EP1652408B1 - Electric heating system - Google Patents

Electric heating system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1652408B1
EP1652408B1 EP04767518A EP04767518A EP1652408B1 EP 1652408 B1 EP1652408 B1 EP 1652408B1 EP 04767518 A EP04767518 A EP 04767518A EP 04767518 A EP04767518 A EP 04767518A EP 1652408 B1 EP1652408 B1 EP 1652408B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
thermostat
heating system
control device
identification
signals
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04767518A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1652408A1 (en
Inventor
Detlef Mann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE10334756A external-priority patent/DE10334756B3/en
Application filed by Saint Gobain Glass France SAS, Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA filed Critical Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Priority to PL04767518T priority Critical patent/PL1652408T3/en
Publication of EP1652408A1 publication Critical patent/EP1652408A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1652408B1 publication Critical patent/EP1652408B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1096—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for electric heating systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric heating system having the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • thermostats room temperature controllers
  • a set temperature can be set which is compared with the actual temperature measured in a room to be heated.
  • control signals are transmitted wirelessly by the thermostats to the heating bodies or their control devices, for example by means of a radio remote control.
  • the heating elements can be connected directly to the power supply via radio-controlled plugs or adapters, and the radio control of the room thermostats acts on the switch plugs to control switching on or off. shutdown of the heating bodies.
  • the same source also describes the option of providing on the heating bodies themselves radio receiver control devices which provide direct control of the heating power as a function of the signals of the radio-transmitted thermostat.
  • a heating body controlled by radio waves is for example described in the document US 5,272,477 .
  • thermostats Prior to commissioning, a unambiguous functional relationship must be established between a thermostat and the receiver provided on the heater and / or the controller by matching them to each other. This avoids in an environment of several premises that the heating bodies are inadvertently controlled by "foreign" thermostats.
  • the object of the invention is, in a heating system having the generic characteristics, to provide a particularly simple and intelligible tuning to be used between a heating element or its individual control device with the receiver on the one hand, and a room thermostat on the other hand.
  • the learning operation (in "learn-enable" mode) with a view to establishing a unambiguous functional relationship between a thermostat arranged in a compact housing and an associated control device to a heating body, including the receiver, is, according to the invention, based on a mutual spatial or physical mutual. Therefore, in particular, it is essential to avoid an erroneous agreement between a heating body and a "bad" thermostat, when the system comprises several.
  • the thermostat can be provided with an autonomous power supply (batteries, accumulators). Therefore, it is not connected to a physical conductor but is mobile and can therefore be placed anywhere in the room.
  • the invention takes advantage of it.
  • the direction in which the identification signals are transmitted is therefore basically indifferent, and it can therefore go from the thermostat to the control device / heating body or vice versa.
  • the first possibility is preferred, however, because the thermostat necessarily includes an emitter for transmitting the heating or power control signals. This transmitter can advantageously also transmit the identification signals. Therefore, it is not excluded to use another transmitter or other means for the transmission of identification (system).
  • This method is also advantageous because, if necessary, several heating bodies located in one or more rooms can be controlled by a single thermostat. Indeed, if in this case, we wanted to place in the thermostat an individual identification of each heater, they should have several memory locations that should be able to be interrogated individually. This could result in complicated and difficult to understand command for laypersons.
  • each heating body if it is provided in each heating body a single memory location for the identification of a thermostat, it is very simple to establish an unambiguous working relationship between these two devices.
  • the thermostat comprises in any case control elements for setting parameters, for example the set temperature, the on or off times, etc., these elements can advantageously also be used to activate the mode. transmitted to transmit the identification signals. Normally, this last operation does not occur very frequently. Therefore, a special actuation, for example the simultaneous depressing of two keys or the like, can trigger the transmission of the identification.
  • This mode is preferably automatically limited to a predetermined time interval during which it is then necessary to bring the thermostat of the control device of the heating body.
  • the identification signals will in any case also be appropriately associated with the normal control signals (for example superimposing or emitting them before or after them), so that the receiver provided in the control device "knows” that it is requested by the thermostat concerned. Therefore, even when the learning operation is activated, it is possible to simply transmit a "normal" command and power signal whose identification part is separated by filtration and kept in permanent memory.
  • the control device In any case, it is advantageous, for simplicity of use, to indicate on the heating body or the control device the location of which the thermostat must be approached for the learning operation. This location will normally be located near the electrical connections (power) of the heating body that are provided anyway, when the receiver is placed directly on the heating body. If the control device with the receiver is arranged separately from the heating element, for example in its power supply line and / or on the connection or connection box to which the heating element is connected, the control device shall be provided with a corresponding identification.
  • a transmission in which no galvanic connection of current conduction is established between the thermostat and the heating body even if the thermostat is placed in a defined location of the heating body or the device order must also be considered as contactless.
  • heating bodies consisting of panes with electrically conductive and heatable layers are used. These heating bodies may be transparent and include in particular a limited connection zone visible from the outside. In a preferred embodiment of these heating bodies, this zone is also that from which the thermostat must be approached for the transmission of the identification signals. Special marking on an outer surface of the glass heater is then not necessary, even if the connection area is provided on the flat side not facing the user.
  • control device of each heating body is separated therefrom, preferably being disposed on the fixed connection location.
  • the thermostat must be approached from a location of the control device possibly provided with a registration in order to introduce the mutual agreement.
  • non-volatile means in particular that the identification stored in memory is not lost in the event of a power failure or disconnection of the heating body of the network. It is also the same for the storage of the identification in the thermostat, which must also be kept in permanent memory so that the contents of the memory is kept in case of disappearance of the working voltage or replacement batteries or accumulators.
