EP1586353B1 - Method and device for measuring efficacy of a sportive activity - Google Patents
Method and device for measuring efficacy of a sportive activity Download PDFInfo
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- EP1586353B1 EP1586353B1 EP20040405233 EP04405233A EP1586353B1 EP 1586353 B1 EP1586353 B1 EP 1586353B1 EP 20040405233 EP20040405233 EP 20040405233 EP 04405233 A EP04405233 A EP 04405233A EP 1586353 B1 EP1586353 B1 EP 1586353B1
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- Prior art keywords
- attribute
- sportsperson
- heart rate
- effectiveness
- reference population
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- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000002683 foot Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000003423 ankle Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000556 agonist Substances 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B69/00—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports
- A63B69/0028—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports for running, jogging or speed-walking
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B69/00—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2220/00—Measuring of physical parameters relating to sporting activity
- A63B2220/40—Acceleration
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2230/00—Measuring physiological parameters of the user
- A63B2230/04—Measuring physiological parameters of the user heartbeat characteristics, e.g. ECG, blood pressure modulations
- A63B2230/06—Measuring physiological parameters of the user heartbeat characteristics, e.g. ECG, blood pressure modulations heartbeat rate only
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of physical activities. It relates more particularly to a method and a device for measuring the effectiveness of a sporting gesture.
- the training aims to improve its efficiency, or efficiency, which can be defined by the ratio between the energy expended and the energy cost required by the movement and / or displacement. athlete.
- Improving efficiency also means reducing the denominator of the ratio of "energy spent / energy cost”.
- the problem lies mainly in material aspects of the sports equipment.
- the energy cost of the movement goes through an improvement of the technical control of the gesture in question. Its effectiveness is directly linked to parameters that are difficult to quantify (orientation of the supports, relaxation of the antagonistic muscles in the working phases and agonist muscles in the rest phases, parasitic movements, etc.).
- US-A-6397151 describes a method and a device for measuring the effectiveness of an athlete's gesture.
- the present invention aims to allow an athlete to evaluate the effectiveness of his technique, without the need for an outside look.
- the invention also provides, particularly for coaches, a rational means for quantifying the technical progress of the athlete.
- the attribute A is the standard deviation of the signal supplied by the accelerometer.
- stride is modeled through the center of gravity of the runner, which has a sinusoidal movement. Stride efficiency translates into consistent speed and minimized center of gravity acceleration in a vertical direction.
- the athlete is equipped with a device according to the invention, comprising a heart rate measuring device or heart rate monitor 10 of known type as, for example, that marketed by the firm Polar®.
- the measurement is done through a probe incorporated in a chest strap 12 disposed on the chest of the athlete. It transmits a signal received by a wristwatch 13 equipped to treat it and display the instantaneous heart rate, including as a percentage of the athlete's maximum heart rate.
- the device according to the invention further comprises an accelerometer 14 integral with the runner's chest. It is, for example, attached to the belt 12 of the heart rate monitor.
- the sensor used is of the ADXL 202E type marketed by the firm Analog Devices and provides a signal representative of the acceleration that the center of gravity of the runner undergoes in the three directions of space.
- a processing circuit 15 receives the signal from the accelerometer 14 conveyed by transmission means, consisting of a transmitter 16a and a receiver 17 respectively associated with the accelerometer 14 and the processing circuit 15. To avoid any disturbance induced by a background noise or an artifact, the signal is corrected by a bandpass-type filter 18 before arriving at the processing circuit 15. The latter also receives from a transmitter 16b information from the heart rate monitor 10 instantaneous heart rate and percentage of maximum heart rate.
- the circuit 15 processes this information so as to evaluate the effectiveness of the athlete's gesture, as will be described below.
- the processing circuit 15 is housed in the watch 13 and the transmission means 16 and 17 are wireless.
- the transmission frequencies of the signals of the heart rate sensor 10 and the accelerometer 14 are protected from each other to avoid any disturbance.
- the device further comprises, placed at the output of the processing circuit 15, signaling means 19 to inform the athlete on the effectiveness of his gesture.
- the signaling may be audible and the means 19 then consist of a loudspeaker also housed in the watch 13.
- the attribute A extracted at 22 is the standard deviation of the acceleration signal of the torso delivered by the accelerometer 14. Every 5 seconds, this standard deviation is estimated on the basis of measurements made during the last 10 seconds.
- the normalization 23 of the attribute A is necessary for the subsequent comparison. Since the frequency of the stride has a direct impact on the acceleration experienced by the torso of the runner, this normalization is performed with respect to this frequency, directly extracted from the signal supplied by the accelerometer 14, advantageously by the zero crossing method of the signal. Indeed, according to the sinusoidal modeling of the displacement of the center of gravity of the runner, there are two passages by zero of the signal in each of the periods.
