EP1651857A1 - Fuel injection device - Google Patents

Fuel injection device

Info

Publication number
EP1651857A1
EP1651857A1 EP04738652A EP04738652A EP1651857A1 EP 1651857 A1 EP1651857 A1 EP 1651857A1 EP 04738652 A EP04738652 A EP 04738652A EP 04738652 A EP04738652 A EP 04738652A EP 1651857 A1 EP1651857 A1 EP 1651857A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
actuator
coupler
piston
fuel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04738652A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1651857B1 (en
Inventor
Friedrich Boecking
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1651857A1 publication Critical patent/EP1651857A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1651857B1 publication Critical patent/EP1651857B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0014—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
    • F02M63/0015—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid
    • F02M63/0026—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive actuators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/007—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of the groups F02M63/0014 - F02M63/0059
    • F02M63/0073—Pressure balanced valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/70—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger
    • F02M2200/703—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/70—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger
    • F02M2200/703—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic
    • F02M2200/704—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic with actuator and actuated element moving in different directions, e.g. in opposite directions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/70—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger
    • F02M2200/703—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic
    • F02M2200/705—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic with means for filling or emptying hydraulic chamber, e.g. for compensating clearance or thermal expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/167—Means for compensating clearance or thermal expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/004—Sliding valves, e.g. spool valves, i.e. whereby the closing member has a sliding movement along a seat for opening and closing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/0043—Two-way valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0225—Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel injection device according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Integrated couplers with pistons arranged coaxially one inside the other are also known.
  • the known device uses an A valve as a control valve. This can only be designed with a relatively small diameter, since otherwise the forces on the valve become too high, so that it cannot be actuated by a piezo actuator.
  • the fuel injection device according to the invention for internal combustion engines with the characterizing features of patent claim 1 has the advantage over the fact that a CR injector with a piezo studio is created in which a large cross section of the valve is possible. This allows the injection valve to open and close more quickly.
  • the integrated coupler enables a short overall length of the device. The coupler is supported by CR printing.
  • the fuel injection device 1 is powered by a pressure accumulator (common rail) 3 with fuel under high pressure
  • High-pressure line 5 is supplied, from which fuel reaches an injection valve 9 via an injection line 6.
  • An internal combustion engine normally has several such injection valves, and only one is shown for the sake of simplicity.
  • the injection valve 9 has a valve needle (valve piston, nozzle needle) 11, which in its closed position closes injection openings 13 through a conical valve sealing surface 12, through which fuel is to be injected into the interior of a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.
  • the fuel reaches the area of the nozzle needle via an annular nozzle chamber 14, from which it allows pressure to be exerted in the opening direction of the nozzle needle via a control surface 15 designed as a pressure shoulder.
  • An actuator 31 is used to control the opening and closing of the injection openings.
  • This actuator generates a deflection and a force for actuating further elements as a function of activation at a mechanical output.
  • it is an electrically operated actuator.
  • it is an actuator that has a piezoelectric element, namely a piezo actuator. The actuator takes an elongated depending on an electrical control in the vertical direction of the drawing and thus in its longitudinal direction
  • an actuator with such a construction which takes on an elongated configuration when energized (connection to a DC power supply), and assumes a shortened configuration without energization.
  • the actuator forms a capacitive load and does not take up any power loss in the case of constant current
  • a tensioning device e.g. B. spring, so that the piezoelectric elements contained in the actuator are always subjected to pressure. This is known to the experts and is therefore not referred to in the following.
  • a hydraulic coupler 38 is provided for its coupling, which has a piston 39 coupled to the piezo actuator and a further piston 40.
  • the travel of the further piston 40 is generally required to be increased by the coupler in comparison to the travel of the piston 39 (by suitable selection of the hydraulically effective piston surfaces). The construction and operation of the hydraulic coupler is described below.
  • the pistons 39 and 40 are arranged parallel to one another and one inside the other, advantageously in terms of production technology, coaxially one inside the other (integrated coupler). The way in which they are coupled is explained below.
  • An arrow is drawn in the piston 39, which indicates the movement of this piston when the actuator makes a downward movement in the drawing.
  • An arrow is drawn in the piston 40, which indicates the movement of this piston when the piston 39 executes the movement indicated by its arrow.
  • the movable valve piece 51 is essentially conical with a cylindrical extension. In particular, it rests on the valve seat 53 with the conical part in the closed state.
  • the valve piece 51 is biased in the direction of its valve seat 53 by a compression spring 54 guided by the cylindrical extension. In its locked position, it has been moved "outwards", namely in the direction from the high pressure in the control chamber 43 to an area of lower pressure (leakage pressure).
  • the outlet valve is therefore referred to as the A valve.
  • the side of the valve piece 51 facing the valve seat 53 is rigidly connected to an actuating part which is connected to the hydraulic coupler.
  • the connection with the piston 37 is advantageously tensile for particularly quick closing.
  • the actuator 31 is connected to the piston 39 by a rod 61 with a diameter d5.
