EP1687512B1 - Turbocharger with a cleaning device - Google Patents
Turbocharger with a cleaning device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1687512B1 EP1687512B1 EP04797254.2A EP04797254A EP1687512B1 EP 1687512 B1 EP1687512 B1 EP 1687512B1 EP 04797254 A EP04797254 A EP 04797254A EP 1687512 B1 EP1687512 B1 EP 1687512B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle
- flow duct
- gas inlet
- flow
- inlet housing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/002—Cleaning of turbomachines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/40—Application in turbochargers
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of exhaust gas turbochargers.
- both the internal combustion engine and the turbocharger can be thermally overstressed.
- damage or even destruction of the valves can occur in the internal combustion engine.
- a dirt layer is deposited on the nozzle ring and on the turbine blades of a turbocharger connected to a four-stroke internal combustion engine, an increase in the pressures and the rotational speed of the turbocharger can be expected.
- both components of the internal combustion engine and the turbocharger are thermally and mechanically stressed higher, which can also lead to the destruction of the affected components.
- the axial turbine has a gas inlet housing with an outer and an inner housing wall, the latter serving to cover the turbine wheel and the shaft opposite the flow channel.
- the cleaning device consists of several arranged on the gas inlet housing of the axial turbine water injectors with reaching into the flow channel nozzles and a water pipe. At a certain degree of contamination of the axial turbine, a cleaning requirement is determined via a measuring and evaluation unit. Accordingly, water is injected into the flow channel via the nozzles arranged upstream of the guide vanes.
- the resulting water droplets are transported from the exhaust gas flow to the guide and the blades of the axial turbine and clean them of the adhering contaminants.
- sufficient cleaning of the fixed guide vanes can only be achieved if they are acted upon as completely as possible on their surface facing the exhaust gas stream with the water droplets.
- the water injectors or the nozzles must be arranged uniformly distributed over the entire circumference of the axial turbine. Accordingly, a larger number of injectors and nozzles is required, whereby such a solution is relatively complicated and therefore expensive.
- the effort to seal the gas inlet housing increases with increasing number of nozzles.
- Another problem is the arrangement of the nozzles in a region of the flow channel in which a relatively high flow velocity prevails. This creates a shallow jet of water which reaches only parts of the vanes. A sufficient cleaning is therefore not guaranteed.
- a cleaning device for the nozzle ring and the blades of the axial turbine of a turbocharger which achieves an improved cleaning effect with a reduced construction cost, is in DE 196 51 318 described. It consists of only one nozzle with at least one injection opening and a detergent feed line.
- the injection opening is arranged on any point of an imaginary circular area, which in turn by a distance upstream of the inner housing wall arranged center and is defined by a diameter.
- the center lies on an imaginary parallel surface formed at a distance from the inner housing wall. The distance corresponds to the percentage diameter of the center diameter of the nozzle ring.
- the center point is located at an intersection of the parallel surface and the perpendicularly intersecting streamline.
- the diameter of the circular area is also dependent on the average diameter of the nozzle ring, which is multiplied by a percentage.
- the injection opening of the nozzle is aligned at least approximately parallel to the tangential plane.
- the invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a cleaning device for the nozzle ring and the blades of the axial turbine of a turbocharger of the type mentioned, which achieves an improved cleaning effect with low construction costs.
- the rod-shaped nozzle projects into the flow channel.
- the cleaning agent is injected with the flow toward the nozzle ring and turbine blades.
- the tubular nozzle can be easily inserted through an opening in the gas inlet housing in the flow channel. There are no complicated leads and holes in the housing necessary.
- the nozzle is guided through existing openings, for example a wastegate opening in the gas inlet housing wall into the flow channel.
- openings are often provided on both sides, since at the time of manufacture of the housing is not known whether and on which side such a waste gate will be connected. In this way, the cleaning device can be realized very easily, even in existing systems without such cleaning.
- FIG. 1 shows a section through a radial gas inlet housing of an axial turbine of a turbocharger.
- the arrows indicate the flow direction of the exhaust gases.
- the hot exhaust gases come from below into the flow channel 2 and are guided past an inner housing wall on the nozzle ring, not shown, and then on the blades of the turbine.
- the inner housing wall 12 covers the turbine wheel.
- the inventive cleaning device is arranged upstream of the annular division of the flow, so that with a single nozzle 3 with a plurality of injection openings 32, the cleaning liquid can be distributed in the entire flow.
- the nozzle protrudes into the flow channel substantially at right angles to the flow direction of the exhaust gas.