- the reference value used for the comparison operation 24, contained in the memory 21, is the average A ⁇ of the attribute, obtained for a reference population.
- the effectiveness of the stride is not the same during a simple jog or competition. It is therefore necessary to compare the attributes of the subject and the reference runners at a similar intensity of effort.
- the average A ⁇ of the attribute is stored in the memory, at the factory, for different values of a force parameter P i , which is a percentage of the maximum heart rate.
- the attributes of the reference population are obtained by running its limbs at stable threshold intensities, typically 60%, 70%, 80%, 85% of their maximum heart rate. These percentages, given as an example, correspond to an audience of endurance runners.
- the microprocessor 20 searches the memory 21 for the reference value A ⁇ corresponding to the percentage of the maximum heart rate indicated by the heart rate monitor 10. This value is either directly extracted from the memory if the percentage corresponds at a threshold intensity, is calculated by interpolation if the percentage is between two values of the parameter P i .
- the comparison between the measured attribute A and its average reference value A ⁇ is advantageously performed, typically every five seconds, by means of the Mahalanobis formula. This allows, in the case where several attributes are taken into account in the comparison, to weight the calculation by the influence of each attribute according to its reliability. To do this, it involves a standardization by the covariance matrix of the average attributes of the reference population.
- the difference d from the comparison 24 is an index of the effectiveness of the stride. It is transcribed at 25 by the signaling means 19. A correlation scale is stored for this purpose in the memory 21 to make the calculated index meaningful by associating a frequency of a signal with it. intermittent sound. Thus, for example, the larger the difference calculated using the Mahalanobis formula, the higher the frequency of the signal.
- the index can also be displayed digitally on the screen of the watch 13.
- the riders constituting the reference population were chosen according to their performances and the quality of their stride, judged by experts of the discipline according to the traditional criteria. A rider with a less academic style will not be included in this sampling, so as not to distort the reference values.
- the device can also be adapted to other sports than running by changing the position of the accelerometer.
- gymnasts may also use an apparatus according to the invention to study their rotation during acrobatics.
- the use of a heart rate monitor and taking into account the intensity of the effort to perform the comparison are not mandatory.
- the heart rate monitor implemented in the device can also operate on the basis of any other measurement system, such as, for example, an optical measurement described in EP 1 297 784 A1.
Description
L'invention se rapporte au domaine des activités physiques. Elle concerne, plus particulièrement, un procédé et un dispositif pour la mesure de l'efficacité d'un geste sportif.The invention relates to the field of physical activities. It relates more particularly to a method and a device for measuring the effectiveness of a sporting gesture.
Pour tout sportif, compétiteur ou amateur, qui cherche à progresser, l'entraînement vise à améliorer son efficacité, ou rendement, qui peut être définie par le rapport entre l'énergie dépensée et le coût énergétique requis par le mouvement et/ou le déplacement du sportif.For any athlete, competitor or amateur, who is looking to progress, the training aims to improve its efficiency, or efficiency, which can be defined by the ratio between the energy expended and the energy cost required by the movement and / or displacement. athlete.
Si l'on prend l'exemple du skieur de fond, on comprend bien, en effet, que sur un parcours donné, un sportif doit, pour être plus performant, soit augmenter l'énergie qu'il dépense, soit améliorer sa technique et sa qualité de glisse.If we take the example of the cross-country skier, we understand, indeed, that on a given course, an athlete must, to be more efficient, either increase the energy he spends, or improve his technique and its quality of gliding.
De manière classique, l'entraînement se focalise sur l'augmentation du numérateur du rapport mentionné ci-dessus, c'est-à-dire l'énergie dépensée. De nombreux travaux sur la physiologie du sport ont permis de développer des théories et des exercices pour améliorer les capacités physiques du sportif. Ils sont basés sur un critère essentiel, facilement accessible : la fréquence cardiaque. Cependant, cet entraînement physique implique des efforts importants pour des progrès généralement lents.Conventionally, the training focuses on increasing the numerator of the ratio mentioned above, that is to say the energy expended. Many works on the physiology of sport have developed theories and exercises to improve the physical capabilities of the sportsman. They are based on an essential criterion, easily accessible: the heart rate. However, this physical training involves significant efforts for generally slow progress.
