EP1608475B1 - Method for producing hollow grinding bodies - Google Patents

Method for producing hollow grinding bodies Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1608475B1
EP1608475B1 EP04718959A EP04718959A EP1608475B1 EP 1608475 B1 EP1608475 B1 EP 1608475B1 EP 04718959 A EP04718959 A EP 04718959A EP 04718959 A EP04718959 A EP 04718959A EP 1608475 B1 EP1608475 B1 EP 1608475B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
casting
core
metallic
cavity
holding elements
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EP04718959A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1608475A1 (en
Inventor
Jens-Peter Thiel
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Claudius Peters Technologies GmbH
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Claudius Peters Technologies GmbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C17/00Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
    • B02C17/18Details
    • B02C17/20Disintegrating members
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D25/00Special casting characterised by the nature of the product
    • B22D25/02Special casting characterised by the nature of the product by its peculiarity of shape; of works of art

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the production of hollow grinding media for the comminution of grinding materials comprising a mold with a cavity, placing a casting core in the cavity, so that a shell-like gap for casting material is formed, introducing retaining elements for the core, applying a cladding on the Holding elements and pouring the casting material in the intermediate space.
  • the core structure is covered with ceramic material.
  • several holes are produced in the shell of the grinding element. Through this, the core structure is removed along with its ceramic cladding. The resulting holes have a relatively large diameter. During milling, the edges of these holes hinder the rolling of the grinding body. It comes to the so-called edge carrying. This leads to increased loads on the grinding media, so that it is subject to increased wear at these locations. Especially with grinding media made of brittle material, flaking in this area can easily occur, which can eventually lead to a failure of the grinding body.
  • the tubes of the core assembly are not ceramically wrapped in the region of the gap, but remain unprotected. During the casting process they are directly exposed to the casting material. This has the consequence that it at least partially during the casting process comes to merge the casting material with the surface of the tubes of Kernverbaus.
  • the core structure is therefore not removed after the solidification of the casting material. They remain in the grinding media. Although it comes then during operation also for edge support, but it comes due to the fused as the composite core tubes no more flaking in this area.
  • the disadvantage of this method is that the core structure can not be removed due to the melted core tubes and is lost.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method of the type mentioned, with which the abovementioned disadvantages are reduced or avoided.
  • a method for producing hollow grinding media for grinding of products comprising a cavity having a cavity, arranging a casting core in the cavity to form a shell-like space for molding material, inserting holding elements for holding the core, applying a coating the holding elements and casting of the casting material provided in the intermediate space, that at least in the region of the space for the envelope, a metallic material is used, which melts with the casting material.
  • the invention is based on the idea that the holding elements for the casting core (usually pipes) with a protective Enclosed be provided, which consists of a metallic material so that it can fuse with the casting material.
  • the holding elements themselves on the other hand, can be removed because they are protected by the protective covering from melting. This achieves two things.
  • the holes resulting from the removal of the retaining elements are relatively small, since only the retaining elements themselves and not even their cladding needs to be removed. The smaller size of the holes already reduces the negative effects of edge wear.
  • the fusion of the protective cladding of metallic material creates a good transition in the area of the holes, so that flaking does not occur even in the case of particularly brittle materials.
  • the metallic coating it is expedient to apply the metallic coating over such a length that it has a projecting into the region of the casting core and / or the casting supernatant.
  • the cladding of metallic material By not placing the cladding of metallic material only on the area of the gap, i. H. the later Verschmelzzone with the casting material is limited, it is achieved that just in the particularly critical surface area a good melting result is achieved.
  • the accuracy of the fusion increases, so that the wear behavior of the grinding body further improved. It has proven to be expedient if the supernatant is between one and two thirds of the diameter of the holding elements.
  • an insulating intermediate layer is produced before the application of the metallic coating.
  • a better thermal separation between the metallic envelope and the holding element itself is achieved.
  • the insulating intermediate layer has the advantage that the occurring during the casting considerable temperature changes act only to a lesser extent on the holding elements, so that the risk is counteracted that are introduced by thermally induced changes in length of the holding elements stresses in the solidifying casting material. This improves the dimensional accuracy of the grinding body produced by the method according to the invention.
  • the insulating interlayer can also be formed in such a way that the metallic sheath sits loosely on the holding elements. In this case, air acts as a particularly simple and effective insulator.
  • the cross section of the holding elements as well as the envelope is chosen as small as possible. This makes it possible to keep the resulting after removal of the holding elements holes as small as possible.
