EP1597521B1 - Device comprising a micro-rough coating - Google Patents

Device comprising a micro-rough coating Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1597521B1
EP1597521B1 EP04711614.0A EP04711614A EP1597521B1 EP 1597521 B1 EP1597521 B1 EP 1597521B1 EP 04711614 A EP04711614 A EP 04711614A EP 1597521 B1 EP1597521 B1 EP 1597521B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
microstructure
zones
crystal
crystal zones
layer
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EP04711614.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1597521A1 (en
Inventor
Frank JÖRDENS
Jürgen Salomon
Gerhard Schmidmayer
Bernhard Walter
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BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
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BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C15/00—Details
    • F24C15/005—Coatings for ovens
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a device with a micro-rough coating according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a self-cleaning surface for a cooking appliance with a microrough coating is known, which by its surface structure a self-cleaning effect, the so-called lotus effect, pronounced.
  • the surface with a catalytically active metal overdrawn is also from the DE 100 16 485 A1 .
  • a microrough layer on a substrate is known in which the roughness is generated by the incorporation of structure-forming particles.
  • the self-cleaning property of this surface can be increased by an additional coating of a hydrophobing agent.
  • the object of the invention is to further develop a generic device, in particular with regard to the good cleanability with good mechanical stability of the microrough surface.
  • the invention is based on a device, in particular a cooking appliance with a cooking chamber, with a substrate, on which a layer with a microrough surface is arranged. It is proposed that the layer is an enamel layer with crystal zones embedded in a glass flow of crystalline phase crystallized out of enamel, wherein crystal zones on the surface of the layer form a fine structure and a coarse superstructure.
  • the fine structure and the superstructure are two separately observable structures that are similar to each other like trees (fine structure) on hills (superstructure).
  • the crystalline phase has long-order crystals that make up more than 90% by weight of the crystal zones.
  • Surrounding the crystal zones may be arranged transition zones comprising a mixture of a crystalline phase and a glassy phase.
  • Such a transition zone can be a continuous transition from create the crystal zone in an area with predominantly glass flux. Through such a continuous transition, the crystal zones are particularly firmly embedded in the glass flow.
  • the crystals are formed by crystallization of oxidic phases from the enamel. Such crystallization can be achieved by segregation of substances in the enamel at baking temperature. It is also possible to achieve the crystallization by a precipitation crystallization.
  • a solubility of the substances of the enamel at high temperatures and an at least partially insolubility at low temperatures is present.
  • the crystal zones comprise larger first crystal zones and smaller second crystal zones, wherein the smaller second crystal zones provide only a fine structure at the surface in areas between first crystal zones.
  • the second crystal zones are smaller than the first crystal zones and create a roughness in the otherwise predominantly smooth areas around the first crystal zones, which counteracts the formation of food constituents.
  • the fine structure forms elevations with intermediate valleys, wherein the central shape of the elevations is more convex than the mean shape of the valleys is concave pronounced.
  • This structure is particularly water repellent and the less concave shape of the valleys counteracts clogging of the valleys, for example by sticking or baking residues.
  • the elevations form convex shapes, whereas the areas around the elevations are flat or oblique, depending on the location within the superstructure, or slightly concave in densely spaced elevations. Injected unwanted substances thus find little support between the surveys.
  • the superstructure has a mean profile height of 10 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, in particular 10 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m, and the fine structure has a mean profile height from 0.1 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m, in particular from 0.5 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m.
  • the surface is sufficiently anti-adhesive to ensure a sufficient bead-off effect of liquids from the surface, and it has a good removability of injected fat, oil or starch-containing substances.
  • a good compromise between good hydrophobic property and only slack sticking of food ingredients is achieved by having a superstructure ratio of average profile height to average spacing of adjacent profile tips of 0.1 to 3.
  • the fine structure can be designed particularly advantageously in a ratio of average profile height to the mean distance of adjacent profile tips of 0.3 to 10 in such a way that this compromise is particularly easy to achieve.
  • a dirt-repellent further layer with an anti-adhesion agent in particular a hydrophobing agent, is applied to the layer.
  • an anti-adhesion agent is suitably a Water repellents, especially a siloxane, applied.
  • the coating of the microrough surface with such an anti-adhesive medium leads to a significantly greater reduction of the wettability with liquids.
  • the surface has a significantly improved cleaning property.
  • the anti-adhesive medium can be applied by dipping, misting, spraying or rubbing and is preferably baked at temperatures between 250 ° C and 350 ° C in the enamel layer.
  • Another advantage is achieved by applying the anti-adhesion agent in the valleys of the fine structure thicker than at the tips of the fine structure. As a result, the further layer is removed very little in a mechanical processing of the surface. The anti-adhesion agent is also protected in the valleys, providing a good anchorage of the anti-adhesion agent to the surface.
  • the anti-adhesion agent in the valleys of the fine structure is between 0.1 ⁇ m and 2.5 ⁇ m and at the tips of the fine structure between 5 nm and 0.5 ⁇ m thick.
  • the thickness of the anti-adhesion agent in the valleys of the fine structure is between 25% and 75% of the mean profile height of the fine structure. The farther the valleys of the fine structure are filled with the anti-adhesion agent, the less food residues can adhere to the valleys and burn in there. If the depth of the valleys is too high, however, the micro-roughness of the surface is reduced to such an extent that the cleanability of the surface is not satisfactorily reduced. With a degree of filling of between 25% and 75%, a good cleanability of the microrough surface effectively counteracts settling of food residues in the valleys.
