EP1611417A2 - Detection de presence par capteur capacitif - Google Patents
Detection de presence par capteur capacitifInfo
- Publication number
- EP1611417A2 EP1611417A2 EP04722576A EP04722576A EP1611417A2 EP 1611417 A2 EP1611417 A2 EP 1611417A2 EP 04722576 A EP04722576 A EP 04722576A EP 04722576 A EP04722576 A EP 04722576A EP 1611417 A2 EP1611417 A2 EP 1611417A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- capacitor
- sensor according
- charge
- charging
- cxi
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
- E05B81/00—Power-actuated vehicle locks
- E05B81/54—Electrical circuits
- E05B81/64—Monitoring or sensing, e.g. by using switches or sensors
- E05B81/76—Detection of handle operation; Detection of a user approaching a handle; Electrical switching actions performed by door handles
- E05B81/78—Detection of handle operation; Detection of a user approaching a handle; Electrical switching actions performed by door handles as part of a hands-free locking or unlocking operation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
- H03K17/945—Proximity switches
- H03K17/955—Proximity switches using a capacitive detector
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
- H03K17/96—Touch switches
- H03K17/962—Capacitive touch switches
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the presence detection using a capacitive sensor.
- a field of application more particularly concerned with the present invention is that of motor vehicles, the capacitive sensor forming part of a so-called hands-free system securing access to a motor vehicle, in which a user authorized to access to the vehicle is authenticated by the exchange of radio frequency signals between an identification device located at the level of the vehicle, and a portable identifier kept by the user.
- This exchange generally consists of an interrogation signal sent by the identification equipment, to which the identifier will respond with a response signal containing identification data.
- the identification equipment can subsequently compare these identification data with its own data, and. whether to authorize unlocking or even automatic opening of the opening, depending on the result of the comparison.
- the interrogation signal is transmitted at low frequency, typically at 125 KHz.
- this interrogation signal is transmitted at a higher frequency, typically of the order of 433 MHz.
- the response signal is generally transmitted at a frequency also around 433 MHz.
- the sensor in which we are more specifically interested in the following is a capacitive sensor, that is to say of the type comprising two electrodes coupled together so as to
- the object of the present invention is to propose a method for measuring variation in alternative capacity based on the charging phase of the capacitor, the variation in capacity of which must be determined.
- the present invention relates to a capacitive type presence sensor, comprising at least one detection electrode forming part of a capacitor whose capacity is likely to vary when approaching an object or d '' a body part of a user, and a unit for charging the capacitor applying charge cycles to said capacitor, characterized in that it further comprises means for measuring a quantity, the variation of which reflects a variation of the current of charge of the capacitor and, connected to these measuring means, an operating unit of this quantity to determine from the variation of said quantity between successive cycles of charge of the capacitor a variation of said capacitance of the capacitor following an approach of an object or part of a user's body.
- the sensor according to the invention may also include one or more of the following characteristics:
- said measuring means comprise a pulse transformer having a primary winding disposed between the charging unit and the capacitor and a secondary winding for delivering a voltage proportional to the charging current of the capacitor,
- said measuring means comprise a circuit for rectifying said voltage at the output of the secondary winding
- said measuring means comprise a storage capacity connected to the output of the rectification circuit
- the rectification circuit comprises at least one component, preferably a diode, to prevent the immediate discharge of the storage capacity during a charge cycle,
- the capacitor charging unit is produced so as to deliver a voltage of rectangular shape
- the capacitor charging unit is a clock delivering voltage pulses whose duration and amplitude are chosen so that a
- the number of leads for charging said storage capacitor is between 500 and 1500
- said quantity is the number of charge cells necessary for the voltage across the storage capacitor to reach a predefined value
- said quantity is the voltage measured across the storage capacitor after a number of predefined charge sockets
- the operating unit comprises means for comparing said quantity with a reference value, these comparison means delivering a signal characteristic of an approach to an object or a body part of a user when the difference between said quantity and the reference value exceeds a predetermined threshold,
- the reference value is a moving average of said magnitude over a predetermined number of charge cycles
- the operating unit includes a digital processing module with a microprocessor or microcontroller,
- the capacitor capacity is chosen so that it is less than half of a parasitic capacitance due to the environment
- the sensor is part of a hands-free system securing access to a motor vehicle, said sensor delivering a signal characteristic of an approach to an object or part of a user's body with a view to launching a user identification phase,
- Said sensor is part of a sash motorization system, said sensor delivering a signal characteristic of an approach to an object or a body part of a user in order to move the sash to a position closed or open depending on its initial position,
- the sensor constitutes an approach sensor, detecting the presence without the need for contact
- the presence sensor constitutes a touch sensor.
