EP1711642B1 - Couche contenant du fer, appliquee par projection thermique, servant de surface de frottement, destinee notamment a des surfaces de frottement de cylindres de blocs-moteurs - Google Patents

Couche contenant du fer, appliquee par projection thermique, servant de surface de frottement, destinee notamment a des surfaces de frottement de cylindres de blocs-moteurs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1711642B1
EP1711642B1 EP05707873A EP05707873A EP1711642B1 EP 1711642 B1 EP1711642 B1 EP 1711642B1 EP 05707873 A EP05707873 A EP 05707873A EP 05707873 A EP05707873 A EP 05707873A EP 1711642 B1 EP1711642 B1 EP 1711642B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
iron
containing layer
heat
layer
metal carbides
Prior art date
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EP05707873A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1711642A1 (fr
Inventor
Clemens Verpoort
Maik Broda
Tobias Abeln
Gerhard Flores
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gehring GmbH and Co KG
Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Gehring GmbH and Co KG
Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Publication of EP1711642A1 publication Critical patent/EP1711642A1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/18—After-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06—Metallic material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an applied by thermal spraying iron-containing layer of a sliding surface, in particular for cylinder surfaces of engine blocks according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for producing and the use of this layer.
  • WO 03/106718 is a generic iron-containing layer, which is applied by thermal spraying and which has an amorphous structure with finely divided, nano-crystalline metal borides and / or metal carbides.
  • a layer is well suited as a sliding surface due to the high hardness.
  • the layer is applied in the region of the sliding surfaces on the machine parts to be coated by thermal spraying.
  • the resulting surface of the sprayed-on layer is relatively rough and, in order to serve as a sliding surface, must be smoothed by surface treatment.
  • Such machining preferably takes place by honing, but other machining and non-cutting methods of surface treatment are also possible.
  • WO 89/10434 discloses a sliding layer provided by, for example, thermal spraying, in which a fine-grained distribution of the constituents in a quasi-amorphous state is produced by a punctiform laser beam. Subsequently, hard particles such as TiC, WC; SiC ... be stored in the layer.
  • JP-A-05288274 discloses the selective heat input by laser light for limited local hardening of a applied by thermal spraying layer (eg WC).
  • US-A-4,774,393 discloses the production of lubricating pockets in a lubricating layer by means of concentrated laser light.
  • the sprayed-on layer must be partially removed. For this to be possible, compromises between strength and machinability must be found in the formation of the sprayed-on layer, especially with regard to the total production outlay and the associated production costs. As a result, the sliding surface formed does not always have the best possible properties in terms of wear resistance and / or sliding friction, especially in connection with a lubricant, which it might have due to the superior properties of the iron-containing layer.
  • the iron-containing layer thus comprises further nano-crystalline metal borides and / or metal carbides, which have been produced after application of the iron-containing layer and a subsequent surface treatment by selective heat input into the iron-containing layer.
  • the surface treatment takes place after the application of the iron-containing layer.
  • the surface of the iron-containing layer after application can be finished as much as possible, so that the final surface roughness and / or the final layer thickness is achieved.
  • the layer is applied so that a favorable surface treatment, eg. B. in terms of accuracy and / or cost is possible.
  • the subsequent heat input causes a change in the properties of the layer, for. B. greater hardness, better wear behavior and / or better sliding friction in the heat input.
  • the then possibly necessary post-processing of the surface to z. B. remove burrs or to achieve a lower surface roughness can then be limited to a minimum.
  • heat input z. B. with laser light, no roughening of Surface detectable. This altogether enables a highly accurate production of a sliding surface with the best possible wear and friction behavior at low production costs.
  • the surface treatment may be a mechanical fine machining of the iron-containing layer. These are z. As honing, grinding or polishing. These proven methods allow cost-effective and accurate production of the surface of a sliding layer. Thus, the sliding surface can be finished substantially, that is, a subsequent processing after the heat input is no longer necessary or limited to a little post-processing, for. B. to remove burrs formed during heat input.
  • Finely distributed nanocrystalline metal borides and / or metal carbides are advantageously precipitated from the amorphous structure of the iron-containing layer in the region of the heat input.
  • the iron-containing layer during application may have a relatively high proportion of crystalline and / or partially crystalline structure. This allows the favorable mechanical processing.
  • the heat input creates additional nanocrystalline metal borides and / or metal carbides, which substantially increases the strength of the iron-containing layer in the region of the heat input.