  • the piston 40 is connected to the movable valve part 51 to be actuated by a rod 63 with a diameter d1.
  • the inner piston 39 has a diameter d4, the outer piston 40 has an annular piston surface of size f2.
  • the clear diameter of the valve seat 53 where the movable valve part rests against it is d3.
  • Guide gaps 65 and 67 which serve to slide the pistons and through which a coupler volume is filled with fuel, are formed in the region of the cylindrical outer surface of the outer piston (in relation to a housing (not shown)) and in the region of the mutual sliding guide of the two pistons.
  • the areas f1, f3 to f5 corresponding to the above-mentioned diameters d1, d3 to d5 (for circular cross-sections) and the named area f2 are decisive for the function. Circular cross sections are expedient for the production, but the invention is not restricted to this.
  • the end regions of the pistons 39 and 40 facing the actuator 31 engage in a common translator space 72.
  • the other end region of the piston 39 engages in a filling space 71-2; this is connected via bores in the lower end wall of the piston 40, which is connected to the line 5.
  • the other end region of the inner piston 40 projects into the filling space 71-2.
  • the translator room 72 is filled.
  • the translator room 72 is penetrated by the rod 61.
  • the filling space 71-1 is penetrated by the rod 63.
  • the pistons 39 and 40 move in opposite directions and at different speeds because of the desired path translation from the actuator to the control valve.
  • the control valve 41 which is an A valve
  • the valve part 51 For quick closing of the valve part 51, this is preferably firmly connected to the rod 63 and thus to the piston 40. Because of the CR pressure in the booster space 72, the seat diameter d3 of the valve part 51 can be selected to be very large, since the piston 40 largely compensates for this area with its side located in the booster space 72.
  • the invention thus creates an advantageous A-valve servo injector with CR pressure support for very quick opening and closing of the injection valve.
  • the coupler ensures a short overall length.
  • An important feature of the invention is that rail pressure is present on the side of the piston 39 (in the booster chamber) which faces away from the control valve, which assists the actuation of the control valve and the pressure acting on the valve part 51 from the control chamber 43 in the blocked state counteracts.
  • Control valve the valve being an A valve.
  • the force to be supplied by the actuator to close the valve is therefore smaller compared to the known one.
  • a valve 51 is provided with a larger diameter d3 than the known one, which enables the injection valve to open and close more quickly because the flow increase and decrease therein is greater than in the known smaller A valve.
  • a compression spring 75 in the filling chamber 71-2 presses the pistons apart and ensures that the coupler is in good contact with the actuator 31 and, when the valve is closed, the valve part 51 with the valve seat 53.
  • the device shown has further features. At least in a region of the rod 61 connecting the actuator 31 to the hydraulic coupler there is a further filling space 90, which is connected to the line 5, at a distance from the space of the coupler closest to the actuator 31.
  • the further filling space 90 surrounds the actuator 31 in its lower one
  • a guide gap 94 of the rod 61 is dimensioned for an additional filling of the adjacent space of the coupler with fuel under pressure.
  • One advantage is the additional filling of the coupler with fuel under high pressure.
  • the further filling space 90 is not present or is not connected to the line 5 and does not have the function of a filling space. In this case it may be appropriate to drill a hole in which the Rod 61 is guided in a housing, not shown, of the entire device, for the smallest possible outflow of fuel from the coupler.
  • the invention also encompasses embodiments in which the fuel under high pressure is not supplied by a high-pressure accumulator, but by a pump assigned to the injection valve (e.g. pump-injector unit, unit injector), which also feeds the filling chamber.
  • a pump assigned to the injection valve e.g. pump-injector unit, unit injector

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a fuel injection device (1) comprising an injection valve (9), a line (5), which supplies fuel under high pressure to the injection valve (9) during operation, a control valve (41), which controls the pressure in a control chamber (43) of the injection valve, this control chamber being connected to said line (5), and the moving valve part (51) of the control valve can be actuated by an actuator (31) via a hydraulic coupler (38), which has two plungers (39, 40) that interact with a coupler volume of the coupler. The injection valve also comprises means for filling the coupler volume with pressurized fuel via guide gaps (65, 67) of the plungers (39, 40), whereby the plungers (39, 40) are placed inside one another while being parallel to one another. A translator space (72) is placed at the ends of the plungers (39, 20, 40), said ends facing the actuator (31). A filling space (71-2) is provided inside the outer plunger (39) and is connected to said line (5). One of the plungers (39) is mechanically coupled to the actuator (31) via a rod (61), and the other plunger (40) actuates the control valve (41) via a rod (63), whereby the direction of the closing movement of the moving valve part (51) matches the direction of fuel flowing out of the control chamber (43) so that the control valve is subjected, at least in part, to an equilibrium of forces due to the force acting upon the other plunger (40) inside the translator space (72).