  • the microrough surface can be coated very easily, for example by rubbing with the antiadhesion agent.
  • a refreshment or regeneration of the further layer can also be carried out as part of a customary cleaning or care reaction. For heavy soiling, stains or damage, the layer with simple means such. B. oven spray, to be removed. Thereafter, a new coating, for example by rubbing, applied and so the initial state and initial effect completely restored.
  • FIG. 1 shows an enamel layer 10 on a metallic substrate 12.
  • the enamel layer 10 and the substrate 12 are part of the wall of a cooking chamber of a cooker.
  • the enamel layer 10 has a glass flux 14 with embedded crystal zones 16, which consist of crystallized enamel crystalline phase.
  • FIG. 1 shows two crystal zones 16 which are arranged on the surface 18 of the enamel layer 10.
  • the enamel layer 10 comprises not shown further crystal zones, which are arranged below the surface 18.
  • the crystal zones 16 each form a "hill” which creates a coarse superstructure on the surface 18, and small formations 20, which form a fine structure at the points where the crystal zones 16 protrude from the surface 18 as "hills".
  • the crystal zones 16 thus form a fine structure and a coarse superstructure on the surface 18 of the enamel layer 10, the fine structure being configured only in the region of the crystal zones 16.
  • the valleys between the crystal zones 16 are substantially free of the fine structure.
  • the hilly elevations of the crystal zones 16 beyond the central surface are convex.
  • the lying between the elevations valleys are largely flat and at least less concave pronounced when the elevations are convex.
  • the crystal zones 16 are formed of a crystalline phase with crystals that have a long-range order at the atomic level. Within the enamel layer 10, the crystal zones 16 are embedded in the glass flux 14, wherein between the regions of the glass flux 14 and the crystal zones 16, a transition is pronounced, which in FIG. 1 is shown schematically in the form of a transition region 24. Near the crystal zones 16, the transition region 24 has a more crystalline phase and, in the vicinity of the glass flux 14, a more amorphous one Phase up. Macroscopically, there is thus a continuous transition between the crystalline phase of the crystal zones 16 and the amorphous phase of the glass flux 14.
  • the average profile height of the elevations of the crystal zones 16 over the valleys is 25 ⁇ m.
  • the average profile height of the formations 20 relative to the lying between the formations 20 small valleys is 2 microns.
  • the ratio of average profile height to the mean distance between adjacent profile peaks of the elevations is 0.2.
  • Concerning. the fine structure is the ratio of average profile height to the average distance between adjacent profile tips of the formations 20 0.7.
  • FIG. 2 shows a section of a crystal zone 26 with a fine structure-forming formations 30.
  • the surface 28 of the crystal zone 26 is coated with an anti-adhesion agent designed as a hydrophobizing agent 32.
  • the hydrophobizing agent 32 is a sol gel, namely a siloxane.
  • the hydrophobizing agent 32 is applied thicker in the valleys 34 between the formations 30 of the fine structure than at the tips of the fine structure.
  • the mean thickness 36 of the hydrophobizing agent 32 in the valleys is 1 ⁇ m, whereas the mean thickness 38 of the hydrophobing agent 30 at the tips of the formations 28 is 50 ⁇ m.
  • the average profile height of the formations 30 is 2 ⁇ m, approximately half the depth of the valleys 34 is filled by the hydrophobizing agent 32.
  • the average profile height of the fine structure, including the hydrophobizing agent 32 is thus reduced to half, that is to say 1 ⁇ m.
  • a section of an enamel layer 42 at a location of the junction between a glass flux 44 and a crystal zone 46 is in FIG. 3 shown. Formations 50 forming a fine structure are formed on the surface 48 of the enamel layer 42 both in the region of the crystal zone 46 and in the region of the transition region 52 shown schematically, in which a partially crystalline phase is present.
  • the surface 48 of the enamel layer 42 is coated with a hydrophobing agent 54, which is arranged both in the region of the crystal zone 46 and in the region of the glass flux 44.
  • the hydrophobing agent 54 which in the region of the valleys 56 between the formations 50 has a thickness of about 0.3 microns, is applied in the region of the surface 48 of the glass flux 44, ie in the valleys between the crystal zones 46 about 2 microns thick. As a result, these valleys are particularly effectively protected against the adherence of food residues.
  • FIG. 4 A further embodiment of an enamel layer 60 with a matrix of glass flux 62, in which first crystal zones 64 are embedded, is shown in FIG. 4 shown. Between the first crystal zones 64 forming the superstructure, smaller second crystal zones 68 are also formed which form a fine structure on the surface 66 of the valleys. The fine structure on the surface 66 of the enamel layer 60 is thus formed together by the formations 72 at the crystal zones 64 and the crystal zones 68, while the crystal zones 64 form the coarse superstructure.
  • the second crystal zones 68 in this case form a coarser fine structure than the formations 72 on the first crystal zones 64.
  • the second crystal zones 68 consist essentially of a cerium oxide or cerium silicate, whereas the first crystal zones 64 are essentially formed of TiO 2 .
  • the size of the crystal zones 64, 68 is determined by the material composition of the enamel frit and the melting and cooling temperature of the enamel frit or enamel layer 60. Within limits dictated by the materials, the temperatures are freely selectable and so selected that the desired crystal size, shape, and density within the glass flux 62 is achieved. Between the crystal zones 64, 68 and the zones of the glass flux 62 again schematically illustrated transition zones 70 are pronounced. Within the enamel layer 60, further crystal zones 64, 68 are formed below the surface 66, which are not shown in the figure for the sake of clarity.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Electric Ovens (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung geht aus von einer Vorrichtung mit einer mikrorauen Beschichtung nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention is based on a device with a micro-rough coating according to the preamble of claim 1.