  • the iron-containing layer preferably has a hardness of 1000 to 1250 HV 0.05 in the region of the heat input, but the hardness can readily be adjusted by means of appropriate process parameters and material composition in the range between 800 HV 0.05 and 1500 HV 0.05.
  • Such hardness is currently z. B. in carbide tools based on tungsten carbide / cobalt known, and can now be applied over a large area for sliding surfaces. Due to the high hardness, the iron-containing layer is extremely wear-resistant.
  • the metal borides or metal carbides preferably have a size of 60 to 130 nm. Due to the small size, the friction is reduced and the hardness increased.
  • the selective heat input in the form of geometric figures, regular patterns and / or irregular patterns.
  • These figures or patterns can be made by continuous heat input by passing a point source of heat over the iron-containing layer according to the shape of the figures and patterns.
  • the heat input can also be discontinuous, z. B. to create a dot pattern.
  • adjacent areas can be produced on the sliding surfaces, each having different properties.
  • the iron-containing layer on erosion which are caused by the selective heat input.
  • This can be z. B. take place in that material is removed on the surface of the layer by evaporation.
  • the erosion can again take the form of figures or patterns, as previously described.
  • Such abrasions on sliding surfaces in the form of lubrication pockets, oil collecting grooves, or the like can improve the sliding friction properties.
  • Finely divided nanocrystalline metal borides and / or metal carbides are preferably precipitated from the amorphous matrix of the iron-containing layer at the edge of the ablation.
  • the wear resistance of the edge, z. B. a lubricating pocket substantially increased and it is ensured that even after a long period of operation of the sliding surface, the function of the lubrication pocket, etc. is safely met.
  • the removal preferably takes the form of local depressions.
  • Such depressions are from the EP1275864 known.
  • the disclosure of this document is incorporated by reference into the disclosure of this application.
  • the recesses have a maximum extent of less than 2 mm.
  • These dimensions are not meant to be limiting. For certain applications, these dimensions may be larger or smaller. In particular, no specific dimension ratio of the depressions is to be observed. Rather, each of the dimensions length, width and depth can be adapted to the requirements of the respective depression.
  • the heat input preferably takes place by means of laser light and / or electron beams.
  • These energy sources can deliberately selectively introduce heat or energy into the iron-containing layer in a small area, as is the case, for example. B. is required for the preparation of the wells described above.
  • these sources of energy in a small space such. Example, within a cylinder bore of an internal combustion engine or a hydraulic cylinder, are used to produce the inventive iron-containing layer.
  • all other suitable energy sources are also usable, which allow the heat input to produce the inventive iron-containing layer.
  • inventive iron-containing layer can be produced in any suitable combination with the method for producing an iron-containing layer, just as, conversely, the inventive method for the production can be used to produce an iron-containing layer.
  • the inventive iron-containing layer is used in the production of sliding surfaces on machine parts, in particular of connecting rod bearings, crankshaft bearings, piston rings, cylinder surfaces and pistons.
  • machine parts in particular of connecting rod bearings, crankshaft bearings, piston rings, cylinder surfaces and pistons.
  • this includes all machines where such machine components are located, eg. B. hydraulic cylinder, gearbox, shaft bearings.
  • the coating is particularly suitable for thermal shock claimed motors.
  • Thermal shock occurs when, during cold start, at low ambient temperatures, engines rapidly spin up to maximum speed under load.
  • the sliding surface is highly resilient, since due to the nano-crystalline precipitations of the metal borides and metal carbides, a layer with extremely high hardness is formed.
  • the borides lead to a very low coefficient of friction, so that this layer also has excellent sliding properties.
  • a preferred use of the iron-containing layer according to the invention can be carried out in the repair of worn sliding surfaces.
  • the layer has an excellent mechanical bond to the base material due to the amorphous solidification and is thus able to be subsequently applied to.
  • the order of the layer can be made on a post-processed, cleaned and / or blasted surface. This allows the flexible use of the layer in any repair work on sliding surfaces. Due to the high hardness and strength of the layer also a possible weakening of the base material is compensated by wear or subsequent removal, so that the original strength of the base material can be almost reached again.
  • Application example is the critical web area between cylinder bores of an engine block.
  • FIG. 1 shows a base material 1, on which an iron-containing layer 2 is applied.
  • the layer 2 On the surface 3, the layer 2 is already finished and has reached its final surface finish as a sliding surface.
  • a laser beam 4 is introduced with a high energy density heat in the layer 2 localized, whereby a region 5 of the heat input is formed, which is limited approximately by the boundary line 6.