L'amélioration de l'efficacité passe aussi par une diminution du dénominateur du rapport « énergie dépensée / coût énergétique ». Pour ce qui concerne le coût énergétique du mouvement ou déplacement, le problème repose essentiellement sur des aspects matériels de l'équipement du sportif. Par contre, le coût énergétique du mouvement passe par une amélioration de la maîtrise technique du geste en question. Son efficacité est directement liée à des paramètres difficiles à quantifier (orientation des appuis, relâchement des muscles antagonistes dans les phases de travail et des muscles agonistes dans les phases de repos, mouvements parasites... ).Improving efficiency also means reducing the denominator of the ratio of "energy spent / energy cost". As far as the energy cost of the movement or displacement is concerned, the problem lies mainly in material aspects of the sports equipment. On the other hand, the energy cost of the movement goes through an improvement of the technical control of the gesture in question. Its effectiveness is directly linked to parameters that are difficult to quantify (orientation of the supports, relaxation of the antagonistic muscles in the working phases and agonist muscles in the rest phases, parasitic movements, etc.).
L'analyse de ces paramètres nécessite, le plus souvent, la présence d'une personne extérieure avisée, capable d'analyser le geste du sportif et de prodiguer les conseils adéquats. Mais ceci repose, généralement, davantage sur le coup d'oeil et l'expérience de l'observateur que sur de réelles mesures scientifiques.The analysis of these parameters requires, most often, the presence of an informed outside person, able to analyze the gesture of the athlete and to provide adequate advice. But this is usually based more on the observer's eye and experience than on real scientific measurements.
Le document US-A-6397151 décrit un procédé et un dispositif de mesure de l'efficacité du geste d'un sportif.US-A-6397151 describes a method and a device for measuring the effectiveness of an athlete's gesture.
La présente invention a pour but de permettre à un sportif d'évaluer l'efficacité de sa technique, sans avoir besoin d'un regard extérieur. L'invention fournit aussi, particulièrement pour les entraîneurs, un moyen rationnel permettant de quantifier les progrès techniques du sportif.The present invention aims to allow an athlete to evaluate the effectiveness of his technique, without the need for an outside look. The invention also provides, particularly for coaches, a rational means for quantifying the technical progress of the athlete.
De façon plus précise, l'invention concerne un procédé de mesure de l'efficacité du geste d'un sportif. Il comprend les étapes suivantes :
- extraction d'au moins un attribut A du signal fourni par un accéléromètre placé sur le sportif de manière à capter l'accélération liée à ce geste,
- comparaison de cet attribut avec la valeur moyenne A̅ du même attribut, obtenue pour une population de référence et stockée dans une mémoire, et
- production d'une représentation de l'efficacité du geste.
- extracting at least one attribute A from the signal provided by an accelerometer placed on the athlete so as to capture the acceleration associated with this gesture,
- comparing this attribute with the average value A̅ of the same attribute, obtained for a reference population and stored in a memory, and
- production of a representation of the effectiveness of the gesture.
Selon l'invention, la comparaison s'effectue entre :
- l'attribut A, et
- sa valeur moyenne A̅, obtenue pour une population de référence, correspondant au pourcentage de la fréquence cardiaque maximale fourni par un cardiofréquencemètre porté par le sportif.
- attribute A , and
- its average value A̅ , obtained for a reference population, corresponding to the percentage of the maximum heart rate provided by a heart rate monitor worn by the athlete.
Avantageusement, l'attribut A est l'écart-type du signal fourni par l'accéléromètre.Advantageously, the attribute A is the standard deviation of the signal supplied by the accelerometer.
L'invention concerne également un dispositif pour la mesure de l'efficacité d'un geste sportif. Il comprend :
- un accéléromètre placé sur un sportif de manière à fournir un signal représentatif de ce geste,
- un circuit de traitement doté d'un microprocesseur et d'une mémoire, recevant le signal, le microprocesseur étant programmé pour effectuer, à intervalles déterminés, les opérations suivantes :
- ■ extraction d'au moins un attribut A du signal de l'accéléromètre,
- ■ comparaison de l'attribut A avec la valeur moyenne A̅ du même attribut, obtenue pour une population de référence et stockée dans ladite mémoire, et
- ■ production d'une représentation de l'efficacité du geste, et
- des moyens de signalisation pour transmettre au sportif cette représentation.
- an accelerometer placed on an athlete so as to provide a signal representative of this gesture,
- a processing circuit provided with a microprocessor and a memory receiving the signal, the microprocessor being programmed to perform, at determined intervals, the following operations:
- Extracting at least one attribute A from the accelerometer signal,
- Comparing the attribute A with the average value A̅ of the same attribute, obtained for a reference population and stored in said memory, and
- ■ production of a representation of the effectiveness of the gesture, and
- signaling means for transmitting to the athlete this representation.
