EP1648757A1 - Heavy vehicle - Google Patents

Heavy vehicle

Info

Publication number
EP1648757A1
EP1648757A1 EP04740918A EP04740918A EP1648757A1 EP 1648757 A1 EP1648757 A1 EP 1648757A1 EP 04740918 A EP04740918 A EP 04740918A EP 04740918 A EP04740918 A EP 04740918A EP 1648757 A1 EP1648757 A1 EP 1648757A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tires
vehicle
train
vehicle according
traction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04740918A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Pierre Durif
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Michelin Recherche et Technique SA Switzerland
Michelin Recherche et Technique SA France
Societe de Technologie Michelin SAS
Original Assignee
Michelin Recherche et Technique SA Switzerland
Michelin Recherche et Technique SA France
Societe de Technologie Michelin SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Michelin Recherche et Technique SA Switzerland, Michelin Recherche et Technique SA France, Societe de Technologie Michelin SAS filed Critical Michelin Recherche et Technique SA Switzerland
Publication of EP1648757A1 publication Critical patent/EP1648757A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60PVEHICLES ADAPTED FOR LOAD TRANSPORTATION OR TO TRANSPORT, TO CARRY, OR TO COMPRISE SPECIAL LOADS OR OBJECTS
    • B60P1/00Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D61/00Motor vehicles or trailers, characterised by the arrangement or number of wheels, not otherwise provided for, e.g. four wheels in diamond pattern
    • B62D61/10Motor vehicles or trailers, characterised by the arrangement or number of wheels, not otherwise provided for, e.g. four wheels in diamond pattern with more than four wheels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/40Electrical machine applications
    • B60L2220/44Wheel Hub motors, i.e. integrated in the wheel hub
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2260/00Operating Modes
    • B60L2260/20Drive modes; Transition between modes
    • B60L2260/28Four wheel or all wheel drive

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heavy vehicle such as a transport vehicle or a "Civil Engineering” machine, with a mass greater than 40 tonnes. Although not limited to such applications, the invention will be more particularly described with reference to a heavy vehicle such as a transport vehicle or a "Civil Engineering” machine, with a mass greater than 500 tonnes, equipped with tires diameter greater than three and a half meters with an axial width greater than 37 inches.
  • Such vehicles generally intended to carry heavy loads, include a front axle assembly comprising two steering wheels and a rear axle assembly, most often rigid, comprising four drive wheels distributed two by two on each side.
  • a train is defined as a set of elements used to connect the fixed structure of the vehicle to the ground.
  • the axial or transverse direction of the tire is parallel to the axis of rotation of the tire.
  • the circumferential direction of the tire, or longitudinal direction is the direction corresponding to the periphery of the tire and defined by the rolling direction of the tire.
  • the axis of rotation of the tire is the axis around which it rotates in normal use.
  • a heavy vehicle such as a transport vehicle or a "Civil Engineering" machine with a mass greater than 40 tonnes, comprising a steering gear fitted with at least two tires and of an engine train through which is transmitted at least part of the traction, the engine train comprising four tires, for example associated by two on either side of the train according to usual configurations, at most two tires of the engine train transmitting at least a part of the permanent traction and at least the tires of the drive train being individually associated with a braking device.
  • a heavy vehicle with a mass greater than 500 tonnes such as a transport vehicle or a "Civil Engineering" machine equipped with structural tires.
  • radial with a diameter greater than three and a half meters having an axial width greater than 37 inches comprising a steering front axle provided with at least two tires and a rear engine undercarriage by which at least part of the traction is transmitted, the train rear engine comprising four tires, at most two tires transmitting at least part of the traction permanently and at least the tires of the engine train being individually associated with a braking device.
  • the tires of the steering gear are individually associated with a braking device.
  • the axially inner tires mounted on the drive train continuously transmit at least part of the traction.
  • the drive train comprises four tires and preferably, the two axially external tires of the drive train which advantageously do not transmit motivity have the essential function only of carrying part of the load.
  • Such an embodiment will make it possible to reduce the longitudinal stresses appearing in particular when the vehicle follows the drawing of a curve.
  • the axially outermost tires cover a greater distance for the one who is outside the curve and less for the one inside the curve. This phenomenon is amplified in the context of the invention due to the width of the tires.
  • the tires are individually associated with a braking device so as to be able to slow down or stop this type of vehicle under the best conditions, regardless of the conditions of use of the vehicle at the time of braking and, in particular, when the vehicle is on a curve or when it is on a slope.
  • This association of a braking device with each of the tires also makes it possible to limit the wear of the tires and improves the distribution of the wear, induced by braking, between the different tires.
  • the invention thus makes it possible in fact to avoid increased wear of certain tires which alone would be associated with a braking device.
  • the wear and tear induced by braking is particularly important in the case of dumper type vehicles which are required to follow steep courses with considerable loads which impose long and continuous braking.
  • the invention thus advantageously proposes to combine the vehicle as defined above with a wheelless mounting on the engine train, the tires being placed on the train provided for this purpose by means of first mounting rings forming the seats of the beads of tires and second locking rings guaranteeing the positioning of said first rings and therefore of tires.
  • the invention requires according to this embodiment to provide on the hub of the recesses to receive the locking rings, the establishment of two of these rings being necessary by tire.
  • An alternative embodiment of the invention also provides that the tires of the steering gear can advantageously transmit part of the traction.
  • the steering train comprises four tires, at least two tires of said steering train transmitting a part of the traction, as mentioned previously in the case of the power train.
  • the two axially inner tires are preferably the tires transmitting traction.
  • the invention also advantageously provides, as described above in the case of the power train, that the tires are mounted without a wheel, said tires being placed on the hub provided for this purpose by means of first mounting rings forming the seats of the beads of the tires and of second locking rings guaranteeing the positioning of said first rings and therefore of the tires, according to a technique as described in patent application WO 00/71365 cited above.
  • the invention requires according to this realization of providing on the steering hub four recesses on either side to receive the locking rings, the establishment of two of these rings being necessary by pneumatic.
  • Another alternative embodiment of the invention provides that at least two tires of the power train, and preferably the tires of the power train axially outside, do not transmit traction only when the vehicle follows a non-straight path, or preferably when it follows a curve whose radius of curvature is less than a predetermined value.
  • Such an embodiment can be obtained by a device for decoupling between said tires and the members transmitting motor skills.