  • the fusion of metallic cladding with the casting material can be checked for accuracy by ultrasonic methods known per se.
  • ultrasonic methods known per se.
  • This allows a particularly good control of the process parameters of the manufacturing process.
  • all the parameters of the manufacturing process, including the dimensions of the holding elements and the metallic coating can be optimized.
  • the mold 1 has an inner cavity 2, which is designed spherical.
  • the cavity is connected via a plurality of passage bores 3 with the environment of the mold 1 in connection. Further, an inlet (not shown) is provided for filling of casting material.
  • a spherical casting core 4 Within the cavity 2 there is a spherical casting core 4. It is arranged in the cavity 2 so that a gap is created between the surface of the casting core 4 and the surface of the spherical cavity 2, which has the same width at each point thus receives the shape of a spherical shell.
  • the core structure 6 consists of a plurality of tubes 61, 62, 63 which are inserted into the casting core 4 and are supported in the bores 3 of the mold 1.
  • the tubes 61, 62, 63 meet in the center of the spherical casting core 4. So that the casting core 4 can be degassed, the tubes 61, 62, 63 are made hollow.
  • the dimensions of the tubes 61, 62, 63 are 75 mm for the outer diameter and 25 mm for the inner diameter.
  • the tubes 61, 62, 63 are provided with a cladding 71, 72, 73 of metallic material.
  • the metallic material can be, for example, various types of mild steel or boiler plate known per se.
  • the covered area is chosen so that it not only runs over the region of the intermediate space 5, but also extends in each case over a certain distance in the casting core 4 and the mold 1.
  • the length of this route which is also referred to as the projection, is approximately one third of the outer diameter of the tubes 61, 62, 63 in the exemplary embodiment shown.
  • Fig. 3a is given an enlarged view of the example of the tube 62 with the sheath 72.
  • the envelope 72 encloses the tube 62 in an annular manner. She can sit tightly on the pipe 62 or with a certain amount of play. In the latter case, there is an air gap between the outer surface of the tube 62 and the sheath 72 over a wide range of the circumference. This air gap has a thermally insulating effect. This ensures that the metallic Envelope 72 can merge with the introduced into the gap 5 casting material without error, without the risk that the tube 62 is too hot and also merges with. This ensures that the tube 62 can be easily removed from the solidified casting material.
  • the casting core 4 is inserted into the mold 1 and positioned at the correct position by means of the core assembly 6 and the tubes 61, 62, 63 of the core assembly are provided with the metallic sheath 71, 72, 73 according to the invention, casting material through the inlet (not shown) filled in the spherical shell-shaped gap 5 until it fills it completely.
  • the casting material cools in the mold 1 and solidifies. This results in a fusion with the metallic material of the sheaths 71, 72, 73 in such a way that a composite zone is formed around the core tubes 61, 62, 63.
  • the core tubes 61, 62, 63 themselves do not melt with. They can be removed after the solidification of the casting material from the resulting grinding media.
  • FIG. 2 shows an enlarged detail of the outer surface of the grinding body 9 produced according to the invention. It can be seen an opening 11 through which one of the core tubes 61, 62, 63 has been removed. In the region surrounding the opening 11 is shown schematically an annular zone in which the metallic sheath 71, 72, 73 is fused with the casting material.
  • This composite casting zone is designated by the reference numeral 10.
  • the opening 11 is quite small thanks to the invention, it only needs to be so large that it is sufficient for the passage of the core tube 61, 62, 63.
  • the surrounding the core tube enclosure 71, 72, 73 need not be removed, it is inventively fused with the casting material. Thanks to the small dimensions of the opening 11, it is in any case only to a small extent for edge support.
  • flaking hardly occurs even in the case of particularly brittle materials.
  • the grinding ball 9 according to the invention achieves excellent operating and wear properties.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing hollow grinding bodies (9) for comminuting material to be ground, whereby a casting mold (1) having a cavity (2) is used. The method comprises the steps of arranging a core (4) in said cavity (2) by means of retaining elements (6) so that a shell-type intermediate space (5) is produced. According to the invention, at least in the area of the intermediate space (5) a metallic material is used as a covering (71, 72, 73) for the retaining elements (6) and fuses with the casting material. The invention also relates to a corresponding grinding body having fused-in coverings which improve the rolling behavior of the grinding body produced according to the invention as only small openings are required to remove the retaining elements. Since the fusing of the metal covering into the edge area of the openings has the effect of a composite casting, even brittle materials do not suffer from chipping.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von hohlen Mahlkörpern für die Zerkleinerung von Mahlgütern umfassend eine Gußform mit einem Hohlraum, Anordnen eines Gußkerns in dem Hohlraum, so daß ein schalenartiger Zwischenraum für Gußmaterial entsteht, Einbringen von Halteelementen für den Kern, Aufbringen einer Umhüllung auf die Halteelemente und Gießen des Gußmaterials in den Zwischenraum.The invention relates to a process for the production of hollow grinding media for the comminution of grinding materials comprising a mold with a cavity, placing a casting core in the cavity, so that a shell-like gap for casting material is formed, introducing retaining elements for the core, applying a cladding on the Holding elements and pouring the casting material in the intermediate space.