De manière avantageuse, le dispositif comporte, en outre, un appareil de mesure de la fréquence cardiaque destiné à fournir au circuit de traitement des informations relatives à la fréquence cardiaque du sportif. Ce circuit de traitement est programmé pour effectuer l'opération de comparaison entre :
- l'attribut A , et
- sa valeur moyenne A̅ , obtenue pour une population de référence, correspondant au pourcentage de la fréquence cardiaque maximale fourni par un cardiofréquencemètre porté par le sportif.
- attribute A , and
- its average value A̅ , obtained for a reference population, corresponding to the percentage of the maximum heart rate provided by a heart rate monitor worn by the athlete.
La comparaison est effectuée selon l'équation :
- d (ƒc) est l'écart entre le coureur et la population de référence pour un pourcentage donné ƒc de la fréquence cardiaque maximale,
-
-
- Cƒc est la matrice de covariance des valeurs moyennes des attributs de la population de référence, et
- T indique que la matrice correspondante est transposée.
- d ( ƒc ) is the distance between the runner and the reference population for a given percentage ƒc of the maximum heart rate,
-
-
- C ƒc is the covariance matrix of the mean values of the attributes of the reference population, and
- T indicates that the corresponding matrix is transposed.
Le dispositif peut comporter encore l'une ou l'autre des caractéristiques suivantes :
- le circuit de traitement et les moyens de signalisation sont logés dans une montre portée par le sportif,
- les moyens de signalisation sont sonores et sont agencés de manière à produire un son intermittent dont la fréquence est corrélée à la représentation de l'efficacité du geste.
- the processing circuit and the signaling means are housed in a watch worn by the athlete,
- the signaling means are sound and are arranged to produce an intermittent sound whose frequency is correlated to the representation of the effectiveness of the gesture.
D'autres caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description qui suit, faite en référence au dessin annexé dans lequel :
- les figures 1a et 1 b sont des représentations schématiques du dispositif selon l'invention ; et
- la figure 2 illustre la méthode de traitement de données utilisée dans un tel dispositif.
- Figures 1a and 1b are schematic representations of the device according to the invention; and
- Figure 2 illustrates the data processing method used in such a device.
Pour décrire l'invention, on prendra l'exemple d'un coureur à pied, représenté sur la figure 1, dont on cherche à évaluer l'efficacité de la foulée.To describe the invention, we will take the example of a foot runner, shown in Figure 1, which seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of the stride.
Selon les théories de la course à pied, l'efficacité de course est déterminée par les points suivants. Le coureur doit :
- se tenir pratiquement perpendiculaire au sol ;
- axer ses mouvements dans la direction du déplacement ;
- choisir un angle d'atterrissage approprié pour que l'énergie de l'appui soit recyclée au maximum ;
- avoir une fréquence de foulée élevée ;
- coordonner les mouvements de ses bras et de ses jambes ;
- conserver ses hanches en ligne avec ses épaules et sa tête ; et
- avoir un pivotement rapide de la cheville après la pose du pied de manière à avoir une meilleure poussée.
- stand almost perpendicular to the ground;
- to orientate his movements in the direction of movement;
- choose an appropriate landing angle so that the energy of the support is recycled as much as possible;
- have a high stride frequency;
- coordinate the movements of his arms and legs;
- keep his hips in line with his shoulders and head; and
- have a quick pivoting of the ankle after the laying of the foot so as to have a better thrust.
Tous ces paramètres, ou attributs, peuvent être évalués ou quantifiés, mais ils sont complexes à réunir dans une seule équation. Dans ce qui suit, par souci de simplification, la foulée est modélisée par le biais du centre de gravité du coureur, qui a un mouvement sinusoïdal. L'efficacité de la foulée se traduit par une vitesse constante et une accélération minimisée du centre de gravité, selon une direction verticale.All of these parameters, or attributes, can be evaluated or quantified, but they are complex to unite in one equation. In what follows, for the sake of simplification, the stride is modeled through the center of gravity of the runner, which has a sinusoidal movement. Stride efficiency translates into consistent speed and minimized center of gravity acceleration in a vertical direction.
