional to the square root of its length, can not be increased beyond a few Hertz.

En résumé, ni l'un ni l'autre des types d'échappements, mentionnés plus haut et intégrés dans un oscillateur connu, ne permettent de travailler dans de bonnes conditions à des amplitudes intermédiaires, et à plus haute fréquence. Or, il pourrait être intéressant de réduire l'amplitude à quelques dizaines de degrés, voire quelques degrés, tout en augmentant la fréquence. On pourrait ainsi sensiblement améliorer la précision de la pièce d'horlogerie tout en réduisant sa consommation.In summary, neither of the types of exhausts, mentioned above and integrated in a known oscillator, make it possible to work in good conditions at intermediate amplitudes, and at higher frequencies. However, it could be interesting to reduce the amplitude to a few tens of degrees, even a few degrees, while increasing the frequency. It could thus significantly improve the accuracy of the timepiece while reducing its consumption.

Un troisième but de la présente invention est donc de proposer un oscillateur dans le balancier duquel la puissance dissipée est réduite par une diminution de son amplitude, la précision est améliorée par une augmentation de sa fréquence, et le rendement de l'échappement est augmenté.A third object of the present invention is therefore to provide an oscillator in the balance of which the power dissipated is reduced by a decrease in its amplitude, the accuracy is improved by an increase in its frequency, and the efficiency of the exhaust is increased.

Ce but est atteint si l'amplitude du balancier est plus petite ou égale à 5°. Le corps de l'échappement peut alors être fixé rigidement au balancier, ce qui constitue une simplification bienvenue de la structure.This goal is reached if the amplitude of the balance is smaller or equal to 5 °. The body of the exhaust can then be rigidly attached to the balance, which is a welcome simplification of the structure.

Si l'amplitude du balancier devait être plus élevée, typiquement de 5 à 50 degrés, ou si l'on désirait maintenir une certaine élasticité entre le corps et le balancier, il serait alors avantageux de fixer le corps sur l'organe élastique en un point situé entre son point de fixation au balancier et son point d'ancrage au bâti.If the amplitude of the balance should be higher, typically from 5 to 50 degrees, or if it was desired to maintain a certain elasticity between the body and the balance, it would be advantageous to fix the body on the elastic member in one point between its point of attachment to the pendulum and its anchorage point to the frame.

Par ailleurs, l'augmentation de la fréquence correspond à une augmentation de la rigidité de l'organe élastique de rappel du balancier, laquelle est proportionnelle au carré de la fréquence. Une telle augmentation de rigidité, combinée à la réduction de l'amplitude, permet de suspendre le balancier directement par l'organe élastique, en supprimant ainsi les frottements des pivots. Le balancier ainsi suspendu élastiquement est capable de maintenir une excellente valeur du décrément d'amplitude par cycle et ce, jusqu'à un très bas niveau d'amplitude.Furthermore, the increase in the frequency corresponds to an increase in the rigidity of the elastic return member of the balance, which is proportional to the square of the frequency. Such an increase in rigidity, combined with the reduction of the amplitude, makes it possible to suspend the balance directly by the elastic member, thus eliminating the friction of the pivots. The balance thus suspended elastically is able to maintain an excellent amplitude decrement value per cycle and up to a very low level of amplitude.

Afin de compenser le défaut d'isochronisme, l'oscillateur peut être muni d'un organe régulateur monté mobile sur le bâti et dont la position est fonction du couple moteur de la source d'énergie. Il est agencé pour coopérer avec le ressort de l'organe élastique pour en faire varier sa longueur active.In order to compensate for the lack of isochronism, the oscillator may be provided with a regulator member movably mounted on the frame and whose position is a function of the engine torque of the energy source. It is arranged to cooperate with the spring of the elastic member to vary its active length.

A titre d'exemple, la correction de l'isochronisme peut être assurée par un deuxième ressort que comporte l'organe élastique, fixé au balancier par l'une de ses extrémités, sa partie médiane coopérant avec ledit organe régulateur.By way of example, the correction of the isochronism can be ensured by a second spring that comprises the elastic member, fixed to the balance by one of its ends, its median part cooperating with said regulating member.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée à titre d'exemple et faite en référence au dessin dans lequel:

  • la figure 1 représente, de manière schématique, un mouvement de montre muni d'un échappement selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 2a permet de voir, de manière plus détaillée, les pièces constitutives de l'échappement et leurs positions relatives, la roue et les palettes étant vues agrandies en 2b ;
  • les figures 3a à 3d montrent les positions successives de ces pièces constitutives, au cours d'une alternance correspondant à un demi cycle d'oscillation du balancier ;
  • la figure 4 est une variante de l'échappement illustré aux figures 2 et 3,
  • la figure 5 et les figures en coupe 6a et 6b illustrent un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 7 montre un dispositif permettant d'ajuster la fréquence et de corriger un éventuel défaut d'isochronisme ; et
  • la figure 8 représente un autre mode de réalisation d'un échappement selon l'invention.
The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given by way of example and with reference to the drawing in which:
  • Figure 1 shows, schematically, a watch movement provided with an exhaust according to the invention;
  • FIG. 2a makes it possible to see, in more detail, the constituent parts of the escapement and their relative positions, the wheel and the vanes being enlarged at 2b;
  • FIGS. 3a to 3d show the successive positions of these component parts, during an alternation corresponding to a half cycle of oscillation of the balance;
  • FIG. 4 is a variant of the escapement illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3,
  • Figure 5 and sectional figures 6a and 6b illustrate another embodiment of the invention;
  • FIG. 7 shows a device making it possible to adjust the frequency and to correct a possible isochronism defect; and
  • FIG. 8 represents another embodiment of an escapement according to the invention.