  • Such a device can be controlled by the directional members of the vehicle according to any means known to a person skilled in the art.
  • the invention advantageously provides that the variant providing that at least two tires of the steering gear transmit part of the traction, is only effective when the vehicle follows a non-rectilinear trajectory, or preferably when it follows a curve whose radius of curvature is less than a predetermined value.
  • said steering gear when all the tires of the steering gear transmit at least part of the traction, said steering gear is equipped with one or more devices making it possible to confer different speeds on the different tires. different rotation adapted in particular to attenuate the wear of the different tires in particular during the passages of curves.
  • Such an alternative embodiment provides, for example, that the tires of the steering train all participate in the transmission of motor skills by means of devices, such as differentials, which control the participation of each of the tires according to the running conditions of the vehicle.
  • the invention also provides for the case of a vehicle as described above, each of the tires of which is associated with an electric motor, for example incorporated in the wheel associated with the tire or in the hub of the train near a tire in the case of an embodiment according to the technique described in document WO 00/71365, cited above.
  • the use of electric motors associated with a tire will allow distributions of variable traction according to the tires and the trajectory followed.
  • the invention also provides that only part of the tires transmitting the motor skills is driven by electric motors; these may for example be tires of the front axle, those of the rear axle being associated with conventional engine and transmission.
  • the invention also provides when the drive is only due to electric motors, that only certain tires are associated with such electric motors and that the other tires have the essential function only of carrying.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 represent: - figurel, a diagram seen from above of a vehicle according to the invention, - Figure 2, a diagram seen from above of a vehicle according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • the figures are not shown to scale to simplify understanding.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown schematically a half-vehicle 1 produced in accordance with the invention which comprises four tires on the engine rear axle 6 and two directional tires on the steering front axle 7.
  • the figure illustrating only one half of the vehicle only two tires 2, 3 are shown on the rear axle 6 and a tire 4 on the front axle 7.
  • the vehicle 1 shown diagrammatically in this FIG. 1 is a heavy vehicle having a total laden weight of the order of 600 tons.
  • the tires fitted to the vehicle are large tires with an aspect ratio H / S of 0.80, H being the height of the tire over rim and S the maximum axial width of the tire, when the latter is mounted on its service rim and inflated to its recommended pressure. These are 59 / 80R63 tires. These tires comprise a radial carcass reinforcement composed of inextensible metallic cables of steel oriented radially, anchored in each bead of the tires.
  • the tires 2, 3 of the rear axle 6 are mounted according to the technique described in patent application WO 00/71365. According to this technique, the train 6 of the vehicle is designed to receive the tires 2, 3 by means of rings having a surface forming the seat for receiving the beads of the tires.
  • the surface of these rings is advantageously of frustoconical shape.
  • the receiving rings are themselves locked on the hub of the train by means of locking rings, part of their surface of which is complementary to the form of recesses provided on said hub in which said locking rings are inserted.
  • the tire 3 has the essential function only of carrying and does not participate in the transmission of motor skills.
  • Such an embodiment consists in attaching the tire 3 to a system of the free bearing type which allows the free rotation of said tire 3. This embodiment allows when the vehicle follows a curve curve, and in particular in turns with a small radius of curvature, to follow its journey without undergoing additional stresses due solely to its position on the train which leads it to follow a longer or shorter trajectory than the tires 2.
  • Tests have been carried out to show the lifetimes of a train of four tires 59 / 80R63 according to the invention fitted to the rear axle of a vehicle, only the axially inner tires transmitting traction, and of a train of four identical tires fitted to the rear axle of a similar vehicle, the four tires permanently transmitting the traction.
  • the results obtained are presented below: On a base 100 corresponding to the results obtained with the rear axle equipped with four tires permanently transmitting motor skills, the results show that the tires of a vehicle according to the invention have an average lifespan equivalent to 118 when only the axially inner tires of the rear axle transmitting traction. It appears that the results obtained according to the invention are clearly superior.
  • the invention can provide that the tire 4 mounted on the front axle 7 also participates in the transmission of motor skills.
  • the fact that the tire 4 transmits part of the traction can improve the handling of the vehicle in curved trajectories.
  • a traction transmitted partially by the tires of the front axle can facilitate tracking of the trajectory when these same tires are turned, in particular when the vehicle is loaded. It appears, in fact, that under certain loading and driving conditions, the maneuverability of such a vehicle along a curve trajectory equipped with four tires 2, 3 as described above on the rear axle 6, two of them transmitting traction is very difficult or even impossible, the vehicle not responding to the steering imposed by the tires of the front axle. These conditions can also lead to cleavage and destruction of the front axle tires.
  • Another variant of the invention provides for the tires 4 of the front axle 7 participating in the transmission of the motor skills to be driven individually by electric motors.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates another embodiment of a vehicle l 'according to the invention, which differs from the previous one by the presence of a complementary 5 ′ tire mounted on the front axle 7 ′ and therefore steering. The addition of this tire 5 ′ can allow a distribution of the load on more tires.
  • Such an embodiment can make it possible, for example, to further increase the load capacity or even to allow a reduction in the size of the tires.
  • An embodiment according to FIG. 2 can also make it possible to improve the handling of the vehicle under conditions such as those mentioned above which can lead to cleavage of the steering tires of the front axle 7 '. Indeed, the increase in the number of tires will make it possible to better resist the constraints leading to this cleavage and thus succeed in imposing the change of direction.
  • the production of such a vehicle l 'can provide that the tire 5' has the sole function of carrying part of the load.
  • the tire 5 ′ can participate in the transmission of the motor skills either permanently or temporarily as mentioned above, or even in a variable manner, for example by the use of electric motors.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Arrangement And Driving Of Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Tires In General (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a heavy vehicle (1) with a mass greater than 40 tonnes, such as a transporter vehicle, or a civil engineering machine, comprising a steering train (7), provided with at least two tyres and a driving train (6) by means of which at least a part of the driving force is transmitted. According to the invention, the driving train comprises four tyres (2,3), with at most two tyres permanently transmitting at least a part of the driving force and at least the tyres of the driving train are individually associated with a braking device.