Comme l'illustre la figure 1, le sportif est équipé d'un dispositif selon l'invention, comprenant un appareil de mesure de la fréquence cardiaque ou cardiofréquencemètre 10 de type connu comme, par exemple, celui commercialisé par la firme Polar®. La mesure se fait par l'intermédiaire d'une sonde incorporée dans une ceinture pectorale 12 disposée sur le thorax du sportif. Elle émet un signal reçu par une montre bracelet 13 équipée pour le traiter et afficher la fréquence cardiaque instantanée, y compris sous forme d'un pourcentage de la fréquence cardiaque maximale du sportif.As illustrated in Figure 1, the athlete is equipped with a device according to the invention, comprising a heart rate measuring device or
Le dispositif selon l'invention comprend, en outre, un accéléromètre 14 solidaire de la poitrine du coureur. Il est, par exemple, fixé à la ceinture 12 du cardiofréquencemètre. Avantageusement, le capteur utilisé est du type ADXL 202E commercialisé par la firme Analog Devices et fournit un signal représentatif de l'accélération que le centre de gravité du coureur subit dans les trois directions de l'espace.The device according to the invention further comprises an
Un circuit de traitement 15 reçoit le signal de l'accéléromètre 14 acheminé par des moyens de transmission, constitués d'un émetteur 16a et d'un récepteur 17, respectivement associés à l'accéléromètre 14 et au circuit de traitement 15. Pour éviter toute perturbation induite par un bruit de fond ou par un artéfact, le signal est corrigé par un filtre 18 de type passe-bande avant d'arriver au circuit de traitement 15. Ce dernier reçoit aussi d'un émetteur 16b des informations venant du cardiofréquencemètre 10 relatives à la fréquence cardiaque instantanée et au pourcentage de fréquence cardiaque maximale.A
Le circuit 15 traite ces informations de manière à évaluer l'efficacité du geste du sportif, de la manière qui sera décrite ci-après.The
Avantageusement, le circuit de traitement 15 est logé dans la montre 13 et les moyens de transmission 16 et 17 sont sans fil. Bien entendu, dans ce cas, les fréquences d'émission des signaux de la sonde du cardiofréquencemètre 10 et de l'accéléromètre 14 sont protégées l'une de l'autre pour éviter toute perturbation.Advantageously, the
Enfin, le dispositif comprend encore, placé à la sortie du circuit de traitement 15, des moyens de signalisation 19 pour renseigner le sportif sur l'efficacité de son geste. La signalisation peut être sonore et les moyens 19 sont alors constitués d'un haut-parleur également logé dans la montre 13.Finally, the device further comprises, placed at the output of the
Comme le montre la figure 2, le circuit de traitement 15 est doté, de manière classique, d'un microprocesseur 20 et d'une mémoire 21. Le microprocesseur 20 est programmé pour traiter les informations de fréquence cardiaque fournies par le cardiofréquencemètre 10 et le signal d'accélération fourni par l'accéléromètre 14, en effectuant, à intervalles déterminés, les opérations suivantes :
- en 22, extraction d'au moins un attribut A du signal de l'accéléromètre 14,
- en 23, normalisation de l'attribut afin de s'affranchir de l'influence de la variabilité inter-sujets,
- en 24, comparaison de l'attribut normalisé A avec une valeur de référence A̅ stockée dans la mémoire 21 et correspondant à la mesure de fréquence cardiaque délivrée par le cardiofréquencemètre 10, et
- en 25, fourniture aux moyens de signalisation 19 d'une représentation de l'efficacité du geste.
- at 22, extraction of at least one attribute A from the signal of the
accelerometer 14, - in 23, normalization of the attribute in order to overcome the influence of inter-subject variability,
- at 24, comparison of the standardized attribute A with a reference value A̅ stored in the
memory 21 and corresponding to the heart rate measurement delivered by theheart rate monitor 10, and - in 25, providing the signaling means 19 with a representation of the effectiveness of the gesture.