- the sensor according to the invention comprises:
- first selection means for selecting one of said charge units to apply charge cycles to one of said capacitors
- Said sensor comprising means for measuring a quantity proportional to the charging current of said first capacitor or of said second capacitor, said measuring means comprising a pulse transformer comprising:
- a primary winding having a first terminal and a second terminal having two configurations: a first configuration when said first charging unit is selected, said first terminal being connected to said first charging unit and said second terminal being connected to said first capacitor, a second configuration when said second charging unit is selected, said first terminal being connected to said second capacitor and said second terminal being connected to said second charging unit,
- a secondary winding for delivering a voltage proportional to the charging current of said first capacitor when said first charging unit is selected and to the charging current of said second capacitor when said second charging unit is selected.
- Such a solution makes it possible to use only one transformer for a sensor carrying out two capacitive detections, for example of the “approach” and “tactile” type.
- Such a sensor has advantages of cost and size compared to a solution using a transformer for each type of detection.
- said first and said second load unit are each made so as to deliver voltage pulses, the energy being transmitted from said first winding to said second winding from the rising edges of the pulses of a charge cycle of said first capacitor and from the falling edges of pulses of a charge cycle of said second capacitor.
- the senor according to the invention comprises:
- first selection means for selecting one of said charge units to apply charge cycles to one of said capacitors
- said measuring means comprising:
- a pulse transformer comprising: a primary winding disposed between said first charge unit and said first capacitor, a secondary winding disposed between said second charge unit and said second capacitor,
- said sensor further comprising: • .. ' : • /.,. , '
- each of said measuring means comprises: a circuit for rectifying the voltage at the output of one of said primary or secondary windings,
- said rectifying circuit comprises a diode-type component to prevent the immediate discharge of said storage capacity during a charging cycle, each of said first and second measuring means further comprising means controlled for connect one of the terminals of said component to a constant potential.
- the invention also relates to a door handle for a motor vehicle, characterized in that it incorporates a presence sensor according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a sensor according to a first embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 a diagram to illustrate the operating principle of the sensor of FIG. 1, and
- FIG. 3 shows a diagram to illustrate the operation of the sensor of FIG. 1,
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a sensor according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a sensor according to a third embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 1 is shown a block diagram of a presence sensor 1 of
- Such a sensor. presence 1 can be integrated into a handle, behind an ornamental object of the vehicle such as the logo or at the level of the control panel of a motor vehicle and is essentially used to detect the intention of a user to trigger an operation of '' an electronic module / system of the vehicle.
- a system can for example be a hands-free system securing access to the vehicle.
- the sensor delivers on approaching an object or a body part of the user such as the hand a characteristic signal S for for example launching an identification of a user by exchange of signals radio frequencies or to trigger a total or partial closure of the vehicle.
- such a sensor is part of a motorized system of an opening such as a trunk, a tailgate or a sliding or pivoting side door.
- the characteristic signal S c triggers either the opening of the lock of the opening in question and the activation of a motor to move the opening from the closed position to the open position, or the activation of a motor to move the door from the open position to the closed position and locking the door lock in question.
- the senor 1 can also function as an approach sensor, detecting the presence without the need for contact, or with reduced sensitivity such as a touch sensor.
- the senor 1 comprises at least one electrode 3 for detecting a capacitor 5 of capacitance C, intended to be integrated in an element, for example a handle (not shown).
- the capacitor will preferably have a capacity
- the other electrode 7 of the capacitor is connected to ground and can be formed either by the object or the body part of the user or by another physical electrode also integrated in the handle so that the object or the user's hand cuts the field lines between the two electrodes 3 and 7.
- the capacitance of the capacitor 5 is chosen so that it is less than half of a parasitic capacitance due to the environment.
- the capacitance C of the capacitor 5 which is liable to vary when approaching an object or a body part of a user.
- ⁇ C the value of which can be between 1/50 to 1/200, or even
- the senor 1 comprises a unit 9 for charging the capacitor 5.
- this unit 9 is a clock which delivers, during a charge cycle, a train of voltage pulses of rectangular shape.
- the number of wells per charge cycle is between 50 and 5000 wells, preferably between 500 and 1500. To have good sensitivity, it can be established as a rule of thumb that
- K is a constant between 5 and 20, preferably 10.
- K is a constant between 5 and 20, preferably 10.
- the measuring principle of the sensor according to the invention lies in the fact that the charging current I of the capacitor 5, in particular the peak of this charging current or the amount of charging current, is proportional to the capacity C of the capacitor 5 which therefore makes it possible to measure a variation in capacity.
