EP1639574B1 - Procedes d'attaque d'afficheurs electro-optiques - Google Patents

Procedes d'attaque d'afficheurs electro-optiques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1639574B1
EP1639574B1 EP04777306.4A EP04777306A EP1639574B1 EP 1639574 B1 EP1639574 B1 EP 1639574B1 EP 04777306 A EP04777306 A EP 04777306A EP 1639574 B1 EP1639574 B1 EP 1639574B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pixels
frame
scanning
pixel
groups
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP04777306.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1639574A1 (fr
EP1639574A4 (fr
Inventor
Karl R. Amundson
Robert W. Zehner
Ara Knaian
Benjamin Zion
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E Ink Corp
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E Ink Corp
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Priority claimed from US10/814,205 external-priority patent/US7119772B2/en
Application filed by E Ink Corp filed Critical E Ink Corp
Priority to EP15000723.5A priority Critical patent/EP2947647A3/fr
Publication of EP1639574A1 publication Critical patent/EP1639574A1/fr
Publication of EP1639574A4 publication Critical patent/EP1639574A4/fr
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/3433—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices
    • G09G3/344—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices based on particles moving in a fluid or in a gas, e.g. electrophoretic devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2310/00—Command of the display device
    • G09G2310/06—Details of flat display driving waveforms
    • G09G2310/068—Application of pulses of alternating polarity prior to the drive pulse in electrophoretic displays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/2007—Display of intermediate tones
    • G09G3/2044—Display of intermediate tones using dithering

Definitions

  • This invention relates to methods for driving electro-optic displays.
  • the methods of the present invention are especially, though not exclusively, intended for use in driving bistable electrophoretic displays.
  • optical-optic as applied to a material or a display, is used herein in its conventional meaning in the imaging art to refer to a material having first and second display states differing in at least one optical property, the material being changed from its first to its second display state by application of an electric field to the material.
  • the optical property is typically color perceptible to the human eye, it may be another optical property, such as optical transmission, reflectance, luminescence or, in the case of displays intended for machine reading, pseudo-color in the sense of a change in reflectance of electromagnetic wavelengths outside the visible range.
  • gray state is used herein in its conventional meaning in the imaging art to refer to a state intermediate two extreme optical states of a pixel, and does not necessarily imply a black-white transition between these two extreme states.
  • extreme states are white and deep blue, so that an intermediate "gray state” would actually be pale blue. Indeed, as already mentioned the transition between the two extreme states may not be a color change at all.
  • bistable and “bistability” are used herein in their conventional meaning in the imaging art to refer to displays comprising display elements having first and second display states differing in at least one optical property, and such that after any given element has been driven, by means of an addressing pulse of finite duration, to assume either its first or second display state, after the addressing pulse has terminated, that state will persist for at least several times, for example at least four times, the minimum duration of the addressing pulse required to change the state of the display element.
  • WO 02/079869 some particle-based electrophoretic displays capable of gray scale are stable not only in their extreme black and white states but also in their intermediate gray states, and the same is true of some other types of electro-optic displays. This type of display is properly called “multi-stable” rather than bistable, although for convenience the term “bistable” may be used herein to cover both bistable and multi-stable displays.
  • impulse is used herein in its conventional meaning in the imaging art of the integral of voltage with respect to time.
  • bistable electro-optic media act as charge transducers, and with such media an alternative definition of impulse, namely the integral of current over time (which is equal to the total charge applied) may be used.
  • the appropriate definition of impulse should be used, depending on whether the medium acts as a voltage-time impulse transducer or a charge impulse transducer.
  • electro-optic displays are known, for example the rotating bichromal member type as described, for example, in U.S. Patents Nos. 5,808,783 ; 5,777,782 ; 5,760,761 ; 6,054,071 6,055,091 ; 6,097,531 ; 6,128,124 ; 6,137,467 ; and 6,147,791 and the electrochromic type; see, for example O'Regan, B., et al., Nature 1991, 353, 737 ; and Wood, D., Information Display, 18(3), 24 (March 2002 ). See also Bach, U., et al., Adv.
  • Nanochromic films of this type are also described, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 6,301,038 , International Application Publication No. WO 01/27690 , and in U.S. Patent Application 2003/0214695 .
  • WO 99/67678 WO 00/05704 ; WO 00/38000 ; WO 00/38001 ; WO00/36560 ; WO 00/67110 ; WO 00/67327 ; WO 01/07961 ; WO 01/08241 ; WO 03/092077 ; WO 03/107315 ; WO 2004/017035 ; and WO 2004/023202 .