De manière plus précise, l'attribut A extrait en 22 est l'écart-type du signal d'accélération du torse délivré par l'accéléromètre 14. Toutes les 5 secondes, cet écart-type est estimé sur la base des mesures effectuées pendant les 10 dernières secondes.More precisely, the attribute A extracted at 22 is the standard deviation of the acceleration signal of the torso delivered by the
La normalisation 23 de l'attribut A est nécessaire en vue de la comparaison ultérieure. La fréquence de la foulée ayant un impact direct sur l'accélération subie par le torse du coureur, cette normalisation est effectuée par rapport à cette fréquence, directement extraite du signal fourni par l'accéléromètre 14, avantageusement par la méthode des passages par zéro du signal. En effet, selon la modélisation sinusoïdale du déplacement du centre de gravité du coureur, il y a deux passages par zéro du signal dans chacune des périodes.The
La valeur de référence utilisée pour l'opération de comparaison 24, contenue dans la mémoire 21, est la moyenne A̅ de l'attribut, obtenue pour une population de référence. Or, il est évident que l'efficacité de la foulée n'est pas la même au cours d'un simple footing ou d'une compétition. Il faut donc comparer les attributs du sujet et des coureurs de référence à une intensité d'effort semblable.The reference value used for the
En pratique, la moyenne A̅ de l'attribut est enregistrée dans la mémoire, en usine, pour différentes valeurs d'un paramètre d'effort Pi, qui est un pourcentage de la fréquence cardiaque maximale. Les attributs de la population de référence sont obtenus en faisant courir ses membres à des intensités-seuils stables, typiquement de 60%, 70%, 80%, 85% de leur fréquence cardiaque maximale. Ces pourcentages, donnés à titre d'exemple, correspondent à un public de coureurs d'endurance. Pour chacun des seuils, la moyenne des valeurs obtenues, A̅P1= A̅60%,A̅P2= A̅70A̅P3= A̅80% et A̅P4= A̅85%, est enregistrée dans la mémoire 21.In practice, the average A̅ of the attribute is stored in the memory, at the factory, for different values of a force parameter P i , which is a percentage of the maximum heart rate. The attributes of the reference population are obtained by running its limbs at stable threshold intensities, typically 60%, 70%, 80%, 85% of their maximum heart rate. These percentages, given as an example, correspond to an audience of endurance runners. For each of the thresholds, the average of the values obtained, A̅ P 1 = A̅ 60%, A̅ P 2 = A̅ 70 A̅ P 3 = A̅ 80% and A̅ P 4 = A̅ 85%, is stored in the
Lors de l'opération de comparaison 24, le microprocesseur 20 recherche dans la mémoire 21 la valeur de référence A̅ correspondant au pourcentage de la fréquence cardiaque maximale indiqué par le cardiofréquencemètre 10. Cette valeur est, soit directement extraite de la mémoire si le pourcentage correspond à une intensité-seuil, soit calculée par interpolation si le pourcentage est compris entre deux valeurs du paramètre Pi.During the
La comparaison entre l'attribut mesuré A et sa valeur moyenne de référence A̅ est avantageusement effectuée, typiquement toutes les cinq secondes, au moyen de la formule de Mahalanobis. Celle-ci permet, dans le cas où plusieurs attributs sont pris en compte dans la comparaison, de pondérer le calcul par l'influence de chaque attribut en fonction de sa fiabilité. Pour ce faire, elle fait intervenir une normalisation par la matrice de covariance des attributs moyens de la population de référence.The comparison between the measured attribute A and its average reference value A̅ is advantageously performed, typically every five seconds, by means of the Mahalanobis formula. This allows, in the case where several attributes are taken into account in the comparison, to weight the calculation by the influence of each attribute according to its reliability. To do this, it involves a standardization by the covariance matrix of the average attributes of the reference population.
La formule s'écrit :
- dans laquelle: d (ƒc) est l'écart entre le coureur et la population de référence pour un pourcentage donné ƒc de la fréquence cardiaque maximale,
-
-
- Cƒc est la matrice de covariance des valeurs moyennes des attributs de la population de référence,
- T indique que la matrice correspondante est transposée.
- in which: d ( ƒc ) is the distance between the runner and the reference population for a given percentage ƒc of the maximum heart rate,
-
-
- C ƒc is the covariance matrix of the mean values of the attributes of the reference population,
- T indicates that the corresponding matrix is transposed.
Dans le mode de réalisation décrit, un seul attribut, l'écart-type du signal fourni par l'accéléromètre, est pris en compte, mais la formule permet d'utiliser plusieurs attributs.In the embodiment described, a single attribute, the standard deviation of the signal provided by the accelerometer, is taken into account, but the formula makes it possible to use several attributes.
L'écart d , issu de la comparaison 24, constitue un indice de l'efficacité de la foulée. Il est transcrit, en 25, au coureur par les moyens de signalisation 19. Une échelle de corrélation est stockée à cet effet dans la mémoire 21 pour rendre significatif l'indice calculé en lui associant une fréquence d'un signal sonore intermittent. Ainsi, par exemple, plus l'écart calculé au moyen de la formule de Mahalanobis est grand, plus la fréquence du signal est élevée. L'indice peut aussi être affiché numériquement sur l'écran de la montre 13.The difference d from the
Bien entendu, les coureurs constituant la population de référence ont été choisis en fonction de leurs performances et de la qualité de leur foulée, jugée par des experts de la discipline selon les critères traditionnels. Un coureur ayant un style peu académique ne sera pas pris en compte dans cet échantillonnage, de manière à ne pas fausser les valeurs de référence.Of course, the riders constituting the reference population were chosen according to their performances and the quality of their stride, judged by experts of the discipline according to the traditional criteria. A rider with a less academic style will not be included in this sampling, so as not to distort the reference values.