Description

Kraftstoffeinspritzvorrichtunq Kraftstoffeinspritzvorrichtunq
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Die Erfindung geht aus von einer Kraftstoffeinspritzvorrichtung nach der Gattung des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a fuel injection device according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
Ein CR-Injektor (CR = Common Rail) mit Piezoaktor (= Piezostelier) und Übersetzung durch hydraulischen Koppler ist bekannt. Ebenfalls bekannt sind integrierte Koppler mit koaxial ineinander angeordneten Kolben. Die bekannte Vorrichtung verwendet ein A-Ventil als Steuerventil. Dieses kann nur mit relativ kleinem Durchmesser ausgebildet werden, da sonst die Kräfte am Ventil zu hoch werden, so dass es nicht durch einen Piezoaktor betätigbar ist.A CR injector (CR = Common Rail) with a piezo actuator (= Piezostelier) and translation by hydraulic coupler is known. Integrated couplers with pistons arranged coaxially one inside the other are also known. The known device uses an A valve as a control valve. This can only be designed with a relatively small diameter, since otherwise the forces on the valve become too high, so that it cannot be actuated by a piezo actuator.
Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention
Die erfindungsgemäße Kraftstoffeinspritzvorrichtung für Brennkraftmaschinen mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 hat dem gegenüber den Vorteil, dass ein CR-Injektor mit Piezostelier geschaffen wird, bei dem ein großer Querschnitt des Ventils möglich ist. Dadurch kann das Öffnen und Schließen des Einspritzventils schneller erfolgen. Der integrierte Koppler ermöglicht eine kurze Baulänge der Vorrichtung. Der Koppler ist durch CR-Druck unterstützt.The fuel injection device according to the invention for internal combustion engines with the characterizing features of patent claim 1 has the advantage over the fact that a CR injector with a piezo studio is created in which a large cross section of the valve is possible. This allows the injection valve to open and close more quickly. The integrated coupler enables a short overall length of the device. The coupler is supported by CR printing.
Zeichnungdrawing
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffeinspritzvorrichtung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigt die einzige Figur die wesentlichen Komponenten einer erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffeinspritzvorrichtung mit einem Einspritzventil und einem Steuerventil sowie einem hydraulischen Koppler.An embodiment of the fuel injection device according to the invention is shown in the drawing and is described in more detail in the following description explained. The sole figure shows the essential components of a fuel injection device according to the invention with an injection valve and a control valve as well as a hydraulic coupler.
Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielsDescription of the embodiment
Die erfindungsgemäße Kraftstoffeinspritzvorrichtung 1 wird von einem Druckspeicher (Common Rail) 3 mit Kraftstoff unter hohem Druck über eineThe fuel injection device 1 according to the invention is powered by a pressure accumulator (common rail) 3 with fuel under high pressure
Hochdruckleitung 5 versorgt, von der aus Kraftstoff über eine Einspritzleitung 6 zu einem Einspritzventil 9 gelangt. Eine Brennkraftmaschine hat normalerweise mehrere derartige Einspritzventile, und der Einfachheit halber ist lediglich eines dargestellt. Das Einspritzventil 9 weist eine Ventilnadel (Ventilkolben, Düsennadel) 11 auf, die mit einer konischen Ventildichtfläche 12 in ihrer Schließstellung Einspritzöffnungen 13, durch die Kraftstoff ins Innere eines Verbrennungsraums des Verbrennungsmotors eingespritzt werden soll, verschließt. Der Kraftstoff gelangt in den Bereich der Düsennadel über einen ringförmigen Düsenraum 14, von dem aus er über eine als Druckschulter ausgebildete Steuerfläche 15 einen Druck in Öffnungsrichtung der Düsennadel auszuüben gestattet. Wenn der genannte Druck eine Kraft in Öffnungsrichtung auf die Ventilnadel ausübt, die diesem Öffnen entgegen wirkende Kräfte überwindet, so öffnet sich das Ventil.High-pressure line 5 is supplied, from which fuel reaches an injection valve 9 via an injection line 6. An internal combustion engine normally has several such injection valves, and only one is shown for the sake of simplicity. The injection valve 9 has a valve needle (valve piston, nozzle needle) 11, which in its closed position closes injection openings 13 through a conical valve sealing surface 12, through which fuel is to be injected into the interior of a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. The fuel reaches the area of the nozzle needle via an annular nozzle chamber 14, from which it allows pressure to be exerted in the opening direction of the nozzle needle via a control surface 15 designed as a pressure shoulder. When the pressure mentioned exerts a force in the opening direction on the valve needle which overcomes forces opposing this opening, the valve opens.