  • the material of the layer 2 evaporates partially, and there is the recess 7, which preferably extends in the form of a lubricating pocket over the layer 2. If the recess is designed as a lubricating pocket, have proven advantageous dimensions a width b of up to 70 microns and a depth t of up to 40 microns.
  • the longitudinal extent is not shown here, but here a maximum length of not more than 2 mm has been found to be advantageous.
  • FIG. 2 a micrograph of an iron-containing layer in the region of the heat input is shown.
  • a material structure results, for example, in a region which is in FIG. 1 is marked with the section 8.
  • the applied iron-containing layer 2 in this case has an area 5 of the heat input. This was created by the recess 7 was made by evaporation of material due to heat input by a laser beam, not shown.
  • the region 5 shows, especially in the edge zone 9 of the recess 7, an increased density of finely divided nano-crystalline metal borides 10 and metal carbides 10 compared to the base material of the layer 2, where no heat treatment was carried out.
  • the edge zone 9 in the region 5 of the heat treatment to an even greater hardness than the non-heat-treated layer 2 itself.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Couche (2) contenant du fer, appliquée par pulvérisation thermique sur une surface de glissement, en particulier la surface de glissement des cylindres d'un bloc moteur,
    la couche (2) contenant du fer contenant d'autres éléments métalliques, métalloïdes et/ou non métalliques,
    la couche (2) contenant du fer présentant une structure amorphe dans laquelle sont finement répartis des borures nanocristallins de métaux et/ou des carbures nanocristallins de métaux,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la couche (2) contenant du fer présente d'autres borures nanocristallins de métaux (10) et/ou carbures nanocristallins de métaux (10) qui sont formés dans la couche (2) contenant du fer par apport ponctuel de chaleur après application de la couche (2) contenant du fer et le traitement ultérieur de la surface,
    en ce que la couche (2) contenant du fer présente des enlèvements qui découlent de l'apport ponctuel de chaleur,
    en ce que les enlèvements présentent la forme de creux locaux (7) et
    en ce que les borures nanocristallins de métaux finement répartis (10) et/ou les carbures nanocristallins de métaux finement répartis (10) provenant de la matrice amorphe de la couche (2) contenant du fer sont déposés sur le bord (9) des enlèvements.
  2. Couche contenant du fer selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'apport ponctuel de chaleur présente la forme de figures géométriques, de motifs réguliers et/ou de motifs irréguliers.
  3. Procédé de formation d'une couche (2) contenant du fer sur une surface de coulissement,
    la couche (2) contenant du fer étant appliquée par pulvérisation thermique, contenant d'autres éléments de métaux, métalloïdes et/ou non de métaux et présentant une structure amorphe dotée de borures nanocristallins de métaux finement répartis et/ou de carbures nanocristallins de métaux finement répartis, caractérisé en ce que
    la couche (2) contenant du fer présente d'autres borures nanocristallins de métaux (10) et/ou carbures nanocristallins de métaux (10) qui sont formés dans la couche (2) contenant du fer par apport ponctuel de chaleur après application de la couche (2) contenant du fer et le traitement ultérieur de la surface,
    en ce que la couche (2) contenant du fer présente des enlèvements qui découlent de l'apport ponctuel de chaleur,
    en ce que le matériau de la couche (2) contenant du fer est enlevé sous la forme de creux locaux (7) et
    en ce que les borures nanocristallins de métaux finement répartis (10) et/ou les carbures nanocristallins de métaux finement répartis (10) provenant de la structure amorphe de la couche (2) contenant du fer sont déposés sur le bord (9) des enlèvements.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le traitement de surface est un usinage mécanique fin de la couche (2) contenant du fer, en particulier un rodage, un meulage ou un polissage.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que l'apport ponctuel de chaleur présente la forme de figures géométriques, de motifs réguliers et/ou de motifs irréguliers.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 3 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'apport de chaleur s'effectue au moyen d'une lumière laser (4) et/ou de faisceaux d'électrons.
  7. Utilisation d'une couche contenant du fer selon l'une des revendications précédentes pour la fabrication de surfaces de coulissement sur des pièces de machine, en particulier sur les paliers de bielles, les paliers de vilebrequin, les bagues de piston, les surfaces de glissement de cylindre et les pistons.
  8. Utilisation d'une couche contenant du fer selon les revendications 1 ou 2 pour la réparation de surfaces de glissement usées.
EP05707873A 2004-01-28 2005-01-28 Couche contenant du fer, appliquee par projection thermique, servant de surface de frottement, destinee notamment a des surfaces de frottement de cylindres de blocs-moteurs Active EP1711642B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004004457 2004-01-28
PCT/EP2005/050357 WO2005073425A1 (fr) 2004-01-28 2005-01-28 Couche contenant du fer, appliquee par projection thermique, servant de surface de frottement, destinee notamment a des surfaces de frottement de cylindres de blocs-moteurs