L'exemple qui vient d'être donné n'est aucunement limitatif et d'autres modes de réalisation peuvent être proposés, sans sortir du cadre de l'invention. Par exemple, pour examiner les divers points propres à la course à pied évoqués ci-dessus, on peut utiliser plusieurs accéléromètres fournissant plusieurs attributs intégrés dans la formule de Mahalanobis. Par ailleurs, des capteurs autres que des accéléromètres peuvent être envisagés pour donner des signaux à partir desquels les attributs représentatifs de l'efficacité sont mesurés.The example which has just been given is in no way limiting and other embodiments may be proposed, without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, to examine the various running points discussed above, one can use several accelerometers providing several attributes integrated into the Mahalanobis formula. In addition, sensors other than accelerometers can be envisaged to give signals from which the attributes representative of the efficiency are measured.
Le dispositif peut aussi être adapté à d'autres sports que la course à pied en modifiant la position de l'accéléromètre. Notamment, en cyclisme, il est intéressant d'analyser le pédalage en disposant un capteur sur le pied ou sur la cheville du cycliste. Les gymnastes peuvent aussi avoir recours à un appareil selon l'invention pour étudier leur rotation au cours d'acrobaties. Dans ce cas, l'utilisation d'un cardiofréquencemètre et la prise en compte de l'intensité de l'effort pour effectuer la comparaison ne sont pas obligatoires.The device can also be adapted to other sports than running by changing the position of the accelerometer. In particular, in cycling, it is interesting to analyze the pedaling by having a sensor on the foot or on the ankle of the cyclist. Gymnasts may also use an apparatus according to the invention to study their rotation during acrobatics. In this case, the use of a heart rate monitor and taking into account the intensity of the effort to perform the comparison are not mandatory.
Le cardiofréquencemètre mis en oeuvre dans le dispositif peut également fonctionner sur la base de tout autre système de mesure, comme, par exemple, une mesure optique décrite dans le document EP 1 297 784 A1.The heart rate monitor implemented in the device can also operate on the basis of any other measurement system, such as, for example, an optical measurement described in EP 1 297 784 A1.
Claims (8)
- Method of measuring the effectiveness of the movement of a sportsperson, comprising the following steps:- extraction (22) of at least one attribute (A) from the signal supplied by an accelerometer (14) placed on the sportsperson so as to capture the acceleration associated with this movement,- comparison (24) of this attribute with the average value (A̅) of the same attribute, obtained for a reference population, corresponding to the percentage of the maximum heart rate supplied by a heart-rate meter (10) worn by the sportsperson, and stored in a memory (21), and- production (25) of a representation of the effectiveness of the movement.
- Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the attribute (A) is the standard deviation of the signal supplied by the accelerometer (14).
- Method according to Claim 2, intended to measure the effectiveness of the stride of a runner, characterized in that the attribute is standardized by the stride rate (23).
- Device for measuring the effectiveness of a sporting movement by the method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises:- an accelerometer (14) placed on a sportsperson so as to provide a signal representative of said movement,- an instrument for measuring the heart rate (10) intended to supply the processing circuit (15) with information concerning the heart rate of the sportsperson,- a processing circuit (15) equipped with a microprocessor (20) and a memory (21), receiving said signal, said microprocessor (20) being programmed to perform, at predetermined intervals, the following operations,· extraction (22) of at least one attribute (A) from the signal from the accelerometer,· comparison (24) of said attribute (A) with the average value (A̅) of the same attribute, obtained for a reference population, corresponding to the percentage of the maximum heart rate supplied by a heart-rate meter (10) worn by the sportsperson and stored in said memory (21), and. production (25) of a representation of the effectiveness of the movement, and- signalling means (19) for transmitting to the sportsperson said representation.
- Device according to Claim 4, characterized in that said processing circuit is programmed to perform said comparison according to the equation:
in which:- d (fc) is the deviation between the runner and the reference population for a given percentage fc of the maximum heart rate,--- Cfc is the covariance matrix of the average values of the attributes of the reference population, and - Device according to one of Claims 4 and 5, characterized in that said processing circuit (15) is housed in a watch (13) worn by the sportsperson.
- Device according to one of Claims 4 to 6, characterized in that said signalling means (19) are housed in said watch (13).
- Device according to one of Claims 4 to 7, characterized in that said signalling means (19) are audible and in that they are arranged so as to produce an intermittent sound at a rate that is correlated with said representation.
