EP1691150B1 - Vorrichtung zur erfassung von kältemittelleckage und diese verwendende kühlvorrichtung - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zur erfassung von kältemittelleckage und diese verwendende kühlvorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1691150B1
EP1691150B1 EP04720265.0A EP04720265A EP1691150B1 EP 1691150 B1 EP1691150 B1 EP 1691150B1 EP 04720265 A EP04720265 A EP 04720265A EP 1691150 B1 EP1691150 B1 EP 1691150B1
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Prior art keywords
power value
refrigerator
axis current
axis
coolant
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EP04720265.0A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1691150A1 (de
EP1691150A4 (de
Inventor
Kosaku Toshiba HA Products Co. Ltd. ADACHI
Yuuki Toshiba HA Products Co. Ltd. MARUTANI
Akihiro Toshiba HA Products Co. Ltd. NOGUCHI
Tsutomu Toshiba HA Products Co. Ltd. SAKUMA
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Toshiba Lifestyle Products and Services Corp
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Toshiba Lifestyle Products and Services Corp
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/12—Inflammable refrigerants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/22—Preventing, detecting or repairing leaks of refrigeration fluids
    • F25B2500/222—Detecting refrigerant leaks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2400/00—General features of, or devices for refrigerators, cold rooms, ice-boxes, or for cooling or freezing apparatus not covered by any other subclass
    • F25D2400/04—Refrigerators with a horizontal mullion

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a refrigerator that uses a flammable coolant.
  • coolants such as hydrocarbons that have been used in refrigerators in recent years are flammable, when a coolant leak occurs there is a possibility of it developing into an accident such as a fire, and it has been necessary to ensure full safety even in this case.
  • coolant leak detection of flammable coolant in an invertor-controlled refrigerator has been carried out by compressor input changes being monitored as duty changes of PWM drive, and it being inferred that a leak has occurred from the low-pressure side of the refrigerating cycle when with the compressor speed in a fixed range the duty has risen above a certain ratio with respect to an initial value and it being determined that a leak has occurred from the high-pressure side of the refrigerating cycle when it has fallen below a certain ratio (for example JP-A-2003-139446 ).
  • WO2003/027587 A1 discloses a refrigerator-freezer comprising a refrigeration cycle filled with a flammable refrigerant and a refrigerant leakage detection system configured to detect leakage of the flammable refrigerant.
  • WO2003/027587 A1 discloses a cooling detecting device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the present invention provides a coolant leakage detecting device with which it is possible in a refrigerator using a flammable coolant to increase the accuracy of detection of coolant leaks certainly in correspondence with input fluctuations of the compressor.
  • the invention pertaining to claim 1 is a coolant leakage detecting device having: a refrigerator cycle having at least a compressor, a condenser and an evaporator; characterized in that the compressor is driven by a three-phase brushless DC motor; the coolant leakage detecting device being further characterized by halving: an invertor circuit configured to supply three-phase drive currents to stator windings of the brushless DC motor; a POM circuit configured to supply PWM signals to the invertor circuit; drive current detecting means configured to detect the three-phase drive currents; dq converting means configured to convert the detected three-phase drive currents into a d-axis current, which is a current component corresponding to the flux of the rotor of the brushless DC motor, and a q-axis current, which is a current component corresponding to the torque of the brushless DC motor; control means configured to output a reference q-axis current and a reference d-axis current on the basis of the converted q-axis current
  • the invention pertaining to claim 2 is a coolant leakage detecting device according to claim 1 characterized in that both a magnet torque and a reluctance torque are used for the rotation of the rotor of the brushless DC motor and a negative d-axis current is made to flow so that a maximum torque is obtained, and the power calculating means calculates the power value from a value obtained by adding the product of the detected d-axis current and the reference d-axis voltage to the product of the detected q-axis current and the reference q-axis voltage.
  • the invention pertaining to claim 3 is a coolant leakage detecting device according to claim 1 characterized in that the after sampling the reference power value the determining means samples multiple power values at intervals of a fixed time and averages these multiple sampled power values to obtain the power value for determination.
  • the invention pertaining to claim 4 is a refrigerator characterized in that it comprises the coolant leakage detecting device according to at least one of claims 1 to 3.
  • the invention pertaining to claim 5 is a refrigerator according to claim 4 characterized in that the determining means is configured such that when it has determined that a coolant leak has occurred the determining means temporarily stops high-voltage parts in the refrigerator while cooling is continued, and after a predetermined time has elapsed from when it determined the coolant leak it cancels the stoppage of the high-voltage parts in accordance with the detected temperature of a temperature sensor mounted in the refrigerator.