Es ist bekannt, zum Mahlen von Zementklinker, Zementrohmaterial, Kohle und ähnlichem Mahlgut Mahlkörper zu verwenden, die hohl ausgeführt sind. Die hohle Ausführung der Mahlkörper bringt den Vorteil erheblicher Gewichtsersparnis gegenüber massiven Mahlkörpern mit sich. Ein Nachteil besteht darin, daß bei Hohlkörpern aufgrund der begrenzten Dicke der Schale Verschleiß ein größeres Problem als bei massiven Mahlkörpern ist. Damit es nicht zu unnötig hohem Verschleiß kommt, müssen die Mahlkörper also so hergestellt werden, daß sie möglichst verschleißarm sind. Ein aus offenkundiger Vorbenutzung bekanntes Herstellungsverfahren für solche hohlen Mahlkörper ist Verbundguß. Zum Gießen wird eine Gußform verwendet, die einen inneren Hohlraum aufweist, in dem ein Gußkern so angeordnet ist, daß ein Zwischenraum verbleibt. In diesen Zwischenraum wird Gußmaterial gegossen, so daß nach dem Erstarren ein schalenartiger Körper entsteht. Hierbei besteht nun die Schwierigkeit, daß der Gußkern in dem inneren Hohlraum der Gußform fixiert werden muß. Ferner müssen aus dem Gußkern austretende Gase abgeführt werden. Es ist bekannt, zu diesem Zweck den Kern mittels eines aus Stahlrohren bestehenden Kernverbaus zu halten. Die Stahlrohre sind hohl ausgeführt, so daß durch sie Gase aus dem Kern abgeführt werden können. Um unerwünschte Interaktionen zwischen dem Kernverbau und dem Gußmaterial zu verhindern, sind aus offenkundiger Vorbenutzung folgende Verfahren zum Schutz des Kernverbaus bekannt:It is known to use for grinding cement clinker, cement raw material, coal and similar regrind grinding media, which are made hollow. The hollow design of the grinding media brings the advantage of considerable weight savings over massive grinding media with it. A disadvantage is that with hollow bodies due to the limited thickness of the shell wear is a greater problem than with massive grinding media. So that it does not come to unnecessarily high wear, the grinding media must therefore be prepared so that they are as low-wear as possible. A known from public prior use manufacturing method for such hollow grinding media is composite casting. For casting, a mold is used which has an internal cavity in which a casting core is arranged so that a gap remains. In this space is casting material poured, so that after solidification, a shell-like body arises. Here, there is the difficulty that the casting core must be fixed in the inner cavity of the mold. Furthermore, gases leaving the casting core must be removed. It is known to hold for this purpose the core by means of a steel tube core assembly. The steel pipes are hollow, so that gases can be removed from the core through them. In order to prevent unwanted interactions between the core structure and the casting material, the following methods of protecting the core structure are known from prior public use:

Bei einem ersten Verfahren wird der Kernverbau mit keramischen Material umhüllt. Um den Kernverbau aus dem Mahlkörper nach dem Erstarren des Gusses entfernen zu können, werden mehrere Löcher in der Schale des Mahlkörpers erzeugt. Durch diese wird der Kernverbau mitsamt seiner keramischen Umhüllung entfernt. Die so entstandenen Löcher weisen einen verhältnismäßig großen Durchmesser auf. Im Mahlbetrieb behindern die Kanten dieser Löcher das Abrollen des Mahlkörpers. Es kommt zum sogenannten Kantentragen. Dies führt zu erhöhten Belastungen für den Mahlkörper, so daß er an diesen Stellen erhöhtem Verschleiß unterliegt. Insbesondere bei aus sprödem Material bestehenden Mahlkörpern kommt es leicht zu Abplatzungen in diesem Bereich, die schließlich zu einem Versagen des Mahlkörpers führen können.In a first method, the core structure is covered with ceramic material. In order to be able to remove the core build-up from the grinding element after the casting has solidified, several holes are produced in the shell of the grinding element. Through this, the core structure is removed along with its ceramic cladding. The resulting holes have a relatively large diameter. During milling, the edges of these holes hinder the rolling of the grinding body. It comes to the so-called edge carrying. This leads to increased loads on the grinding media, so that it is subject to increased wear at these locations. Especially with grinding media made of brittle material, flaking in this area can easily occur, which can eventually lead to a failure of the grinding body.

Bei einem zweiten Verfahren werden die Rohre des Kernverbaus in dem Bereich des Zwischenraums nicht keramisch umhüllt, sondern bleiben ungeschützt. Beim Gußvorgang sind sie dem Gußmaterial unmittelbar ausgesetzt. Das hat zur Folge, daß es während des Gießvorgangs mindestens teilweise zum Verschmelzen des Gußmaterials mit der Oberfläche der Rohre des Kernverbaus kommt. Der Kernverbau wird daher nach dem Erstarren des Gußmaterials nicht entfernt. Sie verbleiben in dem Mahlkörper. Zwar kommt es dann beim Betrieb auch zum Kantentragen, jedoch kommt es aufgrund der wie beim Verbundguß verschmolzenen Kernrohren nicht mehr zu Abplatzungen in diesem Bereich. Der Nachteil dieses Verfahrens ist, daß der Kernverbau aufgrund der eingeschmolzenen Kernrohre nicht mehr entfernt werden kann und verloren ist.In a second method, the tubes of the core assembly are not ceramically wrapped in the region of the gap, but remain unprotected. During the casting process they are directly exposed to the casting material. This has the consequence that it at least partially during the casting process comes to merge the casting material with the surface of the tubes of Kernverbaus. The core structure is therefore not removed after the solidification of the casting material. They remain in the grinding media. Although it comes then during operation also for edge support, but it comes due to the fused as the composite core tubes no more flaking in this area. The disadvantage of this method is that the core structure can not be removed due to the melted core tubes and is lost.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art bereitzustellen, mit dem die oben genannten Nachteile vermindert oder vermieden werden.The invention has for its object to provide a method of the type mentioned, with which the abovementioned disadvantages are reduced or avoided.

Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung liegt in den Merkmalen des unabhängigen Anspruchs. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.The solution according to the invention lies in the features of the independent claim. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

Erfindungsgemäß ist bei einem Verfahren zur Herstellung von hohlen Mahlkörper für die Zerkleinerung von Mahlgütern umfassend eine Gußform mit einem Hohlraum, Anordnen eines Gußkerns in dem Hohlraum, so daß ein schalenartiger Zwischenraum für Gußmaterial entsteht, Einbringen von Halteelementen zum Halten des Kerns, Aufbringen einer Umhüllung auf die Halteelemente und Gießen des Gußmaterials in den Zwischenraum vorgesehen, daß zumindest im Bereich des Zwischenraums für die Umhüllung ein metallisches Material verwendet wird, das mit dem Gußmaterial verschmilzt.According to the invention, in a method for producing hollow grinding media for grinding of products comprising a cavity having a cavity, arranging a casting core in the cavity to form a shell-like space for molding material, inserting holding elements for holding the core, applying a coating the holding elements and casting of the casting material provided in the intermediate space, that at least in the region of the space for the envelope, a metallic material is used, which melts with the casting material.

Die Erfindung beruht auf dem Gedanken, daß die Halteelemente für den Gußkern (meist sind dies Rohre) mit einer schützenden Umhüllung versehen werden, die aus einem metallischem Material besteht, so daß sie mit dem Gußmaterial verschmelzen kann. Die Halteelemente selbst hingegen können, da sie durch die schützende Umhüllung vor einem Einschmelzen geschützt sind, entfernt werden. Dadurch wird zweierlei erreicht. Zum einen sind die durch das Entfernen der Halteelemente entstehenden Löcher verhältnismäßig klein, da nur die Halteelemente selbst und nicht auch noch deren Umhüllung entfernt zu werden braucht. Bereits durch die geringere Größe der Löcher verringern sich die negativen Wirkungen des Kantentragens. Zusätzlich entsteht durch das Verschmelzen der schützenden Umhüllung aus metallischem Material ein guter Übergang im Bereich der Löcher, so daß es auch bei besonders spröden Materialien nicht zu Abplatzungen kommt. Im Ergebnis erhält man so ein besonders gutes Tragverhalten der Mahlkörper und damit einen niedrigen Verschleiß bei ruhigem Lauf. Durch Verwenden von metallischem Material für die Umhüllung können somit auf überraschend einfache Weise die Vorteile einer schützenden Umhüllung hinsichtlich Entfernbarkeit der Halteelemente mit denjenigen eines Verzichts auf die Umhüllung und dadurch bedingten verbundgu-ßartigem Einschmelzen verknüpft werden.The invention is based on the idea that the holding elements for the casting core (usually pipes) with a protective Enclosed be provided, which consists of a metallic material so that it can fuse with the casting material. The holding elements themselves, on the other hand, can be removed because they are protected by the protective covering from melting. This achieves two things. On the one hand, the holes resulting from the removal of the retaining elements are relatively small, since only the retaining elements themselves and not even their cladding needs to be removed. The smaller size of the holes already reduces the negative effects of edge wear. In addition, the fusion of the protective cladding of metallic material creates a good transition in the area of the holes, so that flaking does not occur even in the case of particularly brittle materials. As a result, one obtains a particularly good bearing behavior of the grinding media and thus a low wear in a smooth running. By using metallic material for the covering, the advantages of a protective covering with regard to removability of the holding elements can thus be combined in a surprisingly simple manner with those of a waiver of the wrapping and consequent composite meltdown.

Es hat sich gezeigt, daß eine besonders gute Schutzwirkung einerseits und ein besonders gutes Schmelzverhalten andererseits dadurch erzielt werden kann, daß die Stärke der metallischen Umhüllung ortsabhängig variiert wird. Dadurch kann eine Anpassung an ortsabhängig unterschiedliche Parameter des Erstarrungs- und Abkühlprozesses durchgeführt werden. Auf diese Weise kann eine besonders gute, weitgehend fehlerfreie Verschmelzung der Umhüllung mit dem Gußmaterial erreicht werden.It has been found that a particularly good protective effect on the one hand and a particularly good melting behavior on the other hand can be achieved by varying the thickness of the metallic coating in a location-dependent manner. As a result, an adaptation to location-dependent different parameters of the solidification and cooling process can be performed. In this way, a particularly good, largely error-free fusion of the envelope with the casting material can be achieved.