- the charging unit 9 delivers as the charging well of the capacitor 5 a rectangular signal of sufficient duration for the capacitor C to almost reach a
- the sensor 1 comprises measuring means 11 of a quantity, the variation of which reflects a variation of the charging current of the capacitor 5 and, connected to these measuring means 5, a unit of exploitation 13 of this quantity to determine from the variation of said quantity between successive charge cycles of the capacitor a variation ⁇ C of said capacitance of the capacitor 5 following an approach of an object or a body part of a user.
- the measuring means 11 comprise a pulse transformer 15 having a primary winding 17 disposed between the charging unit 9 and the capacitor 5 as well as a secondary winding 19 for delivering a voltage proportional to the current charging capacitor 5.
- the output of the rectifying circuit 21 is connected to a storage capacitor
- the rectifying circuit 21 comprises at least one component, preferably a diode 25 which is blocked.
- the operating unit 13 has at least one, preferably two inputs, a first input connected to the storage capacitor 23 so as to be able to receive a signal representative of the voltage U of the capacitor 23 and a second input connected to the charging unit 9 in order to be able to count the number of pulses delivered by this unit 9.
- the input receiving the voltage U is connected to a first input of a comparison unit 27, the second input of this unit 27 being connected to a component 29 delivering a signal representative of a reference voltage U.
- the output of the comparison unit 27 is connected to a controller 31. This controller
- 31 also includes memories (not shown) for storing results of previous cycles and for determining a variation with respect to these past charge cycles. Such a variation being considered as a variation ⁇ C of the capacitance of the capacitor 5.
- the controller 31 is also connected to the charging unit 9 so as to count the number of pulses delivered per cycle on the one hand and interrupt the cycle as a function of the signal on the other hand issued by the unit of
- the operating unit 13 comprises a digital processing module with a microprocessor or microcontroller to perform these operations.
- the operating unit 13 finally includes an output 33 delivering the signal Se.
- the charging unit of the capacitor is a clock made so as to deliver voltage wells, the duration and amplitude of which are chosen so that a voltage well charges the capacitor 5 and a charging cycle necessary to charge said storage capacitor 23 to a predetermined voltage level comprises a number of leads between 50 and 5000 leads, preferably between 500 and 1500. It is understood that the capacity of the storage capacitor 23 is much greater than that of the capacitor 5.
- the charging unit 9 delivers, during a charging cycle, a train of voltage pulses of rectangular shape to charge the capacitor 5 at each pulse.
- the unit 27 compares the voltage U with
- the unit 31 compares the number of pulses obtained with those of the preceding cycles and delivers the characteristic signal S when a significant variation is observed between at least two charge cycles.
- the quantity measured is the number of pulses or the voltage U at the terminals
- a floating average is applied over a predetermined number of charge cycles as a comparison reference to overcome the drift phenomena of the circuit due to external influences.
- This operating mode is preferred, in particular for an application in which the detection surface of the sensor is exposed to the weather or the paint on the handle is conductive because it makes it possible to better overcome the problems associated with parasitic capacity. tending to uncontrollably widen the detection area.
- a pulse / clock charge unit the charge of the “parasitic capacitor” is limited and the detection zone remains well defined, since the charges remain better confined at the level of the detection electrode 3.
- the sensor according to the invention allows simple, effective and inexpensive capacitive detection.
- FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of a presence sensor 10 of the capacitive type according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- This sensor 10 makes it possible to operate both as an approach sensor, detecting the presence without the need for contact, and as a touch sensor with a reduced sensitivity.
- the sensor 10 comprises two electrodes E1 and E2 for the respective detection of two capacitors Cxi and Cx2. These two electrodes are intended to allow the two types of detection, for example of the “approach” and “tactile” type.
- each of the capacitors Cxi and Cx2 is connected to ground and can be formed either by the object or the body part of the user or by another physical electrode also integrated in the handle so that the object or the user's hand cuts the field lines between the two electrodes.
- the sensor 10 further comprises:
- a first and a second charge unit Genl and Gen2 adapted respectively to apply charge cycles to the capacitors Cxi and Cx2,
- first selection means such as switches Sw3 and Sw6 respectively in series with the first and second load units Genl and Gen2 to select one of said load units Genl or Gen2 in order to apply charge cycles to the 'one of the capacitors Cxi or Cx2,
- Txl pulse transformer comprising:
- a first rectifying circuit D2 such as a diode, of the voltage at the output of the primary winding
- a second rectification circuit Dl such as a diode, of the voltage at the output of the secondary winding
- first means Sw1 such as a switch in parallel on the storage capacity Cs2, for discharging the storage capacity Cs2,
- first controlled means Sw2 such as a switch connected between the output of the first rectifying circuit D2 and a generator of constant voltage Vcc,
- - second controlled means Sw8 such as a switch connected between the output of the second rectification circuit Dl and the constant voltage generator Vcc.