  • each successful read operation is clearly reported to the operator. This can be done preferably by acoustic and / or optical means. A failure of the transmission of the identification may also possibly be signaled to invite the operator to repeat it. For this purpose, for example, green and red light-emitting diodes can be provided.
  • the drawing illustrates, in highly simplified representation, in the figure 1 , a connection diagram and functional which takes the components of the heating system and its control which are essential for a more precise description of the invention; in the figure 2 , a view of a configuration of the heating system with a spatially separated arrangement of a heating body and its control.
  • an electric heating body 1 of which only a portion is shown is connected to an external supply voltage U, preferably at the usual voltage of the country's network.
  • U an external supply voltage
  • a heating element only a heating resistor 2 is shown here.
  • the latter is controlled by a power switching element 3 which, for its part, can connect and disconnect several power stages and possibly, unlike the representation, several heating resistors.
  • the switching element 3 is itself managed by a regulating element 4 (in the simplest case, an on / off command).
  • the regulation element 4 receives setpoint signals from a receiver element 5.
  • Control signals (here represented by an arrow) for maintaining a predetermined temperature of the room are sent without contact to the latter by a thermostat 6 or a transmitter 7 which is incorporated therein.
  • the thermostat 6 has an independent power supply voltage (batteries or accumulators, for example) which is not shown here in detail. It also has a digital display 8 which presents information on the management of electric heating and which preferably works as multifunction display. Below the display 8 are provided several actuating elements, for the manual adjustment for example of the set temperature, date, time, etc. The associated switching elements are imposed by the state of the art and are therefore not shown or explained in more detail.
  • the thermostat 6 still contains a permanent magnet 9.
  • a switch 10 normally open and able to be actuated magnetically, which can be closed when approaching the permanent magnet 9, is provided according to the invention. invention in or on the heating body.
  • a signal from the receiver 5 is brought to a connection of this switch 10 whose other connection is connected to an input of a memory element 11 (non-ephemeral, ie an element storing the information permanently).
  • a marker 12 by which the operator recognizes the location near which it must approach the thermostat 6 to close the switch 10 is provided on the outside of the heater.
  • a display element 13 is still associated with the memory element 11.
  • the elements 3, 4, 5, 10 and 11 are the essential components of the electrical control of the heating body and are optically joined by a dashed frame to form a control unit or a control device S.
  • This control device is itself arranged according to the figure 1 in or on the heating body 1, but can also be mounted at a distance therefrom.
  • This last variant is illustrated schematically in the figure 2 .
  • the heater 1 is placed in a sketched room only and is connected via a cable connection to a power supply (connection or connection box).
  • Said cable connection 15 starts from a control device S mounted independently of the heating element 1 on a wall of the room.
  • This controller may be attached to the wall (junction box) or may be combined with a connector for a junction box.
  • control device could also, while retaining the same functionality, be arranged in the form of a movable member, movable, in the middle of the cable connection, if sufficient reception security for the Switching and control signals are guaranteed.
  • it is provided on its outer face facing the local of a location 12 which has the same function as the location 12 on the heating body according to the figure 1 .
  • the thermostat 6 is located anywhere in the room or even outside, whose functional relationship / radio link to the control device S is indicated by a double arrow.
  • the thermostat 6 or, as the case may be, its emitter 7 are connected in the emission mode of its characteristic. As already indicated, this can be activated by a special actuation, explained in the instructions for use, of one or more control elements of the thermostat 6.
  • the thermostat 6 is then brought closer to the magnet 9 of the mark 12 of the heating body 1 or the control device S and thus the switch 10. The latter closes; this activates a "learn-enable" mode of the memory element 11.
  • the receiver 5 provided on the heating body or in the control device S receives the signals emitted by the transmitter 7 during the learning operation and they contain at least the characteristic identification of the thermostat 6.
  • the receiver 5 comprises a signal separation (filter, ...) which is capable of distinguishing the identification signals from the normal control signals.
  • the identification is then brought to the memory element 11 by a separate output and the switch 10 closed. This memory element then modifies its contents and applies the latter to its output.
  • the display device 13 is activated when the same signal is applied to the input and the output of the memory element 11.
  • the thermostat can then again be moved away from the heating element 1 and the transmission can be interrupted. .
  • the switch 10 closes and thus separates the input of the memory element 11 from the signal flow.
  • the receiving element 5 passes the received signals (and thus the identification signals plus the control signals) to a comparison stage 14 which is connected upstream of the input of the control element 4.
  • the output signal of the control element memory 11 which corresponds to the identification of the thermostat is also applied.
  • the comparison stage 14 must therefore check whether the control signals which are brought to it have a corresponding identification part, in other words, if they come from the "correct" thermostat. Signals that come without contact from a thermostat not registered in the memory element 11 are ignored by the control of the heating element 1.
  • the "learn-enable" mode of the memory element 11 can also be activated by other means, for example by inductive or capacitive coupling. These means can even allow a direct transfer of the identification in the memory element 11 as soon as the thermostat placed in emission mode is approached to the appropriate location of the heating body.
  • modifying or updating the contents of the memory could also be used for a direct feedback of the memory element 11 to the thermostat 6.
  • it could be used, for example a transponder adapted to be activated by the memory element 11. The latter can return the reading or, as the case may be, the modification of the content of the memory with a response signal to a corresponding receiving element provided in the thermostat which for its part interrupts the transmission mode of the identification.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
  • Mounting, Exchange, And Manufacturing Of Dies (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Electric Ovens (AREA)
  • Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an electric heating system. The inventive system comprises at least one heating body (1) which converts current into heat and at least one thermostat (6) which is disposed in a case. According to the invention, signals from the thermostat, which are intended to connect and/or control the heating power of the heating body (1) in a contactless manner, in particular by means of radio waves, can be transmitted to a receiver (5) of a control device (S) which is individually allocated to the heating body (1). Moreover, a functional relationship can be established between the thermostat and the control device with the transmission and reading of identification signals, owing to the fact that means (9, 10) are provided in the thermostat (6) and/or on the control device (S) that can be activated when moved closer together, in order to transmit and/or read the identification signals in a learn-enable operation. In addition to the receiver, the control device can be disposed on the heating body or at a distance from same in the power source thereof.