Es ist zweckmäßig, die metallische Umhüllung über eine solche Länge aufzubringen, daß sie einen in den Bereich des Gußkerns und/oder der Gußform ragenden Überstand aufweist. Indem die Umhüllung aus metallischem Material nicht nur auf den Bereich des Zwischenraums, d. h. der späteren Verschmelzzone mit dem Gußmaterial, beschränkt wird, wird erreicht, daß gerade in dem besonders kritischen Oberflächenbereich ein gutes Schmelzergebnis erzielt wird. Die Fehlerfreiheit des Verschmelzens nimmt zu, so daß sich das Verschleißverhalten des Mahlkörpers weiter verbessert. Es hat sich als zweckmäßig herausgestellt, wenn der Überstand zwischen einem und zwei Drittel des Durchmessers der Halteelemente beträgt.It is expedient to apply the metallic coating over such a length that it has a projecting into the region of the casting core and / or the casting supernatant. By not placing the cladding of metallic material only on the area of the gap, i. H. the later Verschmelzzone with the casting material is limited, it is achieved that just in the particularly critical surface area a good melting result is achieved. The accuracy of the fusion increases, so that the wear behavior of the grinding body further improved. It has proven to be expedient if the supernatant is between one and two thirds of the diameter of the holding elements.

Bei einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird vor dem Aufbringen der metallischen Umhüllung eine isolierende Zwischenschicht erzeugt. Mit einer solchen Zwischenisolierung wird eine bessere thermische Trennung zwischen der metallischen Umhüllung und dem Halteelement selbst erreicht. Dadurch wird es vereinfacht, das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren so zu führen, daß die metallische Umhüllung fehlerfrei mit dem Gußmaterial verschmilzt und daß andererseits das Halteelement möglichst leicht entfernt werden kann. Darüber hinaus hat die isolierende Zwischenschicht den Vorteil, daß die beim Gießvorgang auftretenden erheblichen Temperaturwechsel nur in geringerem Umfang auf die Halteelemente einwirken, so daß der Gefahr entgegengewirkt wird, daß durch thermisch bedingte Längenänderungen der Halteelemente Spannungen in das erstarrende Gußmaterial eingeleitet werden. Dadurch verbessert sich die Formtreue des mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellten Mahlkörpers.In a particularly preferred embodiment, an insulating intermediate layer is produced before the application of the metallic coating. With such intermediate insulation, a better thermal separation between the metallic envelope and the holding element itself is achieved. This simplifies the process according to the invention in such a way that the metallic coating melts without error with the casting material and, on the other hand, that the retaining element can be removed as easily as possible. In addition, the insulating intermediate layer has the advantage that the occurring during the casting considerable temperature changes act only to a lesser extent on the holding elements, so that the risk is counteracted that are introduced by thermally induced changes in length of the holding elements stresses in the solidifying casting material. This improves the dimensional accuracy of the grinding body produced by the method according to the invention.

Die isolierende Zwischenschicht kann auch auf die Weise gebildet werden, daß die metallische Umhüllung lose auf dem Halteelementen sitzt. In diesem Fall wirkt Luft als ein besonders einfacher und wirksamer Isolator.The insulating interlayer can also be formed in such a way that the metallic sheath sits loosely on the holding elements. In this case, air acts as a particularly simple and effective insulator.

Zweckmäßigerweise ist der Querschnitt der Halteelemente wie auch der Umhüllung so klein wie möglich gewählt. Dies erlaubt es, die nach Entfernen der Halteelemente entstehenden Löcher so klein wie möglich zu halten.Appropriately, the cross section of the holding elements as well as the envelope is chosen as small as possible. This makes it possible to keep the resulting after removal of the holding elements holes as small as possible.

Vorzugsweise kann bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren die Verschmelzung von metallischer Umhüllung mit dem Gußmaterial durch an sich bekannte Ultraschallmethoden auf Fehlerfreiheit geprüft werden. Dies ermöglicht eine besonders gute Kontrolle der Prozeßparameter des Herstellungsverfahrens. Dadurch können sämtliche Parameter des Herstellungsverfahrens einschließlich der Abmessungen der Halteelemente und der metallischen Umhüllung optimiert werden.Preferably, in the method according to the invention, the fusion of metallic cladding with the casting material can be checked for accuracy by ultrasonic methods known per se. This allows a particularly good control of the process parameters of the manufacturing process. Thereby, all the parameters of the manufacturing process, including the dimensions of the holding elements and the metallic coating can be optimized.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen erläutert. Darin zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Querschnitt durch eine für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren verwendete Gußform;
Fig. 2
eine vergrößerte Detailansicht der Oberfläche eines erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Mahlkörpers mit einer Öffnung im Bereich eines Halteelements im verschmolzenen Zustand; und
Fig. 3a, b
Detailansichten der erfindungsgemäßen Umhüllung mit Halteelement im unverschmolzenen Zustand.
The invention will be explained below with reference to an embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show:
Fig. 1
a cross section through a mold used for the inventive method;
Fig. 2
an enlarged detail view of the surface of a grinding body according to the invention with an opening in the region of a holding element in the fused state; and
Fig. 3a, b
Detailed views of the enclosure according to the invention with holding element in the unmelted state.