Zum Steuern des Öffnens und Schließens der Einspritzöffnungen dient ein Aktor 31. Dieser erzeugt in Abhängigkeit von einer Ansteuerung an einem mechanischen Ausgang eine Auslenkung und eine Kraft zum Betätigen weiterer Elemente. Im Beispiel handelt es sich um einen elektrisch betätigten Aktor. Im Beispiel ist es ein Aktor, der ein piezoelektrisches Element aufweist, nämlich ein Piezoaktor. Der Aktor nimmt in Abhängigkeit von einer elektrischen Ansteuerung in Vertikalrichtung der Zeichnung und somit in seiner Längsrichtung eine gelängteAn actuator 31 is used to control the opening and closing of the injection openings. This actuator generates a deflection and a force for actuating further elements as a function of activation at a mechanical output. In the example it is an electrically operated actuator. In the example, it is an actuator that has a piezoelectric element, namely a piezo actuator. The actuator takes an elongated depending on an electrical control in the vertical direction of the drawing and thus in its longitudinal direction
Konfiguration oder eine verkürzte Konfiguration ein. Im Beispiel ist ein Aktor mit einer derartigen Konstruktion vorgesehen, der bei Bestromung (Anschluss an eine Gleichstromversorgung) eine gelängte Konfiguration einnimmt, ohne Bestromung eine verkürzte Konfiguration einnimmt. Der Aktor bildet eine kapazitive Last und nimmt bei Dauerbestromung keine Verlustleistung auf. Es kann vorteilhaft oder erforderlich sein, den Piezoaktor durch eine Spannvorrichtung, z. B. Feder, so vorzuspannen, dass im Aktor enthaltene piezoelektrische Elemente stets auf Druck beansprucht sind. Dies ist den Fachleuten bekannt, und deshalb wird hierauf im Folgenden nicht hingewiesen. Während das obere Ende des Piezoaktors in einer in der Zeichnung nicht sichtbaren Weise in der Einspritzvorrichtung verankert ist, dient das untere Ende des Piezoaktors dazu, dessen Kraft und Bewegung letztendlich zum Öffnen und Schließen der Einspritzöffnungen zu verwenden. Hierzu ist für seine Ankopplung ein hydraulischer Koppler 38 vorgesehen, der einen mit dem Piezoaktor gekoppelten Kolben 39 und einen weiteren Kolben 40 aufweist. Im vorliegenden Anwendungsfall ist im allgemeinen durch den Koppler eine Vergrößerung des Wegs des weiteren Kolbens 40 im Vergleich zum Weg des Kolbens 39 (durch passende Wahl der hydraulisch wirksamen Kolbenflächen) nötig. Die Konstruktion und Wirkungsweise des hydraulischen Kopplers wird weiter unten beschrieben.Configuration or a shortened configuration. In the example, an actuator with such a construction is provided, which takes on an elongated configuration when energized (connection to a DC power supply), and assumes a shortened configuration without energization. The actuator forms a capacitive load and does not take up any power loss in the case of constant current It may be advantageous or necessary to use a tensioning device, e.g. B. spring, so that the piezoelectric elements contained in the actuator are always subjected to pressure. This is known to the experts and is therefore not referred to in the following. While the upper end of the piezo actuator is anchored in the injector in a manner not visible in the drawing, the lower end of the piezo actuator serves to ultimately use its force and movement to open and close the injection openings. For this purpose, a hydraulic coupler 38 is provided for its coupling, which has a piston 39 coupled to the piezo actuator and a further piston 40. In the present application, the travel of the further piston 40 is generally required to be increased by the coupler in comparison to the travel of the piston 39 (by suitable selection of the hydraulically effective piston surfaces). The construction and operation of the hydraulic coupler is described below.
Wenn der mit dem Piezoaktor nicht unmittelbar verbundene Kolben 40 des hydraulischen Kopplers ein Steuerventil 41 (oder Auslassventil) öffnet, sinkt der Druck in einer mit Kraftstoff gefüllten Steuerkammer 43, in die der obere Endabschnitt der Düsennadel eingreift. Die Steuerkammer 43 wird mit Kraftstoff unter Druck über eine Zulaufdrossel 47 gefüllt, und bei geöffnetem Steuerventil 41 fließt Kraftstoff über eine Ablaufdrossel 49 aus der Steuerkammer 43 aus. Das Ausfließen von Kraftstoff wird durch Kräfte unterstützt, die die Düsennadel 11 in ihre offene Stellung zu bewegen bestrebt sind. Ein bewegliches Ventilstück 51 liegt bei geschlossenem Steuerventil 41 an einem Ventilsitz 53 dichtend an und ist mit dem Kolben 40 mechanisch gekoppelt. Die bei geöffnetem Ventilstück 51 aus der Steuerkammer ausströmende Steuermenge wird durch einen Leckagekanal 55 abgeführt. Bei geschlossenem Ventilstück 51 wird dieses von der Steuerkammer her mit Raildruck (= Druck in der Leitung 5) beaufschlagt, wobei der Druck auf die Fläche mit dem Durchmesser d3 wirkt.When the piston 40 of the hydraulic coupler, which is not directly connected to the piezo actuator, opens a control valve 41 (or exhaust valve), the pressure in a fuel-filled control chamber 43, in which the upper end portion of the nozzle needle engages, drops. The control chamber 43 is filled with fuel under pressure via an inlet throttle 47, and when the control valve 41 is open, fuel flows out of the control chamber 43 via an outlet throttle 49. The outflow of fuel is supported by forces that tend to move the nozzle needle 11 to its open position. When the control valve 41 is closed, a movable valve piece 51 seals against a valve seat 53 and is mechanically coupled to the piston 40. The control quantity flowing out of the control chamber when the valve piece 51 is open is discharged through a leakage channel 55. When the valve piece 51 is closed, the control chamber applies rail pressure (= pressure in line 5), the pressure acting on the surface with the diameter d3.