Description

L'invention concerne un système de chauffage électrique qui présente les caractéristiques du préambule de la revendication 1.The invention relates to an electric heating system having the features of the preamble of claim 1.

On connaît des systèmes de chauffage dotés de corps de chauffe électriques et de régulateurs de température du local (thermostats). Sur ces régulateurs, on peut régler une température de consigne qui est comparée à la température effective mesurée dans un local à chauffer. Dans certains systèmes, les signaux de commande sont transmis sans fil par les thermostats aux corps de chauffe ou à leurs dispositifs de commande, par exemple à l'aide d'une commande à distance par radio.There are known heating systems with electric heating bodies and room temperature controllers (thermostats). On these controllers, a set temperature can be set which is compared with the actual temperature measured in a room to be heated. In some systems, the control signals are transmitted wirelessly by the thermostats to the heating bodies or their control devices, for example by means of a radio remote control.

Uniquement à titre d'exemple et sans aucun jugement de valeur, on peut se référer à l'offre donnée à l'adresse Internent :

  • http://weno-elektroheizungen.de/Steuerung.htm (dans son état de mars 2004) sous "Funkthermostaten".
Only as an example and without any value judgment, we can refer to the offer given to the Internet address:
  • http://weno-elektroheizungen.de/Steuerung.htm (as of March 2004) under "Funkthermostaten".

Les corps de chauffe peuvent d'après cela être raccordés directement au réseau de courant par des fiches ou adaptateurs à commande radio, et la commande radio des thermostats de locaux agit sur les fiches de commutation pour commander la mise en marche ou la mise à l'arrêt des corps de chauffe. La même source décrit également l'option qui consiste à prévoir sur les corps de chauffe proprement dits des dispositifs de commande à récepteurs radio qui assurent une commande directe de la puissance de chauffage en fonction des signaux du thermostat transmis par radio. Un corps de chauffe piloté par ondes radio est par exemple décrit dans le document US 5 272 477 .Depending on this, the heating elements can be connected directly to the power supply via radio-controlled plugs or adapters, and the radio control of the room thermostats acts on the switch plugs to control switching on or off. shutdown of the heating bodies. The same source also describes the option of providing on the heating bodies themselves radio receiver control devices which provide direct control of the heating power as a function of the signals of the radio-transmitted thermostat. A heating body controlled by radio waves is for example described in the document US 5,272,477 .

Avant leur mise en service, il faut établir un rapport fonctionnel univoque entre un thermostat et le récepteur prévu sur le corps de chauffe et/ou le dispositif de commande en les accordant l'un à l'autre. On évite ainsi dans un environnement de plusieurs locaux que les corps de chauffe soient commandés de façon intempestive par des thermostats "étrangers".Prior to commissioning, a unambiguous functional relationship must be established between a thermostat and the receiver provided on the heater and / or the controller by matching them to each other. This avoids in an environment of several premises that the heating bodies are inadvertently controlled by "foreign" thermostats.

L'invention a pour objet, dans un système de chauffage ayant les caractéristiques génériques, de prévoir une mise en accord particulièrement simple et intelligible à utiliser entre un corps de chauffe ou son dispositif de commande individuel avec le récepteur d'une part, et un thermostat de local d'autre part.The object of the invention is, in a heating system having the generic characteristics, to provide a particularly simple and intelligible tuning to be used between a heating element or its individual control device with the receiver on the one hand, and a room thermostat on the other hand.

Selon invention, ce problème est résolu avec les caractéristiques de la revendication 1. Les caractéristiques des revendications dépendantes donnent des développements avantageux de cette invention.According to the invention, this problem is solved with the features of claim 1. The features of the dependent claims provide advantageous developments of this invention.

En tenant compte d'un actionnement particulièrement évident, l'opération d'apprentissage (en mode "learn-enable" - apprentissage) en vue d'établir un rapport fonctionnel univoque entre un thermostat disposé dans un boîtier compact et un dispositif de commande associé à un corps de chauffe, y compris le récepteur, est, selon l'invention, fondée sur un rapprochement spatial ou physique mutuel. De ce fait, on évite en particulier essentiellement une mise en accord erronée entre un corps de chauffe et un "mauvais" thermostat , lorsque le système en comprend plusieurs.Taking into account a particularly obvious actuation, the learning operation (in "learn-enable" mode) with a view to establishing a unambiguous functional relationship between a thermostat arranged in a compact housing and an associated control device to a heating body, including the receiver, is, according to the invention, based on a mutual spatial or physical mutual. Therefore, in particular, it is essential to avoid an erroneous agreement between a heating body and a "bad" thermostat, when the system comprises several.

Dans un système de transmission sans contact des signaux réguliers de commande du thermostat aux corps de chauffe ou à leurs dispositifs de commande individuels, le thermostat peut être doté d'une alimentation autonome en énergie (batteries, accumulateurs). Par conséquent, il n'est pas relié à un conducteur physique mais est mobile et peut par conséquent être placé en un endroit quelconque du local. L'invention en tire profit.In a non-contact transmission system of regular control signals from the thermostat to the heating bodies or their individual control devices, the thermostat can be provided with an autonomous power supply (batteries, accumulators). Therefore, it is not connected to a physical conductor but is mobile and can therefore be placed anywhere in the room. The invention takes advantage of it.

La direction dans laquelle les signaux d'identification sont transmis est alors fondamentalement indifférente, et elle peut donc aller du thermostat au dispositif de commande/corps de chauffe ou inversement. La première possibilité est cependant préférée, parce que le thermostat comprend nécessairement un émetteur pour émettre les signaux de commande de chauffage ou de puissance. Cet émetteur peut avantageusement émettre également les signaux d'identification. Par conséquent, il n'est cependant pas exclu d'utiliser un autre émetteur ou d'autres moyens pour la transmission de l'identification (du système).The direction in which the identification signals are transmitted is therefore basically indifferent, and it can therefore go from the thermostat to the control device / heating body or vice versa. The first possibility is preferred, however, because the thermostat necessarily includes an emitter for transmitting the heating or power control signals. This transmitter can advantageously also transmit the identification signals. Therefore, it is not excluded to use another transmitter or other means for the transmission of identification (system).