Le mouvement de pièce d'horlogerie représenté schématiquement sur la figure 1 comporte un barillet 10, un rouage de finissage 12 comprenant une roue des heures 14, une roue de moyenne 16, et une roue de secondes 18, un échappement 20 et un résonateur 22. Ces différents constituants sont disposés sur un bâti qui n'a pas été représenté.The timepiece movement shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1 comprises a barrel 10, a finishing wheel 12 comprising an hour wheel 14, an average wheel 16, and a seconds wheel 18, an escapement 20 and a resonator 22 These different constituents are arranged on a frame that has not been shown.

L'échappement 20 comprend :

  • un mobile d'échappement 24 comportant un pignon 24a en prise avec la roue de secondes 18 et une roue 24b, et
  • un organe de transmission 26 comprenant deux lames flexibles, 26a et 26b, et un corps 26c sur lequel les lames 26a et 26b sont fixées par l'une de leurs extrémités, leurs autres extrémités coopérant avec la roue 24b.
The exhaust 20 comprises:
  • an escape wheel 24 comprising a pinion 24a engaged with the seconds wheel 18 and a wheel 24b, and
  • a transmission member 26 comprising two flexible blades, 26a and 26b, and a body 26c on which the blades 26a and 26b are fixed by one of their ends, their other ends cooperating with the wheel 24b.

Le résonateur 22 comprend :

  • un balancier 28, comportant une serge 28a et un bras 28b, qui définit une masse d'inertie, le corps 26c étant solidaire du bras 28b, et
  • un organe élastique schématiquement représenté par un ressort-spiral 30 visible seulement sur la figure 1.
The resonator 22 comprises:
  • a rocker 28 comprising a serge 28a and an arm 28b, which defines a mass of inertia, the body 26c being integral with the arm 28b, and
  • an elastic member schematically represented by a spiral spring 30 visible only in FIG.

Comme on peut le voir plus particulièrement sur la figure 2a, les lames élastiques 26a et 26b sont fixées, par l'une de leurs extrémités, sur le corps 26c, lequel est monté rigidement sur le bras 28b. Elles se comportent ainsi comme des bras articulés à rappel élastique. En variante, le corps 26c peut être réalisé en une seule pièce avec le bras 28b.As can be seen more particularly in Figure 2a, the resilient blades 26a and 26b are fixed at one of their ends on the body 26c, which is rigidly mounted on the arm 28b. They behave like articulated arms with elastic return. Alternatively, the body 26c can be made in one piece with the arm 28b.

Les lames 26a et 26b sont munies chacune, à leur extrémité opposée au corps 26c, d'une palette 32 (voir figure 2b), destinée à coopérer avec la roue 24b, formée par la lame elle-même ou par une pièce rapportée, avantageusement en matériau dur tel que du rubis.The blades 26a and 26b are each provided, at their end opposite the body 26c, a pallet 32 (see Figure 2b), intended to cooperate with the wheel 24b, formed by the blade itself or by an insert, preferably hard material such as ruby.

La roue 24b comprend une planche portant des dentures respectivement référencées 24c et 24d, reliées entre elles par une serge 24e. Les dentures s'étendent radialement depuis la serge, l'une 24c vers l'intérieur, l'autre 24d vers l'extérieur. Plus précisément, la denture 24d se trouve dans l'épaisseur de la planche, alors que la denture 24c est en surépaisseur. Une telle roue peut, par exemple, être faite en silicium, par attaque chimique ou en alliage de nickel et de phosphore par croissance électrolytique.The wheel 24b comprises a board bearing teeth respectively referenced 24c and 24d, interconnected by a serge 24e. The teeth extend radially from the serge, one 24c inwardly, the other 24d outwardly. More precisely, the toothing 24d is in the thickness of the board, while the toothing 24c is in excess thickness. Such a wheel may, for example, be made of silicon, by etching or nickel alloy and phosphor by electrolytic growth.

Les dents sont de forme triangulaire, avec un petit côté 24f à orientation sensiblement radiale, définissant la hauteur de la dent. Deux dents successives d'une même denture sont séparées par un espace environ égal à la largeur d'une dent. Le pas est de l'ordre de l'amplitude d'oscillation des palettes en l'absence d'interaction avec la denture. Le petit côté 24f vaut environ 20% du pas.The teeth are of triangular shape, with a small side 24f with a substantially radial orientation, defining the height of the tooth. Two successive teeth of the same toothing are separated by a space approximately equal to the width of a tooth. The pitch is of the order of the oscillation amplitude of the pallets in the absence of interaction with the toothing. The small side 24f is about 20% of the pace.