Die Kolben 39 und 40 sind im Beispiel parallel zueinander und ineinander, fertigungstechnisch vorteilhaft koaxial ineinander angeordnet (integrierter Koppler). Die Art, in der sie miteinander gekoppelt sind, wird unten erläutert. Im Kolben 39 ist ein Pfeil eingezeichnet, der die Bewegung dieses Kolbens anzeigt, wenn der Aktor eine Bewegung in der Zeichnung nach unten ausführt. Im Kolben 40 ist ein Pfeil eingezeichnet, der die Bewegung dieses Kolbens anzeigt, wenn der Kolben 39 die durch seinen Pfeil bezeichnete Bewegung ausführt. Durch Vergleich des Pfeil des Kolbens 40 mit der Richtung, in der das bewegliche Ventilelement des vom hydraulischen Wandler 38 zu betätigenden Ventils zum Öffnen bzw. zum Schließen bewegt werden muss, ist aus der Zeichnung unmittelbar ersichtlich, ob die in der Zeichnung eingezeichnete Richtung der genannten Pfeile einem Öffnungsvorgang oder einem Schließvorgang des genannten Ventils entspricht. Das bewegliche Ventilstück 51 ist im wesentlichen kegelförmig mit einem zylindrischen Fortsatz ausgebildet. Insbesondere liegt es mit dem kegelförmigen Teil im geschlossenen Zustand an dem Ventilsitz 53 an. Das Ventilstück 51 ist durch eine von dem zylindrischen Fortsatz geführte Druckfeder 54 in Richtung auf seinen Ventilsitz 53 vorgespannt. In seiner Sperrstellung ist es nach "außen" bewegt worden, nämlich in Richtung vom hohen Druck in der Steuerkammer 43 zu einem Bereich niedrigeren Drucks (Leckagedruck). Das Auslassventil wird in diesem Fall daher als A-Ventil bezeichnet. Die dem Ventilsitz 53 zugewandte Seite des Ventilstücks 51 ist mit einem Betätigungsteil starr verbunden, das mit dem hydraulischen Koppler verbunden ist. Die Verbindung mit dem Kolben 37 ist vorteilhaft zugfest für besonders schnelles Schließen.In the example, the pistons 39 and 40 are arranged parallel to one another and one inside the other, advantageously in terms of production technology, coaxially one inside the other (integrated coupler). The way in which they are coupled is explained below. An arrow is drawn in the piston 39, which indicates the movement of this piston when the actuator makes a downward movement in the drawing. An arrow is drawn in the piston 40, which indicates the movement of this piston when the piston 39 executes the movement indicated by its arrow. By comparing the arrow of the piston 40 with the direction in which the movable valve element of the valve to be actuated by the hydraulic converter 38 has to be moved in order to open or close, it can be seen directly from the drawing whether the direction shown in the drawing is the same Arrows corresponds to an opening process or a closing process of the valve mentioned. The movable valve piece 51 is essentially conical with a cylindrical extension. In particular, it rests on the valve seat 53 with the conical part in the closed state. The valve piece 51 is biased in the direction of its valve seat 53 by a compression spring 54 guided by the cylindrical extension. In its locked position, it has been moved "outwards", namely in the direction from the high pressure in the control chamber 43 to an area of lower pressure (leakage pressure). In this case, the outlet valve is therefore referred to as the A valve. The side of the valve piece 51 facing the valve seat 53 is rigidly connected to an actuating part which is connected to the hydraulic coupler. The connection with the piston 37 is advantageously tensile for particularly quick closing.
Der Aktor 31 ist mit dem Kolben 39 durch eine Stange 61 mit einem Durchmesser d5 verbunden. Der Kolben 40 ist mit dem von ihm zu betätigenden beweglichen Ventilteil 51 durch eine Stange 63 mit einem Durchmesser d1 verbunden. Der innere Kolben 39 hat einen Durchmesser d4, der äußere Kolben 40 hat eine kreisringförmige Kolbenfläche der Größe f2. Der lichte Durchmesser des Ventilsitzes 53 dort, wo das bewegliche Ventilteil an ihm anliegt, ist d3.The actuator 31 is connected to the piston 39 by a rod 61 with a diameter d5. The piston 40 is connected to the movable valve part 51 to be actuated by a rod 63 with a diameter d1. The inner piston 39 has a diameter d4, the outer piston 40 has an annular piston surface of size f2. The clear diameter of the valve seat 53 where the movable valve part rests against it is d3.