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1711642A1 EP1711642A1 (fr) 2006-10-18
EP1711642B1 true EP1711642B1 (fr) 2010-07-07

Family

ID=34638796

Family Applications (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05100575A Withdrawn EP1559806A1 (fr) 2004-01-28 2005-01-28 Revêtement contenant du fer appliqué par projection à chaud sur une surface coulissante, en particulier sur des alésages de cylindres de blocs moteur
EP05707873A Active EP1711642B1 (fr) 2004-01-28 2005-01-28 Couche contenant du fer, appliquee par projection thermique, servant de surface de frottement, destinee notamment a des surfaces de frottement de cylindres de blocs-moteurs
EP05100596A Withdrawn EP1559808A1 (fr) 2004-01-28 2005-01-28 Revêtement contenant du fer appliqué par projection à chaud sur une surface coulissante, en particulier sur des alésages de cylindres de blocs moteur
EP05100597A Withdrawn EP1559807A1 (fr) 2004-01-28 2005-01-28 Procédé de réparation de surfaces coulissantes, en particulier des alésages de cylindres de blocs de moteur

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05100575A Withdrawn EP1559806A1 (fr) 2004-01-28 2005-01-28 Revêtement contenant du fer appliqué par projection à chaud sur une surface coulissante, en particulier sur des alésages de cylindres de blocs moteur

Family Applications After (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05100596A Withdrawn EP1559808A1 (fr) 2004-01-28 2005-01-28 Revêtement contenant du fer appliqué par projection à chaud sur une surface coulissante, en particulier sur des alésages de cylindres de blocs moteur
EP05100597A Withdrawn EP1559807A1 (fr) 2004-01-28 2005-01-28 Procédé de réparation de surfaces coulissantes, en particulier des alésages de cylindres de blocs de moteur

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (4) EP1559806A1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE473311T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE502005009857D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005073425A1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0230633A2 (fr) * 1985-12-20 1987-08-05 Union Carbide Corporation Rouleau de friction avec surface résistant à l'usure

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Publication number Publication date
EP1559807A1 (fr) 2005-08-03
EP1711642A1 (fr) 2006-10-18
ATE473311T1 (de) 2010-07-15
EP1559806A1 (fr) 2005-08-03
DE502005009857D1 (de) 2010-08-19
EP1559808A1 (fr) 2005-08-03
WO2005073425A1 (fr) 2005-08-11

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