Zur Erläuterung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird zuerst die verwendete Gußform beschrieben. Die Gußform 1 weist einen inneren Hohlraum 2 auf, der kugelförmig ausgestaltet ist. Der Hohlraum steht über mehrere Durchlaßbohrungen 3 mit der Umgebung der Gußform 1 in Verbindung. Ferner ist ein Einlaß (nicht dargestellt) zum Einfüllen von Gußmaterial vorgesehen.To explain the method according to the invention, the mold used is first described. The mold 1 has an inner cavity 2, which is designed spherical. The cavity is connected via a plurality of passage bores 3 with the environment of the mold 1 in connection. Further, an inlet (not shown) is provided for filling of casting material.

Innerhalb des Hohlraums 2 befindet sich ein kugelförmiger Gußkern 4. Er ist so in dem Hohlraum 2 angeordnet, daß zwischen der Oberfläche des Gußkerns 4 und der Oberfläche des kugelförmigen Hohlraums 2 ein Zwischenraum entsteht, der an jeder Stelle die gleiche Weite aufweist.Der Zwischenraum 5 erhält somit die Gestalt einer Kugelschale.Within the cavity 2 there is a spherical casting core 4. It is arranged in the cavity 2 so that a gap is created between the surface of the casting core 4 and the surface of the spherical cavity 2, which has the same width at each point thus receives the shape of a spherical shell.

Zum Halten des Gußkerns 4 an seiner Position innerhalb des kugelförmigen Hohlraums 2 ist ein Kernverbau 6 vorgesehen. Der Kernverbau 6 besteht aus mehreren Rohren 61, 62, 63, die in den Gußkern 4 eingesteckt sind und in den Bohrungen 3 der Gußform 1 gehaltert sind. Die Rohre 61, 62, 63 treffen sich in dem Zentrum des kugelförmigen Gußkerns 4. Damit der Gußkern 4 entgast werden kann, sind die Rohre 61, 62, 63 hohl ausgeführt. Die Abmessungen der Rohre 61, 62, 63 betragen 75 mm für den Außendurchmesser und 25 mm für den Innendurchmesser.For holding the casting core 4 at its position within the spherical cavity 2, a core structure 6 is provided. The core structure 6 consists of a plurality of tubes 61, 62, 63 which are inserted into the casting core 4 and are supported in the bores 3 of the mold 1. The tubes 61, 62, 63 meet in the center of the spherical casting core 4. So that the casting core 4 can be degassed, the tubes 61, 62, 63 are made hollow. The dimensions of the tubes 61, 62, 63 are 75 mm for the outer diameter and 25 mm for the inner diameter.

In dem Bereich des Zwischenraums 5 sind die Rohre 61, 62, 63 mit einer Umhüllung 71, 72, 73 aus metallischem Material versehen. Bei dem metallischen Material kann es sich beispielsweise um an sich bekannte diverse Baustahl- oder Kesselblechqualitäten handeln. Der umhüllte Bereich ist dabei so gewählt, daß er nicht nur über den Bereich des Zwischenraums 5 läuft, sondern sich jeweils auch über eine gewisse Strecke in den Gußkern 4 und die Gußform 1 erstreckt. Die Länge dieser auch als Überstand bezeichneten Strecke beträgt in dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel etwa ein Drittel des Außendurchmessers der Rohre 61, 62, 63.In the region of the intermediate space 5, the tubes 61, 62, 63 are provided with a cladding 71, 72, 73 of metallic material. The metallic material can be, for example, various types of mild steel or boiler plate known per se. The covered area is chosen so that it not only runs over the region of the intermediate space 5, but also extends in each case over a certain distance in the casting core 4 and the mold 1. The length of this route, which is also referred to as the projection, is approximately one third of the outer diameter of the tubes 61, 62, 63 in the exemplary embodiment shown.