Oberflächen im Küchenbereich, insbesondere in Herden, werden durch Gebrauch verschmutzt und müssen gereinigt werden. Besonders hartnäckig ist als Verschmutzung der Einbrand von Lebensmitteln, insbesondere fettigen, öligen, säurehaltigen oder stärkehaltigen Substanzen, die bei Temperaturen zwischen 200°C und 250°C thermisch abbauen, verlacken oder verkohlen und zu sehr fest anhaftenden, verkohlten Rückständen oder dünnen Lackfilmen auf der Oberfläche führen, die sich nur mit großem Aufwand entfernen lassen.Surfaces in the kitchen area, especially in stoves, are polluted by use and must be cleaned. Particularly stubborn is as contamination of the burning of food, especially greasy, oily, acidic or starchy substances that thermally degrade at temperatures between 200 ° C and 250 ° C, laking or charring and very adherent, charred residues or thin paint films on the Surface lead, which can be removed only with great effort.

Zur Lösung dieses Problems ist es üblich, verschmutzungsgefährdete Oberflächen als Emailoberflächen mit guter Chemikalienbeständigkeit auszugestalten. Durch die gute Chemikalienbeständigkeit wird einem chemischen Aufrauen der Oberfläche entgegengewirkt, so dass die Verschmutzung weniger fest anhaftet. Allerdings wird dem Anhaften und Festbrennen nur ungenügend entgegengewirkt, so dass eine mechanische Reinigung mit abrasiven Reinigungsmitteln wie einem Edelstahlspiralschwamm oder einem Glasschaber weiterhin großen Aufwand erfordert. Es sind außerdem katalytisch aktive Emails mit rauen, offenporigen Oberflächen bekannt. Ölige oder fetthaltige Verschmutzungen in Form von Spritzern werden in der Struktur gespreitet und katalytisch abgebaut. Es bleiben jedoch anorganische Rückstände wie Salze zurück, die aus der Struktur nur schwer zu entfernen sind. Durch das Zusetzen der Struktur lässt der Effekt im Laufe der Zeit nach. Großvolumige Verschmutzungen, die beispielsweise durch Überschwappen oder Auslaufen von Lebensmitteln entstehen, können nicht abgebaut werden. Deshalb wird üblicherweise die Bodenfläche in Herden nicht mit einer solchen Oberfläche versehen.To solve this problem, it is customary to design pollution-prone surfaces as enamel surfaces with good chemical resistance. Due to the good chemical resistance, a chemical roughening of the surface is counteracted, so that the contamination adheres less firmly. However, the adhesion and firing is insufficiently counteracted, so that a mechanical cleaning with abrasive cleaning agents such as a stainless steel spiral sponge or a glass scraper still requires great effort. There are also known catalytically active enamels with rough, porous surfaces. Oily or fatty soils in the form of splashes are spread in the structure and catalytically degraded. However, inorganic residues such as salts remain, which are difficult to remove from the structure. By adding the structure, the effect diminishes over time. Large-volume soiling, caused for example by spilling or leaking food, can not be broken down. Therefore, usually the bottom surface in herds is not provided with such a surface.

Aus der DE 199 33 550 C2 ist des Weiteren eine selbstreinigende Oberfläche für ein Gargerät mit einer mikrorauen Beschichtung bekannt, die durch ihre Oberflächenstruktur einen selbstreinigenden Effekt, den so genannten Lotuseffekt, ausprägt. Zur Verstärkung der selbstreinigenden Eigenschaft ist die Oberfläche mit einem katalytisch aktiven Metall überzogen. Es ist ferner aus der DE 100 16 485 A1 eine mikroraue Schicht auf einem Substrat bekannt, bei der die Rauigkeit durch die Einlagerung strukturbildender Partikel erzeugt wird. Die selbstreinigende Eigenschaft dieser Oberfläche kann durch einen zusätzlichen Überzug aus einem Hydrophobierungsmittel erhöht werden.From the DE 199 33 550 C2 Furthermore, a self-cleaning surface for a cooking appliance with a microrough coating is known, which by its surface structure a self-cleaning effect, the so-called lotus effect, pronounced. To enhance the self-cleaning property is the surface with a catalytically active metal overdrawn. It is also from the DE 100 16 485 A1 a microrough layer on a substrate is known in which the roughness is generated by the incorporation of structure-forming particles. The self-cleaning property of this surface can be increased by an additional coating of a hydrophobing agent.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, eine gattungsgemäße Vorrichtung weiterzuentwickeln, und zwar insbesondere hinsichtlich der guten Reinigbarkeit bei guter mechanischen Stabilität der mikrorauen Oberfläche.The object of the invention is to further develop a generic device, in particular with regard to the good cleanability with good mechanical stability of the microrough surface.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung können den Unteransprüchen entnommen werden.The object is achieved by the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention can be taken from the subclaims.

Die Erfindung geht aus von einer Vorrichtung, insbesondere einem Gargerät mit einem Garraum, mit einem Substrat, auf das eine Schicht mit einer mikrorauen Oberfläche angeordnet ist. Es wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Schicht eine Emailschicht mit in einen Glasfluss eingebetteten Kristallzonen aus aus Email auskristallisierter kristalliner Phase ist, wobei Kristallzonen an der Oberfläche der Schicht eine Feinstruktur und eine grobe Überstruktur bilden.The invention is based on a device, in particular a cooking appliance with a cooking chamber, with a substrate, on which a layer with a microrough surface is arranged. It is proposed that the layer is an enamel layer with crystal zones embedded in a glass flow of crystalline phase crystallized out of enamel, wherein crystal zones on the surface of the layer form a fine structure and a coarse superstructure.

Durch die Auskristallisation von Kristallstrukturen aus dem Email in den Kristallzonen sind diese Kristallstrukturen besonders fest mit dem sie umgebenden Glasfluss verbunden. Selbst bei einem weiten Hervorstehen dieser Kristallzonen aus einer mittleren Oberfläche wird einem Ausbrechen dieser Kristallzonen, beispielsweise durch heftiges Scheuern mit einem harten Gegenstand, effektiv entgegengewirkt. Die Oberfläche ist somit besonders mechanisch stabil und abriebfest, wodurch eine hohe Lebensdauer ohne wesentliche Beeinträchtigung der Eigenschaften der Oberfläche erreicht wird. Die Feinstruktur und die Überstruktur sind zwei getrennt betrachtbare Strukturen, die ähnlich wie Bäume (Feinstruktur) auf Hügeln (Überstruktur) miteinander in Verbindung stehen.Due to the crystallization of crystal structures from the enamel in the crystal zones, these crystal structures are particularly firmly connected to the surrounding glass flow. Even if these crystal zones protrude far from a central surface, the breaking-out of these crystal zones is effectively counteracted, for example by heavy rubbing with a hard object. The surface is thus particularly mechanically stable and resistant to abrasion, whereby a long service life without significant impairment of the properties of the surface is achieved. The fine structure and the superstructure are two separately observable structures that are similar to each other like trees (fine structure) on hills (superstructure).