Ce procédé est également avantageux parce qu'en cas de besoin, plusieurs corps de chauffe situés dans un ou plusieurs locaux peuvent être commandés par un seul et même thermostat. En effet, si dans ce cas, on voulait placer dans le thermostat une identification individuelle de chaque corps de chauffe, ces derniers devraient disposer de plusieurs emplacements de mémoire qui devraient de plus pouvoir être interrogés individuellement. Cela pourrait entraîner une commande compliquée et difficilement intelligible pour des profanes.This method is also advantageous because, if necessary, several heating bodies located in one or more rooms can be controlled by a single thermostat. Indeed, if in this case, we wanted to place in the thermostat an individual identification of each heater, they should have several memory locations that should be able to be interrogated individually. This could result in complicated and difficult to understand command for laypersons.

En revanche, si l'on prévoit dans chaque corps de chauffe un seul emplacement de mémoire pour l'identification d'un thermostat, il est très simple d'établir une relation de travail univoque entre ces deux appareils.On the other hand, if it is provided in each heating body a single memory location for the identification of a thermostat, it is very simple to establish an unambiguous working relationship between these two devices.

Comme en outre, le thermostat comprend de toute manière des éléments de commande pour le réglage de paramètres, par exemple la température de consigne, les temps de marche ou d'arrêt, etc., ces éléments peuvent avantageusement être également utilisés pour activer le mode d'émission prévu pour émettre les signaux d'identification. Normalement, cette dernière opération ne s'effectue pas très fréquemment. Par conséquent, un actionnement spécial, par exemple l'enfoncement simultané de deux touches ou similaires, peut déclencher la transmission de l'identification. Ce mode est de préférence limité automatiquement à un intervalle de temps prédéterminé pendant lequel il faut alors rapprocher le thermostat du dispositif de commande du corps de chauffe.As furthermore, the thermostat comprises in any case control elements for setting parameters, for example the set temperature, the on or off times, etc., these elements can advantageously also be used to activate the mode. transmitted to transmit the identification signals. Normally, this last operation does not occur very frequently. Therefore, a special actuation, for example the simultaneous depressing of two keys or the like, can trigger the transmission of the identification. This mode is preferably automatically limited to a predetermined time interval during which it is then necessary to bring the thermostat of the control device of the heating body.

Les signaux d'identification seront de toute manière également associés de manière appropriée aux signaux normaux de commande (par exemple en les superposant ou en les émettant avant ou après ceux-ci), pour que le récepteur prévu dans le dispositif de commande "sache" qu'il est sollicité par le thermostat concerné. Par conséquent, même lorsque l'opération d'apprentissage est activée, on peut transmettre simplement un signal "normal" de commande et de puissance dont la partie d'identification est séparée par filtration et conservée en mémoire permanente.The identification signals will in any case also be appropriately associated with the normal control signals (for example superimposing or emitting them before or after them), so that the receiver provided in the control device "knows" that it is requested by the thermostat concerned. Therefore, even when the learning operation is activated, it is possible to simply transmit a "normal" command and power signal whose identification part is separated by filtration and kept in permanent memory.

En tout cas, il est avantageux, pour simplifier l'utilisation, d'indiquer sur le corps de chauffe ou le dispositif de commande l'emplacement duquel le thermostat doit être approché pour l'opération d'apprentissage. Cet emplacement sera normalement situé à proximité des raccordements électriques (de puissance) du corps de chauffe qui sont prévus de toute façon, lorsque le récepteur est disposé directement sur le corps de chauffe. Si le dispositif de commande avec le récepteur est disposé séparément du corps de chauffe, par exemple dans sa ligne d'alimentation électrique et/ou sur la boîte de connexion ou de raccordement à laquelle le corps de chauffe est raccordé, le dispositif de commande devra être pourvu d'un repérage correspondant.In any case, it is advantageous, for simplicity of use, to indicate on the heating body or the control device the location of which the thermostat must be approached for the learning operation. This location will normally be located near the electrical connections (power) of the heating body that are provided anyway, when the receiver is placed directly on the heating body. If the control device with the receiver is arranged separately from the heating element, for example in its power supply line and / or on the connection or connection box to which the heating element is connected, the control device shall be provided with a corresponding identification.

Selon l'invention, dans le cas d'une transmission sans contact des signaux d'identification du thermostat au corps de chauffe ou au dispositif de commande pendant l'opération d'apprentissage, des organes de commutation sensibles à l'approche permettent l'opération de lecture. Pour toutes les solutions selon l'invention, il est essentiel que l'opération de lecture ou d'écriture ne puisse avoir lieu qu'en dessous d'une distance physique maximale entre le thermostat et le corps de chauffe ou son dispositif de commande. Dans ce but, on envisage fondamentalement tous les systèmes disponibles, que ce soit des commutateurs de type Reed qui peuvent être commandés par un aimant prévu dans le boîtier du thermostat ou des organes d'accouplement inductifs ou capacitifs qui peuvent être activés dans un parcours de transmission directe des signaux d'identification.According to the invention, in the case of a non-contact transmission of the identification signals from the thermostat to the heating body or to the control device during the learning operation, approach sensitive switching devices allow the read operation. For all the solutions according to the invention, it is essential that the reading or writing operation can take place only below a maximum physical distance between the thermostat and the heating body or its control device. For this purpose, basically all available systems are considered, whether Reed type switches that can be controlled by a magnet provided in the thermostat housing or inductive or capacitive coupling members that can be activated in a circuit of direct transmission of identification signals.