In Fig. 3a ist an dem Beispiel des Rohrs 62 mit der Umhüllung 72 eine vergrößerte Darstellung gegeben. Die Umhüllung 72 umschließt das Rohr 62 ringartig. Sie kann straff auf dem Rohr 62 sitzen oder mit einem gewissen Spiel. In dem letzeren Fall befindet sich über einen weiten Bereich des Umfangs ein Luftspalt zwischen der Außenoberfläche des Rohrs 62 und der Umhüllung 72. Dieser Luftspalt wirkt thermisch isolierend. Damit wird erreicht, daß die metallische Umhüllung 72 fehlerfrei mit dem in den Zwischenraum 5 eingebrachten Gußmaterial verschmelzen kann, ohne daß die Gefahr besteht, daß sich das Rohr 62 zu sehr erwärmt und ebenfalls mit verschmilzt. Dadurch wird sichergestellt, daß sich das Rohr 62 leicht aus dem erstarrten Gußmaterial entfernen läßt. Zum Erreichen dieser Wirkung ist es nicht unbedingt erforderlich, die metallische Umhüllung 72 mittels Luftspalt von dem Kernrohr 62 zu isolieren. Es kann auch vorgesehen sein, daß ein Isoliermaterial als Zwischenschicht 8 in dem Bereich zwischen der Außenoberfläche des Rohrs 62 und der metallischen Umhüllung 72' aufgebracht wird. Dies ist in Fig. 3b dargestellt. Auch hierbei ergibt sich die vorteilhafte thermische Entkopplung der metallischen Umhüllung 72' von dem Kernrohr 62.In Fig. 3a is given an enlarged view of the example of the tube 62 with the sheath 72. The envelope 72 encloses the tube 62 in an annular manner. She can sit tightly on the pipe 62 or with a certain amount of play. In the latter case, there is an air gap between the outer surface of the tube 62 and the sheath 72 over a wide range of the circumference. This air gap has a thermally insulating effect. This ensures that the metallic Envelope 72 can merge with the introduced into the gap 5 casting material without error, without the risk that the tube 62 is too hot and also merges with. This ensures that the tube 62 can be easily removed from the solidified casting material. To achieve this effect, it is not absolutely necessary to isolate the metallic envelope 72 from the core tube 62 by means of an air gap. It may also be provided that an insulating material is applied as an intermediate layer 8 in the region between the outer surface of the tube 62 and the metallic sheath 72 '. This is shown in Fig. 3b. Here too, the advantageous thermal decoupling of the metallic envelope 72 'from the core tube 62 results.

Zum Herstellen des Mahlkörpers wird, nachdem der Gußkern 4 in die Gußform 1 eingebracht und an der richtigen Stelle mittels des Kernverbaus 6 positioniert ist und die Rohre 61, 62, 63 des Kernverbaus mit der erfindungsgemäßen metallischen Umhüllung 71, 72, 73 versehen sind, Gußmaterial durch den Einlaß (nicht dargestellt) in den kugelschalenförmigen Zwischenraum 5 gefüllt, bis es diesen vollständig ausfüllt. Das Gußmaterial kühlt in der Gußform 1 ab und erstarrt. Dabei kommt es zu einem Verschmelzen mit dem metallischen Material der Umhüllungen 71, 72, 73 in der Weise, daß um die Kernrohre 61, 62, 63 eine Verbundzone entsteht. Die Kernrohre 61, 62, 63 selbst schmelzen nicht mit ein. Sie können nach dem Erstarren des Gußmaterials aus dem so entstandenen Mahlkörper entfernt werden.For producing the grinding body, after the casting core 4 is inserted into the mold 1 and positioned at the correct position by means of the core assembly 6 and the tubes 61, 62, 63 of the core assembly are provided with the metallic sheath 71, 72, 73 according to the invention, casting material through the inlet (not shown) filled in the spherical shell-shaped gap 5 until it fills it completely. The casting material cools in the mold 1 and solidifies. This results in a fusion with the metallic material of the sheaths 71, 72, 73 in such a way that a composite zone is formed around the core tubes 61, 62, 63. The core tubes 61, 62, 63 themselves do not melt with. They can be removed after the solidification of the casting material from the resulting grinding media.

In Fig. 2 ist ein vergrößerter Ausschnitt der Außenfläche des erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Mahlkörpers 9 dargestellt. Man erkennt eine Öffnung 11, durch die eines der Kernrohre 61, 62, 63 entfernt worden ist. In dem die Öffnung 11 umgebenden Bereich ist schematisch eine kreisringförmige Zone dargestellt, in der die metallische Umhüllung 71, 72, 73 mit dem Gußmaterial verschmolzen ist. Diese Verbundgußzone ist mit dem Bezugszeichen 10 bezeichnet. Die Öffnung 11 ist dank der Erfindung recht klein, sie braucht lediglich so groß zu sein, daß sie für den Durchgang des Kernrohres 61, 62, 63 ausreicht. Die das Kernrohr umgebende Umhüllung 71, 72, 73 braucht nicht entfernt zu werden, sie ist erfindungsgemäß mit dem Gußmaterial verschmolzen. Dank der kleinen Abmessungen der Öffnung 11 kommt es ohnehin nur in geringem Umfang zum Kantentragen. Außerdem kommt es dank der erfindungsgemäß entstandenen Verbundzone 10 auch bei besonders spröden Werkstoffen kaum noch zu Abplatzungen. Dadurch erreicht die erfindungsgemäß Mahlkugel 9 hervorragende Betriebs- und Verschleißeigenschaften.FIG. 2 shows an enlarged detail of the outer surface of the grinding body 9 produced according to the invention. It can be seen an opening 11 through which one of the core tubes 61, 62, 63 has been removed. In the region surrounding the opening 11 is shown schematically an annular zone in which the metallic sheath 71, 72, 73 is fused with the casting material. This composite casting zone is designated by the reference numeral 10. The opening 11 is quite small thanks to the invention, it only needs to be so large that it is sufficient for the passage of the core tube 61, 62, 63. The surrounding the core tube enclosure 71, 72, 73 need not be removed, it is inventively fused with the casting material. Thanks to the small dimensions of the opening 11, it is in any case only to a small extent for edge support. In addition, thanks to the composite zone 10 produced according to the invention, flaking hardly occurs even in the case of particularly brittle materials. As a result, the grinding ball 9 according to the invention achieves excellent operating and wear properties.