  • the invention pertaining to claim 6 is a refrigerator according to claim 5 characterized in that the determining means is configured such that the predetermined time is altered in correspondence with a number of openings and closing of a door of the refrigerator.
  • a coolant leakage detecting device of the invention pertaining to claim 1, because a power value is calculated from the product of a detected q-axis current and a reference q-axis voltage and a reference power value is sampled from the calculated power value and a power value for determination is sampled a predetermined time after the sampling of the reference power value and it is determined that a coolant leak has occurred when the difference between the reference power value and the power value for determination is above a predetermined value, coolant leaks can be detected without fail.
  • a coolant leakage detecting device of the invention pertaining to claim 2, when the rotor is of an embedded permanent magnet type, besides the magnet torque a reluctance torque owing to a difference between a q-axis direction inductance and a d-axis direction inductance arises, and the two torques combined exceed the magnet torque.
  • a method of advancing the current phase with respect to the induced voltage (q-axis direction) so as to drive the motor at the point at which this combined torque is a maximum is used. Because a negative Id in this case is made to flow to advance the current phase and achieve the maximum torque, a power also arises on the d-axis. Therefore, the power calculating means calculates the power value from the value obtained by adding the product of the detected d-axis current and the reference d-axis voltage to the product of the detected q-axis current and the reference q-axis voltage.
  • a coolant leakage detecting device can be suitably used in a refrigerator using a flammable coolant.
  • a refrigerator of the invention pertaining to claim 5 because it is determined at an early stage that there is a possibility of a coolant leak and high-voltage electrical parts of which it is the case that when the surrounding gas concentration has reached a flammable range and furthermore the part is defective there is a possibility of ignition are stopped, safety in the worst case can be ensured while normal cooling is continued, and when a coolant leak was mis-detected the refrigerator can be restored swiftly and certainly to normal running.
  • the time to the determination based on the temperature sensor is altered in correspondence with the number of times the door is opened and closed before the state of the refrigerator based on its temperature is determined, and the cooling capacity condition can be determined with certainty.
  • a refrigerator 1 constituting a preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described.
  • Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a refrigerator 1 illustrating this preferred embodiment
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the refrigerating cycle of the refrigerator 1.
  • the cabinet of the refrigerator 1 is made up of an insulating casing 9 and an inner casing 8 and is divided by an insulating partition wall 2 into a refrigerating temperature section 30 and a freezing temperature section 31, and the structure is such that the two temperature sections 30, 31 are completely independently cooled and there is no mixing of cold air between the two.
  • the interior of the refrigerating temperature section 30 is divided by a refrigerator partition plate 3 into a refrigerated storage compartment 4 and a vegetable compartment 5, the freezing temperature compartment 31 is made up of a first freezer compartment 6 and a second freezer compartment 7, and the compartments have respective opening and closing doors 4a, 5a, 6a and 7a.
  • a temperature sensor (hereinafter, R sensor) 34 for detecting the interior temperature and a deodorizing device 35 are disposed in the refrigerated storage compartment 4.
  • a high-voltage part is used as this deodorizing device 35, and it is for example a device of a type that has a photocatalyst disposed between a pair of electrodes and effects deodorization by discharging electricity between these electrodes and thereby producing ozone.
  • a refrigerator compartment evaporator 10 and a refrigerator compartment cooling fan 11 are mounted on the back wall of the vegetable compartment 5, and the refrigerator compartment cooling fan 11 is operated as necessary on the basis of interior temperature fluctuations and/or door opening and closing.
  • the back wall of the refrigerated storage compartment 4 constitutes a cold air circulation path 18 for supplying cold air into the refrigerating temperature section 30.
  • a defrosting heater 26 is disposed below the freezer compartment evaporator 12.
  • a freezer compartment evaporator 12 and a freezer compartment cooling fan 13 are mounted on the back wall of the first and second freezer compartments 6, 7 and cool the first and second freezer compartments 6, 7 by circulating cold air.
  • a compressor 15 and a condenser 21 of a refrigerating cycle shown in Fig. 2 are mounted in a machine compartment 14 at the bottom of the rear wall of the refrigerator 1, and after flammable coolant discharged from the compressor 15 passes through the condenser 21 a flammable coolant switching mechanism of a switching valve 22 switches alternately between flammable coolant flow paths to alternately realize a freezer mode and a refrigerator mode.