A cet égard, il faut remarquer qu'une transmission, dans laquelle aucune liaison galvanique de conduction du courant n'est établie entre le thermostat et le corps de chauffe même si le thermostat est placé en un emplacement défini du corps de chauffe ou du dispositif de commande, doit également être considérée comme étant sans contact.In this respect, it should be noted that a transmission, in which no galvanic connection of current conduction is established between the thermostat and the heating body even if the thermostat is placed in a defined location of the heating body or the device order must also be considered as contactless.

Dans un mode de réalisation du système de chauffage, on utilise des corps de chauffe constitués de vitres dotées de couches électriquement conductrices et aptes à être chauffées. Ces corps de chauffe peuvent être transparents et comprennent en particulier une zone limitée de raccordement visible de l'extérieur.
Dans un mode de réalisation préféré de ces corps de chauffe, cette zone est également celle de laquelle le thermostat doit être approché pour la transmission des signaux d'identification. Un repérage spécial sur une surface extérieure du corps de chauffe en verre n'est alors pas nécessaire, même si la zone de raccordement est prévue sur le côté plat non tourné vers l'utilisateur.In one embodiment of the heating system, heating bodies consisting of panes with electrically conductive and heatable layers are used. These heating bodies may be transparent and include in particular a limited connection zone visible from the outside.
In a preferred embodiment of these heating bodies, this zone is also that from which the thermostat must be approached for the transmission of the identification signals. Special marking on an outer surface of the glass heater is then not necessary, even if the connection area is provided on the flat side not facing the user.

Dans une autre configuration du système de chauffage, le dispositif de commande de chaque corps de chauffe est séparé de celui-ci, de préférence en étant disposé sur l'emplacement de raccordement fixe. Dans ce cas, le thermostat doit être approché d'un emplacement du dispositif de commande éventuellement pourvu d'un repérage afin d'introduire la mise en accord mutuelle.In another configuration of the heating system, the control device of each heating body is separated therefrom, preferably being disposed on the fixed connection location. In this case, the thermostat must be approached from a location of the control device possibly provided with a registration in order to introduce the mutual agreement.

Au lieu d'une transmission de l'identification sans contact, on peut évidemment aussi prévoir une transmission de l'identification par contact (galvanique). Cela nécessiterait de prévoir sur le boîtier du thermostat et sur le corps de chauffe et/ou sur le dispositif de commande des surfaces de contact appropriées qui permettent leur mise en contact galvanique.Instead of a transmission of the identification without contact, it is obviously also possible to provide a transmission of the identification by contact (galvanic). This would require providing on the thermostat housing and on the heating body and / or on the control device appropriate contact surfaces that allow their contacting galvanic.

Comme matériel électronique sur le corps de chauffe ou le dispositif de commande, on prévoira, en plus d'un récepteur (antenne, amplificateur) et d'un élément de commutation ou d'accouplement, une mémoire programmable de lecture dans laquelle l'identification peut être placée de manière non volatile tout en pouvant être effacée (EPROM). Le terme "non volatil" signifie en particulier que l'identification mise en mémoire ne se perd pas en cas de panne de courant ou de débranchement du corps de chauffe du réseau. Il en va par ailleurs de même pour la mise en mémoire de l'identification dans le thermostat, qui doit également être conservée en mémoire permanente de telle sorte que le contenu de la mémoire soit conservé en cas de disparition de la tension de travail ou remplacement des batteries ou des accumulateurs.As electronic equipment on the heating body or the control device, provision shall be made, in more than one receiver (antenna, amplifier) and a switching or coupling element, a programmable read memory in which the identification can be set nonvolatile while being erasable (EPROM). The term "non-volatile" means in particular that the identification stored in memory is not lost in the event of a power failure or disconnection of the heating body of the network. It is also the same for the storage of the identification in the thermostat, which must also be kept in permanent memory so that the contents of the memory is kept in case of disappearance of the working voltage or replacement batteries or accumulators.

Pour la commodité de l'utilisation, il est avantageux que chaque opération de lecture réussie soit signalée à l'opérateur de manière claire. Cela peut s'effectuer de préférence par des moyens acoustiques et/ou optiques. Une échec de la transmission de l'identification peut également être éventuellement signalisé pour inviter l'opérateur à la répéter. Dans ce but, on peut prévoir par exemple des diodes luminescentes vertes et rouges.For convenience of use, it is advantageous that each successful read operation is clearly reported to the operator. This can be done preferably by acoustic and / or optical means. A failure of the transmission of the identification may also possibly be signaled to invite the operator to repeat it. For this purpose, for example, green and red light-emitting diodes can be provided.

D'autres détails et avantages de l'objet de l'invention ressortent du dessin d'un exemple de réalisation et de sa description donnée ci-dessous.Other details and advantages of the subject of the invention appear from the drawing of an exemplary embodiment and its description given below.

Le dessin illustre, en représentation fortement simplifiée, dans la figure 1, un schéma de raccordement et fonctionnel qui reprend les composants du système de chauffage et de sa commande qui sont essentiels pour une description plus précise de l'invention ; dans la figure 2, une vue d'une configuration du système de chauffage avec un agencement séparé spatialement d'un corps de chauffe et de sa commande.The drawing illustrates, in highly simplified representation, in the figure 1 , a connection diagram and functional which takes the components of the heating system and its control which are essential for a more precise description of the invention; in the figure 2 , a view of a configuration of the heating system with a spatially separated arrangement of a heating body and its control.