Die kristalline Phase weist Kristalle mit einer Fernordnung auf, die mehr als 90 Gewichtsprozent der Kristallzonen bilden. Die Kristallzonen umgebend können Übergangszonen angeordnet sein, die eine Mischung aus einer kristallinen Phase und einer glasartigen Phase umfassen. Eine solche Übergangszone kann einen kontinuierlichen Übergang von der Kristallzone in einen Bereich mit überwiegend Glasfluss schaffen. Durch einen solchen kontinuierlichen Übergang sind die Kristallzonen besonders fest im Glasfluss eingebettet. Die Kristalle entstehen durch Auskristallisation oxidischer Phasen aus dem Email. Eine solche Auskristallisation kann durch eine Entmischung von Substanzen im Email bei Einbrenntemperatur erreicht werden. Es ist auch möglich, die Auskristallisation durch eine Ausscheidungskristallisation zu erreichen. Hierbei liegt eine Löslichkeit der Substanzen des Emails bei hohen Temperaturen und eine zumindest teilweise Unlöslichkeit bei tiefen Temperaturen vor. In einer solchen hochgesättigten Emailschmelze können durch den Abkühlprozess kristalline Ausscheidungen erzeugt werden. Die Herstellung solcher Emails ist aus Lehrbüchern hinlänglich bekannt, z.B. aus Armin Patzold, Helmut Fröschmann: "Email und Emailliertechnik", Springer Verlag, Berlin 1987, Kapitel 3.5 und Kapitel 22.6 . Die kristalline Phase kann aus einem oder mehreren der Substanzen TiO2, Ce02 oder Cersilikat zusammengesetzt sein. Es sind jedoch auch andere, dem Fachmann als geeignet erscheinende Verbindungen denkbar.The crystalline phase has long-order crystals that make up more than 90% by weight of the crystal zones. Surrounding the crystal zones may be arranged transition zones comprising a mixture of a crystalline phase and a glassy phase. Such a transition zone can be a continuous transition from create the crystal zone in an area with predominantly glass flux. Through such a continuous transition, the crystal zones are particularly firmly embedded in the glass flow. The crystals are formed by crystallization of oxidic phases from the enamel. Such crystallization can be achieved by segregation of substances in the enamel at baking temperature. It is also possible to achieve the crystallization by a precipitation crystallization. Here, a solubility of the substances of the enamel at high temperatures and an at least partially insolubility at low temperatures is present. In such a highly saturated enamel melt crystalline precipitates can be generated by the cooling process. The production of such emails is well known from textbooks, for example Armin Patzold, Helmut Fröschmann: "Enamelling and enamelling", Springer Verlag, Berlin 1987, chapter 3.5 and chapter 22.6 , The crystalline phase can be composed of one or more of the substances TiO 2 , CeO 2 or cersilicate. However, other compounds which appear to be suitable to a person skilled in the art are also conceivable.

In einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung umfassen die Kristallzonen größere erste Kristallzonen und kleinere zweite Kristallzonen, wobei die kleineren zweiten Kristallzonen in Bereichen zwischen ersten Kristallzonen lediglich eine Feinstruktur an der Oberfläche schaffen. Die zweiten Kristallzonen sind kleiner als die ersten Kristallzonen und schaffen in den ansonsten überwiegend glatten Bereichen um die ersten Kristallzonen eine Rauigkeit, die einem Ansetzen von Lebensmittelbestandteilen entgegenwirkt.In one embodiment of the invention, the crystal zones comprise larger first crystal zones and smaller second crystal zones, wherein the smaller second crystal zones provide only a fine structure at the surface in areas between first crystal zones. The second crystal zones are smaller than the first crystal zones and create a roughness in the otherwise predominantly smooth areas around the first crystal zones, which counteracts the formation of food constituents.

Zweckmäßigerweise bildet die Feinstruktur Erhebungen mit dazwischenliegenden Tälern, wobei die mittlere Form der Erhebungen konvexer ausgeprägt ist als die mittlere Form der Täler konkav ausgeprägt ist. Diese Struktur ist besonders wasserabweisend und die wenig konkave Form der Täler wirkt einem Verstopfen der Täler, beispielsweise durch festklebende oder einbrennende Rückstände, entgegen. Die Erhebungen bilden konvexe Ausformungen, wohingegen die Gebiete um die Erhebungen herum eben oder schräg - je nach Standort innerhalb der Überstruktur - oder bei dicht aneinander stehenden Erhebungen geringfügig konkav ausgebildet sind. Eingespritzte unerwünschte Stoffe finden somit nur wenig Halt zwischen den Erhebungen.Conveniently, the fine structure forms elevations with intermediate valleys, wherein the central shape of the elevations is more convex than the mean shape of the valleys is concave pronounced. This structure is particularly water repellent and the less concave shape of the valleys counteracts clogging of the valleys, for example by sticking or baking residues. The elevations form convex shapes, whereas the areas around the elevations are flat or oblique, depending on the location within the superstructure, or slightly concave in densely spaced elevations. Injected unwanted substances thus find little support between the surveys.

Vorteilhafterweise weist die Überstruktur eine mittlere Profilhöhe von 10 µm bis 50 µm, insbesondere von 10 µm bis 30 µm, auf, und die Feinstruktur weist eine mittlere Profilhöhe von 0,1 µm bis 5 µm, insbesondere von 0,5 µm bis 3 µm, auf. Hierdurch ist die Oberfläche ausreichend antiadhäsiv, um einen ausreichenden Abperleffekt von Flüssigkeiten von der Oberfläche zu gewährleisten, und sie weist eine guten Entfernbarkeit von eingespritzten fett-, öl- oder stärkehaltigen Substanzen auf.Advantageously, the superstructure has a mean profile height of 10 μm to 50 μm, in particular 10 μm to 30 μm, and the fine structure has a mean profile height from 0.1 μm to 5 μm, in particular from 0.5 μm to 3 μm. As a result, the surface is sufficiently anti-adhesive to ensure a sufficient bead-off effect of liquids from the surface, and it has a good removability of injected fat, oil or starch-containing substances.