  • a refrigerator capillary tube 23 and the refrigerator compartment evaporator 10 are connected in turn to one outlet of the switching valve 22, a freezer capillary tube 24 and the freezer compartment evaporator 12 are connected in turn to another outlet of the switching valve 22, and an accumulator 16 is connected to the freezer compartment evaporator 12.
  • flammable coolant paths are switched by the switching valve 22, and in the freezer mode, which is for cooling the freezing temperature section 31, flammable coolant is reduced in pressure in the freezer capillary tube 24 and enters the freezer compartment evaporator 12, cools the freezing temperature section 31, and then returns to the compressor 15 again.
  • flammable coolant constitutes the refrigerating cycle in which the flammable coolant is reduced in pressure in the refrigerator capillary tube 23 and enters the refrigerator compartment evaporator 10, cools the refrigerating temperature section 30, and then returns to the compressor 15 again through the freezer compartment evaporator 12.
  • the flammable coolant flows through the freezer capillary tube 24, the freezer compartment evaporator 12 and the accumulator 16 in turn, cold air is circulated around the interior by the operation of the freezer compartment cooling fan 13, and cooling of the first and second freezer compartments 6, 7 is effected.
  • the electrical system is made up of a three-phase brushless DC motor (hereinafter, compressor motor) 28 for driving the compressor 15, a drive unit (hereinafter, compressor drive unit) 32 for driving this compressor motor 28, and a main control part 33 of the refrigerator 1 for controlling this compressor drive unit 32.
  • compressor motor three-phase brushless DC motor
  • compressor drive unit drive unit
  • main control part 33 of the refrigerator 1 for controlling this compressor drive unit 32.
  • door switches 4b to 7b respectively provided on the doors 4a to 7a of the compartments 4, 5, 6 and 7 are connected to the main control part 33.
  • the deodorizing device 35, the defrosting heater 26 and the R sensor 34 are also connected to the main control part 33.
  • the compressor drive unit 32 is made up of an invertor circuit 42, a rectifier circuit 44, an a.c. power supply 46, a PWM formation part 48, an AD convertor part 50, a dq convertor part 52, a speed detector part 54, a speed command outputting part 56, a speed PI-control part 58, a q-axis current PI-control part 60, a d-axis current PI-control part 62, and a three-phase convertor part 64.
  • the compressor motor 28 for rotating the compressor 15 is a three-phase brushless DC motor.
  • the invertor circuit 42 passes driving currents of three phases through stator windings 40u, 40v, 40w of the three phases (u phase, v phase, w phase) of this compressor motor 28.
  • This invertor circuit 42 is a full-bridge invertor circuit made up of six transistors Tr1 to Tr6, which are power switching semiconductor devices. Although they are not shown in the figure, diodes are connected in the opposite direction in parallel to these switching transistors Tr1 to Tr6. And, a detection resistance R1 for detecting a drive current is connected in series with the switching transistors Tr1 and Tr4, a detection resistance R2 is connected in series with the switching transistors Tr2 and Tr5, and a detection resistance R28 is connected in series with the switching transistors Tr28 and Tr6.
  • the rectifier circuit 44 is supplied with an a.c. voltage from the a.c. power supply 46, which is a commercial power supply (AC100V), and rectifies this and supplies it to the invertor circuit 42.
  • a.c. power supply 46 which is a commercial power supply (AC100V)
  • AC100V commercial power supply
  • the PWM formation part supplies PWM signals to the gate terminals of the six switching transistors Tr1 to Tr6.
  • the PWM formation part 48 performs pulse width modulation on the basis of voltages Vu, Vv, Vw of three phases, which will be further discussed later, and turns ON/OFF the switching transistors Tr1 to Tr6 with a predetermined timing.
  • the AD convertor part 50 detects voltage values at the detection resistances R1, R2 and R28, converts the voltage values of the different phases from analog values into digital values, and outputs drive currents Iu, Iv, Iw of the three phases.
  • the dq convertor part 52 converts the drive currents Iu, Iv, Iw outputted from the AD convertor part 50 into a d-axis (direct-axis) current Id, which is a current component corresponding to magnetic flux, and a q-axis (quadrature-axis) current Iq, which is a current component corresponding to the torque of the compressor motor 28.
  • the three phases Iu, Iv, Iw are converted into two phases I ⁇ , I ⁇ as shown in Exp. (1).
  • Fig. 6 is a vector diagram showing the relationship between the three phase currents and the two phase currents.