Führungsspalte 65 und 67, die der Gleitführung der Kolben dienen und durch die hindurch ein Kopplervolumen mit Treibstoff gefüllt wird, sind im Bereich der zylindrischen Außenfläche des äußeren Kolbens (gegenüber einem nicht gezeigten Gehäuse) und im Bereich der gegenseitigen Gleitführung der beiden Kolben gebildet. Maßgeblich für die Funktion sind die den oben genannten Durchmessern d1 , d3 bis d5 (für kreisförmige Querschnitte) entsprechenden Flächen f1 , f3 bis f5 und die genannte Fläche f2. Kreisförmige Querschnitte sind zwar für die Herstellung zweckmäßig, die Erfindung ist jedoch hierauf nicht beschränkt.Guide gaps 65 and 67, which serve to slide the pistons and through which a coupler volume is filled with fuel, are formed in the region of the cylindrical outer surface of the outer piston (in relation to a housing (not shown)) and in the region of the mutual sliding guide of the two pistons. The areas f1, f3 to f5 corresponding to the above-mentioned diameters d1, d3 to d5 (for circular cross-sections) and the named area f2 are decisive for the function. Circular cross sections are expedient for the production, but the invention is not restricted to this.
Die dem Aktor 31 zu gewandten Endbereiche der Kolben 39 und 40 greifen in einen gemeinsamen Übersetzerraum 72 ein. Der andere Endbereich des Kolbens 39 greift in einen Füllraum 71-2 ein; dieser ist über Bohrungen in der unteren Endwand des Kolbens 40 verbunden, der mit der Leitung 5 verbunden ist. Der andere Endbereich des inneren Kolbens 40 ragt in den Füllraum 71-2. Über dieThe end regions of the pistons 39 and 40 facing the actuator 31 engage in a common translator space 72. The other end region of the piston 39 engages in a filling space 71-2; this is connected via bores in the lower end wall of the piston 40, which is connected to the line 5. The other end region of the inner piston 40 projects into the filling space 71-2. About the
Führungsspalte 65 und 67 wird der Übersetzerraum 72 gefüllt. Der Übersetzerraum 72 wird von der Stange 61 durchdrungen. Der Füllraum 71-1 wird von der Stange 63 durchdrungen. Die Kolben 39 und 40 bewegen sich gegensinnig und wegen der gewünschten Weg-Übersetzung vom Aktor zum Steuerventil mit unterschiedlicher Geschwindigkeit.Guide column 65 and 67, the translator room 72 is filled. The translator room 72 is penetrated by the rod 61. The filling space 71-1 is penetrated by the rod 63. The pistons 39 and 40 move in opposite directions and at different speeds because of the desired path translation from the actuator to the control valve.
Der Aktor 31 (Piezostelier) ist im geschlossenen Zustand des Einspritzventils 9 mit Strom versorgt und gelängt. Zum Öffnen des Steuerventils 41 wird der elektrische Strom zum Aktor 31 abgeschaltet und der Aktor wird kürzer. Dadurch wird der Kolben 39 (erster Übersetzerkolben) in der Figur nach oben bewegt, unterstützt von der Feder 75 und vom Druck im Füllraum 71-2. Im Übersetzerraum 72 und im Füllraum 71-2 ist im Ruhezustand CR-Druck (= Druck des Druckspeichers bzw. Common Rail) als Systemdruck. Im Übersetzerraum 72 steigt durch das Bewegen des Kolbens 39 nach oben der Druck. Diese Druckzunahme bewegt den Kolben 40 (zweiter Übersetzerkolben) nach unten und öffnet durch gleich gerichtete Bewegung des Ventilteils 51 das Steuerventil 41, das ein A-Ventil ist. Zum schnellen Schließen des Ventilteils 51 ist dieses vorzugsweise fest mit der Stange 63 und somit mit dem Kolben 40 verbunden. Wegen des CR-Drucks im Übersetzerraum 72 ist der Sitzdurchmesser d3 des Ventilteils 51 sehr groß wählbar, da der Kolben 40 diese Fläche mit seiner im Übersetzerraum 72 befindlichen Seite weitgehend ausgleicht. Somit schafft die Erfindung einen vorteilhaften A-Ventil-Servo-Injektor mit CR- Druckunterstützung für sehr schnelles Öffnen und Schließen des Einspritzventils. Der Koppler sorgt für eine kurze Baulänge. Ein wichtiges Merkmal der Erfindung besteht darin, dass an der Seite des Kolbens 39 (im Übersetzerraum), die dem Steuerventil abgewandt ist, Raildruck anliegt, der die Betätigung des Steuerventils unterstützt und dem auf das Ventilteil 51 im Sperrzustand von der Steuerkammer 43 her wirkenden Druck entgegen wirkt.The actuator 31 (piezo studio) is supplied with power and elongated in the closed state of the injection valve 9. To open the control valve 41, the electrical current to the actuator 31 is switched off and the actuator becomes shorter. As a result, the piston 39 (first booster piston) is moved upward in the figure, supported by the spring 75 and by the pressure in the filling chamber 71-2. In the idle state, the CR pressure (= pressure of the pressure accumulator or common rail) is in the translation space 72 and in the filling space 71-2 as system pressure. In the translator space 72, the pressure rises as the piston 39 moves upward. This increase in pressure moves the piston 40 (second booster piston) downward and opens the control valve 41, which is an A valve, by moving the valve part 51 in the same direction. For quick closing of the valve part 51, this is preferably firmly connected to the rod 63 and thus to the piston 40. Because of the CR pressure in the booster space 72, the seat diameter d3 of the valve part 51 can be selected to be very large, since the piston 40 largely compensates for this area with its side located in the booster space 72. The invention thus creates an advantageous A-valve servo injector with CR pressure support for very quick opening and closing of the injection valve. The coupler ensures a short overall length. An important feature of the invention is that rail pressure is present on the side of the piston 39 (in the booster chamber) which faces away from the control valve, which assists the actuation of the control valve and the pressure acting on the valve part 51 from the control chamber 43 in the blocked state counteracts.