Les lignes d'intersection de la serge 24e et des petits côtés 24f des dents constituent des points d'appui 24g contre lesquels viennent s'adosser les palettes 32.The intersecting lines of the serge 24e and the short sides 24f of the teeth constitute support points 24g against which the pallets 32 are leant.

Afin d'assurer des conditions de travail optimales, les palettes 32 présentent un angle au sommet inférieur à l'angle que font la serge 24e et le côté 24f. De la sorte, ces palettes peuvent pivoter en roulant dans les points d'appui 24g, travaillant ainsi comme des couteaux, au sens où on l'entend dans les suspensions de pendules.In order to ensure optimum working conditions, the pallets 32 have an apex angle smaller than the angle made by the seam 24e and the side 24f. In this way, these pallets can rotate by rolling in the support points 24g, thus working as knives, in the sense that it is heard in the pendulums pendulums.

Comme on peut le voir sur la figure 2b, les dents des dentures 24c et 24d sont décalées d'un demi-pas, alors que les palettes 32 sont alignées radialement. De la sorte, les deux palettes coopèrent en alternant des séquences identiques d'un demi-cycle avec la roue 24b.As can be seen in Figure 2b, the teeth of the teeth 24c and 24d are offset by a half-step, while the pallets 32 are aligned radially. In this way, the two vanes cooperate by alternating identical sequences of half a cycle with the wheel 24b.

Dans la position représentée à la figure 2b, la palette 32a, associée à la lame 26a, est engagée dans la denture, en retrait de la serge 24e ou en léger appui contre elle, alors que la palette 32b, associée à la lame 26b, est adossée à l'un des points d'appui 24g de la denture 24d. Le balancier est au point mort, oscillant dans le sens horaire.In the position shown in Figure 2b, the pallet 32a, associated with the blade 26a, is engaged in the toothing, withdrawing from the serge 24e or lightly against it, while the pallet 32b, associated with the blade 26b, is leaned against one of the points of support 24g of the teeth 24d. The balance is in neutral, oscillating clockwise.

Le barillet induit un couple d'entretien tendant à faire tourner le mobile d'échappement 24 dans le sens horaire. La denture 24d applique ainsi une force sur la palette 32b tendant à amplifier le mouvement du balancier. En d'autres termes, le couple appliqué fournit de l'énergie au balancier.The barrel induces a maintenance torque tending to turn the escapement wheel 24 clockwise. The teeth 24d and applies a force on the pallet 32b tending to amplify the movement of the balance. In other words, the applied torque provides energy to the pendulum.

Sous l'effet du couple moteur, la roue 24 tourne et entraîne le balancier 28 et les lames 26a et 26b jusqu'à occuper la position de la figure 3a. Après que la palette 32a soit entrée en contact avec la serge 24e, elle y glisse, avec un frottement extrêmement faible, la pression étant très légère, jusqu'à s'adosser contre un point d'appui 24g de la denture 24c.Under the effect of the engine torque, the wheel 24 rotates and drives the rocker 28 and the blades 26a and 26b to occupy the position of Figure 3a. After the pallet 32a has come into contact with the serge 24e, it slips there, with an extremely low friction, the pressure being very light, until it leans against a fulcrum 24g of the toothing 24c.

Dans cette position, l'inertie du balancier 28 tend à repousser la roue 24b par l'intermédiaire de la palette 32a. Il en résulte un recul de la roue qui libère la palette 32b, comme le montre la figure 3b.In this position, the inertia of the balance 28 tends to push the wheel 24b through the pallet 32a. This results in a recoil of the wheel which releases the pallet 32b, as shown in Figure 3b.

Pendant cette libération, la position oblique de la lame 26b et la pression résiduelle d'appui de la palette 32b contre le côté 24f de la dent, due au rappel de la lame, font que cette palette s'échappe par un petit saut, en remontant dans le sens antihoraire. Le saut est accompagné d'une légère vibration de la lame qui diminue la marge de passage de la palette sur la dent, à la fin de l'alternance. Pour amortir cette vibration, des butées 34a et 34b, schématiquement représentées sur la figure 3b, sont disposées sur le bâti et coopèrent respectivement avec les lames 26a et 26bDuring this release, the oblique position of the blade 26b and the residual bearing pressure of the pallet 32b against the side 24f of the tooth, due to the return of the blade, cause this pallet to escape by a small jump, in going back counterclockwise. The jump is accompanied by a slight vibration of the blade which decreases the margin of passage of the pallet on the tooth, at the end of the alternation. To dampen this vibration, abutments 34a and 34b, schematically represented in FIG. 3b, are disposed on the frame and cooperate respectively with blades 26a and 26b.