Description

VEHICULE LOURD HEAVY VEHICLE
L'invention concerne un véhicule lourd tel qu'un véhicule de transport ou un engin de « Génie Civil », d'une masse supérieure à 40 tonnes. Bien que non limitée à de telles applications, l'invention sera plus particulièrement décrite en référence à un véhicule lourd tel qu'un véhicule de transport ou un engin de « Génie Civil », d'une masse supérieure à 500 tonnes, équipé de pneumatiques de diamètre supérieur à trois mètres cinquante présentant une largeur axiale supérieure à 37 pouces. De tels véhicules, destinés généralement à porter de lourdes charges, comprennent un train avant directeur comportant deux roues directrices et un train arrière, le plus souvent rigide, comportant quatre roues motrices réparties deux à deux de chaque côté. Un train est défini comme un ensemble des éléments permettant de relier la structure fixe du véhicule au sol. La direction axiale ou transversale du pneumatique est parallèle à l'axe de rotation du pneumatique. La direction circonférentielle du pneumatique, ou direction longitudinale, est la direction correspondant à la périphérie du pneumatique et définie par la direction de roulement du pneumatique. L'axe de rotation du pneumatique est l'axe autour duquel il tourne en utilisation normale. Dans le cas de véhicules, notamment destinés à des usages dans des mines ou carrières pour le transport de charges, les difficultés d'accès et les exigences de rendement conduisent les fabriquants de ces véhicules à augmenter leur capacité de charge. Il s'ensuit que les véhicules sont de plus en plus grands et donc eux-mêmes de plus en plus lourds et peuvent transporter une charge de plus en plus importante. Les masses actuelles des ces véhicules peuvent atteindre plusieurs centaines de tonnes et il en est de même pour la charge à transporter ; la masse globale peut atteindre jusqu'à 600 tonnes. La capacité de charge du véhicule étant directement liée à celle des pneumatiques, il est connu que pour augmenter cette capacité de charge il faut augmenter la quantité d'air contenu dans les pneumatiques. Actuellement, comme énoncé précédemment, les véhicules de ce type, tels que les « dumper » utilisés dans les mines, comportent un train arrière sur lequel sont montées quatre roues, jumelées deux à deux, pour répondre à ces exigences. Par ailleurs, les dimensions de ces roues et en conséquence celles des pneumatiques et notamment la raideur des zones basses nécessitent que lesdites roues soient réalisées en plusieurs parties pour permettre le montage du pneumatique sur une jante. Le montage et le démontage de ces pneumatiques qui interviennent en cas de remplacement ou d'entretien nécessitent des manipulations longues et fastidieuses. Le nombre de pièces de serrage devant être manipulées lors de ces opérations peut être supérieur à 200, auquel s'associent des couples de serrage de ces pièces très importants. Le temps de ces opérations est en conséquence long et donc nuisible à la productivité recherchée dans le travail d'exploitation de ces mines. La demande actuelle s 'orientant toujours vers une hausse de la capacité de charge de ces engins, les différents paramètres énoncés précédemment ont conduit à un élargissement des pneumatiques de façon à augmenter le volume d'air de ceux-ci. Il est en effet quasi-impossible d'augmenter le diamètre des pneumatiques qui a été atteint aujourd'hui, et qui est de l'ordre de 4 mètres, notamment pour des raisons de transport desdits pneumatiques. En effet, les dimensions de ces pneumatiques vont être limitées pour leur transport, notamment par les largeurs de route et par les hauteurs de passage sous les ponts. Il est également quasi-impossible de diminuer le diamètre dé jante, celui- ci permettant notamment la mise en place du système de transmission de couple moteur et des systèmes de freinage. Durant leurs études, les inventeurs ont su mettre en évidence que ces pneumatiques « élargis » permettent effectivement d'autoriser une augmentation de la charge transportée mais présentent différents inconvénients. Les essais ont en effet montré que la résistance à l'usure de ces pneumatiques diminue, notamment en ce qui concerne les pneumatiques axialement extérieurs montés sur le train arrière. Et des changements de pneumatiques plus fréquents conduisent à une diminution des rendements de ces véhicules. Par ailleurs, la demande de brevet WO 00/71365 a décrit une technique permettant de simplifier le montage des pneumatiques ceux étant montés directement sur le moyeu, faisant alors office dé jante. Des anneaux indépendants jouent alors le rôle des sièges de jante et sont maintenus en place par des anneaux de blocage qui se solidarisent au moyeu du fait notamment de profils complémentaires. Les inventeurs se sont ainsi donnés pour mission d'améliorer les propriétés des pneumatiques de ces véhicules lourds en termes d'usure par rapport à celles des pneumatiques actuels, notamment en vue d'améliorer le rendement des véhicules. Ce but a été atteint selon l'invention par un véhicule lourd, tel qu'un véhicule de transport ou un engin de « Génie Civil » d'une masse supérieure à 40 tonnes, comportant un train directeur muni d'au moins deux pneumatiques et d'un train moteur par lequel est transmise au moins une partie de la motricité, le train moteur comportant quatre pneumatiques, par exemple associés par deux de part et d'autre du train selon des configurations usuelles, au plus deux pneumatiques du train moteur transmettant au moins une partie de la motricité en permanence et au moins les pneumatiques du train moteur étant individuellement associés à un dispositif de freinage. Ce but a été atteint selon l'invention de la même façon dans le cas d'un véhicule lourd d'une masse supérieure à 500 tonnes, tel qu'un véhicule de transport ou un engin de « Génie Civil » équipés de pneumatiques de structure radiale de diamètre supérieur à trois mètres cinquante présentant une largeur axiale supérieure à 37 pouces, comportant un train avant directeur muni d'au moins deux pneumatiques et d'un train arrière moteur par lequel est transmise au moins une partie de la motricité, le train arrière moteur comportant quatre pneumatiques, au plus deux pneumatiques transmettant au moins une partie de la motricité en permanence et au moins les pneumatiques du train moteur étant individuellement associés à un dispositif de freinage. Avantageusement encore selon l'invention, les pneumatiques du train directeur sont individuellement associés à un dispositif de freinage. Selon une réalisation préférée de l'invention, les pneumatiques axialement intérieurs montés sur le train moteur transmettent au moins une partie de la motricité en permanence. Selon l'invention, le train moteur comporte quatre pneumatiques et de préférence, les deux pneumatiques axialement extérieurs du train moteur qui ne transmettent avantageusement pas la motricité n'ont pour fonction essentielle que de porter une partie de la charge. Un tel mode de réalisation va permettre de diminuer les contraintes longitudinales apparaissant notamment lorsque le véhicule suit le tracé d'une courbe. En effet, lorsqu'un véhicule comportant au moins des pneumatiques jumelées suit le tracé d'une courbe, les pneumatiques axialement le plus à l'extérieur parcourent une distance plus importante pour celui qui est à l'extérieur de la courbe et moins importante pour celui qui est à l'intérieur de la courbe. Ce phénomène est amplifié dans le cadre de l'invention du fait de la largeur des pneumatiques. En