- each of the Genl and Ge ⁇ 2 charge units respectively delivers a rectangular signal of amplitude Vcc and of a duration sufficient for the capacitor Cxi or the capacitor Cx2 to almost reach an electrostatic equilibrium.
- Each of the channels goes through a circuit reset phase, that is to say
- the switch Sw2 (resp. Sw8) makes it possible to force the cathode of the diode D2 (resp. Dl) to a potential Vcc during the acquisition channel 1 (resp. Channel 2) so that the diode D2 (resp. Dl) does not pass during charging of the Genl charging unit (resp. Gen2).
- the switch Sw5 makes it possible to connect the secondary winding (resp. Primary) to the ground during the acquisition of channel 1 (resp. Channel 2) to allow the secondary winding ( resp. primary) to supply a voltage proportional to the charging current of the capacitor Cxi (resp. Cx2) when the charging unit Genl (resp. Gen2) is selected.
- the switch Sw7 (resp. Swl) makes it possible to discharge the storage capacity Csl (resp. Cs2) during the reset phase of channel 1 (resp. Channel 2).
- This operating unit to determine, from the variation in the number of pulses for loading one storage capacitors Csl or Cs2, a corresponding variation ⁇ Cxl or ⁇ Cx2, for example comprises a digital processing module with a microcontroller. This micro-
- controller can integrate switches Swl to Sw8.
- FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of a presence sensor 100 of the capacitive type according to a third embodiment of the invention.
- This sensor 100 makes it possible to operate both as an approach sensor, detecting the presence without the need for contact, and as a touch sensor with a reduced sensitivity.
- the sensor 100 includes two electrodes E1 'and E2' for respective detection of
- each of the capacitors Cxi 'and Cx2' is connected to ground and can be constituted either by the object or the body part of the user or by another physical electrode also integrated in the handle so that the object or the user's hand cuts the field lines between the two electrodes.
- the sensor 100 further comprises:
- first selection means such as switches Swl 'and Sw2' respectively in series with the first and second load units Genl 'and Gen2' to select one of said load units Genl 'or Gen2' in order to apply charge cycles at one of the capacitors with capacity Cxi 'or Cx2',
- Txl 'pulse transformer comprising:
- the load unit Genl '(resp. Gen2') and the switch Swl '(resp. Sw2') are in series between earth and terminal B 1 (resp. B2) of the primary winding and are mounted in parallel on the capacity Cx2 '(resp. Cxi').
- the sensor 100 also includes:
- a rectification circuit D ' such as a diode, of the voltage at the output of the primary winding
- Means Sw3 ' such as a switch in parallel on the storage capacity Cs', for discharging the storage capacity Cs'.
- each of the charging units Gen1 'and Gen2' respectively delivers a rectangular signal and of a duration sufficient for the capacitor Cx 'to almost reach an electrostatic equilibrium. Note that unlike the sensor 10 in Figure 4, the sensor 100 uses only one storage capacity Cs'.
- the detection channel 2 making it possible to detect a variation ⁇ Cx2 of the capacity Cx2 '.
- Each of the channels goes through a phase of reinitialization of the circuit, that is to say of discharge of the capacitor Cs 'initially charged, and an acquisition phase for charging the capacitor Cs'.
- the reset phase is the same for channel 1 and channel 2 insofar as only one storage capacity Cs' is used.
- Cs' a corresponding variation ⁇ Cxl 'or ⁇ Cx2', for example comprises a digital processing module with a microcontroller.
- This microcontroller can integrate the switches Swl 'to Sw3'.