  • microcell electrophoretic display A related type of electrophoretic display is a so-called "microcell electrophoretic display".
  • the charged particles and the suspending fluid are not encapsulated within capsules but instead are retained within a plurality of cavities formed within a carrier medium, typically a polymeric film.
  • a carrier medium typically a polymeric film.
  • electrophoretic media are often opaque (since, for example, in many electrophoretic media, the particles substantially block transmission of visible light through the display) and operate in a reflective mode
  • many electrophoretic displays can be made to operate in a so-called "shutter mode" in which one display state is substantially opaque and one is light-transmissive. See, for example, the aforementioned U.S. Patents Nos. 6,130,774 and 6,172,798 , and U.S. Patents Nos. 5,872,552 ; 6,144,361 ; 6,271,823 ; 6,225,971 ; and 6,184,856 .
  • Dielectrophoretic displays which are similar to electrophoretic displays but rely upon variations in electric field strength, can operate in a similar mode; see U.S. Patent No. 4,418,346 .
  • Other types of electro-optic displays may also be capable of operating in shutter mode.
  • LC displays liquid crystal
  • Twisted nematic liquid crystals act are not bi- or multi-stable but act as voltage transducers, so that applying a given electric field to a pixel of such a display produces a specific gray level at the pixel, regardless of the gray level previously present at the pixel.
  • LC displays are only driven in one direction (from non-transmissive or "dark” to transmissive or “light”), the reverse transition from a lighter state to a darker one being effected by reducing or eliminating the electric field.
  • bistable electro-optic displays act, to a first approximation, as impulse transducers, so that the final state of a pixel depends not only upon the electric field applied and the time for which this field is applied, but also upon the state of the pixel prior to the application of the electric field.
  • general grayscale image flow suffers from an "accumulation of errors" phenomenon which may produce deviations in gray levels apparent to the average observer on certain types of images. This accumulation of errors phenomenon applies to errors of all the types listed above. As described in the aforementioned 2003/0137521 , compensating for such errors is possible, but only to a limited degree of precision. Thus, general grayscale image flow requires very precise control of applied impulse to give good results, and empirically it has been found that, in the present state of the technology of electro-optic displays, general grayscale image flow is infeasible in a commercial display.
  • electro-optic medium have a built-in resetting (error limiting) mechanism, namely their extreme (typically black and white) optical states, which function as "optical rails".
  • error limiting error limiting
  • a specific impulse has been applied to a pixel of an electro-optic display, that pixel cannot get any whiter (or blacker).
  • whiter or blacker
  • all the electrophoretic particles are forced against one another or against the capsule wall, and cannot move further, thus producing a limiting optical state or optical rail.
  • This invention seeks to provide methods for achieving fine control of gray levels in displays driven by pulse width modulation.
  • pulse width modulation driving of active matrix displays is effected by scanning the matrix multiple times, with the drive voltage being applied during none, some or all of the scans, depending upon the change desired in the gray level of the specific pixel.
  • Each scan may be regarded as a frame of the drive waveform, with the complete addressing pulse being a superframe formed by a plurality of successive frames.
  • the drive voltage is only applied to any specific pixel electrode for one line address time during each scan, the drive voltage persists on the pixel electrodes during the time between successive selections of the same line, only slowly decaying, so that the pixel is driven between successive selections of the same line.
  • each row of the matrix needs to be individually selected during each frame so that for high resolution displays (for example, 800 x 600 pixel displays) in practice the frame rate cannot exceed about 50 to 100 Hz; thus each frame typically lasts 10 to 20 ms. Frames of this length lead to difficulties in fine control of gray scale with many fast switching electro-optic medium.
  • some encapsulated electrophoretic media substantially complete a switch between their extreme optical states (a transition of about 30 L* units) within about 100 ms, and with such a medium a 20 ms frame corresponds to a gray scale shift of about 6 L* units.
  • This invention provides a method for driving an electro-optic display having a plurality of pixels divided into a plurality of groups, wherein a complete rewriting of the display is achieved by a pulse width modulation method by scanning the matrix a plurality of times in respective frame periods being equal in length, each time supplying each pixel with either a drive voltage or a non-drive voltage.
  • This method comprises:
  • This method may hereinafter for convenience be referred to as the "interrupted scanning" method of the present invention.
  • the interrupted scanning method may include multiple pause periods; thus the method may comprise scanning the groups of pixels during at least first, second and third frame periods, and interrupting the scanning of the groups of pixels during at least first and second pause periods between successive frame periods.