- the nozzle is tubular, wherein the tube is advantageously closed at the end, for having one or more of said injection openings.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 show different embodiments of such nozzles with round or slot-shaped injection openings 32 and 33. Further opening shapes, such as square or rectangular, are conceivable.
- a plurality of injection openings are provided, these are advantageously arranged such that an overlap with the adjacent injection openings is ensured, and thus a further improved water distribution at the nozzle ring and the blades is achieved.
- This is inventively achieved in slot-shaped openings so that the slots are aligned at right angles to each other.
- the supply area 31 of the tubular nozzle is fastened to the gas inlet housing, for example, by means of a fastening disk 4.
- the mounting plate is fastened by means of screws or other fastening means, for example through the mounting holes on the housing wall.
- the nozzle is guided into the flow channel by openings already provided in the housing, for example the waste gate used for discharging exhaust gas from the flow channel.
- the waste gate is often provided, it is not or only used on one side, so that at least one corresponding connection flange can be used for inserting the cleaning nozzle.
- the cleaning device can be installed without additional drilling, and be retrofitted to existing turbines.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 show external views of the gas inlet housing with the inventive cleaning device, in which the nozzles are guided through the Wast gate.
- Fig. 4 shows an arrangement in which the detergent feed line is attached via the mounting plate to the wastegate flange. This arrangement has respect to the arrangement according to Fig.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Supercharger (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf das Gebiet der Abgasturbolader.The invention relates to the field of exhaust gas turbochargers.
Sie betrifft die Axialturbine eines Turboladers, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.It relates to the axial turbine of a turbocharger, according to the preamble of
Die Verwendung von Abgasturboladern zur Leistungssteigerung von Brennkraftmaschinen ist heute weit verbreitet. Dabei wird die Abgasturbine des Turboladers von den Abgasen der Brennkraftmaschine beaufschlagt und deren kinetische Energie zum Ansaugen und Verdichten von Luft für die Brennkraftmaschine verwendet. In Abhängigkeit von der konkreten Betriebssituation und der Zusammensetzung der zum Antrieb der Brennkraftmaschine verwendeten Brennstoffe kommt es in der Abgasturbine früher oder später zu einer Verschmutzung der Laufschaufeln und des Düsenrings, wobei letzterer wesentlich stärker betroffen ist. Im Schwerölbetrieb bildet sich auf dem Düsenring eine Schmutzschicht aus, deren Härte vom Arbeitsprinzip der Brennkraftmaschine abhängig ist. Allgemein führen solche Schmutzablagerungen im Bereich des Düsenrings zu einem schlechteren Turbinenwirkungsgrad und demzufolge zur Verringerung der Leistung der Brennkraftmaschine. Außer- dem kommt es zu einer Erhöhung der Abgastemperaturen im Brennraum, wodurch sowohl die Brennkraftmaschine als auch der Turbolader thermisch überbeansprucht werden können. Bei der Brennkraftmaschine kann insbesondere eine Beschädigung oder gar Zerstörung der Ventile auftreten. Lagert sich auf dem Düsenring und auf den Turbinenschaufeln eines mit einer Viertakt-Brennkraftmaschine verbundenen Turboladers eine Schmutzschicht ab, so ist mit einem Ansteigen der Drücke und der Drehzahl des Turboladers zu rechnen. Dadurch werden sowohl Bauteile der Brennkraftmaschine als auch des Turboladers thermisch und mechanisch höher beansprucht, was ebenfalls bis zur Zerstörung der betroffenen Bauteile führen kann. Bei unregelmäßiger Verteilung der Schmutzschicht am Umfang der Laufschaufeln des Turbinenrades kommt es zu einer Erhöhung der Unwucht des Rotors, wodurch auch die Lagerung beschädigt werden kann. Deshalb müssen die Düsenringe und die Laufschaufeln des Turbinenrades regelmäßig von den ihnen anhaftenden Verschmutzungen befreit werden.The use of exhaust gas turbochargers to increase the performance of internal combustion engines is now widespread. In this case, the exhaust gas turbine of the turbocharger is acted upon by the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine and their kinetic energy used for sucking and compressing air for the internal combustion engine. Depending on the actual operating situation and the composition of the fuels used to drive the internal combustion engine, sooner or later contamination of the rotor blades and the nozzle ring will occur in the exhaust gas turbine, the latter being significantly more affected. In heavy oil operation, a dirt layer forms on the nozzle ring, the hardness of which depends on the working principle of the internal combustion engine. In general, such dirt deposits in the region of the nozzle ring lead to a poorer turbine efficiency and consequently to a reduction in the power of the internal combustion engine. In addition, there is an increase in exhaust gas temperatures in the combustion chamber, as a result of which both the internal combustion engine and the turbocharger can be thermally overstressed. In particular, damage or even destruction of the valves can occur in the internal combustion engine. If a dirt layer is deposited on the nozzle ring and on the turbine blades of a turbocharger connected to a four-stroke internal combustion engine, an increase in the pressures and the rotational speed of the turbocharger can be expected. As a result, both components of the internal combustion engine and the turbocharger are thermally and mechanically stressed higher, which can also lead to the destruction of the affected components. In irregular distribution of the dirt layer on the circumference of the blades of the Turbine wheel it comes to an increase of the imbalance of the rotor, whereby the storage can be damaged. Therefore, the nozzle rings and the rotor blades of the turbine wheel must be regularly freed from their adhering dirt.