Ein guter Kompromiss zwischen guter hydrophober Eigenschaft und nur lockerem Anhaften von Speisebestandteilen wird erreicht, indem die Überstruktur ein Verhältnis von mittlerer Profilhöhe zum mittleren Abstand benachbarter Profilspitzen von 0,1 bis 3 aufweist. Bei einer solchen Strukturdichte innerhalb der Überstruktur ist außerdem die Feinstruktur besonders vorteilhaft in einem Verhältnis von mittlerer Profilhöhe zum mittleren Abstand benachbarter Profilspitzen von 0,3 bis 10 in der Weise ausgestaltbar, dass dieser Kompromiss besonders gut erreichbar ist.A good compromise between good hydrophobic property and only slack sticking of food ingredients is achieved by having a superstructure ratio of average profile height to average spacing of adjacent profile tips of 0.1 to 3. In addition, with such a structure density within the superstructure, the fine structure can be designed particularly advantageously in a ratio of average profile height to the mean distance of adjacent profile tips of 0.3 to 10 in such a way that this compromise is particularly easy to achieve.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist auf die Schicht eine schmutzabweisende weitere Schicht mit einem Antiadhäsionsmittel, insbesondere einem Hydrophobierungsmittel, aufgebracht. Eine solche Schicht unterstützt die antiadhäsiven Eigenschaften der mikrorauen Oberfläche, ohne dass die Oberfläche vergrößert werden müsste, wodurch eine leichte Löslichkeit eingespritzter Speisereste ggf. entgegengewirkt würde. Als Antiadhäsionsmittel wird zweckmäßigerweise ein
Hydrophobierungsmittel, insbesondere ein Siloxan, aufgebracht. Der Überzug der mikrorauen Oberfläche mit einem solchen antiadhäsiven Medium führt zu einer deutlich stärkeren Reduzierung der Benetzbarkeit mit Flüssigkeiten. Die Oberfläche weist eine deutlich verbesserte Reinigungseigenschaft auf. Das antiadhäsive Medium kann durch Tauchen, Nebeln, Sprühen oder Einreiben aufgebracht werden und wird bevorzugterweise bei Temperaturen zwischen 250 °C und 350 °C in die Emailschicht eingebrannt.In a further embodiment of the invention, a dirt-repellent further layer with an anti-adhesion agent, in particular a hydrophobing agent, is applied to the layer. Such a layer supports the anti-adhesive properties of the microrough surface, without the surface having to be enlarged, which would possibly counteract a slight solubility of injected food particles. As an anti-adhesion agent is suitably a
Water repellents, especially a siloxane, applied. The coating of the microrough surface with such an anti-adhesive medium leads to a significantly greater reduction of the wettability with liquids. The surface has a significantly improved cleaning property. The anti-adhesive medium can be applied by dipping, misting, spraying or rubbing and is preferably baked at temperatures between 250 ° C and 350 ° C in the enamel layer.

Ein weiterer Vorteil wird erreicht, indem das Antiadhäsionsmittel in den Tälern der Feinstruktur dicker aufgebracht ist als an den Spitzen der Feinstruktur. Hierdurch wird die weitere Schicht bei einer mechanischen Bearbeitung der Oberfläche besonders wenig abgetragen. Das Antiadhäsionsmittel ist außerdem in den Tälern geschützt, wodurch eine gute Verankerung des Antiadhäsionsmittels an der Oberfläche erreicht wird.Another advantage is achieved by applying the anti-adhesion agent in the valleys of the fine structure thicker than at the tips of the fine structure. As a result, the further layer is removed very little in a mechanical processing of the surface. The anti-adhesion agent is also protected in the valleys, providing a good anchorage of the anti-adhesion agent to the surface.

Das Antiadhäsionsmittel ist in den Tälern der Feinstruktur zwischen 0,1 µm und 2,5 µm und an den Spitzen der Feinstruktur zwischen 5 nm und 0,5 µm dick.The anti-adhesion agent in the valleys of the fine structure is between 0.1 μm and 2.5 μm and at the tips of the fine structure between 5 nm and 0.5 μm thick.

Hierdurch wird eine besonders gute Abriebfestigkeit bei gleichzeitiger hoher Hydrophobierung der mikrorauen Struktur erreicht.As a result, a particularly good abrasion resistance is achieved with simultaneous high hydrophobicity of the microrough structure.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung beträgt die Dicke des Antiadhäsionsmittels in den Tälern der Feinstruktur zwischen 25% und 75% der mittleren Profilhöhe der Feinstruktur. Je weiter die Täler der Feinstruktur mit dem Antiadhäsionsmittel ausgefüllt sind, desto weniger können sich Lebensmittelreste in den Tälern festhalten und dort einbrennen. Bei zu großem Füllungsgrad der Täler wird jedoch die Mikrorauigkeit der Oberfläche soweit herabgesetzt, dass der Reinigbarkeit der Oberfläche in nicht zufriedenstellendem Maße herabgesetzt wird. Bei einem Füllungsgrad zwischen 25% und 75% wird bei einer guten Reinigbarkeit der mikrorauen Oberfläche einem Festsetzen der Lebensmittelreste in den Tälern wirkungsvoll entgegengewirkt.In a further embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the anti-adhesion agent in the valleys of the fine structure is between 25% and 75% of the mean profile height of the fine structure. The farther the valleys of the fine structure are filled with the anti-adhesion agent, the less food residues can adhere to the valleys and burn in there. If the depth of the valleys is too high, however, the micro-roughness of the surface is reduced to such an extent that the cleanability of the surface is not satisfactorily reduced. With a degree of filling of between 25% and 75%, a good cleanability of the microrough surface effectively counteracts settling of food residues in the valleys.

Je nach Einstellung der Viskosität des Antiadhäsionsmittels bleibt dieses bei einem beispielsweise Einreiben der mikrorauen Oberfläche mit dem Antiadhäsionsmittel mehr an den Spitzen oder mehr in den Tälern der Feinstruktur. Bei geringer Viskosität wird mehr Antiadhäsionsmittel in den Tälern gelagert. Die mikroraue Oberfläche lässt sich hierbei sehr leicht beispielsweise durch Einreiben mit dem Antiadhäsionsmittel beschichten. Es kann auch eine Auffrischung oder Regeneration der weiteren Schicht im Rahmen einer üblichen Reinigungs- oder Pflegeaktion durchgeführt werden. Bei starken Verschmutzungen, Verfleckungen oder Beschädigungen kann die Schicht mit einfachen Mitteln, wie z. B. Backofenspray, entfernt werden. Danach wird eine neue Beschichtung, beispielsweise durch Einreibung, aufgetragen und so der Anfangszustand und Anfangseffekt komplett wiederhergestellt.Depending on the setting of the viscosity of the anti-adhesion agent, this remains more at the tips or more in the valleys of the fine structure when, for example, rubbing the microrough surface with the antiadhesion agent. At low viscosity, more anti-adhesion agent is stored in the valleys. The microrough surface can be coated very easily, for example by rubbing with the antiadhesion agent. A refreshment or regeneration of the further layer can also be carried out as part of a customary cleaning or care reaction. For heavy soiling, stains or damage, the layer with simple means such. B. oven spray, to be removed. Thereafter, a new coating, for example by rubbing, applied and so the initial state and initial effect completely restored.