Le balancier 28 a atteint son amplitude maximum et vient en retour, poussé par la palette 32a. La palette 32b passe alors la dent contre laquelle elle était en appui (figure 3c) et entre en contact avec la serge 24e, comme représenté sur la figure 3d. Le balancier poursuit son oscillation jusqu'à ce que la palette 32b vienne s'adosser contre le point d'appui 24g de la dent suivante et repousse la roue 24 comme l'avait fait la palette 32a lors de l'alternance précédente.The rocker 28 has reached its maximum amplitude and comes back, pushed by the pallet 32a. The pallet 32b then passes the tooth against which it was resting (FIG. 3c) and comes into contact with the serge 24e, as represented in FIG. 3d. The pendulum continues its oscillation until the pallet 32b comes back against the fulcrum 24g of the next tooth and pushes the wheel 24 as had the pallet 32a during the previous alternation.

L'échappement représenté sur la figure 4 comprend également une roue 24b et un organe de transmission 26, muni de deux lames flexibles 26a et 26b et un corps 26c. Ce dernier comprend deux bras disposés de part et d'autre d'un point de pivotement 26d situé au croisement des tangentes à la roue, chaque bras portant une des lames. Les lames sont au contact de la roue en des points distants, par exemple, d'environ 90° et font toutes les deux un angle d'environ 45° avec une tangente à la roue 24b, qui ne comporte qu'une denture extérieure. Les lames 26a et 26b sont disposées de manière à ce que le couple engendré par la roue sur l'organe 26 soit sensiblement le même, pour les deux lames 26a et 26b.The exhaust shown in Figure 4 also comprises a wheel 24b and a transmission member 26, provided with two flexible blades 26a and 26b and a body 26c. The latter comprises two arms arranged on either side of a pivot point 26d located at the intersection of the tangents to the wheel, each arm carrying one of the blades. The blades are in contact with the wheel at points distant, for example, of about 90 ° and both make an angle of about 45 ° with a tangent to the wheel 24b, which has only external toothing. The blades 26a and 26b are arranged in such a way that the torque generated by the wheel on the member 26 is substantially the same, for the two blades 26a and 26b.

Bien que la roue ne comporte qu'une denture, le fonctionnement de cette variante est identique à ce qui vient d'être décrit, quant à la manière de travailler avec les palettes.Although the wheel has only one toothing, the operation of this variant is identical to what has just been described, as to how to work with the pallets.

Dans le mode de réalisation décrit ci-dessus, le balancier 28 est de type classique, c'est à dire monté pivotant sur le bâti, au moyen d'un arbre engagé dans des paliers. Comme un tel échappement permet de travailler à des fréquences relativement élevées, et aussi à des amplitudes relativement basses, il est avantageux de supprimer aussi les frottements du balancier sur ses pivots, en le montant disposé sur une structure élastique telle que celle illustrée aux figures 5, 6a et 6b.In the embodiment described above, the rocker 28 is of conventional type, that is to say pivotally mounted on the frame, by means of a shaft engaged in bearings. Since such an escapement makes it possible to work at relatively high frequencies, and also at relatively low amplitudes, it is advantageous to also remove the friction of the balance on its pivots, by the amount disposed on an elastic structure such as that illustrated in FIGS. , 6a and 6b.

Dans ce mode de réalisation, un bâti 50 porte un balancier 52 par l'intermédiaire de quatre ressorts 54 en forme de U. Le balancier 52 comprend un corps central 52a, deux bras 52b et deux masses d'inertie 52c. Le corps 52a s'étend axialement de part et d'autre des bras 52b. Il est en forme de cylindre tronqué, les parties cylindriques étant au droit des bras, les parties planes dans leur prolongement. Les quatre ressorts 54 sont fixés au corps 52a, disposés symétriquement par rapport à l'axe du corps 52a et par rapport à un plan passant par le milieu des bras 52b.In this embodiment, a frame 50 carries a rocker 52 by means of four U-shaped springs 54. The rocker 52 comprises a central body 52a, two arms 52b and two masses of inertia 52c. The body 52a extends axially on both sides of the arms 52b. It is in the shape of a truncated cylinder, the cylindrical parts being at the right of the arms, the flat parts in their extension. The four springs 54 are fixed to the body 52a, arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis of the body 52a and with respect to a plane passing through the middle of the arms 52b.

Les bras 52b portent, au voisinage de leurs extrémités, sur des faces opposées et à des niveaux différents, des lames élastiques 56 coopérant avec une roue d'échappement 58. Les bras 52b assurent donc la même fonction que le corps 26c dans le mode de réalisation des figures 1 et 2.The arms 52b carry, in the vicinity of their ends, on opposite faces and at different levels, resilient blades 56 cooperating with an escape wheel 58. The arms 52b therefore perform the same function as the body 26c in the embodiment of Figures 1 and 2.

Les lames 56 et la roue 58 peuvent être en tous points semblables aux lames 26 et à la roue 24b décrites en référence aux figures 2 et 3. Elles ne seront donc pas décrites de manière plus détaillée.The blades 56 and the wheel 58 may be in all respects similar to the blades 26 and the wheel 24b described with reference to Figures 2 and 3. They will therefore not be described in more detail.