Aus
Eine Reinigungsvorrichtung für den Düsenring und die Laufschaufeln der Axialturbine eines Turboladers, welche mit einem verringertem Bauaufwand eine verbesserte Reinigungswirkung erzielt, ist in
Diese Lösung mit dem rechtwinklig zur Strömungsrichtung eingespritzten Reinigungsmittel hat sich in der Praxis nur bedingt bewährt. Das Reinigungsmittel wird teilweise gegen die Aussenwand des Gehäuses gespritzt. Dadurch kommt es zu einer ungenügenden Wasserverteilung am Düsenring und an den Laufschaufeln was wiederum die Reinigungswirkung nachteilig beeinflusst.This solution with the injected at right angles to the flow direction detergent has proven only partially in practice. The cleaning agent is partially injected against the outer wall of the housing. This leads to an insufficient water distribution at the nozzle ring and the blades, which in turn adversely affects the cleaning effect.
In derIn the
Der Erfindung liegt folglich die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Reinigungsvorrichtung für den Düsenring und die Laufschaufeln der Axialturbine eines Turboladers der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, welche bei geringem Bauaufwand eine verbesserte Reinigungswirkung erzielt.The invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a cleaning device for the nozzle ring and the blades of the axial turbine of a turbocharger of the type mentioned, which achieves an improved cleaning effect with low construction costs.
Erfindungsgemäss wird diese Aufgabe mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved with the features of
Bei der erfindungsgemässen Reinigungsvorrichtung ragt die stabförmige Düse in den Strömungskanal ein. Durch die stromab ausgerichteten Einspritzöffnungen wird das Reinigungsmittel mit der Strömung in Richtung Düsenring und Turbinenschaufeln eingespritzt.In the inventive cleaning device, the rod-shaped nozzle projects into the flow channel. By the downstream injection ports, the cleaning agent is injected with the flow toward the nozzle ring and turbine blades.
Die rohrförmige Düse lässt sich leicht durch eine Öffnung im Gaseintrittsgehäuse in den Strömungskanal einschieben. Es sind keine aufwendigen Zuleitungen und Bohrungen im Gehäuse notwendig.The tubular nozzle can be easily inserted through an opening in the gas inlet housing in the flow channel. There are no complicated leads and holes in the housing necessary.
Vorteilhafterweise wird die Düse durch vorhandene Öffnungen, beispielsweise eine Waste-Gate Öffnung in der Gaseintrittsgehäusewand in den Strömungskanal geführt. Solche Öffnungen sind oft beidseitig vorgesehen, da zum Zeitpunkt der Herstellung des Gehäuses nicht feststeht, ob und auf welcher Seite ein solches Waste-Gate angeschlossen werden wird. Auf diese Weise lässt sich die Reinigungsvorrichtung sehr einfach realisieren, selbst bei bestehenden Anlagen ohne solche Reinigung.Advantageously, the nozzle is guided through existing openings, for example a wastegate opening in the gas inlet housing wall into the flow channel. Such openings are often provided on both sides, since at the time of manufacture of the housing is not known whether and on which side such a waste gate will be connected. In this way, the cleaning device can be realized very easily, even in existing systems without such cleaning.
Weitere Vorteile ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen.Further advantages emerge from the dependent claims.
Kurze Beschreibung der Zeichnungen Im folgenden ist anhand der Figuren ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemässen Reinigungsvorrichtung schematisch dargestellt und näher erläutert. In allen Figuren sind gleichwirkende Elemente mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen. Es zeigen:
-
Fig. 1 ein Schnitt durch das Gaseintrittsgehäuse einer Turbine mit einer erfindungsgemässen Reinigungsvorrichtung, -
Fig. 2 eine Ausführungsform der Reinigungsvorrichtung aus dem Stand der Technik nachFig. 1 , -
Fig. 3 eine erfindungsgemässe Ausführungsform der Reinigungsvorrichtung nachFig. 1 , und -
Fig. 4 und5 Gesamtansichten des Gaseintrittsgehäuses nachFig. 1 .