  • I ⁇ I ⁇ 2 3 1 ⁇ 1 / 2 ⁇ 1 / 2 0 3 / 2 ⁇ 3 / 2
  • the two-phase currents I ⁇ , I ⁇ obtained by this conversion are converted into a q-axis current Iq and a d-axis current Id using Exp. (2).
  • the relationship between these two-phase driving currents and the converted (detected) q-axis current Iq and d-axis current Id is as shown in the vector diagram of Fig. 7 .
  • Id Iq cos ⁇ sin ⁇ ⁇ sin ⁇ cos ⁇ I ⁇ I ⁇
  • the rotation angle ⁇ and the speed ⁇ of the compressor motor 28 are detected.
  • the rotation angle ⁇ which is the position of the rotor of the compressor motor 28, is obtained on the basis of the q-axis current and the d-axis current, and the rotation speed ⁇ is obtained by differentiating this ⁇ .
  • the main control part 33 of the refrigerator 1 outputs a speed command signal S on the basis of the q-axis current Iq sent to it from the dq convertor part 52.
  • the speed command outputting part 56 outputs a reference rotation speed ⁇ ref on the basis of the speed command signal S from the main control part 33 and the rotation speed to from the speed detector part 54.
  • the reference rotation speed ⁇ ref is inputted to the speed PI-control part 58 together with the present rotation speed ⁇ .
  • PI-control is carried out on the basis of the differential between the reference rotation speed ⁇ ref and the present rotation speed ⁇ , a reference q-axis current Iqref and a reference d-axis current Idref are outputted, and together with the present q-axis current Iq and the present d-axis current Id they are outputted to the q-axis current PI-control part 60 and the d-axis current PI-control part 62 respectively.
  • d-axis current PI-control part 62 current/voltage conversion and PI-control are carried out, and a reference d-axis voltage Vd is outputted.
  • V ⁇ V ⁇ cos ⁇ sin ⁇ ⁇ sin ⁇ cos ⁇ Vd Vq
  • Vu Vv Vw 2 3 1 0 ⁇ 1 / 2 3 / 2 ⁇ 1 / 2 ⁇ 3 / 2 V ⁇ V ⁇
  • the rotation speed is detected on the basis of the detected d-axis current Id and q-axis current Iq, feedback control is carried out on the basis of this rotation speed ⁇ and a speed command signal S from the main control part, and PWM signals are outputted to the invertor circuit 42 from the PWM formation part 48 so that the compressor motor 28 rotates at a rotation speed ⁇ ref matched to the speed command signal S.
  • the invertor circuit 42 outputs drive currents of three phases to the three phases of stator windings 40 of the compressor motor 28.
  • the power is calculated using the dq axis.
  • the instantaneous power Wi(t) is fed to the main control part 33. As shown in Fig. 8 , the instantaneous power Wi(t) matches the measured input value of the compressor motor 28.
  • the AC voltage does not affect it.
  • Fig. 3 shows power changes of when flammable coolant has leaked from the low-pressure side of the refrigerating cycle.
  • the main control part 33 monitors the instantaneous power value Wi(t) fed to it and performs a coolant leakage determination.
  • a reference power value Wi(t0) is stored. Thereafter the actual power value Wi(t) and the reference power value Wi(t0) are compared at fixed intervals. And when the power value for determination Wi(t) decreases to more than the reference decrease value G1 below the reference power value Wi(t0), a high-pressure leak is inferred. That is, when Wi t 0 ⁇ Wi t > G 1.
  • the reference decrease value respective to the reference power value is set by experiment so that when the cycle is normal the power value for determination does not fall below the reference power value by more than the reference decrease value but at the time of a coolant leak the leak can be detected.
  • the reference power value Wi(t0) is stored. For example, a new reference power value Wi((t0) is set when the refrigerating cycle has switched over from the freezing temperature section 31 to the refrigerating temperature section 30.
  • the power value for determination Wi(t) and the reference power value Wi(t0) are compared at fixed intervals. And when the power value for determination Wi(t) rises above the reference power value Wi(t0) by more than the reference increase value G2, a low-pressure leak determination is made. That is, when Wi t ⁇ Wi t 0 > G 2.
  • the ratio with respect to the reference power value Wi(t0) is set by experiment so that when the cycle is normal the power value for determination does not rise above the reference power value by more than the reference increase value but at the time of a coolant leak the leak can surely be detected. After a high-pressure leak determination, for example the driving of high-voltage parts is stopped.
  • the rotor has embedded permanent magnets, besides the magnet torque a reluctance torque due to a difference between an inductance in the q-axis direction and an inductance in the d-axis direction arises, and the two torques combined are greater than the magnet torque alone.