Dans ce mode de réalisation, le balancier oscille librement, suspendu par les ressorts 54 qui, par leur forme, assurent la rigidité de l'ensemble pour les degrés de liberté autres que le pivotement nominal. Il peut toutefois être envisageable de prévoir (voir fig. 6b) des chevilles antichoc 60, fixées dans des trous cylindriques 52d, à orientation axiale, que comportent les extrémités du corps 52a, et engagées avec un certain jeu dans des butées 61 solidaires du bâti 50.In this embodiment, the balance freely oscillates, suspended by the springs 54 which, by their shape, provide the rigidity of the assembly for degrees of freedom other than the nominal pivoting. It can however be It is conceivable to provide (see Fig. 6b) shock-absorbing plugs 60, fixed in axially-oriented cylindrical holes 52d, which comprise the ends of the body 52a, and engaged with a certain play in abutments 61 integral with the frame 50.

Remarquons qu'une réalisation monolithique de chacun des deux niveaux de ressorts 54 serait avantageuse, tant au plan de la diminution des frottements de la structure qu'au plan de la simplification du montage.Note that a monolithic embodiment of each of the two levels of springs 54 would be advantageous, both in terms of the reduction of friction of the structure in terms of simplification of assembly.

En variante, un seul niveau de ressorts est également possible. Ce niveau peut aussi être monolithique et être conçu de manière que sa rigidité transverse soit suffisante pour empêcher tout mouvement autre que la rotation désirée du balancier. En outre, la forme de ces ressorts devra être telle que les sources de frottement à leurs points de fixation, sur le balancier ou sur le bâti, soient minimisées. A titre d'exemple, les lames élastiques peuvent présenter une variation de section ou encore être perpendiculaire aux parties servant à les fixer.Alternatively, a single level of springs is also possible. This level can also be monolithic and be designed so that its transverse rigidity is sufficient to prevent any movement other than the desired rotation of the balance. In addition, the shape of these springs should be such that the sources of friction at their attachment points, on the balance or on the frame, are minimized. For example, the resilient blades may have a sectional variation or be perpendicular to the parts used to fix them.

La figure 7 représente un dispositif permettant d'ajuster la fréquence ainsi que l'isochronisme de l'oscillateur. Ce dispositif prend en compte la variation du couple appliqué par le barillet sur le rouage de finissage et de celui appliqué par ce dernier sur l'échappement et le balancier. II comprend, monté rigidement sur le balancier 52, un bras élastique 62 s'étendant radialement, dont le couple engendré pour un angle d'armage donné, est de deux à quatre ordres de grandeur inférieur au couple engendré par les ressorts 54.FIG. 7 represents a device making it possible to adjust the frequency as well as the isochronism of the oscillator. This device takes into account the variation of the torque applied by the barrel on the gear train and that applied by the latter on the escapement and the balance. It comprises, mounted rigidly on the rocker arm 52, a radially extending elastic arm 62 whose torque generated for a given armoring angle is two to four orders of magnitude less than the torque generated by the springs 54.

Pour prendre en compte les variations du couple moteur, ce dispositif comprend un ressort 64 monté rigidement sur le bâti 50 et portant à son extrémité libre un cliquet 65 engagé dans une roue à rochet 66 qui assure l'armage du ressort de barillet. Sous l'effet du ressort de barillet, et par l'intermédiaire du cliquet 65, le ressort 64 fléchit, de telle sorte que sa position est fonction du degré d'armage.To take into account the variations of the engine torque, this device comprises a spring 64 rigidly mounted on the frame 50 and carrying at its free end a pawl 65 engaged in a ratchet wheel 66 which provides the winding of the mainspring. Under the effect of the mainspring, and via the pawl 65, the spring 64 bends, so that its position is a function of the degree of arming.

Un chariot 68 est monté coulissant sur le bâti 50, selon une direction parallèle à l'orientation du bras 62. Il porte deux lames élastiques 69 comprenant, chacune, un doigt 70 destiné à coopérer avec le bras élastique 62.A carriage 68 is slidably mounted on the frame 50, in a direction parallel to the orientation of the arm 62. It carries two elastic blades 69 each comprising a finger 70 intended to cooperate with the elastic arm 62.

Un pantographe 72, monté pivotant sur le bâti 50 par un sommet de son parallélogramme, est relié au ressort 64 par le sommet opposé. Les bras 72a du pantographe 72, qui se coupent en leur point de pivotement, se prolongent en direction du chariot 68. Leurs extrémités portent des goupilles 72b attenantes aux lames 69.A pantograph 72, pivotally mounted on the frame 50 by a vertex of its parallelogram, is connected to the spring 64 by the opposite vertex. The arms 72a of the pantograph 72, which intersect at their pivot point, extend towards the carriage 68. Their ends bear pins 72b adjacent to the blades 69.