-
Fig. 1 a section through the gas inlet housing of a turbine with a cleaning device according to the invention, -
Fig. 2 an embodiment of the cleaning device according to the prior art afterFig. 1 . -
Fig. 3 an inventive embodiment of the cleaning device according toFig. 1 , and -
Fig. 4 and5 Overall views of the gas inlet housing afterFig. 1 ,
Die erfindungsgemässe Reinigungsvorrichtung ist stromauf der ringförmigen Aufteilung der Strömung angeordnet, so dass mit einer einzigen Düse 3 mit mehreren Einspritzöffnungen 32 die Reinigungsflüssigkeit in der gesamten Strömung verteilt werden kann. Die Düse ragt im wesentlichen rechtwinklig zu der Strömungsrichtung des Abgases in den Strömungskanal. Die Düse ist rohrförmig ausgebildet, wobei das Rohr vorteilhafterweise am Ende verschlossen ist, dafür eine oder mehrere der besagten Einspritzöffnungen aufweist.
Sind mehrere Einspritzöffnungen vorgesehen, sind diese vorteilhafterweise derart angeordnet, dass eine Überdeckung mit den benachbarten Einspritzöffnungen gewährleistet ist, und somit eine weiter verbesserte Wasserverteilung am Düsenring und den Laufschaufeln erreicht wird. Dies wird erfindngsgemäss bei schlitzförmigen Öffnungen damit erreicht, dass die Schlitze rechtwinklig zueinander ausgerichtet sind.If a plurality of injection openings are provided, these are advantageously arranged such that an overlap with the adjacent injection openings is ensured, and thus a further improved water distribution at the nozzle ring and the blades is achieved. This is inventively achieved in slot-shaped openings so that the slots are aligned at right angles to each other.
Der Zuleitungsbereich 31 der rohrförmigen Düse wird beispielsweise mittels einer Befestigungsscheibe 4 am Gaseintrittsgehäuse befestigt. Die Befestigungsscheibe wird mittels Schrauben oder anderen Befestigungsmitteln beispielsweise durch die Befestigungsöffnungen an der Gehäusewand befestigt.The
Vorteilhafterweise wird die Düse durch bereits im Gehäuse vorgesehene Öffnungen, beispielsweise das zum Abführen von Abgas aus dem Strömungskanal verwendete Waste-Gate, in den Strömungskanal geführt. Das Waste-Gate ist oftmals zwar vorgesehen, wird jedoch nicht oder nur einseitig genutzt, so dass mindestens ein entsprechender Anschlussflansch für den Einschub der Reinigungsdüse verwendet werden kann. Somit kann die Reinigungsvorrichtung ohne zusätzliche Bohrung angebracht werden, und auch an bestehenden Turbinen nachgerüstet werden. Die
Claims (5)
- Axial turbine of a turbocharger, having a gas inlet housing (1), having a turbine wheel with rotor blades, having a flow duct (2), which is formed in the gas inlet housing (1), for the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine which is connected to the turbocharger, having a nozzle ring which is arranged upstream of the rotor blades in the flow duct (2), and having a cleaning device (3) which is arranged further upstream and which opens into the flow duct (2), wherein
the flow duct is divided into a ring shape upstream of the nozzle ring, and the cleaning device (3) is composed of a nozzle (31) with at least one injection opening (32, 33) and of a cleaning agent feed line (34), and
the nozzle (3) is of rod-like form and projects into the flow duct (2) through an opening in the gas inlet housing (1) upstream of the division of the flow duct, characterized in that
the at least one nozzle (3) comprises multiple slot-like injection openings (32, 33) which are oriented in a flow direction, such that the cleaning agent can be injected into the flow duct (2) in the flow direction, and in that the injection openings are at least partially arranged at right angles to one another. - Axial turbine according to Claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle (3) is arranged in the flow duct (2) at right angles to the flow lines (21).
- Axial turbine according to Claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle (3) comprises multiple injection openings (32, 33), and in that the injection openings (32, 33) are oriented such that the cleaning agent can be injected into the flow duct (2) both in the flow direction and at an acute angle with respect to the flow direction.