Landscapes
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
- Power-Operated Mechanisms For Wings (AREA)
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0303976A FR2853058B1 (fr) | 2003-03-27 | 2003-03-27 | Detection de presence par capteur capacitif |
PCT/EP2004/050346 WO2004085970A2 (fr) | 2003-03-27 | 2004-03-23 | Detection de presence par capteur capacitif |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1611417A2 true EP1611417A2 (fr) | 2006-01-04 |
Family
ID=32947332
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04722576A Ceased EP1611417A2 (fr) | 2003-03-27 | 2004-03-23 | Detection de presence par capteur capacitif |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1611417A2 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP4558715B2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2853058B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2004085970A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2853058B1 (fr) * | 2003-03-27 | 2005-05-13 | Valeo Securite Habitacle | Detection de presence par capteur capacitif |
FR2886725B1 (fr) * | 2005-06-01 | 2007-08-31 | Valeo Securite Habitacle Sas | Dispositif de detection d'une variation de capacitance et capteur capacitif de detection de presence d'un utilisateur, implementant un tel dispositif |
GB2475735A (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2011-06-01 | Gpeg Internat Ltd | Detecting touches with an oscillator with a frequency dependent on the capacitance of a touch sensor |
FR3059499B1 (fr) * | 2016-11-29 | 2019-01-25 | Continental Automotive France | Procede de detection d'approche et/ou de contact de la main d'un utilisateur pres d'une poignee de portiere de vehicule automobile, capteur capacitif et module de detection associes |
JP6905404B2 (ja) * | 2017-07-13 | 2021-07-21 | 株式会社アルファ | 挟み込み検知装置及び開閉システム |
DE102018107478A1 (de) * | 2017-09-14 | 2019-03-14 | Huf Hülsbeck & Fürst Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren und Auswertesystem zur Auswertung eines kapazitiven Sensors bei einem Fahrzeug |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5554973A (en) * | 1994-06-08 | 1996-09-10 | Seikosha Co., Ltd. | Electrostatic capacitance-type sensor |
Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2917732A (en) * | 1957-03-22 | 1959-12-15 | Librascope Inc | Detector for indicating presence of objects |
US3984757A (en) * | 1973-01-05 | 1976-10-05 | Gott Daniel A | Proximity actuated power control variable as to sense and magnitude |
WO1980001643A1 (fr) * | 1979-02-12 | 1980-08-21 | American Hospital Supply Corp | Circuit de commutation capacitif pour dispositif d'excitation a commande a distance |
JPS5857774U (ja) * | 1981-10-06 | 1983-04-19 | 株式会社明電舎 | 移動物体検出装置 |
EP0165256A4 (fr) * | 1983-11-09 | 1986-09-24 | Cons Technology Aust Pty Ltd | Detecteur d'objets. |
WO1985002268A1 (fr) * | 1983-11-09 | 1985-05-23 | Consolidated Technology (Aust) Pty. Ltd. | Detecteur d'objets |
DE3544187A1 (de) * | 1985-12-13 | 1987-06-19 | Flowtec Ag | Kapazitaetsmessschaltung |
US5073757A (en) * | 1988-09-23 | 1991-12-17 | John Fluke Mfg. Co., Inc. | Apparatus for and method of measuring capacitance of a capacitive element |
JPH05196668A (ja) * | 1991-08-16 | 1993-08-06 | Kazuyuki Yahagi | 周波数カウンタを用いた電気回路素子測定器 |
KR100326344B1 (ko) * | 1993-03-17 | 2002-10-11 | 내셔널 세미콘덕터 코포레이션 | 스위칭레귤레이터용주파수편이회로 |
JPH0784063A (ja) * | 1993-09-20 | 1995-03-31 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | 誘電体検出装置 |
US6366099B1 (en) * | 1999-12-21 | 2002-04-02 | Conrad Technologies, Inc. | Differential capacitance sampler |
US6417649B1 (en) * | 2000-07-20 | 2002-07-09 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | System and method for charging a capacitor using a constant frequency current waveform |
FR2829317B1 (fr) * | 2001-08-30 | 2003-10-31 | Valeo Electronique | Capteur de presence |
DE10297401T5 (de) * | 2001-11-02 | 2004-09-16 | Intier Automative Closures Inc. | Kapazitive Mehrbereichs-Klemmschutzanordnung |
FR2853058B1 (fr) * | 2003-03-27 | 2005-05-13 | Valeo Securite Habitacle | Detection de presence par capteur capacitif |
-
2003
- 2003-03-27 FR FR0303976A patent/FR2853058B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-03-23 WO PCT/EP2004/050346 patent/WO2004085970A2/fr active Application Filing
- 2004-03-23 JP JP2006505482A patent/JP4558715B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-03-23 EP EP04722576A patent/EP1611417A2/fr not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5554973A (en) * | 1994-06-08 | 1996-09-10 | Seikosha Co., Ltd. | Electrostatic capacitance-type sensor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP4558715B2 (ja) | 2010-10-06 |
FR2853058A1 (fr) | 2004-10-01 |
JP2006524807A (ja) | 2006-11-02 |
FR2853058B1 (fr) | 2005-05-13 |
WO2004085970A3 (fr) | 2005-08-11 |
WO2004085970A2 (fr) | 2004-10-07 |
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Legal Events
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