  • the first, second and third frame periods may be substantially equal in length, and the total length of the pause periods be equal to one frame period or one frame period minus one pause period.
  • the pixels are arranged in a matrix having a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns with each pixel defined by the intersection of a given row and a given column, and each group of pixels comprises one row or one column of the matrix.
  • the interrupted scanning method is preferably DC balanced, i.e., the scanning of the display is preferably effected such that, for any series of transitions undergone by a pixel, the integral of the applied voltage with time is bounded.
  • the method of the present invention as described above may be carried out with any of the aforementioned types of electro-optic media.
  • the method of the present invention may be used with electro-optic displays comprising an electrochromic or rotating bichromal member electro-optic medium, an encapsulated electrophoretic medium, or a microcell electrophoretic medium.
  • electro-optic displays comprising an electrochromic or rotating bichromal member electro-optic medium, an encapsulated electrophoretic medium, or a microcell electrophoretic medium.
  • Other types of electro-optic media may also be employed.
  • the present invention makes use of pause periods between adjacent frames of a transition; such pause periods are discussed in more detail below with reference to the interrupted scanning method of the present invention.
  • the pixels are divided into a series of groups (normally a plurality of rows), each of these plurality of groups is selected in succession (i.e., typically the rows of the matrix are scanned) and there is applied to each of the pixels in the selected group either a drive voltage or a non-drive voltage.
  • the scanning of all the groups of pixels is completed within a frame period.
  • the scanning of the groups of pixels is repeated, and, in a typical electro-optic display, the scanning will be repeated more than once during the group of frames (conveniently referred to as a superframe) required for a complete rewriting of the display.
  • a fixed scan rate is used for updating, for example 50 Hz, which allows for 20 msec frames.
  • this frame length may provide insufficient resolution for optimal waveform performance.
  • frames of length t/2 are desirable, for example 10 msec frames in a normally 20 msec frame length waveform. It is possible to combine frames of differing delay times to generate a pulse resolution of n/2.
  • a single frame of length 1.5*t may be inserted at the beginning of the waveform, and a similar frame at the end of the waveform (immediately before the terminating 0 V frame, which should occur at the ordinary frame rate and which is normally used at the end of the waveform to prevent undesirable effects caused by varying residual voltages on pixels).
  • the two longer frames can be realized by simply adding a 0.5*t delay time between the scanning of two adjacent frames.
  • the waveform would then have the structure:
  • the initial and final frames plus their respective delays would amount to 30 msec each.
  • the initial and final pulses are allowed to vary by 10 msec in length, by using the following algorithm:
  • n-PP SS uncompensated n-prepulse slide show
  • this invention provides an "interrupted scanning" method for driving a bistable electrophoretic display having a plurality of pixels divided into a plurality of groups.
  • the optical state of a pixel is controlled by a pulse width modulation method by scanning the matrix a plurality of time.
  • the method comprises selecting each of the plurality of groups of pixels in succession and applying to each of the pixels in the selected group either a drive voltage or a non-drive voltage, the scanning of all the groups of pixels being completed in a first frame period.
  • the scanning of the groups of pixels is repeated during a second frame period (it being understood that any specific pixel may have the drive voltage applied during the first frame period and the non-drive voltage applied during the second frame period, or vice versa ).
  • the scanning of the groups of pixels is interrupted during a pause period between the first and second frame periods, this pause period being not longer than the first or second frame period.
  • the first and second frame periods are equal in length, and the length of the pause period is a sub-multiple (desirably, one half, one fourth etc.) of the length of one of the frame periods.
  • the interrupted scanning method may include multiple pause periods between different pairs of adjacent frame periods. Such multiple pause periods are preferably of substantially equal length, and the total length the multiple pause periods is preferably equal to either one complete frame period, or equal to one frame period less one pause period. For example, as discussed in more detail below, one embodiment of the first method might use multiple 20 ms frame periods, and either three or four 5 ms pause periods.
  • the groups of pixels will of course typically be the rows of a conventional row/column active matrix pixel array.
  • the interrupted scanning method comprises selecting each of the plurality of groups of pixels in succession (i.e., typically, scanning the rows of the matrix) and applying to each of the pixels in the selected group either a drive voltage or a non-drive voltage, the scanning of all the groups of pixels being completed in a first frame period.
  • the scanning of the groups of pixels is repeated, and in a typical electro-optic display, the scanning will be repeated more than once during the superframe required for a complete rewriting of the display.
  • the scanning of the groups of pixels is interrupted during a pause period between the first and second frame periods, this pause period being not longer than the first or second frame period.