Pour régler la fréquence de l'oscillateur, il suffit de déplacer le chariot 68 dans le sens de la double flèche représentée au dessin, ce qui a pour effet de faire varier la longueur active du bras élastique 62. A cet effet, le chariot est avantageusement déplacé au moyen d'une vis sans fin, non représentée au dessin.To adjust the frequency of the oscillator, simply move the carriage 68 in the direction of the double arrow shown in the drawing, which has the effect of varying the active length of the elastic arm 62. For this purpose, the carriage is advantageously moved by means of a worm screw, not shown in the drawing.

Ce bras 62 n'est actif que lorsqu'il est en appui contre l'un des doigts 70. Aussi, en écartant plus ou moins les doigts 70, il est possible de faire varier le moment élastique du résonateur en fonction de l'amplitude du balancier, laquelle est fonction du couple moteur.This arm 62 is active only when it bears against one of the fingers 70. Also, by more or less spacing the fingers 70, it is possible to vary the elastic moment of the resonator as a function of the amplitude the balance, which is a function of the engine torque.

On peut aussi limiter les variations du couple moteur d'une autre manière, par exemple en intégrant dans le rouage un mécanisme délivrant un couple constant à l'échappement qui est bien connu de l'homme du métier. Dans la mesure où un système de remontage automatique permet de maintenir la valeur du couple moteur au voisinage d'une valeur maximale constante prédéterminée, on peut avantageusement prévoir d'en équiper une pièce d'horlogerie selon l'invention. La faible consommation d'énergie d'une telle pièce devrait permettre de réduire d'autant l'écart entre la valeur effective moyenne et cette valeur constante, et donc de limiter de manière particulièrement avantageuse les variations du couple moteur.It is also possible to limit the variations of the engine torque in another way, for example by integrating into the train a mechanism delivering a constant torque to the exhaust which is well known to those skilled in the art. Insofar as an automatic winding system makes it possible to maintain the value of the engine torque in the vicinity of a predetermined constant maximum value, it is advantageous to equip a timepiece according to the invention. The low power consumption of such a part should make it possible to reduce by the same amount the difference between the average effective value and this constant value, and thus to limit in a particularly advantageous manner the variations of the engine torque.

Le mode de réalisation représenté à la figure 8 est similaire à celui des figures 1 à 3. Ici, toutefois, l'organe de transmission 26 n'est pas fixé sur le balancier 28. Il est monté pivotant sur le balancier au moyen d'un roulement à billes 73, coaxialement au balancier 28. Un spiral 30a, fixé par une extrémité à une virole non visible au dessin et montée sur l'arbre de balancier, et par l'autre extrémité à un piton 74 solidaire du corps 26c, relie élastiquement ce dernier au balancier 28. En outre, un ressort-lame 30b fixée rigidement au piton 74, est limité dans son mouvement par deux goupilles 75 fixées sur le bâti. Cette dernière figure montre bien la division de l'organe élastique en deux parties connectées en série ; l'une, le ressort-spiral 30a relie le corps de transmission 26c au balancier, et l'autre, la lame 30b, relie le corps 26c au bâti par les goupilles 75.The embodiment shown in FIG. 8 is similar to that of FIGS. 1 to 3. Here, however, the transmission member 26 is not fixed on the balance 28. It is pivotally mounted on the balance by means of FIG. a ball bearing 73, coaxially with the balance 28. A hairspring 30a, fixed at one end to a ferrule not visible in the drawing and mounted on the balance shaft, and at the other end to a peg 74 integral with the body 26c, elastically connects the latter to the balance 28. In addition, a leaf spring 30b rigidly fixed to the pin 74 is limited in its movement by two pins 75 fixed to the frame. This last figure clearly shows the division of the elastic member into two parts connected in series; one, the spiral spring 30a connects the transmission body 26c to the balance, and the other, the blade 30b, connects the body 26c to the frame by the pins 75.

De la sorte, l'amplitude du mouvement de l'organe de transmission est réduite, de même que celle des lames 26, sans modifier celle du balancier 28. On relèvera que le ressort-lame 30b pourrait aussi assurer la fonction du bras 62, décrit en référence à la figure 7.In this way, the amplitude of the movement of the transmission member is reduced, as is that of the blades 26, without modifying that of the balance 28. It will be noted that the leaf spring 30b could also provide the function of the arm 62, described with reference to FIG.

Dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 5, il est également possible de faire coopérer l'organe de transmission avec l'organe élastique, soit en fixant les lames directement sur l'organe élastique, soit encore en faisant coopérer un organe de transmission pivotant sur le bâti et entraîné par l'une des lames de l'organe élastique, dans sa partie médiane.In the embodiment of FIG. 5, it is also possible to make the transmission member cooperate with the elastic member, either by fixing the blades directly on the elastic member or by cooperating with a pivoting transmission member. on the frame and driven by one of the blades of the elastic member, in its middle part.

L'échappement qui a été décrit et le résonateur qu'il entretient peuvent, bien entendu, présenter de nombreuses différences, sans pour autant sortir du cadre de l'invention. Par ailleurs, la forme des dents de la roue pourrait être différente. Il est ainsi possible de réaliser les lames élastiques et les palettes en une seule pièce.The exhaust that has been described and the resonator that it maintains can, of course, have many differences, without departing from the scope of the invention. Moreover, the shape of the teeth of the wheel could be different. It is thus possible to produce the elastic blades and the pallets in one piece.