outre, selon l'invention, les pneumatiques sont individuellement associés à un dispositif de freinage de façon à pouvoir ralentir ou arrêter ce type de véhicule dans les meilleures conditions, indépendamment des conditions d'utilisation du véhicule au moment du freinage et, notamment, lorsque le véhicule est dans une courbe ou bien lorsqu'il est engagé dans une pente. Cette association d'un dispositif de freinage à chacun des pneumatiques permet encore de limiter l'usure des pneumatiques et améliore la répartition de l'usure, induite par un freinage, entre les différents pneumatiques. L'invention permet ainsi en effet d'éviter une usure accentuée de certains pneumatiques qui seraient seuls associés à un dispositif de freinage. L'usure induite par le freinage est particulièrement importante dans le ces des véhicules de type dumper qui sont amenés à suivre des parcours pentus avec des charges considérables qui imposent un freinage long et continu. Il apparaît par ailleurs que l'utilisation de quatre pneumatiques sur le train moteur n'est pas favorable au rendement lorsqu'il est nécessaire de remplacer un pneumatique, dès lors que ceux-ci sont montés sur des roues indépendantes. En effet, notamment lorsqu'il est nécessaire de changer un pneumatique qui se trouve axialement à l'intérieur par rapport aux autres, il est nécessaire de démonter une première roue pour accéder à la deuxième avant d'engager la procédure de remplacement ; cela entraîne donc des manipulations importantes et n'est donc pas favorable au rendement du véhicule. L'invention propose ainsi avantageusement de combiner le véhicule tel que défini précédemment à un montage sans roue sur le train moteur, les pneumatiques étant mis en place sur le train prévu à cet effet par l'intermédiaire de premiers anneaux de montage formant les sièges des bourrelets des pneumatiques et de seconds anneaux de blocage garantissant la mise en place desdits premiers anneaux et donc des pneumatiques. Un montage de ce type a déjà été décrit dans la demande de brevet WO 00/71365 citée précédemment. L'invention requiert selon cette réalisation de prévoir sur le moyeu des évidements pour recevoir les anneaux de blocage, la mise en place de deux de ces anneaux étant nécessaire par pneumatique. Une variante de réalisation de l'invention prévoit encore que les pneumatiques du train directeur peuvent avantageusement transmettre une partie de la motricité. Selon une réalisation avantageuse de l'invention, le train directeur comporte quatre pneumatiques, au moins deux pneumatiques dudit train directeur transmettant une partie la motricité, comme évoqué précédemment dans le cas du train moteur. De préférence, les deux pneumatiques axialement intérieurs étant de préférence les pneumatiques transmettant la motricité. Selon une telle réalisation, l'invention prévoit en outre avantageusement, comme décrit précédemment dans le cas du train moteur, que les pneumatiques sont montés sans roue, lesdits pneumatiques étant mis en place sur le moyeu prévu à cet effet par l'intermédiaire de premiers anneaux de montage formant les sièges des bourrelets des pneumatiques et de seconds anneaux de blocage garantissant la mise en place desdits premiers anneaux et donc des pneumatiques, selon une technique telle que décrite dans la demande de brevet WO 00/71365 citée précédemment. L'invention requiert selon cette réalisation de prévoir sur le moyeu directeur quatre évidements de part et d'autre pour recevoir les anneaux de blocage, la mise en place de deux de ces anneaux étant nécessaire par pneumatique. Une autre variante de réalisation de l'invention prévoit qu'au moins deux pneumatiques du train moteur, et de préférence les pneumatiques du train moteur axialement à l'extérieur, ne transmettent pas la motricité uniquement lorsque le véhicule suit une trajectoire non rectiligne, ou de préférence lorsqu'il suit une courbe dont le rayon de courbure est inférieur à une valeur prédéterminée. Une telle réalisation peut être obtenue par un dispositif de découplage entre lesdits pneumatiques et les organes transmettant la motricité. Un tel dispositif peut être piloté par les organes directionnels du véhicule selon tout moyen connu de l'homme de l'homme du métier. De la même façon, l'invention prévoit avantageusement que la variante prévoyant qu'au moins deux pneumatiques du train directeur transmettent une partie de la motricité, ne soit effective que lorsque le véhicule suit une trajectoire non rectiligne, ou de préférence lorsqu'il suit une courbe dont le rayon de courbure est inférieur à une valeur prédéterminée. Selon d'autres variantes de réalisation de l'invention, lorsque l'ensemble des pneumatiques du train directeur transmet au moins une partie de la motricité, ledit train directeur est équipé d'un ou plusieurs dispositifs permettant de conférer aux différents pneumatiques des vitesses de rotation différentes adaptées notamment pour atténuer l'usure des différents pneumatiques notamment lors des passages de courbes. Une telle variante de réalisation prévoit par exemple que les pneumatiques du train directeur participent tous à la transmission de la motricité par l'intermédiaire de dispositifs, tels que des différentiels, qui contrôlent la participation de chacun des pneumatiques en fonction des conditions de roulage du véhicule. L'invention prévoit encore le cas d'un véhicule tel que décrit précédemment dont chacun des pneumatiques est associé à un moteur électrique, par exemple incorporé dans la roue associée au pneumatique ou dans le moyeu du train à proximité d'un pneumatique dans le cas d'une réalisation selon la technique décrite dans le document WO 00/71365, cité précédemment. Selon cette réalisation, l'utilisation de moteurs électriques associés à un pneumatique va permettre des répartitions de la motricité variable en fonction des pneumatiques et de la trajectoire suivie. De la même façon, l'invention prévoit encore qu'une partie seulement des pneumatiques transmettant la motricité est pilotée par des moteurs électriques ; il peut s'agir par exemple des pneumatiques du train avant, ceux du train arrière étant associés à une motorisation et une transmission classiques. L'invention prévoit également lorsque la motricité n'est due qu'à des moteurs électriques, que seuls certains pneumatiques soient associés à de tels moteurs électriques et que les autres pneumatiques n'aient pour fonction essentielle que le portage. D'autres détails et caractéristiques avantageux de l'invention ressortiront ci- après de la description d'exemples de réalisation de l'invention en référence aux figures 1 et 2 qui représentent : - figurel, un schéma vu du dessus d'un véhicule selon l'invention, - figure 2, un schéma vu du dessus d'un véhicule selon un second mode de réalisation de l'invention. Les figures ne sont pas représentées à l'échelle pour en simplifier la compréhension. Les figures ne représentent que la moitié des véhicules qui se prolongent de manière symétrique par rapport à l'axe XX' qui représente le plan médian longitudinal du véhicule. Sur la figure 1, est représentée de manière schématique un demi-véhicule 1 réalisé conformément à l'invention qui comporte quatre pneumatiques sur le train arrière moteur 6 et deux pneumatiques directionnels sur le train avant directeur 7. La figure n'illustrant qu'une moitié du véhicule seuls deux pneumatiques 2, 3 sont représentés sur le train arrière 6 et un pneumatique 4 sur le train avant 7. Le véhicule 1 schématisé sur cette figure 1 est un véhicule lourd