Priority Applications (2)
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DE200460004243 DE602004004243D1 (en) | 2004-04-15 | 2004-04-15 | Method and device for measuring the effectiveness of a sports movement |
EP20040405233 EP1586353B1 (en) | 2004-04-15 | 2004-04-15 | Method and device for measuring efficacy of a sportive activity |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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EP20040405233 EP1586353B1 (en) | 2004-04-15 | 2004-04-15 | Method and device for measuring efficacy of a sportive activity |
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EP1586353A1 EP1586353A1 (en) | 2005-10-19 |
EP1586353B1 true EP1586353B1 (en) | 2007-01-10 |
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EP20040405233 Expired - Lifetime EP1586353B1 (en) | 2004-04-15 | 2004-04-15 | Method and device for measuring efficacy of a sportive activity |
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DE (1) | DE602004004243D1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP1754521B1 (en) | 2005-08-16 | 2009-06-10 | CSEM Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA Recherche et Développement | Method and apparatus for determination of the efficiency of a running style |
US7237446B2 (en) * | 2005-09-16 | 2007-07-03 | Raymond Chan | System and method for measuring gait kinematics information |
EP2229880A1 (en) | 2009-03-18 | 2010-09-22 | CSEM Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA | Headband integrated monitoring unit using an accelerometer |
US9167991B2 (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2015-10-27 | Fitbit, Inc. | Portable monitoring devices and methods of operating same |
US10216893B2 (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2019-02-26 | Fitbit, Inc. | Multimode sensor devices |
US8948832B2 (en) | 2012-06-22 | 2015-02-03 | Fitbit, Inc. | Wearable heart rate monitor |
US9005129B2 (en) | 2012-06-22 | 2015-04-14 | Fitbit, Inc. | Wearable heart rate monitor |
US9044149B2 (en) | 2012-06-22 | 2015-06-02 | Fitbit, Inc. | Heart rate data collection |
US9039614B2 (en) | 2013-01-15 | 2015-05-26 | Fitbit, Inc. | Methods, systems and devices for measuring fingertip heart rate |
US10512407B2 (en) | 2013-06-24 | 2019-12-24 | Fitbit, Inc. | Heart rate data collection |
US9392946B1 (en) | 2015-05-28 | 2016-07-19 | Fitbit, Inc. | Heart rate sensor with high-aspect-ratio photodetector element |
US11206989B2 (en) | 2015-12-10 | 2021-12-28 | Fitbit, Inc. | Light field management in an optical biological parameter sensor |
US10568525B1 (en) | 2015-12-14 | 2020-02-25 | Fitbit, Inc. | Multi-wavelength pulse oximetry |
US10433739B2 (en) | 2016-04-29 | 2019-10-08 | Fitbit, Inc. | Multi-channel photoplethysmography sensor |
US11051706B1 (en) | 2017-04-07 | 2021-07-06 | Fitbit, Inc. | Multiple source-detector pair photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor |
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US4409992A (en) * | 1980-10-16 | 1983-10-18 | Sidorenko Georgy I | Electronic ergometer |
DE4141109A1 (en) * | 1991-12-13 | 1993-06-17 | Daum Electronic Gmbh | Device for training and determining progress of person - takes pulse rate repeatedly after pedalling action on exercise cycle and compares rate with stored table of values to provide display |
US5458548A (en) * | 1993-06-25 | 1995-10-17 | Crossing; Ian F. | Fitness quantification exerciser |
US5899963A (en) * | 1995-12-12 | 1999-05-04 | Acceleron Technologies, Llc | System and method for measuring movement of objects |
EP0969901A1 (en) * | 1997-03-12 | 2000-01-12 | Neurocom International, Inc | System and method for monitoring training programs |
JP3949226B2 (en) * | 1997-06-11 | 2007-07-25 | カシオ計算機株式会社 | Impact force estimation device, impact force estimation method, and storage medium storing impact force estimation processing program |
US6013007A (en) * | 1998-03-26 | 2000-01-11 | Liquid Spark, Llc | Athlete's GPS-based performance monitor |
US6021351A (en) * | 1998-05-11 | 2000-02-01 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Method and apparatus for assessing patient well-being |
US6585622B1 (en) * | 1999-12-03 | 2003-07-01 | Nike, Inc. | Interactive use an athletic performance monitoring and reward method, system, and computer program product |
WO2001042809A2 (en) * | 1999-12-07 | 2001-06-14 | Esport Incorporated | Gps athletic performance monitor methods and apparatus thereof |
WO2001087426A2 (en) * | 2000-05-15 | 2001-11-22 | M-Dev (Proprietary) Limited | Method and apparatus for monitoring exercise |
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- 2004-04-15 DE DE200460004243 patent/DE602004004243D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-15 EP EP20040405233 patent/EP1586353B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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DE602004004243D1 (en) | 2007-02-22 |
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