  • a method whereby the current phase is advanced with respect to the induced voltage (q-axis direction) so as to drive the compressor motor at the point at which this combined torque is a maximum is used. And because a negative Id in this case is made to flow to advance the current phase and achieve the maximum torque, a power also arises on the d-axis.
  • Wi t Iq t ⁇ Vq t + Id t ⁇ Vq t
  • an average value of the instantaneous power value Wi(t) over one revolution or multiple revolutions is calculated and compared with the reference power value Wi(t0), and a determination is made in the same way as in the first coolant leakage determination method.
  • the main control part 33 forcibly stops the driving of high-voltage parts such as the deodorizing device 35 and the defrosting heater 36 to ensure safety.
  • the main control part 33 makes a second-stage determination.
  • a fixed time for example twelve hours
  • a set number of alternate coolings for example three
  • the reason for carrying out this two-stage determination is that when a lot of foodstuffs or foodstuffs having a high heat capacity are placed in the refrigerator, the interior temperature rises and the load on the compressor 15 becomes large, and when in this state a coolant leak is mistakenly mis-determined in the first stage, if at the second stage the interior temperature has fallen it can be determined that there is no coolant leak, so that coolant leaks can be detected stably.
  • the number of door openings and closings detected by the door switches 4b to 7b exceeds a predetermined number (for example three) or the time for which a door is open exceeds a predetermined time (for example three minutes), it may be inferred that even if flammable coolant has leaked it will have flowed to outside and its concentration will have been amply diluted, and the time to the determination by the R sensor 34 may be made short, and in this case it is possible to shorten the time taken for the refrigerator to return to normal operation.
  • the time to the determination by the R sensor 34 may be made longer (for example extended by one hour); in this case, mis-detections caused by temperature rises due to door openings can be prevented and coolant leaks can be more certainly detected.
  • the defrosting heater 26 is a pipe heater or is of an explosion-proof construction with a low heating temperature, even when a coolant leakage determination is made, by defrosting of the freezer compartment evaporator 12 being carried out without control being stopped until the determination by the R sensor 34, the influence of deterioration of the interior cooling capacity caused by frosting impairment of the evaporator can be removed, and coolant leak detection can be made more certain.
  • the detection may be made a predetermined time after defrosting is completed (for example six hours after).
  • the temperature detected with a temperature sensor may alternatively be that of any other location where the cooling performance of the refrigerator 1 can be inferred, such as the refrigerator compartment temperature, the freezer compartment evaporator temperature, the refrigerator compartment evaporator temperature, a switching compartment temperature, or an ice-making compartment temperature.
  • a coolant leakage detecting device can be used for a compressor for a household refrigerator or air-conditioner.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Kühlmittelaustritterkennungsvorrichtung, aufweisend:
    einen Kühlgerätkreislauf, der mindestens einen Verdichter (15), einen Verflüssiger (21) und einen Verdampfer (10, 12) aufweist;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verdichter (15) durch einen bürstenlosen Dreiphasen-Gleichstrommotor (28) angetrieben wird;
    wobei die Kühlmittelaustritterkennungsvorrichtung ferner dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass sie aufweist:
    eine Wechselrichterschaltung (42), die dazu ausgestaltet ist, Statorwicklungen (40u, 40v, 40w) des bürstenlosen Gleichstrommotors Dreiphasen-Antriebsströme zuzuführen;
    eine PWM-Schaltung (48), die dazu ausgestaltet ist, der Wechselrichterschaltung PWM-Signale zuzuführen;
    ein Antriebsstromerfassungsmittel, das dazu ausgestaltet ist, die Dreiphasen-Antriebsströme (Iu, Iv, Iw) zu erfassen;