Il est aussi envisageable que les palettes présentent une partie concave réalisant la fonction de frottement de roulement en coopération avec des points d'appui de la denture constitués par les arêtes sortantes des dents, qui agissent ainsi comme couteaux pivotant dans le creux des palettes.It is also conceivable that the pallets have a concave portion performing the function of rolling friction in cooperation with the bearing points of the toothing constituted by the outgoing edges of the teeth, which thus act as knives pivoting in the hollow of the pallets.

Claims (10)

Echappement (20 ; 56, 58), pour pièce d'horlogerie comportant un bâti (50), un balancier (28 ; 52), un organe élastique (30 ; 54) coopérant avec le balancier pour former un résonateur (22), une source d'énergie mécanique (10) et un rouage (12) entraîné par ladite source d'énergie, et qui comprend : - un mobile d'échappement (24 ; 58) muni d'un pignon (24a), en prise avec un mobile (28) dudit rouage, et d'une roue (24b) comportant au moins une denture (24c, 24d), et - un organe de transmission (26) pour transmettre l'énergie provenant de la roue d'échappement (24b) au résonateur (22), caractérisé en ce que : ■ ledit organe de transmission (26) comporte un corps (26c ; 52b) et deux lames élastiques (26a, 26b ; 56) solidaires dudit corps par l'une de leurs extrémités et munies chacune d'une palette (32) à l'autre extrémité, et ■ ladite denture (24c, 24d) forme une succession de points d'appui (24g) agencés de manière à coopérer successivement avec lesdites palettes (32) pour transmettre l'énergie du rouage (12) audit résonateur (22). Exhaust (20; 56; 58) for a timepiece comprising a frame (50), a rocker (28; 52), an elastic member (30; 54) cooperating with the balance to form a resonator (22), a a source of mechanical energy (10) and a gear train (12) driven by said energy source, and which comprises: an escapement wheel (24; 58) provided with a pinion (24a), engaged with a wheel (28) of said wheel, and with a wheel (24b) comprising at least one toothing (24c, 24d), and a transmission member (26) for transmitting energy from the escape wheel (24b) to the resonator (22), characterized in that Said transmission member (26) comprises a body (26c; 52b) and two elastic blades (26a, 26b; 56) secured to said body by one of their ends and each provided with a pallet (32) to the other end, and ■ said toothing (24c, 24d) forms a succession of support points (24g) arranged to cooperate successively with said pallets (32) for transmitting the energy of the train (12) to said resonator (22). Echappement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdits points d'appui (24g) et lesdites palettes (32) sont agencés de manière à coopérer les uns avec les autres dans un mouvement de faible frottement et de roulement.Exhaust according to claim 1, characterized in that said bearing points (24g) and said vanes (32) are arranged to cooperate with each other in a low friction and rolling motion. Echappement selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que lesdites palettes (32) forment un couteau dans leur portion destinée à coopérer avec la denture aux points d'appui (24g).Exhaust according to claim 2, characterized in that said pallets (32) form a knife in their portion intended to cooperate with the toothing at the points of support (24g). Echappement selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que lesdits points d'appui de la denture forment chacun un couteau destiné à coopérer avec une partie en creux desdites palettes (32).Exhaust according to claim 2, characterized in that said bearing points of the toothing each form a knife intended to cooperate with a recessed portion of said pallets (32). Echappement selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte, en outre, des butées (34a, 34b) solidaires dudit bâti, coopérant avec lesdites lames élastiques (26a, 26b) et limitant leur amplitude de mouvement lorsque les palettes (32) ne sont pas en contact avec ladite denture (24c, 24d).Exhaust according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it further comprises stops (34a, 34b) integral with said frame, cooperating with said elastic blades (26a, 26b) and limiting their range of motion when the pallets (32) are not in contact with said toothing (24c, 24d). Oscillateur mécanique comportant un résonateur (52, 54) qui comprend un balancier (52) et un organe élastique (54), et un échappement (56, 58) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'amplitude du balancier est inférieure ou égale à 5° et le corps (52b) de l'échappement est fixé rigidement au balancier (52).Mechanical oscillator comprising a resonator (52, 54) which comprises a rocker (52) and an elastic member (54), and an escapement (56, 58) according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the amplitude the balance is less than or equal to 5 ° and the body (52b) of the exhaust is rigidly fixed to the balance (52). Oscillateur mécanique comportant un résonateur (52, 54) qui comprend un balancier (52) et un organe élastique (54), et un échappement (56, 58) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que ledit corps (26c) est fixé à l'organe élastique.Mechanical oscillator comprising a resonator (52, 54) which comprises a rocker (52) and an elastic member (54), and an escapement (56, 58) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said body ( 26c) is attached to the elastic member. Oscillateur selon l'une des revendications 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que ledit organe élastique (30, 54) assure, en outre, la suspension du balancier.Oscillator according to one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that said elastic member (30, 54) further ensures the suspension of the balance. Oscillateur selon l'une des revendication 6 à 8, caractérisé en ce que ledit résonateur comprend, en outre, un organe régulateur monté mobile sur le bâti et dont la position est fonction du couple moteur de ladite source d'énergie, et agencé pour coopérer avec ledit organe élastique (30, 54) pour en faire varier la dimension active.Oscillator according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that said resonator further comprises a regulator member movably mounted on the frame and whose position is a function of the motor torque of said source of energy, and arranged to cooperate with said elastic member (30, 54) to vary the active dimension. Oscillateur selon l'une des revendications 7 et 8, caractérisé en ce que l'organe élastique comporte, en outre, un organe régulateur monté mobile sur le bâti et dont la position est fonction du couple moteur de ladite source d'énergie, et un deuxième ressort fixé au balancier par l'une de ses extrémités, l'autre extrémité coopérant avec ledit organe régulateur.Oscillator according to one of claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the elastic member further comprises a regulator member movably mounted on the frame and whose position is a function of the engine torque of said energy source, and a second spring attached to the beam by one of its ends, the other end cooperating with said regulating member.
EP05105626A 2005-06-23 2005-06-23 Timepiece Active EP1736838B1 (en)