présentant un poids total en charge de l'ordre de 600 tonnes. Les pneumatiques équipant le véhicule sont des pneumatiques de grande dimension dont le rapport de forme H/S est 0,80, H étant la hauteur du pneumatique sur jante et S la largeur axiale maximale du pneumatique, lorsque ce dernier est monté sur sa jante de service et gonflé à sa pression recommandée. Il s'agit de pneumatiques de dimension 59/80R63. Ces pneumatiques comprennent une armature de carcasse radiale composée de câbles métalliques inextensibles en acier orientés radialement, ancrés dans chaque bourrelet des pneumatiques. Les pneumatiques 2, 3 du train arrière 6 sont montés selon la technique décrite dans la demande de brevet WO 00/71365. Selon cette technique, le train 6 du véhicule est prévu pour recevoir les pneumatiques 2, 3 par l'intermédiaire d'anneaux présentant une surface formant le siège de réception des bourrelets des pneumatiques. La surface de ces anneaux est avantageusement de forme tronconique. Les anneaux de réception sont eux- mêmes bloqués sur le moyeu du train par l'intermédiaire d'anneaux de blocage dont une partie de leur surface est complémentaire de la forme d' évidements prévus sur ledit moyeu dans lesquels lesdits anneaux de blocage sont insérés. Selon l'invention, le pneumatique 3 n'a pour fonction essentielle que le portage et ne participe pas à la transmission de la motricité. Une telle réalisation consiste à fixer le pneumatique 3 sur un système du type roulement libre qui autorise la rotation libre dudit pneumatique 3. Cette réalisation permet lorsque le véhicule suit un tracé en courbe, et notamment dans des virages à faible rayon de courbure de suivre son parcours sans subir de contraintes complémentaires dues uniquement à sa position sur le train qui le conduit à suivre une trajectoire plus longue ou plus courte que les pneumatiques 2. Des essais ont été réalisés pour montrer les durées de vie d'un train de quatre pneumatiques 59/80R63 selon l'invention équipant le train arrière d'un véhicule, seuls les pneumatiques axialement intérieurs transmettant la motricité, et d'un train de quatre pneumatiques identiques équipant le train arrière d'un véhicule similaire, les quatre pneumatiques transmettant en permanence la motricité. Les résultats obtenus sont présentés ci-après : Sur une base 100 correspondant aux résultats obtenus avec le train arrière équipé de quatre pneumatiques transmettant en permanence la motricité, les résultats montrent que les pneumatiques d'un véhicule selon l'invention ont une durée de vie moyenne équivalente à 118 lorsque seuls les pneumatiques axialement intérieurs du train arrière transmettant la motricité. Il apparaît que les résultats obtenus selon l'invention sont nettement supérieurs. L'invention peut prévoir que le pneumatique 4 monté sur le train avant 7 participe également à la transmission de la motricité. En outre, le fait que le pneumatique 4 transmette une partie de la motricité peut améliorer la maniabilité du véhicule dans les trajectoires courbes. En effet, une motricité transmise partiellement par les pneumatiques du train avant peut faciliter le suivi de la trajectoire lorsque ces mêmes pneumatiques sont braqués, notamment lorsque le véhicule est chargé. Il apparaît en effet, que dans certaines conditions de charge et de roulage, la maniabilité d'un tel véhicule selon une trajectoire en courbe équipé de quatre pneumatiques 2, 3 tels que décrits précédemment sur le train arrière 6, deux d'entre eux transmettant la motricité, est très difficile voire impossible, le véhicule ne répondant pas au braquage imposé par les pneumatiques du train avant. Ces conditions peuvent en outre conduire au clivage et à la destruction des pneumatiques du train avant. Une autre variante de l'invention prévoit que les pneumatiques 4 du train avant 7 participant à la transmission de la motricité sont pilotés individuellement par des moteurs électriques. Une telle réalisation peut permettre de faciliter une transmission variable, éventuellement progressive, de motricité par l'intermédiaire de ces pneumatiques 4 en fonction de la trajectoire suivie et de l'état de charge dudit véhicule. Il est encore possible selon l'invention d'équiper l'ensemble des pneumatiques 2, 3 et 4 du véhicule de moteurs électriques pour permettre une transmission variable, éventuellement progressive, de motricité par l'intermédiaire de chacun des pneumatiques en fonction de la trajectoire suivie et de l'état de charge dudit véhicule. La figure 2 illustre un autre mode de réalisation d'un véhicule l' selon l'invention, qui se différencie du précédent par la présence d'un pneumatique 5' complémentaire monté sur le train avant 7' et donc directeur. L'adjonction de ce pneumatique 5' peut permettre une répartition de la charge sur plus de pneumatiques. Une telle réalisation peut permettre par exemple d'augmenter encore la capacité de charge ou bien d'autoriser une diminution de la dimension des pneumatiques. Une réalisation selon la figure 2 peut également permettre d'améliorer la maniabilité du véhicule dans des conditions telles que celles évoquées précédemment pouvant conduire au clivage des pneumatiques directeurs du train avant 7'. En effet, l'augmentation du nombre de pneumatiques va permettre de mieux résister aux contraintes conduisant à ce clivage et ainsi réussir à imposer le changement de direction. La réalisation d'un tel véhicule l' peut prévoir que le pneumatique 5' a pour unique fonction le portage d'une partie de la charge. Selon d'autres variantes de réalisation, le pneumatique 5' peut participer à la transmission de la motricité soit de manière permanente soit de manière temporaire telle qu'évoquée précédemment, soit encore de manière variable, par exemple par l'utilisation de moteurs électriques. The invention relates to a heavy vehicle such as a transport vehicle or a "Civil Engineering" machine, with a mass greater than 40 tonnes. Although not limited to such applications, the invention will be more particularly described with reference to a heavy vehicle such as a transport vehicle or a "Civil Engineering" machine, with a mass greater than 500 tonnes, equipped with tires diameter greater than three and a half meters with an axial width greater than 37 inches. Such vehicles, generally intended to carry heavy loads, include a front axle assembly comprising two steering wheels and a rear axle assembly, most often rigid, comprising four drive wheels distributed two by two on each side. A train is defined as a set of elements used to connect the fixed structure of the vehicle to the ground. The axial or transverse direction of the tire is parallel to the axis of rotation of the tire. The circumferential direction of the tire, or longitudinal direction, is the direction corresponding to the periphery of the tire and defined by the rolling direction of the tire. The axis of rotation of the tire is the axis around which it rotates in normal use. In the case of vehicles, in particular intended for uses in mines or quarries for the transport of loads, the difficulties of access and the performance requirements lead the manufacturers of these vehicles to increase their carrying capacity. It follows that the vehicles are getting larger and therefore themselves heavier and heavier and can carry an increasingly large load. The current masses of these vehicles can reach several hundred tonnes and there the same is true for the load to be transported; the overall mass can reach up to 600 tonnes. Since the load