Weitere Vorteile ergeben sich aus der folgenden Zeichnungsbeschreibung. In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dargestellt. Die Zeichnung, die Beschreibung und die Ansprüche enthalten zahlreiche Merkmale in Kombination. Der Fachmann wird die Merkmale zweckmäßigerweise auch einzeln betrachten und zu sinnvollen weiteren Kombinationen zusammenfassen.Further advantages emerge from the following description of the drawing. In the drawing, an embodiment of the invention is shown. The drawing, the description and the claims contain numerous features in combination. The person skilled in the art will expediently also consider the features individually and combine them into meaningful further combinations.

Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen Schnitt durch eine Emailschicht mit eingebetteten Kristallzonen,
  • Fig.2 einen Schnitt durch einen Teil einer Kristallzone,
  • Fig.3 einen Schnitt durch eine antiadhäsive Schicht auf der Emailschicht und
  • Fig.4 einen Schnitt durch eine weitere Emailschicht mit Kristallzonen.
Show it:
  • Fig. 1 a section through an enamel layer with embedded crystal zones,
  • Fig.2 a section through a part of a crystal zone,
  • Figure 3 a section through an anti-adhesive layer on the enamel layer and
  • Figure 4 a section through another enamel layer with crystal zones.

Figur 1 zeigt eine Emailschicht 10 auf einem metallischen Substrat 12. Die Emailschicht 10 und das Substrat 12 sind Teil der Wandung eines Garraums eines Herdes. Die Emailschicht 10 weist einen Glasfluss 14 mit eingebetteten Kristallzonen 16 auf, die aus Email auskristallisierter kristalliner Phase bestehen. Figur 1 zeigt zwei Kristallzonen 16, die an der Oberfläche 18 der Emailschicht 10 angeordnet sind. Die Emailschicht 10 umfasst nicht gezeigte weitere Kristallzonen, die unterhalb der Oberfläche 18 angeordnet sind. Die Kristallzonen 16 bilden jeweils einen "Hügel", der eine grobe Überstruktur an der Oberfläche 18 schafft, sowie kleine Ausformungen 20 aus, die an den Stellen, an denen die Kristallzonen 16 als "Hügel" aus der Oberfläche 18 herausragen, eine Feinstruktur bilden. Die Kristallzonen 16 bilden somit an der Oberfläche 18 der Emailschicht 10 eine Feinstruktur und eine grobe Überstruktur, wobei die Feinstruktur nur im Bereich der Kristallzonen 16 ausgestaltet ist. Die Täler zwischen den Kristallzonen 16 sind im Wesentlichen frei von der Feinstruktur. Die hügelhaften Erhebungen der Kristallzonen 16 über die mittlere Oberfläche hinaus sind konvex ausgeprägt. Die zwischen den Erhebungen liegenden Täler sind weitgehend flach und jedenfalls weniger konkav ausgeprägt, als die Erhebungen konvex ausgeprägt sind. FIG. 1 shows an enamel layer 10 on a metallic substrate 12. The enamel layer 10 and the substrate 12 are part of the wall of a cooking chamber of a cooker. The enamel layer 10 has a glass flux 14 with embedded crystal zones 16, which consist of crystallized enamel crystalline phase. FIG. 1 shows two crystal zones 16 which are arranged on the surface 18 of the enamel layer 10. The enamel layer 10 comprises not shown further crystal zones, which are arranged below the surface 18. The crystal zones 16 each form a "hill" which creates a coarse superstructure on the surface 18, and small formations 20, which form a fine structure at the points where the crystal zones 16 protrude from the surface 18 as "hills". The crystal zones 16 thus form a fine structure and a coarse superstructure on the surface 18 of the enamel layer 10, the fine structure being configured only in the region of the crystal zones 16. The valleys between the crystal zones 16 are substantially free of the fine structure. The hilly elevations of the crystal zones 16 beyond the central surface are convex. The lying between the elevations valleys are largely flat and at least less concave pronounced when the elevations are convex.

Die Kristallzonen 16 sind aus einer kristallinen Phase mit Kristallen gebildet, die auf atomarer Ebene eine Fernordnung aufweisen. Innerhalb der Emailschicht 10 sind die Kristallzonen 16 in den Glasfluss 14 eingebettet, wobei zwischen den Bereichen des Glasflusses 14 und den Kristallzonen 16 ein Übergang ausgeprägt ist, der in Figur 1 schematisch in Form eines Übergangsbereichs 24 dargestellt ist. In der Nähe der Kristallzonen 16 weist der Übergangsbereich 24 eine eher kristalline Phase und in der Nähe des Glasflusses 14 eine eher amorphe Phase auf. Makroskopisch gesehen besteht somit ein kontinuierlicher Übergang zwischen der kristallinen Phase der Kristallzonen 16 und der amorphen Phase des Glasflusses 14.The crystal zones 16 are formed of a crystalline phase with crystals that have a long-range order at the atomic level. Within the enamel layer 10, the crystal zones 16 are embedded in the glass flux 14, wherein between the regions of the glass flux 14 and the crystal zones 16, a transition is pronounced, which in FIG. 1 is shown schematically in the form of a transition region 24. Near the crystal zones 16, the transition region 24 has a more crystalline phase and, in the vicinity of the glass flux 14, a more amorphous one Phase up. Macroscopically, there is thus a continuous transition between the crystalline phase of the crystal zones 16 and the amorphous phase of the glass flux 14.

Die mittlere Profilhöhe der Erhebungen der Kristallzonen 16 über den Tälern beträgt 25 µm. Die mittlere Profilhöhe der Ausformungen 20 relativ zu den zwischen den Ausformungen 20 liegenden kleinen Tälern beträgt 2 µm. Das Verhältnis von mittlerer Profilhöhe zum mittleren Abstand benachbarter Profilspitzen der Erhebungen beträgt 0,2. Bzgl. der Feinstruktur beträgt das Verhältnis von mittlerer Profilhöhe zum mittleren Abstand benachbarter Profilspitzen der Ausformungen 20 0,7.The average profile height of the elevations of the crystal zones 16 over the valleys is 25 μm. The average profile height of the formations 20 relative to the lying between the formations 20 small valleys is 2 microns. The ratio of average profile height to the mean distance between adjacent profile peaks of the elevations is 0.2. Concerning. the fine structure is the ratio of average profile height to the average distance between adjacent profile tips of the formations 20 0.7.