  • a drive voltage is only applied to any specific pixel electrode for one line address time during each scan, the drive voltage persists on the pixel electrodes during the time between successive selections of the same line, only slowly decaying, so that the pixel continues to driven during the time when other lines of the matrix are being selected, and the interrupted scanning method relies upon this continued driving of the pixel during its "non-selected" time. Ignoring for the moment the slow decay of the voltage on the pixel electrode during its non-selected time, a pixel which is set to the driving voltage during the frame period immediately preceding the pause period will continue to experience the driving voltage during the pause period, so that for such a pixel the preceding frame period is in effect lengthened by the length of the pause period.
  • a pixel which is set to the non-driving (typically zero) voltage during the frame period immediately preceding the pause period will continue to experience the zero voltage during the pause period. It may be desirable to adjust the length of the pause period to allow for the slow decay of the voltage on the pixel electrode in order to ensure that the total impulse delivered to the pixel during the pause period has the desired value.
  • a 10 ms pause period may be inserted between two successive 20 ms frames, and this simple modification halves the maximum possible difference between the applied impulse and the impulse ideally needed to complete a given transition, thereby in practice approximately halving the maximum deviation in achieved gray scale level.
  • the 10 ms pause period is conveniently inserted after the penultimate frame in each superframe but may be inserted at other points in the superframe if desired.
  • the pause periods can of course be of any number and length required to achieve the desired control over the impulse applied.
  • the drive scheme could be modified to include three 5 ms pause periods after different 20 ms drive frames, desirably with the addition to the drive scheme of three further 20 ms drive frames not followed by pause periods.
  • This modified drive scheme permits one to apply to any given pixel impulses of:
  • bistable electro-optic media require application of impulses of both polarities.
  • some drive schemes such as slide show drive schemes, before a new image is written to the display, all the pixels of the display are first driven to one extreme optical state, either black or white, and thereafter the pixels are driven to their final gray states by impulses of a single polarity.
  • Such drive schemes can be modified in accordance with the interrupted scanning method in the manner already described.
  • Other drive schemes require application of impulses of both polarities to drive the pixels to their final gray states.
  • the impulses of the two polarities may be applied in separate frames or impulses of the two polarities may be applied in the same frames, for example using a tri-level drive scheme in which the common front electrode is held at a voltage of V/2, while individual pixel electrodes are held at 0, V/2 or V.
  • the interrupted scanning method is desirably effected by providing at least two separate pause periods, one following a frame in which impulses of one polarity are applied and the second following a frame in which impulses of the opposed polarity are applied.
  • the interrupted scanning method may make use of only a single pause period since, as will be apparent from the foregoing discussion, the effect of including a pause period after a frame is to increase the magnitude of the impulse applied to any pixel to which a driving voltage was applied in the frame, regardless of the polarity of this driving voltage.
  • bistable electro-optic media are desirably driven with drive schemes which achieve long term direct current (DC) balance, and such DC balance is conveniently effected using a drive scheme in which a DC balance section, which does not substantially change the gray level of the pixel, is applied before the main drive section, which does change the gray level, the two sections being chosen so that the algebraic sum of the impulses applied is zero or at least very small.
  • a DC balance section which does not substantially change the gray level of the pixel
  • the main drive section which does change the gray level
  • DC balance section it is not necessary that the DC balance section be modified in a manner which is an exact mirror image of the modification of the main drive section, since the DC balance section can have gaps (zero voltage frames) and most electro-optic medium are not harmed by short term DC imbalances.
  • DC balance can be achieved by making the first frame of the drive scheme 30 ms in duration. Applying or not applying a driving voltage to a pixel during this frame brings the overall impulse to a multiple of 20 units, so that this impulse can readily be balanced later.
  • the first two frames of the drive scheme can similarly be 25 and 30 ms in duration (in either order), again bringing the overall impulse to a multiple of 20 units.
  • the interrupted scanning method of the present invention requires a trade-off between increased addressing time caused by the need to include one additional frame in each superframe for each pause period inserted, and the improved control of impulse and hence gray scale produced by the method.
  • the interrupted scanning method can provide very substantial improvement in impulse control with only modest increase in addressing time; for example, the drive scheme described above in which a superframe comprising ten 20 ms frames is modified to include three 5 ms pause periods yields a four-fold improvement in impulse accuracy at the cost of less than a 40 per cent increase in addressing time.