capacity of the vehicle is directly linked to that of the tires, it is known that to increase this load capacity, the quantity of air contained in the tires must be increased. Currently, as stated above, vehicles of this type, such as the "dumper" used in mines, have a rear axle on which are mounted four wheels, paired in pairs, to meet these requirements. Furthermore, the dimensions of these wheels and consequently those of the tires and in particular the stiffness of the low areas require that said wheels be made in several parts to allow mounting of the tire on a rim. The assembly and disassembly of these tires which intervene in the event of replacement or maintenance require long and tedious handling. The number of clamping parts to be handled during these operations can be greater than 200, to which are associated the tightening torques of these very large parts. The time of these operations is consequently long and therefore detrimental to the productivity sought in the work of operating these mines. As current demand is still directed towards an increase in the load capacity of these machines, the various parameters set out above have led to a widening of the tires so as to increase the air volume thereof. It is in fact almost impossible to increase the diameter of the tires which has been reached today, and which is of the order of 4 meters, in particular for reasons of transport of said tires. In fact, the dimensions of these tires will be limited for their transport, in particular by the width of the road and by the heights of passage under the bridges. It is also almost impossible to reduce the rim diameter, which in particular allows the installation of the engine torque transmission system and braking systems. During their studies, the inventors were able to demonstrate that these "enlarged" tires actually allow an increase in the load transported but have various drawbacks. The tests have indeed shown that the wear resistance of these tires decreases, in particular with regard to the axially outer tires mounted on the rear axle. And more frequent tire changes lead to a decrease in the efficiency of these vehicles. Furthermore, patent application WO 00/71365 describes a technique making it possible to simplify the mounting of tires those being mounted directly on the hub, then acting as a rim. Independent rings then play the role of the rim seats and are held in place by locking rings which join to the hub due in particular to complementary profiles. The inventors have thus given themselves the mission of improving the properties of the tires of these heavy vehicles in terms of wear compared to those of current tires, in particular with a view to improving the performance of the vehicles. This object was achieved according to the invention by a heavy vehicle, such as a transport vehicle or a "Civil Engineering" machine with a mass greater than 40 tonnes, comprising a steering gear fitted with at least two tires and of an engine train through which is transmitted at least part of the traction, the engine train comprising four tires, for example associated by two on either side of the train according to usual configurations, at most two tires of the engine train transmitting at least a part of the permanent traction and at least the tires of the drive train being individually associated with a braking device. This object was achieved according to the invention in the same way in the case of a heavy vehicle with a mass greater than 500 tonnes, such as a transport vehicle or a "Civil Engineering" machine equipped with structural tires. radial with a diameter greater than three and a half meters having an axial width greater than 37 inches, comprising a steering front axle provided with at least two tires and a rear engine undercarriage by which at least part of the traction is transmitted, the train rear engine comprising four tires, at most two tires transmitting at least part of the traction permanently and at least the tires of the engine train being individually associated with a braking device. Advantageously also according to the invention, the tires of the steering gear are individually associated with a braking device. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the axially inner tires mounted on the drive train continuously transmit at least part of the traction. According to the invention, the drive train comprises four tires and preferably, the two axially external tires of the drive train which advantageously do not transmit motivity have the essential function only of carrying part of the load. Such an embodiment will make it possible to reduce the longitudinal stresses appearing in particular when the vehicle follows the drawing of a curve. In fact, when a vehicle comprising at least twin tires follows the course of a curve, the axially outermost tires cover a greater distance for the one who is outside the curve and less for the one inside the curve. This phenomenon is amplified in the context of the invention due to the width of the tires. Furthermore, according to the invention, the tires are individually associated with a braking device so as to be able to slow down or stop this type of vehicle under the best conditions, regardless of the conditions of use of the vehicle at the time of braking and, in particular, when the vehicle is on a curve or when it is on a slope. This association of a braking device with each of the tires also makes it possible to limit the wear of the tires and improves the distribution of the wear, induced by braking, between the different tires. The invention thus makes it possible in fact to avoid increased wear of certain tires which alone would be associated with a braking device. The wear and tear induced by braking is particularly important in the case of dumper type vehicles which are required to follow steep courses with considerable loads which impose long and continuous braking. It also appears that the use of four tires on the drive train is not favorable to performance when it is necessary to replace a tire, as long as these are mounted on independent wheels. Indeed, in particular when it is necessary to change a tire which is axially inside with respect to the others, it is necessary to dismantle a first wheel to access the second before initiating the replacement procedure; this therefore involves significant handling and is therefore not favorable to the performance of the vehicle. The invention thus advantageously proposes to combine the vehicle as defined above with a wheelless mounting on the engine train, the tires being placed on the train provided for this purpose by means of first mounting rings forming the seats of the beads of tires and second locking rings guaranteeing the positioning of said first rings and therefore of tires. An assembly of this type has already been described in patent application WO 00/71365 cited above. The invention requires according to this embodiment to provide on the hub of the recesses to receive the locking rings, the establishment of two of these rings being necessary by tire. An alternative embodiment of the invention also provides that the tires of the steering gear can advantageously transmit part of the traction. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the steering train comprises four tires, at least two tires of said steering train transmitting a part of the traction, as mentioned previously in the case of the power train. Preferably, the two axially inner tires are preferably the tires transmitting traction. According to such an embodiment, the invention also advantageously provides, as described above in the case of the power train, that the tires are mounted without a wheel, said tires being placed on the hub provided for this purpose by means of first mounting rings forming the seats of the beads of the tires and of second locking rings guaranteeing the positioning of said first rings and therefore of the tires, according to a technique as described in patent application WO 00/71365 cited above. The invention requires according to this realization of providing on the steering hub four recesses on either side to receive the locking rings, the establishment of two of these rings being necessary by pneumatic. Another alternative embodiment of the invention provides that at least two tires of the power train, and preferably the tires of the power train axially outside, do not transmit traction only when the vehicle follows a non-straight path, or preferably when it follows a curve whose radius of curvature is less than a predetermined value. Such an embodiment can be obtained by a device for decoupling between said tires and the members transmitting motor skills. Such a device can be controlled by the directional members of the vehicle according to any means known to a person skilled in the art. Likewise, the invention advantageously provides that the variant providing that at least two tires of the steering gear transmit part of the traction, is only effective when the vehicle follows a non-rectilinear trajectory, or preferably when it follows a curve whose radius of curvature is less than a predetermined value. According to other alternative embodiments of the invention, when all the tires of the steering gear transmit at least part of the traction, said steering gear is equipped with one or more devices making it possible to confer different speeds on the different tires. different rotation adapted in particular to attenuate the wear of the different tires in particular during the passages of curves. Such an alternative embodiment provides, for example, that the tires of the steering train all participate in the transmission of motor skills by means of devices, such as differentials, which control the participation of each of the tires according to the running conditions of the vehicle. . The invention also provides for the case of a vehicle as described above, each of the tires of which is associated with an electric motor, for example incorporated in the wheel associated with the tire or in the hub of the train near a tire in the case of an embodiment according to the technique described in document WO 00/71365, cited above. According to this embodiment, the use of electric motors associated with a tire will allow distributions of variable traction according to the tires and the trajectory followed. In the same way, the invention also provides that only part of the tires transmitting the motor skills is driven by electric motors; these may for example be tires of the front axle, those of the rear axle being associated with conventional engine and transmission. The invention also provides when the drive is only due to electric motors, that only certain tires are associated with such electric motors and that the other tires have the essential function only of carrying. Other details and advantageous characteristics of the invention will emerge below from the description of exemplary embodiments of the invention with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 which represent: - figurel, a diagram seen from above of a vehicle according to the invention, - Figure 2, a diagram seen from above of a vehicle according to a second embodiment of the invention. The figures are not shown to scale to simplify understanding. The figures represent only half of the vehicles which extend symmetrically with respect to the axis XX 'which represents the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle. In FIG. 1, there is shown schematically a half-vehicle 1 produced in accordance with the invention which comprises four tires on the engine rear axle 6 and two directional tires on the steering front axle 7. The figure illustrating only one half of the vehicle only two tires 2, 3 are shown on the rear axle 6 and a tire 4 on the front axle 7. The vehicle 1 shown diagrammatically in this FIG. 1 is a heavy vehicle having a total laden weight of the order of 600 tons. The tires fitted to the vehicle are large tires with an aspect ratio H / S of 0.80, H being the height of the tire over rim and S the maximum axial width of the tire, when the latter is mounted on its service rim and inflated to its recommended pressure. These are 59 / 80R63 tires. These tires comprise a radial carcass reinforcement composed of inextensible metallic cables of steel oriented radially, anchored in each bead of the tires. The tires 2, 3 of the rear axle 6 are mounted according to the technique described in patent application WO 00/71365. According to this technique, the train 6 of the vehicle is designed to receive the tires 2, 3 by means of rings having a surface forming the seat for receiving the beads of the tires. The surface of these rings is advantageously of frustoconical shape. The receiving rings are themselves locked on the hub of the train by means of locking rings, part of their surface of which is complementary to the form of recesses provided on said hub in which said locking rings are inserted. According to the invention, the tire 3 has the essential function only of carrying and does not participate in the transmission of motor skills. Such an embodiment consists in attaching the tire 3 to a system of the free bearing type which allows the free rotation of said tire 3. This embodiment allows when the vehicle follows a curve curve, and in particular in turns with a small radius of curvature, to follow its journey without undergoing additional stresses due solely to its position on the train which leads it to follow a longer or shorter trajectory than the tires 2. Tests have been carried out to show the lifetimes of a train of four tires 59 / 80R63 according to the invention fitted to the rear axle of a vehicle, only the axially inner tires transmitting traction, and of a train of four identical tires fitted to the rear axle of a similar vehicle, the four tires permanently transmitting the traction. The results obtained are presented below: On a base 100 corresponding to the results obtained with the rear axle equipped with four tires permanently transmitting motor skills, the results show that the tires of a vehicle according to the invention have an average lifespan equivalent to 118 when only the axially inner tires of the rear axle transmitting traction. It appears that the results obtained according to the invention are clearly superior. The invention can provide that the tire 4 mounted on the front axle 7 also participates in the transmission of motor skills. In addition, the fact that the tire 4 transmits part of the traction can improve the handling of the vehicle in curved trajectories. In fact, a traction transmitted partially by the tires of the front axle can facilitate tracking of the trajectory when these same tires are turned, in particular when the vehicle is loaded. It appears, in fact, that under certain loading and driving conditions, the maneuverability of such a vehicle along a curve trajectory equipped with four tires 2, 3 as described above on the rear axle 6, two of them