Conformément à la figure 1, un corps électrique de chauffe 1 dont seule une partie est représentée est relié à une tension externe d'alimentation U, de préférence à la tension habituelle du réseau du pays. Comme élément de chauffe, on n'a représenté ici qu'une résistance de chauffage 2. Cette dernière est commandée par un élément 3 de commutation de puissance qui pour sa part peut brancher et débrancher plusieurs étages de puissance et éventuellement, à la différence de la représentation, plusieurs résistances de chauffage. L'élément de commutation 3 est lui-même géré par un élément de régulation 4 (dans le cas le plus simple, une commande de marche/arrêt). Par une entrée, l'élément de régulation 4 reçoit des signaux de consigne d'un élément récepteur 5. Des signaux de commande (qui sont ici représentés par une flèche) en vue du maintien d'une température prédéterminée du local, sont envoyés sans contact à ce dernier par un thermostat 6 ou un émetteur 7 qui y est incorporé.In accordance with the figure 1 an electric heating body 1 of which only a portion is shown is connected to an external supply voltage U, preferably at the usual voltage of the country's network. As a heating element, only a heating resistor 2 is shown here. The latter is controlled by a power switching element 3 which, for its part, can connect and disconnect several power stages and possibly, unlike the representation, several heating resistors. The switching element 3 is itself managed by a regulating element 4 (in the simplest case, an on / off command). Through an input, the regulation element 4 receives setpoint signals from a receiver element 5. Control signals (here represented by an arrow) for maintaining a predetermined temperature of the room are sent without contact to the latter by a thermostat 6 or a transmitter 7 which is incorporated therein.

Le thermostat 6 dispose d'une alimentation autonome en tension (batteries ou accumulateurs, par exemple) qui n'est pas représentée ici en détail. Il présente de plus un affichage numérique 8 qui présente des informations sur la gestion du chauffage électrique et qui travaille de préférence comme affichage multifonctions. En dessous de l'affichage 8 sont prévus plusieurs éléments d'actionnement, pour le réglage manuel par exemple de la température de consigne, de la date, de l'heure, etc. Les éléments de commutation associés sont imposés par l'état de la technique et ne sont donc ni représentés ni expliqués plus en détail.The thermostat 6 has an independent power supply voltage (batteries or accumulators, for example) which is not shown here in detail. It also has a digital display 8 which presents information on the management of electric heating and which preferably works as multifunction display. Below the display 8 are provided several actuating elements, for the manual adjustment for example of the set temperature, date, time, etc. The associated switching elements are imposed by the state of the art and are therefore not shown or explained in more detail.

Enfin, le thermostat 6 contient encore un aimant permanent 9. Selon l'invention, un commutateur 10 normalement ouvert et apte à être actionné magnétiquement, qui peut être fermé lorsqu'on l'approche de l'aimant permanent 9, est prévu selon l'invention dans ou sur le corps de chauffe. Un signal provenant du récepteur 5 est amené à un raccordement de ce commutateur 10 dont l'autre raccordement est relié à une entrée d'un élément 11 de mémoire (non éphémère, i.e un élément mémorisant les informations de manière permanente). Un repère 12 par lequel l'opérateur reconnaît l'emplacement près duquel il doit approcher le thermostat 6 pour fermer le commutateur 10 est prévu sur le côté extérieur du corps de chauffe. Enfin, un élément d'affichage 13 est encore associé à l'élément de mémoire 11.Finally, the thermostat 6 still contains a permanent magnet 9. According to the invention, a switch 10 normally open and able to be actuated magnetically, which can be closed when approaching the permanent magnet 9, is provided according to the invention. invention in or on the heating body. A signal from the receiver 5 is brought to a connection of this switch 10 whose other connection is connected to an input of a memory element 11 (non-ephemeral, ie an element storing the information permanently). A marker 12 by which the operator recognizes the location near which it must approach the thermostat 6 to close the switch 10 is provided on the outside of the heater. Finally, a display element 13 is still associated with the memory element 11.

Les éléments 3, 4, 5, 10 et 11 sont les composants essentiels de la commande électrique du corps de chauffe et sont réunis optiquement par un cadre en pointillés pour former une unité de commande ou un dispositif de commande S. Ce dispositif de commande est lui-même disposé selon la figure 1 dans ou sur le corps de chauffe 1, mais peut aussi être monté à distance de celui-ci.
Cette dernière variante est illustrée schématiquement dans la figure 2. Le corps de chauffe 1 est placé dans un local seulement esquissé et est raccordé par le biais d'une connexion par câble 15 à une alimentation en courant (boîte de connexion ou de raccordement). Ladite connexion par câble 15 part d'un dispositif de commande S monté indépendamment du corps de chauffe 1 sur une paroi du local. Ce dispositif de commande peut être fixé à la paroi (boîte de raccordement) ou peut être combiné à un connecteur pour une boîte de connexion. Dans encore une autre variante non illustrée, le dispositif de commande pourrait aussi, tout en conservant la même fonctionnalité, être disposé sous forme d'un élément mobile, déplaçable, au milieu de la connexion par câble, si une sécurité de réception suffisante pour les signaux de commutation et de commande est garantie.
Dans chaque cas, il est pourvu sur sa face extérieure tournée vers le local d'un repérage 12 qui a la même fonction que le repérage 12 sur le corps de chauffe selon la figure 1. On peut en outre inclure ici un élément d'affichage non illustré qui correspond de par sa fonction à l'élément d'affichage 13 de la figure 1.
On reconnaît en outre le thermostat 6 se trouvant n'importe où dans le local ou même en dehors, dont la relation fonctionnelle/ liaison radio au dispositif de commande S est indiquée par une double flèche.The elements 3, 4, 5, 10 and 11 are the essential components of the electrical control of the heating body and are optically joined by a dashed frame to form a control unit or a control device S. This control device is itself arranged according to the figure 1 in or on the heating body 1, but can also be mounted at a distance therefrom.
This last variant is illustrated schematically in the figure 2 . The heater 1 is placed in a sketched room only and is connected via a cable connection to a power supply (connection or connection box). Said cable connection 15 starts from a control device S mounted independently of the heating element 1 on a wall of the room. This controller may be attached to the wall (junction box) or may be combined with a connector for a junction box. In yet another variant not shown, the control device could also, while retaining the same functionality, be arranged in the form of a movable member, movable, in the middle of the cable connection, if sufficient reception security for the Switching and control signals are guaranteed.
In each case, it is provided on its outer face facing the local of a location 12 which has the same function as the location 12 on the heating body according to the figure 1 . We can also include here a not shown display element which corresponds by its function to the display element 13 of the figure 1 .
In addition, the thermostat 6 is located anywhere in the room or even outside, whose functional relationship / radio link to the control device S is indicated by a double arrow.