    ein dq-Umwandlungsmittel (52), das dazu ausgestaltet ist, die erfassten Dreiphasen-Antriebsströme in einen d-Achsen-Strom (Id), der eine Stromkomponente ist, die dem Fluss des Rotors des bürstenlosen Gleichstrommotors entspricht, und einen q-Achsen-Strom (Iq), der eine Stromkomponente ist, die dem Drehmoment des bürstenlosen Gleichstrommotors entspricht, umzuwandeln;
    ein Steuermittel (58), das dazu ausgestaltet ist, auf der Basis des umgewandelten d-Achsen-Stroms und q-Achsen-Stroms und eines Geschwindigkeitsbefehlssignals (S), das von außen eingegeben wird, einen Referenz-q-Achsen-Strom (Iqref) und einen Referenz-d-Achsen-Strom (Idref) auszugeben;
    ein Spannungsumwandlungsmittel (60, 62), das dazu ausgestaltet ist, den Referenzq-Achsen-Strom und den Referenz-d-Achsen-Strom in eine Referenz-q-Achsen-Spannung (Vq) und eine Referenz-d-Achsen-Spannung (Vd) umzuwandeln;
    ein Dreiphasenumwandlungsmittel (64), das dazu ausgestaltet ist, die umgewandelte Referenz-q-Achsen-Spannung und Referenz-d-Achsen-Spannung in Dreiphasenspannungen (Vu, Vv, Vw) umzuwandeln und sie an die PWM-Schaltung auszugeben;
    ein Leistungswertberechnungsmittel, das dazu ausgestaltet ist, aus dem Produkt des erfassten q-Achsen-Stroms und der Referenz-q-Achsen-Spannung einen Leistungswert zu berechnen; und
    ein Bestimmungsmittel (33), das dazu ausgestaltet ist, von dem Leistungswert, der durch das Leistungswertberechnungsmittel berechnet wird, einen Referenzleistungswert (Wi(to)) abzutasten, eine vorgegebene Zeit nach dem Abtasten des Referenzleistungswerts einen Leistungswert (Wi(t)) zur Bestimmung abzutasten, der durch das Leistungswertberechnungsmittel erhalten wurde, und zu bestimmen, dass ein Kühlmittelleck aufgetreten ist, wenn die Differenz zwischen dem Referenzleistungswert und dem Leistungswert zur Bestimmung über einem vorgegebenen Wert liegt.
  2. Kühlmittelaustritterkennungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sowohl ein Magnetdrehmoment als auch ein Reluktanzmoment für die Drehung des Rotors des bürstenlosen Gleichstrommotors (28) benutzt werden und bewirkt wird, dass ein negativer d-Achsen-Strom (Id) fließt, derart dass ein maximales Drehmoment erhalten wird, und das Leistungsberechnungsmittel den Leistungswert (Wi(t)) aus einem Wert berechnet, der durch Addieren des Produkts des erfassten d-Achsen-Stroms (Id) und der Referenz-d-Achsen-Spannung (Vd) zu dem Produkt des erfassten q-Achsen-Stroms (Iq) und der Referenz-q-Achsen-Spannung (Vq) erhalten wird.
  3. Kühlmittelaustritterkennungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Bestimmungsmittel (33) nach dem Abtasten des Referenzleistungswerts (Wi(to)) in festen Zeitabständen zahlreiche Leistungswerte abtastet und diese zahlreichen abgetasteten Leistungswerte mittelt, um den Leistungswert zur Bestimmung zu erhalten.
  4. Kühlgerät (1), das die Kühlmittelaustritterkennungsvorrichtung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 umfasst.
  5. Kühlgerät (1) nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Bestimmungsmittel derart ausgestaltet ist, dass das Bestimmungsmittel (33), wenn es bestimmt hat, dass ein Kühlmittelleck aufgetreten ist, Hochspannungsteile des Kühlgeräts zeitweilig stoppt, während ein Kühlen fortgesetzt wird, und nachdem ab dem Bestimmen des Kühlmittellecks eine vorgegebene Zeit verstrichen ist, die Stoppung der Hochspannungsteile gemäß der erfassten Temperatur eines Temperatursensors (34), der in dem Kühlgerät angebracht ist, aufhebt.
  6. Kühlgerät (1) nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Bestimmungsmittel derart ausgestaltet ist, dass die vorgegebene Zeit je nachdem, wie oft eine Tür (4a, 5a, 6a, 7a) des Kühlgeräts geöffnet wird, geändert wird.
EP04720265.0A 2003-09-19 2004-03-12 Vorrichtung zur erfassung von kältemittelleckage und diese verwendende kühlvorrichtung Expired - Fee Related EP1691150B1 (de)

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JP2003329149A JP2005090925A (ja) 2003-09-19 2003-09-19 冷媒漏れ検知装置及びそれを用いた冷蔵庫
PCT/JP2004/003451 WO2005028972A1 (ja) 2003-09-19 2004-03-12 冷媒漏れ検知装置及びそれを用いた冷蔵庫

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EP1691150A4 (de) 2011-07-06
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KR20060058050A (ko) 2006-05-29
CN100359264C (zh) 2008-01-02
CN1764812A (zh) 2006-04-26

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