transmitting traction is very difficult or even impossible, the vehicle not responding to the steering imposed by the tires of the front axle. These conditions can also lead to cleavage and destruction of the front axle tires. Another variant of the invention provides for the tires 4 of the front axle 7 participating in the transmission of the motor skills to be driven individually by electric motors. Such an embodiment can make it possible to facilitate a variable, possibly progressive, transmission of motor skills by means of these tires 4 as a function of the trajectory followed and of the state of charge of said vehicle. It is also possible according to the invention to equip all of the tires 2, 3 and 4 of the vehicle with electric motors to allow a variable, possibly progressive, transmission of motricity via each of the tires as a function of the trajectory. followed and the state of charge of said vehicle. FIG. 2 illustrates another embodiment of a vehicle l 'according to the invention, which differs from the previous one by the presence of a complementary 5 ′ tire mounted on the front axle 7 ′ and therefore steering. The addition of this tire 5 ′ can allow a distribution of the load on more tires. Such an embodiment can make it possible, for example, to further increase the load capacity or even to allow a reduction in the size of the tires. An embodiment according to FIG. 2 can also make it possible to improve the handling of the vehicle under conditions such as those mentioned above which can lead to cleavage of the steering tires of the front axle 7 '. Indeed, the increase in the number of tires will make it possible to better resist the constraints leading to this cleavage and thus succeed in imposing the change of direction. The production of such a vehicle l 'can provide that the tire 5' has the sole function of carrying part of the load. According to other alternative embodiments, the tire 5 ′ can participate in the transmission of the motor skills either permanently or temporarily as mentioned above, or even in a variable manner, for example by the use of electric motors.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 - Véhicule lourd d'une masse supérieure à 40 tonnes, tel qu'un véhicule de transport ou un engin de « Génie Civil », comportant un train directeur muni d'au moins deux pneumatiques et d'un train moteur par lequel est transmise au moins une partie de la motricité caractérisé en ce que le train moteur comporte quatre pneumatiques, en ce qu'au plus deux pneumatiques transmettent au moins une partie de la motricité en permanence et en ce qu'au moins les pneumatiques du train moteur sont individuellement associés à un dispositif de freinage.1 - Heavy vehicle with a mass greater than 40 tonnes, such as a transport vehicle or a “Civil Engineering” machine, comprising a steering train fitted with at least two tires and a driving train through which is transmitted at least part of the drive characterized in that the drive train comprises four tires, in that at most two tires transmit at least part of the drive permanently and in that at least the tires of the drive train are individually associated with a braking device.
2 - Véhicule lourd d'une masse supérieure à 500 tonnes, tel qu'un véhicule de transport ou un engin de « Génie Civil » équipés de pneumatiques de structure radiale de diamètre supérieur à trois mètres cinquante présentant une largeur axiale supérieure à 37 pouces, comportant un train avant directeur muni d'au moins deux pneumatiques et d'un train arrière moteur par lequel est transmise au moins une partie de la motricité caractérisé en ce que le train arrière moteur comporte quatre pneumatiques, en ce qu'au plus deux pneumatiques transmettent au moins une partie de la motricité en permanence et en ce qu'au moins les pneumatiques du train moteur sont individuellement associés à un dispositif de freinage.2 - Heavy vehicle with a mass greater than 500 tonnes, such as a transport vehicle or a “Civil Engineering” machine equipped with tires of radial structure with a diameter greater than three and a half meters having an axial width greater than 37 inches, comprising a steering front axle provided with at least two tires and an engine rear axle through which at least part of the traction is transmitted, characterized in that the engine rear axle comprises four tires, in that at most two tires transmit at least part of the motor skills permanently and in that at least the tires of the drive train are individually associated with a braking device.
3 - Véhicule selon la revendication 1 ou 2 caractérisé en ce que les pneumatiques du train directeur sont individuellement associés à un dispositif de freinage.3 - Vehicle according to claim 1 or 2 characterized in that the tires of the steering gear are individually associated with a braking device.
3 - Véhicule selon la revendication 1 ou 2 caractérisé en ce que les pneumatiques axialement intérieurs montés sur le train moteur transmettent au moins une partie de la motricité en permanence.3 - Vehicle according to claim 1 or 2 characterized in that the axially inner tires mounted on the drive train transmit at least part of the motor skills permanently.
4 - Véhicule selon la revendication 1 à 3 caractérisé en ce que le train directeur comporte au moins deux pneumatiques transmettant au moins une partie de la motricité. 5 - Véhicule selon la revendication 1 à 4 caractérisé en ce que le train moteur comporte au moins quatre pneumatiques et en ce que les deux pneumatiques axialement intérieurs transmettent au moins une partie de la motricité.4 - Vehicle according to claim 1 to 3 characterized in that the steering gear comprises at least two tires transmitting at least part of the motor skills. 5 - Vehicle according to claim 1 to 4 characterized in that the drive train comprises at least four tires and in that the two axially inner tires transmit at least part of the traction.
6 - Véhicule selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5 caractérisé en ce que les pneumatiques transmettant au moins une partie de la motricité sont pilotés par un moteur électrique.6 - Vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 5 characterized in that the tires transmitting at least part of the motor skills are driven by an electric motor.
7 - Véhicule selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6 caractérisé en ce que les pneumatiques sont montés sur un moyeu par l'intermédiaire de premiers anneaux de montage formant les sièges des bourrelets des pneumatiques et de seconds anneaux de blocage garantissant la mise en place desdits premiers anneaux qui se solidarisent au moyeu du fait notamment de profils complémentaires à des évidements prévus sur le moyeu. 7 - Vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 6 characterized in that the tires are mounted on a hub by means of first mounting rings forming the seats of the beads of the tires and second locking rings guaranteeing the establishment said first rings which join to the hub due in particular to profiles complementary to recesses provided on the hub.
EP04740918A 2003-07-17 2004-07-12 Heavy vehicle Withdrawn EP1648757A1 (en)

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JP2009513416A (en) 2009-04-02
CA2531998C (en) 2013-06-25
CN1822979A (en) 2006-08-23
CA2531998A1 (en) 2005-02-24
US7448457B2 (en) 2008-11-11
US20060113124A1 (en) 2006-06-01
CN1822979B (en) 2010-10-06
JP5037124B2 (en) 2012-09-26

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