Claims (8)

  1. Method for the production of hollow grinding bodies (9) for the comminution of grinding stock, comprising
    - a casting mould (1) with a cavity (2),
    - the arrangement of a casting core (4) in the cavity (2), so that a shell-like interspace (5) for casting material is obtained,
    - the introduction of holding elements (6) for holding the casting core (4),
    - the application of a casing (71, 72, 73) onto the holding elements (6),
    - the pouring of the casting material into the interspace (5),
    characterized in that,
    at least in the region of the interspace (5) for the casing (71, 72, 73), a metallic material which fuses with the casting material is used.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the metallic casing (71, 72, 73) is varied locally.
  3. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metallic casing (71, 72, 73) is applied over a length such that an excess length projecting into the region of the casting core (4) and/or of the casting mould (1) is obtained.
  4. Method according to Claim 3, characterized in that the excess length amounts to between one and two thirds of the diameter of the holding elements (6).
  5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an insulating intermediate layer (8) is produced under the metallic casing (71, 72, 73).
  6. Method according to Claim 5, characterized in that an air layer is used as an insulating intermediate layer.
  7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that structural steel or boiler plate is used as metallic material.
  8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that spherical grinding bodies are produced.
EP04718959A 2003-03-25 2004-03-10 Method for producing hollow grinding bodies Expired - Fee Related EP1608475B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04718959A EP1608475B1 (en) 2003-03-25 2004-03-10 Method for producing hollow grinding bodies

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03006652A EP1462195A1 (en) 2003-03-25 2003-03-25 Process for the manufacture of hollow grinding members and grinding members thus obtained
EP03006652 2003-03-25
PCT/EP2004/002462 WO2004085097A1 (en) 2003-03-25 2004-03-10 Method for producing hollow grinding bodies and grinding bodies so produced
EP04718959A EP1608475B1 (en) 2003-03-25 2004-03-10 Method for producing hollow grinding bodies

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EP1608475A1 EP1608475A1 (en) 2005-12-28
EP1608475B1 true EP1608475B1 (en) 2006-08-30

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EP04718959A Expired - Fee Related EP1608475B1 (en) 2003-03-25 2004-03-10 Method for producing hollow grinding bodies

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US (1) US7316258B2 (en)
EP (2) EP1462195A1 (en)
CN (1) CN100346905C (en)
DE (1) DE502004001353D1 (en)
WO (1) WO2004085097A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA200506996B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102642010A (en) * 2012-05-14 2012-08-22 陕西科技大学 Cast bulge forming of spherical container
CN109128099A (en) * 2018-09-04 2019-01-04 鞍钢股份有限公司 Manufacturing method of composite iron ball for blast furnace slag dry-type waste heat recovery
CN109999963A (en) * 2019-05-09 2019-07-12 安徽万磁电子有限公司 A kind of ball-milling device
CN110102380B (en) * 2019-06-13 2024-05-10 马鞍山市益丰实业集团有限公司 Wear-resistant steel ball with controllable magnetism and processing method thereof
CN111069533A (en) * 2020-03-04 2020-04-28 河南旭锐合金新材料制造有限公司 Sand mold and mold for metal part sand casting molding

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1210421A (en) * 1915-12-02 1917-01-02 George C Clark Molding apparatus.
US3254849A (en) * 1961-04-27 1966-06-07 Babcock & Wilcox Co Cast hollow balls
US3596703A (en) * 1968-10-01 1971-08-03 Trw Inc Method of preventing core shift in casting articles
JPS60104419A (en) * 1983-11-12 1985-06-08 Aisin Seiki Co Ltd Automatic opening/closing device of opening cover member
CN86108784A (en) * 1986-12-27 1987-11-04 鞍山市科学技术咨询中心第二铸钢厂分部 Casting process for producing metal grinding ball
CN1018938B (en) * 1991-01-16 1992-11-04 河北工学院 Casting-state troostite grinding ball
CN1033762C (en) * 1994-08-19 1997-01-08 冶金工业部北京冶金设备研究院 Low-alloy cast-iron grinding ball and manufacturing method thereof
CN2296771Y (en) * 1997-06-19 1998-11-11 西安建筑科技大学 Composite wear-resisting rod for rod mill
CN1229145A (en) * 1999-02-02 1999-09-22 王道年 Grinding ball for ball mill

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EP1608475A1 (en) 2005-12-28
DE502004001353D1 (en) 2006-10-12
EP1462195A1 (en) 2004-09-29
ZA200506996B (en) 2006-07-26
US20060243413A1 (en) 2006-11-02
US7316258B2 (en) 2008-01-08
WO2004085097A1 (en) 2004-10-07
CN1767916A (en) 2006-05-03
CN100346905C (en) 2007-11-07

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