Décrivons maintenant une opération d'apprentissage exécutée selon l'invention. Le thermostat 6 ou selon le cas son émetteur 7 sont branchés en mode d'émission de sa caractéristique. Ainsi qu'on l'a déjà indiqué, cela peut être activé par un actionnement spécial, expliqué dans la notice d'utilisation, d'un ou de plusieurs éléments de commande du thermostat 6. Le thermostat 6 est alors rapproché outre l'aimant 9 du repère 12 du corps de chauffe 1 ou du dispositif de commande S et ainsi du commutateur 10. Ce dernier se ferme; on active ainsi un mode "learn-enable" de l'élément de mémoire 11. Le récepteur 5 prévu sur le corps de chauffe ou dans le dispositif de commande S reçoit les signaux émis par l'émetteur 7 pendant l'opération d'apprentissage et ils contiennent au moins l'identification caractéristique du thermostat 6. Le récepteur 5 comprend une séparation des signaux (filtre, ...) qui est capable de distinguer les signaux d'identification des signaux de commande normaux. L'identification est alors amenée à l'élément de mémoire 11 par une sortie séparée et le commutateur 10 fermé. Cet élément de mémoire modifie alors son contenu et applique ce dernier à sa sortie.Let us now describe a learning operation performed according to the invention. The thermostat 6 or, as the case may be, its emitter 7 are connected in the emission mode of its characteristic. As already indicated, this can be activated by a special actuation, explained in the instructions for use, of one or more control elements of the thermostat 6. The thermostat 6 is then brought closer to the magnet 9 of the mark 12 of the heating body 1 or the control device S and thus the switch 10. The latter closes; this activates a "learn-enable" mode of the memory element 11. The receiver 5 provided on the heating body or in the control device S receives the signals emitted by the transmitter 7 during the learning operation and they contain at least the characteristic identification of the thermostat 6. The receiver 5 comprises a signal separation (filter, ...) which is capable of distinguishing the identification signals from the normal control signals. The identification is then brought to the memory element 11 by a separate output and the switch 10 closed. This memory element then modifies its contents and applies the latter to its output.

Le dispositif d'affichage 13 est activé lorsque le même signal est appliqué à l'entrée et à la sortie de l'élément de mémoire 11. Le thermostat peut alors à nouveau être éloigné du corps de chauffe 1 et l'émission peut être interrompue. Le commutateur 10 se ferme et sépare ainsi l'entrée de l'élément de mémoire 11 du flux de signaux.The display device 13 is activated when the same signal is applied to the input and the output of the memory element 11. The thermostat can then again be moved away from the heating element 1 and the transmission can be interrupted. . The switch 10 closes and thus separates the input of the memory element 11 from the signal flow.

En fonctionnement normal (de non-apprentissage), l'élément récepteur 5 laisse passer entièrement les signaux reçus (et donc les signaux d'identification plus les signaux de commande) vers un étage de comparaison 14 qui est raccordé en amont de l'entrée de l'élément de commande 4. Le signal de sortie de l'élément de mémoire 11 qui correspond à l'identification du thermostat y est également appliqué. L'étage de comparaison 14 doit donc vérifier si les signaux de commande qui lui sont amenés possèdent une partie d'identification correspondante, en d'autres termes, s'ils proviennent du thermostat "correct". Des signaux qui proviennent sans contact d'un thermostat non enregistré dans l'élément de mémoire 11 sont ignorés par la commande de l'élément chauffant 1.In normal (non-learning) operation, the receiving element 5 passes the received signals (and thus the identification signals plus the control signals) to a comparison stage 14 which is connected upstream of the input of the control element 4. The output signal of the control element memory 11 which corresponds to the identification of the thermostat is also applied. The comparison stage 14 must therefore check whether the control signals which are brought to it have a corresponding identification part, in other words, if they come from the "correct" thermostat. Signals that come without contact from a thermostat not registered in the memory element 11 are ignored by the control of the heating element 1.

Au lieu du commutateur 10 et de l'aimant permanent 9, le mode "learn-enable" de l'élément de mémoire 11 peut également être activé par d'autres moyens, par exemple par un couplage inductif ou capacitif. Ces moyens peuvent même permettre un transfert direct de l'identification dans l'élément de mémoire 11 dès que le thermostat placé en mode d'émission est approché de l'emplacement approprié du corps de chauffe.Instead of the switch 10 and the permanent magnet 9, the "learn-enable" mode of the memory element 11 can also be activated by other means, for example by inductive or capacitive coupling. These means can even allow a direct transfer of the identification in the memory element 11 as soon as the thermostat placed in emission mode is approached to the appropriate location of the heating body.

La clôture de l'opération d'apprentissage, la modification ou l'actualisation du contenu de la mémoire pourraient également être utilisées pour une rétroaction directe de l'élément de mémoire 11 vers le thermostat 6. A cet effet, on pourrait utiliser par exemple un transpondeur apte à être activé par l'élément de mémoire 11. Ce dernier peut renvoyer la lecture ou selon le cas la modification du contenu de la mémoire avec un signal de réponse à un élément de réception correspondant prévu dans le thermostat qui pour sa part interrompt le mode d'émission de l'identification.Closing the learning operation, modifying or updating the contents of the memory could also be used for a direct feedback of the memory element 11 to the thermostat 6. For this purpose, it could be used, for example a transponder adapted to be activated by the memory element 11. The latter can return the reading or, as the case may be, the modification of the content of the memory with a response signal to a corresponding receiving element provided in the thermostat which for its part interrupts the transmission mode of the identification.