Figur 2 zeigt einen Ausschnitt aus einer Kristallzone 26 mit eine Feinstruktur bildenden Ausformungen 30. Die Oberfläche 28 der Kristallzone 26 ist mit einem als Hydrophobierungsmittel 32 ausgestalteten Antiadhäsionsmittel überzogen. Das Hydrophobierungsmittel 32 ist ein Sol-Gel, und zwar ein Siloxan. Das Hydrophobierungsmittel 32 ist in den Tälern 34 zwischen den Ausformungen 30 der Feinstruktur dicker aufgebracht als an den Spitzen der Feinstruktur. Die mittlere Dicke 36 des Hydrophobierungsmittels 32 in den Tälern beträgt 1 µm, wohingegen die mittlere Dicke 38 des Hydrophobierungsmittels 30 an den Spitzen der Ausformungen 28 50 nm beträgt. Da die mittlere Profilhöhe der Ausformungen 30 2 µm beträgt, wird etwa die Hälfte der Tiefe der Täler 34 durch das Hydrophobierungsmittel 32 ausgefüllt. Durch das Hydrophobierungsmittel 32 wird die mittlere Profilhöhe der Feinstruktur inkl. Hydrophobierungsmittel 32 somit auf die Hälfte, also 1 µm reduziert. FIG. 2 shows a section of a crystal zone 26 with a fine structure-forming formations 30. The surface 28 of the crystal zone 26 is coated with an anti-adhesion agent designed as a hydrophobizing agent 32. The hydrophobizing agent 32 is a sol gel, namely a siloxane. The hydrophobizing agent 32 is applied thicker in the valleys 34 between the formations 30 of the fine structure than at the tips of the fine structure. The mean thickness 36 of the hydrophobizing agent 32 in the valleys is 1 μm, whereas the mean thickness 38 of the hydrophobing agent 30 at the tips of the formations 28 is 50 μm. Since the average profile height of the formations 30 is 2 μm, approximately half the depth of the valleys 34 is filled by the hydrophobizing agent 32. By means of the hydrophobizing agent 32, the average profile height of the fine structure, including the hydrophobizing agent 32, is thus reduced to half, that is to say 1 μm.

Ein Ausschnitt aus einer Emailschicht 42 an einer Stelle des Übergangs zwischen einem Glasfluss 44 und einer Kristallzone 46 ist in Figur 3 gezeigt. An der Oberfläche 48 der Emailschicht 42 sind eine Feinstruktur bildende Ausformungen 50 sowohl im Bereich der Kristallzone 46 als auch im Bereich des schematisch dargestellten Übergangsbereichs 52 ausgeprägt, in der eine teilweise kristalline Phase vorliegt. Die Oberfläche 48 der Emailschicht 42 ist mit einem Hydrophobierungsmittel 54 beschichtet, das sowohl im Bereich der Kristallzone 46 als auch im Bereich des Glasflusses 44 angeordnet ist. Das Hydrophobierungsmittel 54, das im Bereich der Täler 56 zwischen den Ausformungen 50 eine Dicke von etwa 0,3 µm aufweist, ist im Bereich der Oberfläche 48 des Glasflusses 44, also in den Tälern zwischen den Kristallzonen 46 etwa 2 µm dick aufgetragen. Hierdurch sind diese Täler besonders wirkungsvoll gegen das Anhaften von Speiserückständen geschützt.A section of an enamel layer 42 at a location of the junction between a glass flux 44 and a crystal zone 46 is in FIG. 3 shown. Formations 50 forming a fine structure are formed on the surface 48 of the enamel layer 42 both in the region of the crystal zone 46 and in the region of the transition region 52 shown schematically, in which a partially crystalline phase is present. The surface 48 of the enamel layer 42 is coated with a hydrophobing agent 54, which is arranged both in the region of the crystal zone 46 and in the region of the glass flux 44. The hydrophobing agent 54, which in the region of the valleys 56 between the formations 50 has a thickness of about 0.3 microns, is applied in the region of the surface 48 of the glass flux 44, ie in the valleys between the crystal zones 46 about 2 microns thick. As a result, these valleys are particularly effectively protected against the adherence of food residues.

Eine weitere Ausgestaltung einer Emailschicht 60 mit einer Matrix aus Glasfluss 62, in die erste Kristallzonen 64 eingebettet sind, ist in Figur 4 dargestellt. Zwischen den die Überstruktur bildenden ersten Kristallzonen 64 sind auch kleinere zweite Kristallzonen 68 ausgeprägt, die an der Oberfläche 66 der Täler eine Feinstruktur bilden. Die Feinstruktur auf der Oberfläche 66 der Emailschicht 60 wird somit von den Ausformungen 72 an den Kristallzonen 64 und den Kristallzonen 68 zusammen gebildet, während die Kristallzonen 64 die grobe Überstruktur bilden. Die zweiten Kristallzonen 68 bilden hierbei eine gröbere Feinstruktur als die Ausformungen 72 auf den ersten Kristallzonen 64. Die zweiten Kristallzonen 68 bestehen im Wesentlichen aus einem Ceroxid oder Cersilikat, wohingegen die ersten Kristallzonen 64 im Wesentlichen aus TiO2 gebildet sind. Die Größe der Kristallzonen 64, 68 ist durch die Materialzusammensetzung der Emailfritte und die Schmelz- und Abkühltemperatur der Emailfritte bzw. der Emailschicht 60 bedingt. Innerhalb von durch die Materialien vorgegebenen Grenzen sind die Temperaturen frei wählbar und so zu wählen, dass die gewünschte Kristallgröße, - form und -dichte innerhalb des Glasflusses 62 erreicht wird. Zwischen den Kristallzonen 64, 68 und den Zonen des Glasflusses 62 sind wiederum schematisch dargestellte Übergangszonen 70 ausgeprägt. Innerhalb der Emailschicht 60 sind unter der Oberfläche 66 weitere Kristallzonen 64, 68 ausgebildet, die der Übersichtlichkeit halber in der Figur nicht dargestellt sind.A further embodiment of an enamel layer 60 with a matrix of glass flux 62, in which first crystal zones 64 are embedded, is shown in FIG FIG. 4 shown. Between the first crystal zones 64 forming the superstructure, smaller second crystal zones 68 are also formed which form a fine structure on the surface 66 of the valleys. The fine structure on the surface 66 of the enamel layer 60 is thus formed together by the formations 72 at the crystal zones 64 and the crystal zones 68, while the crystal zones 64 form the coarse superstructure. The second crystal zones 68 in this case form a coarser fine structure than the formations 72 on the first crystal zones 64. The second crystal zones 68 consist essentially of a cerium oxide or cerium silicate, whereas the first crystal zones 64 are essentially formed of TiO 2 . The size of the crystal zones 64, 68 is determined by the material composition of the enamel frit and the melting and cooling temperature of the enamel frit or enamel layer 60. Within limits dictated by the materials, the temperatures are freely selectable and so selected that the desired crystal size, shape, and density within the glass flux 62 is achieved. Between the crystal zones 64, 68 and the zones of the glass flux 62 again schematically illustrated transition zones 70 are pronounced. Within the enamel layer 60, further crystal zones 64, 68 are formed below the surface 66, which are not shown in the figure for the sake of clarity.