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AT05105626T ATE389902T1 (en) 2005-06-23 2005-06-23 CLOCK
DE602005005465T DE602005005465T2 (en) 2005-06-23 2005-06-23 Clock
EP05105626A EP1736838B1 (en) 2005-06-23 2005-06-23 Timepiece
HK07103235A HK1096164A1 (en) 2005-06-23 2007-03-27 Timepiece

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EP2273323A2 (en) 2009-07-10 2011-01-12 Manufacture et fabrique de montres et chronomètres Ulysse Nardin Le Locle SA Mechanical oscillator
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US8342739B2 (en) 2007-12-27 2013-01-01 Chopard Technologies Sa Horological movement comprising a high oscillation frequency regulating device
EP2911012A1 (en) 2014-02-20 2015-08-26 CSEM Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA - Recherche et Développement Timepiece oscillator
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EP3182213A1 (en) 2015-12-16 2017-06-21 Société anonyme de la Manufacture d'Horlogerie Audemars Piguet & Cie Mechanism for adjusting an average speed in a clock movement and clock movement
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EP2363762B1 (en) * 2010-03-04 2017-11-22 Montres Breguet SA Timepiece including a high-frequency mechanical movement
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EP3686693A1 (en) 2019-01-24 2020-07-29 CSEM Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA - Recherche et Développement Mechanical timepiece regulator
EP3722888A1 (en) 2019-04-09 2020-10-14 Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Mechanical oscillator with tunable isochronism defect
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EP3182214A1 (en) 2015-12-16 2017-06-21 Société anonyme de la Manufacture d'Horlogerie Audemars Piguet & Cie Mechanical oscillator for timepiece, adjustment mechanism comprising said mechanical oscillator, and clock movement
EP3182213A1 (en) 2015-12-16 2017-06-21 Société anonyme de la Manufacture d'Horlogerie Audemars Piguet & Cie Mechanism for adjusting an average speed in a clock movement and clock movement
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WO2017157870A1 (en) * 2016-03-14 2017-09-21 Lvmh Swiss Manufactures Sa Device for a timepiece, timepiece movement and timepiece comprising a device of said type
FR3048792A1 (en) * 2016-03-14 2017-09-15 Lvmh Swiss Mft Sa DEVICE FOR WATCHMAKING PART, CLOCK MOVEMENT AND TIMEPIECE COMPRISING SUCH A DEVICE
WO2017157868A1 (en) * 2016-03-14 2017-09-21 Lvmh Swiss Manufactures Sa Mechanism for a timepiece and timepiece comprising such a mechanism
FR3048791A1 (en) * 2016-03-14 2017-09-15 Lvmh Swiss Mft Sa MECHANISM FOR A WATCHING PART AND A WATCHPIECE COMPRISING SUCH A MECHANISM
US11029649B2 (en) 2016-03-14 2021-06-08 LVHM Swiss Manufactures SA Device for timepiece, clockwork movement and timepiece comprising such a device
US11460811B2 (en) 2016-03-14 2022-10-04 Lvmh Swiss Manufactures Sa Mechanism for a timepiece and timepiece comprising such a mechanism
EP3276431A1 (en) 2016-07-27 2018-01-31 Cartier International AG Mechanical oscillator for clock movement
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EP3722888A1 (en) 2019-04-09 2020-10-14 Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Mechanical oscillator with tunable isochronism defect
US20230000492A1 (en) * 2021-06-30 2023-01-05 Covidien Lp Surgical stapling apparatus with firing lockout assembly
US11602344B2 (en) * 2021-06-30 2023-03-14 Covidien Lp Surgical stapling apparatus with firing lockout assembly

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HK1096164A1 (en) 2007-05-25
DE602005005465T2 (en) 2009-04-09
ATE389902T1 (en) 2008-04-15
EP1736838B1 (en) 2008-03-19
DE602005005465D1 (en) 2008-04-30

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