- Axial turbine according to either of Claims 1 and 3, characterized in that a fastening disk (4) is attached to the nozzle rod (3), and in that the nozzle rod (3) is fastened by way of the fastening disk (4) to the gas inlet housing (1).
- Axial turbine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one opening for the discharge of exhaust gas is provided on the gas inlet housing (1), and in that the nozzle (3) is led into the flow duct (2) through said gas discharge opening.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2003155105 DE10355105A1 (en) | 2003-11-24 | 2003-11-24 | cleaning device |
PCT/CH2004/000697 WO2005049972A1 (en) | 2003-11-24 | 2004-11-19 | Cleaning device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1687512A1 EP1687512A1 (en) | 2006-08-09 |
EP1687512B1 true EP1687512B1 (en) | 2016-09-28 |
Family
ID=34530307
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04797254.2A Expired - Fee Related EP1687512B1 (en) | 2003-11-24 | 2004-11-19 | Turbocharger with a cleaning device |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1687512B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2007533899A (en) |
DE (1) | DE10355105A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005049972A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102005028296B4 (en) * | 2005-06-18 | 2007-03-29 | Man Diesel Se | Exhaust gas turbocharger for an internal combustion engine |
JP4650233B2 (en) * | 2005-11-24 | 2011-03-16 | 株式会社Ihi | Turbocharger |
GB2459314B (en) * | 2008-04-17 | 2012-12-12 | Cummins Turbo Tech Ltd | Turbocharger cleaning |
US8602721B2 (en) * | 2009-12-02 | 2013-12-10 | Wartsila Finland Oy | Method of operating turbocharged piston engine |
DE102011082089A1 (en) | 2011-09-02 | 2013-03-07 | Abb Turbo Systems Ag | Cleaning device of an exhaust gas turbine |
EP2781699B1 (en) | 2013-03-19 | 2018-05-02 | ABB Turbo Systems AG | Cleaning device of an exhaust gas turbine |
DE102017218425A1 (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2019-04-18 | Lufthansa Technik Ag | Device for cleaning turbine blades of a jet engine |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1565778A (en) * | 1925-12-15 | Carbon-removing attachment for internal-combustion engines | ||
CH350065A (en) * | 1956-06-16 | 1960-11-15 | Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag | Procedure for keeping centrifugal compressors clean |
DE2008503A1 (en) * | 1969-07-28 | 1971-02-11 | VEB Bergmann Borsig/Gorlitzer Ma schinenbau, Werk Berlin, Berlin | Device for washing the blades of gas turbines |
SE387720B (en) * | 1974-12-30 | 1976-09-13 | Stal Laval Turbin Ab | WASHER FOR WASH STEP COMPRESSOR |
CH615987A5 (en) * | 1976-07-23 | 1980-02-29 | Sulzer Ag | Injection valve for a turbocharger-washing device |
DE2641425A1 (en) * | 1976-09-15 | 1978-03-16 | Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag | Turbine cleaning machine with liq. dispensing nozzles - has spring biased protective cover over nozzle orifices movable only by pressure of cleaning liq. |
DE3220081C1 (en) * | 1982-05-28 | 1987-07-09 | M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG, 8900 Augsburg | Device for cleaning turbines, in particular exhaust turbochargers on internal combustion engines |
US4548040A (en) * | 1984-05-11 | 1985-10-22 | Elliott Turbomachinery Company, Inc. | Method and apparatus for determining when to initiate cleaning of turbocharger turbine blades |
DE3526343A1 (en) * | 1985-07-23 | 1987-02-05 | Proizv Ob Turbomotornyj Z Im K | Axial flow gas turbine |
JP3547522B2 (en) * | 1995-05-17 | 2004-07-28 | 新潟原動機株式会社 | Exhaust turbine supercharger cleaning equipment |
DE19549142A1 (en) * | 1995-12-29 | 1997-07-03 | Asea Brown Boveri | Method and device for wet cleaning the nozzle ring of an exhaust gas turbocharger turbine |
DE19651318A1 (en) * | 1996-12-11 | 1998-06-18 | Asea Brown Boveri | Axial turbine of a turbocharger |
-
2003
- 2003-11-24 DE DE2003155105 patent/DE10355105A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-11-19 EP EP04797254.2A patent/EP1687512B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-11-19 WO PCT/CH2004/000697 patent/WO2005049972A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-11-19 JP JP2006540132A patent/JP2007533899A/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1687512A1 (en) | 2006-08-09 |
DE10355105A1 (en) | 2005-06-02 |
JP2007533899A (en) | 2007-11-22 |
WO2005049972A1 (en) | 2005-06-02 |
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