Claims (7)

  1. Apparatus, in particular cooking appliance with a cooking chamber, with a substrate (12), on which a layer with a micro-rough surface (18, 28, 48, 66) is arranged, wherein the layer is an enamel layer (10, 42, 60) with crystal zones (16, 26, 46, 64, 68) embedded in a glass flow (14, 44, 62) crystallised out of enamel in a crystalline phase, which crystal zones (16, 26, 46, 64) form a microstructure and a rough superstructure on the surface (18, 28, 48, 66) of the layer, wherein the crystal zones (16, 26, 46, 64) surround transition zones (24, 52, 70) which comprise a mixture of a crystalline phase and a vitreous phase, so that a continuous transition exists between the crystalline phase of the crystal zones (16, 26, 46, 64) and the amorphous phase of the glass flow (14, 44, 62), wherein the superstructure has an average profile height of from 10 µm to 50 µm, and the microstructure has an average profile height of from 0.1 µm to 5 µm,
    wherein a dirt-repellent further layer with an anti-adhesion agent, which is a hydrophobing agent (32), is applied to the layer,
    wherein the hydrophobing agent (32) is applied more thickly in the valleys (34, 56) of the microstructure than on the peaks of the microstructure, and
    wherein the hydrophobing agent is between 0.1 µm and 2.5 µm thick in the valleys (34, 56) of the microstructure and between 5 nm and 500 nm thick on the peaks of the microstructure.
  2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterised in that the crystal zones (16, 26, 46, 64, 68) comprise larger first crystal zones (16, 26, 46, 64) and smaller second crystal zones (68), which form only one microstructure on the surface (18, 28, 48, 66) in regions between first crystal zones (16, 26, 46, 64).
  3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the superstructure has an average profile height of from 10 µm to 30 µm and the microstructure has an average profile height of from 0.5 µm to 3 µm.
  4. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the superstructure has a ratio of average profile height to average spacing between adjacent profile peaks of from 0.1 to 3.
  5. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the microstructure has a ratio of average profile height to average spacing between adjacent profile peaks of from 0.3 to 10.
  6. Apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the hydrophobing agent (32) is a sol gel, in particular a siloxane.
  7. Apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the thickness of the hydrophobing agent (32) in the valleys (34, 56) of the microstructure amounts to between 25% and 75% of the average profile height of the microstructure.
EP04711614.0A 2003-02-17 2004-02-17 Device comprising a micro-rough coating Expired - Lifetime EP1597521B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE10306582 2003-02-17
DE10306582A DE10306582A1 (en) 2003-02-17 2003-02-17 Surface coating for a cooker or oven comprises a vitreous enamel layer with embedded crystal zones that provide both coarse and fine surface roughness
PCT/EP2004/001493 WO2004072556A1 (en) 2003-02-17 2004-02-17 Device comprising a micro-rough coating

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DE102005037338A1 (en) * 2005-08-04 2007-02-08 Starnberger Beschichtungen Gmbh Producing a nonstick coating on a substrate comprises applying a primer coat having inclusions, applying a top coat and heat-treating the top coat
KR101295565B1 (en) * 2006-10-10 2013-08-09 엘지전자 주식회사 Cooking device and Manufacturing method for the same
US8286561B2 (en) 2008-06-27 2012-10-16 Ssw Holding Company, Inc. Spill containing refrigerator shelf assembly
US11786036B2 (en) 2008-06-27 2023-10-17 Ssw Advanced Technologies, Llc Spill containing refrigerator shelf assembly
ES2613885T3 (en) * 2009-11-04 2017-05-26 Ssw Holding Company, Inc. Cooking appliance surfaces that have a pattern of confinement of splashes and their manufacturing procedures
DE102011085428A1 (en) 2011-10-28 2013-05-02 Schott Ag shelf
FR3071909B1 (en) * 2017-09-29 2019-10-18 Eurokera S.N.C. VITROCERAMIC PLATE COMPRISING A CORD FOR RETAINING LIQUIDS.
WO2020207367A1 (en) * 2019-04-09 2020-10-15 Electrolux Appliances Aktiebolag Cavity having a non-stick and/or non-wetting coating, cooking appliance comprising such a cavity and method for manufacturing a cavity

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US3761293A (en) * 1971-04-27 1973-09-25 Hommel Co O Ceramic coating compositions for continuous cleaning surfaces
US5898180A (en) * 1997-05-23 1999-04-27 General Electric Company Infrared energy reflecting composition and method of manufacture
DE59904891D1 (en) * 1998-10-22 2003-05-08 Rational Ag COOKER WITH CATALYST
DE19933550C2 (en) * 1999-07-16 2002-01-24 Rational Ag Cooking device with self-cleaning cooking space
DE10016485A1 (en) * 2000-04-01 2001-10-11 Dmc2 Degussa Metals Catalysts Glass, ceramic and metal substrates with a self-cleaning surface, process for their production and their use
DE10063739B4 (en) * 2000-12-21 2009-04-02 Ferro Gmbh Substrates with self-cleaning surface, process for their preparation and their use
US20040018932A1 (en) * 2002-06-28 2004-01-29 Boris Yuriditsky Composition for producing a porcelain enamel having a metallic appearance

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US20060182929A1 (en) 2006-08-17

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