Wegen des Raildrucks im Übersetzerraum 72 ist d3 weitgehend kraftausgeglichen. Es steht daher im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik ein größerer Überschuss an Kraft, die vom Aktor geliefert wird, zur Beschleunigung der Masse des beweglichen Ventilteils zur Verfügung. Die Erfindung schafft somit eine Variante mit teilausgeglichenem (= bezüglich der Kraft teilweise ausgeglichenem)Because of the rail pressure in the translator room 72, d3 is largely balanced. There is therefore a larger excess of force, which is supplied by the actuator, compared to the prior art, for accelerating the mass of the movable valve part. The invention thus creates a variant with partially balanced (= partially balanced in terms of force)
Steuerventil, wobei das Ventil ein A-Ventil ist. Die vom Aktor zum Schließen des Ventils zu liefernde Kraft ist daher gegenüber dem Bekannten kleiner. Stattdessen ist bei einer Ausführungsform ein Ventil 51 mit einem gegenüber dem Bekannten größeren Durchmesser d3 vorgesehen, der ein schnelleres Öffnen und Schließen des Einspritzventils ermöglicht, weil die Strömungszunahme und -Abnahme in diesem größer ist als bei dem bekannten kleineren A-Ventil. Eine Druckfeder 75 im Füllraum 71-2 drückt die Kolben auseinander und sorgt für gute Anlage des Kopplers am Aktor 31 und bei geschlossenem Ventil des Ventilteils 51 am Ventilsitz 53.Control valve, the valve being an A valve. The force to be supplied by the actuator to close the valve is therefore smaller compared to the known one. Instead, in one embodiment, a valve 51 is provided with a larger diameter d3 than the known one, which enables the injection valve to open and close more quickly because the flow increase and decrease therein is greater than in the known smaller A valve. A compression spring 75 in the filling chamber 71-2 presses the pistons apart and ensures that the coupler is in good contact with the actuator 31 and, when the valve is closed, the valve part 51 with the valve seat 53.
Die gezeigte Vorrichtung weist noch weitere Merkmale auf. Zumindest in einem Bereich der den Aktor 31 mit dem hydraulischen Koppler verbindenden Stange 61 ist in einem Abstand von dem dem Aktor 31 am nächsten liegenden Raum des Kopplers ein weiterer Füllraum 90 vorhanden, der mit der Leitung 5 verbunden ist. Im Beispiel umgibt der weitere Füllraum 90 den Aktor 31 in dessen unteremThe device shown has further features. At least in a region of the rod 61 connecting the actuator 31 to the hydraulic coupler there is a further filling space 90, which is connected to the line 5, at a distance from the space of the coupler closest to the actuator 31. In the example, the further filling space 90 surrounds the actuator 31 in its lower one
Endbereich. Vorzugsweise umgibt er den ganzen Aktor 31. Ein Führungsspalt 94 der Stange 61 ist für eine zusätzliche Füllung des benachbarten Raums des Kopplers mit unter Druck stehendem Kraftstoff dimensioniert. Ein Vorteil besteht in der zusätzlichen Befüllung des Kopplers mit unter hohem Druck stehenden Kraftstoff.End. It preferably surrounds the entire actuator 31. A guide gap 94 of the rod 61 is dimensioned for an additional filling of the adjacent space of the coupler with fuel under pressure. One advantage is the additional filling of the coupler with fuel under high pressure.
Bei Ausführungsformen der Erfindung ist der weitere Füllraum 90 nicht vorhanden oder ist nicht mit der Leitung 5 verbunden und hat nicht die Funktion eines Füllraums. In diesem Fall mag es zweckmäßig sein, eine Bohrung, in der die Stange 61 in einem nicht gezeigten Gehäuse der ganzen Vorrichtung geführt ist, für einen möglichst kleinen Abfluss von Kraftstoff aus dem Koppler zu dimensionieren.In embodiments of the invention, the further filling space 90 is not present or is not connected to the line 5 and does not have the function of a filling space. In this case it may be appropriate to drill a hole in which the Rod 61 is guided in a housing, not shown, of the entire device, for the smallest possible outflow of fuel from the coupler.