  • the method of the present invention may make use of various additional variations and techniques described in the aforementioned applications, especially the aforementioned WO 03/044765 and PCT/US2004/010091 . It will be appreciated that in the overall waveform used to drive an electro-optic display, in at least some cases certain transitions may be effected in accordance with the present invention, while other transitions may not make use of the method of the present invention but may make use of other types of transitions described below. For example, the method of the present invention may make use of any one or more of:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal Display Device Control (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Procédé d'attaque d'un afficheur électrophorétique à matrice active bistable comportant une pluralité de pixels divisés en une pluralité de groupes, dans lequel une réécriture complète de l'afficheur est effectuée par un procédé de modulation d'impulsion en largeur en balayant la matrice une pluralité de fois au cours de périodes de trame de mêmes longueurs, en délivrant chaque fois à chaque pixel soit une tension d'attaque soit une tension de non-attaque, le procédé consistant à :
    (a) balayer la matrice en sélectionnant chacun de la pluralité de groupes de pixels et en appliquant à chacun des pixels du groupe sélectionné soit la tension d'attaque soit la tension de non-attaque, le balayage de tous les groupes de pixels étant effectué au cours d'une première desdites périodes de trame ; et
    (b) répéter le balayage des groupes de pixels au cours d'une deuxième desdites périodes de trame,
    le procédé étant caractérisé en ce que le balayage des groupes de pixels est interrompu au cours d'une période de pause entre les première et deuxième périodes de trame, ladite période de pause ayant une longueur égale à un sous-multiple d'une période de trame.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le procédé consiste à balayer les groupes de pixels au cours d'au moins des première, deuxième et troisième périodes de trame, et à interrompre le balayage des groupes de pixels au cours d'au moins des première et deuxième périodes de pause entre des périodes de trame successives.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, dans lequel les première, deuxième et troisième périodes de trame ont sensiblement les mêmes longueurs et la longueur totale des périodes de pause est égale à une période de trame ou à une période de trame moins une période de pause.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les pixels sont agencés en une matrice ayant une pluralité de lignes et une pluralité de colonnes, chaque pixel étant défini par l'intersection d'une ligne donnée et d'une colonne donnée, et dans lequel chaque groupe de pixels comprend une ligne ou une colonne de la matrice.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'afficheur électro-optique comprend un support électrophorétique encapsulé.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'afficheur électro-optique comprend un support électrophorétique à microcellules.
EP04777306.4A 2003-06-30 2004-06-30 Procedes d'attaque d'afficheurs electro-optiques Expired - Lifetime EP1639574B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15000723.5A EP2947647A3 (fr) 2003-06-30 2004-06-30 Procédés de commande d'affichages électro-optiques

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US48104003P 2003-06-30 2003-06-30
US48105303P 2003-07-02 2003-07-02
US48140503P 2003-09-22 2003-09-22
US10/814,205 US7119772B2 (en) 1999-04-30 2004-03-31 Methods for driving bistable electro-optic displays, and apparatus for use therein
PCT/US2004/021000 WO2005006290A1 (fr) 2003-06-30 2004-06-30 Procedes d'attaque d'afficheurs electro-optiques

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EP15000723.5A Division EP2947647A3 (fr) 2003-06-30 2004-06-30 Procédés de commande d'affichages électro-optiques
EP15000723.5A Division-Into EP2947647A3 (fr) 2003-06-30 2004-06-30 Procédés de commande d'affichages électro-optiques

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EP1639574A1 EP1639574A1 (fr) 2006-03-29
EP1639574A4 EP1639574A4 (fr) 2009-01-21
EP1639574B1 true EP1639574B1 (fr) 2015-04-22

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EP04777306.4A Expired - Lifetime EP1639574B1 (fr) 2003-06-30 2004-06-30 Procedes d'attaque d'afficheurs electro-optiques

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JP (4) JP5904690B2 (fr)
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US20080303780A1 (en) 2007-06-07 2008-12-11 Sipix Imaging, Inc. Driving methods and circuit for bi-stable displays
US8373649B2 (en) * 2008-04-11 2013-02-12 Seiko Epson Corporation Time-overlapping partial-panel updating of a bistable electro-optic display
JP5338622B2 (ja) * 2009-11-04 2013-11-13 セイコーエプソン株式会社 電気泳動表示装置の駆動方法、電気泳動表示装置、及び電子機器
JP5540880B2 (ja) * 2010-05-18 2014-07-02 セイコーエプソン株式会社 電気泳動表示装置の駆動方法、並びに電気泳動表示装置及び電子機器
KR101954553B1 (ko) 2012-02-01 2019-03-05 이 잉크 코포레이션 전기-광학 디스플레이들을 구동하기 위한 방법들
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