Claims (18)

  1. An electrical heating system comprising at least one heater unit (1) that converts current into heat and at least one thermostat (6) disposed in a housing, signals from the thermostat intended to provide a contactless means of switching on and/or controlling the heating power to the heater unit (1), in particular by means of radiowaves, these signals being transmitted to a receiver (5) of a control device (S) individually assigned to the heater unit, a functional relationship between the thermostat and the control device being furthermore established by transmission and reading of identification signals, characterized in that on or in the housing of the thermostat (6) and/or on or in the control device (S) switching members (9, 10) are provided, which are adapted to be activated by mutual proximity, for transmitting and/or reading between the thermostat (6) and the control device (S) the identification signals during a learn operation ("learn-enable" mode), which consists in an operation of reading or writing in the control device (S).
  2. The heating system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the thermostat can be connected in transmission mode, at least for the identification signals, and in that at least one receiver element (5) and one memory element (11) for the identification signals are attributed to the heater unit (1) and/or to the control device (S).
  3. The heating system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the control device (S) comprises a connection (14) for the comparison of an identification signal stored in a memory element (11) with an identification signal from the thermostat (6) that is received during operation by the receiver (5).
  4. The heating system as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the identification signal transmitted during the operation of the thermostat (6) is combined with the switching or control signal, notably being superimposed on it, or placed before or after it, and is transmitted simultaneously or with a time delay with respect to this signal.
  5. The heating system as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that for the learn operation, an identification signal combined with a switching or control signal can also be transmitted and in that filtering means are provided for separating out the identification part.
  6. The heating system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermostat (6) can be switched into the transmission mode of at least the identification signals by a specific action of control elements.
  7. The heating system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transmission mode of the identification signals can be automatically deactivated.
  8. The heating system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transmission mode can each time be activated for a predetermined time interval.
  9. The heating system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the transmission mode can be deactivated by a feedback signal following each read-mode termination.
  10. The heating system as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that when the thermostat (6) and the control device (S) are brought close together, a switching mechanism (10) that allows a contactless transmission of the identification signals into a memory element (11) can be activated.
  11. The heating system as claimed in one of the preceding claims 1 to 9, characterized in that when the thermostat and the heater unit are brought close together, a transmission path for the contactless transmission of the identification signals from the thermostat (6) to the control device (S) can be activated.
  12. The heating system as claimed in one of the preceding claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the identification signals can be transmitted by galvanic contact.
  13. The heating system as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a positioning mark (12), close to which the thermostat (6) must be positioned for the transmission of the identification signals, is provided on the control device (S).
  14. The heating system as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one display element (13) is provided that allows the termination of the learn operation to be indicated.
  15. The heating system as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one display element for warning of a failure of the learn operation is provided.
  16. The heating system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control device (S) is disposed either directly on the heater unit (1) or separate from it, but linked to it via an electrically conducting connection.
  17. The heating system as claimed in claim 16, characterized in that the control device (S) is combined with or connected to a connector for plugging into a connection box.
  18. The heating system as claimed in claim 16, characterized in that the control device is disposed in a cable connection (15) between an electrical connection and the heater unit (1).
EP04767518A 2003-07-30 2004-06-30 Electric heating system Expired - Lifetime EP1652408B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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PL04767518T PL1652408T3 (en) 2003-07-30 2004-06-30 Electric heating system

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE10334756A DE10334756B3 (en) 2003-07-30 2003-07-30 Electrical heating system for room in building has thermostat in radio communication with receiver on heater assembly with data store and comparator
DE202004005103U DE202004005103U1 (en) 2003-07-30 2004-03-31 Electric heating system
PCT/FR2004/001674 WO2005022953A1 (en) 2003-07-30 2004-06-30 Electric heating system

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EP1652408B1 true EP1652408B1 (en) 2009-07-22

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CN (1) CN1830228B (en)
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GB0707147D0 (en) 2007-04-13 2007-05-23 Basic Device Ltd Radiators
GB2450934B (en) 2007-07-13 2009-10-07 Rolls Royce Plc A Component with a damping filler
GB0808840D0 (en) 2008-05-15 2008-06-18 Rolls Royce Plc A compound structure
GB2462102B (en) 2008-07-24 2010-06-16 Rolls Royce Plc An aerofoil sub-assembly, an aerofoil and a method of making an aerofoil
GB0901235D0 (en) 2009-01-27 2009-03-11 Rolls Royce Plc An article with a filler
GB0901318D0 (en) 2009-01-28 2009-03-11 Rolls Royce Plc A method of joining plates of material to form a structure
SG10201400953TA (en) * 2009-03-26 2014-05-29 Xped Holdings Pty Ltd An arrangement for managing wireless communication between devices
GB201009216D0 (en) 2010-06-02 2010-07-21 Rolls Royce Plc Rotationally balancing a rotating part
GB2485831B (en) 2010-11-26 2012-11-21 Rolls Royce Plc A method of manufacturing a component
JP5212450B2 (en) * 2010-11-29 2013-06-19 オムロン株式会社 Temperature controller, cable device, and temperature control unit

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JPS5921122B2 (en) * 1979-07-06 1984-05-17 コビシ電機株式会社 magnetic proximity switch
WO1990014563A1 (en) * 1989-05-15 1990-11-29 Malik & Bliss Pty. Limited Control device
US5272477A (en) * 1989-06-20 1993-12-21 Omron Corporation Remote control card and remote control system
JPH1169465A (en) * 1997-08-25 1999-03-09 Toyota Autom Loom Works Ltd Id registration device for receiver for remote operation
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DE602004022172D1 (en) 2009-09-03
CN1830228A (en) 2006-09-06
KR101088463B1 (en) 2011-12-01
ES2329903T3 (en) 2009-12-02
JP2007500417A (en) 2007-01-11
WO2005022953A1 (en) 2005-03-10
ATE437550T1 (en) 2009-08-15
EP1652408A1 (en) 2006-05-03
KR20060052907A (en) 2006-05-19
PT1652408E (en) 2009-10-29
CN1830228B (en) 2011-01-19

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