Die Erfindung erfasst auch Ausführungsformen, bei denen der unter hohem Druck stehende Kraftstoff nicht von einem Hochdruckspeicher zugeführt wird, sondern von einer dem Einspritzventil zugeordneten Pumpe (z.B. Pumpe-Düse- Einheit, Unit Injector), die auch den Füllraum speist. The invention also encompasses embodiments in which the fuel under high pressure is not supplied by a high-pressure accumulator, but by a pump assigned to the injection valve (e.g. pump-injector unit, unit injector), which also feeds the filling chamber.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Kraftstoffeinspritzvorrichtung (1) mit einem Einspritzventil (9), einer dem Einspritzventil (9) bei Betrieb Kraftstoff unter hohem Druck zuführenden Leitung (5), einem den Druck in einer mit der genannten Leitung (5) verbundenen Steuerkammer (43) des Einspritzventils steuernden Steuerventil (41), dessen bewegliches Ventilteil (51) von einem Aktor (31) über einen hydraulischen Koppler (38) betätigbar ist, der zwei mit einem Kopplervolumen des Kopplers zusammenwirkende Kolben (39, 40) aufweist, wobei der Sitz (53) des beweglichen Ventilteils (51) eine lichte1. Fuel injection device (1) with an injection valve (9), a line (5) supplying fuel to the injection valve (9) during operation under high pressure, a pressure in a control chamber (43) of the injection valve connected to said line (5) Controlling control valve (41), the movable valve part (51) of which can be actuated by an actuator (31) via a hydraulic coupler (38) which has two pistons (39, 40) interacting with a coupler volume of the coupler, the seat (53) of the movable valve part (51) a clear
Querschnittsfläche f3 aufweist, mit Mitteln zum Füllen des Kopplervolumens über Führungsspalte (65, 67) der Kolben (39, 40) mit unter Druck stehendem Kraftstoff,Has cross-sectional area f3, with means for filling the coupler volume via guide gaps (65, 67) of the pistons (39, 40) with fuel under pressure,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kolben (39, 40) parallel zueinander ineinander angeordnet sind, dass an den dem Aktor (31) zugewandten Enden der Kolben (39, 40) ein Übersetzerraum (72) angeordnet ist, dass im Inneren des äußeren Kolbens (39) ein Füllraum (71-2) vorgesehen ist, der mit der genannten Leitung (5) verbunden ist, dass einer (39) der Kolben mit einer Querschnittsfläche f4 mit dem Aktor (31) über eine Stange (61) mit einer Querschnittsfläche f5 mechanisch gekoppelt ist, dass der andere Kolben (40), der eine Kolbenfläche f2 aufweist, über eine Stange (63) mit einer gegenüber f2 kleineren Querschnittsfläche das Steuerventil (41) betätigt, dass die Richtung der Schließbewegung des beweglichen Ventilteils (51) mit der Richtung von aus der Steuerkammer (43) ausströmendem Kraftstoff übereinstimmt, so dass das Steuerventil wegen des auf den weiteren Kolben (40) im Übersetzerraum (72) wirkenden Drucks mindestens teilweise kraftausgeglichen ist.characterized in that the pistons (39, 40) are arranged parallel to one another, in that a translator space (72) is arranged on the ends of the pistons (39, 40) facing the actuator (31), that in the interior of the outer piston (39 ) a filling space (71-2) is provided, which is connected to said line (5), that one (39) of the pistons with a cross-sectional area f4 with the actuator (31) mechanically via a rod (61) with a cross-sectional area f5 is coupled that the other piston (40), which has a piston surface f2, actuates the control valve (41) via a rod (63) with a cross-sectional area smaller than f2, that the direction of the closing movement of the movable valve part (51) with the direction of fuel flowing out of the control chamber (43) coincides, so that the control valve is at least partially force-balanced due to the pressure acting on the further piston (40) in the booster chamber (72).
2. Kraftstoffeinspritzvorrichtung (1) nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest in einem Bereich der den Aktor (31) mit dem hydraulischen Koppler verbindenden Stange (61) in einem Abstand von dem dem Aktor (31) am nächsten liegenden Raum des Kopplers ein weiterer Füllraum (90) vorhanden ist, der mit der genannten Leitung (5) verbunden ist und über einen Führungsspalt (94) der Stange (61) mit dem Koppler in Verbindung ist. 2. Fuel injection device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least in a region of the rod (61) connecting the actuator (31) to the hydraulic coupler at a distance from the actuator (31) closest lying space of the coupler there is a further filling space (90) which is connected to said line (5) and is connected to the coupler via a guide gap (94) of the rod (61).
EP04738652A 2003-07-24 2004-06-09 Fuel injection device Expired - Fee Related EP1651857B1 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
DE502004006265D1 (en) 2008-04-03
WO2005010342A1 (en) 2005-02-03
JP2006513369A (en) 2006-04-20
DE10333696A1 (en) 2005-02-24
EP1651857B1 (en) 2008-02-20
CN100416082C (en) 2008-09-03
US20070001032A1 (en) 2007-01-04
US7290530B2 (en) 2007-11-06
CN1829858A (en) 2006-09-06
JP4154425B2 (en) 2008-09-24

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