EP1584420B1 - Drilling and/or chipping hammer with electro-pneumatic percussion mechanism and device for variable setting of the impact energy - Google Patents
Drilling and/or chipping hammer with electro-pneumatic percussion mechanism and device for variable setting of the impact energy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1584420B1 EP1584420B1 EP20040101429 EP04101429A EP1584420B1 EP 1584420 B1 EP1584420 B1 EP 1584420B1 EP 20040101429 EP20040101429 EP 20040101429 EP 04101429 A EP04101429 A EP 04101429A EP 1584420 B1 EP1584420 B1 EP 1584420B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- piston
- exciter piston
- exciter
- hammer
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- TVEXGJYMHHTVKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-7-one Chemical compound C1C2C(=O)OC1C=CC2 TVEXGJYMHHTVKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
- B25D11/00—Portable percussive tools with electromotor or other motor drive
- B25D11/005—Arrangements for adjusting the stroke of the impulse member or for stopping the impact action when the tool is lifted from the working surface
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
- B25D11/00—Portable percussive tools with electromotor or other motor drive
- B25D11/06—Means for driving the impulse member
- B25D11/12—Means for driving the impulse member comprising a crank mechanism
- B25D11/125—Means for driving the impulse member comprising a crank mechanism with a fluid cushion between the crank drive and the striking body
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
- B25D17/00—Details of, or accessories for, portable power-driven percussive tools
- B25D17/06—Hammer pistons; Anvils ; Guide-sleeves for pistons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
- B25D2217/00—Details of, or accessories for, portable power-driven percussive tools
- B25D2217/0011—Details of anvils, guide-sleeves or pistons
- B25D2217/0023—Pistons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
- B25D2250/00—General details of portable percussive tools; Components used in portable percussive tools
- B25D2250/035—Bleeding holes, e.g. in piston guide-sleeves
Definitions
- the invention relates to a drill and / or chisel hammer with a device for variable adjustment of the impact energy of an electro-pneumatic percussion in this so equipped drill and / or chisel, whose motor typically powered by a switched on and off connecting rod driven exciter piston via a fluid generated by this -Druckpolster, usually a compressed air cushion, also referred to as air spring, on a removal tool, in particular a fixed in a tool holder chisel acts.
- a corresponding to the preamble of claim 1 drill and / or chisel hammer is off GB942668 A known.
- Three methods are known to set the impact energy of electro-pneumatic striking mechanisms for hand tool machines of the type mentioned.
- the first possibility (a) is to adjust the impact energy over the speed.
- the engine speed is increased in order to have maximum power from the device at the mining tool available in this mode.
- the power of the engine in hammer drill mode divided into about two equal shares.
- Half of the torque of the motor is used for the rotary drive and percussion.
- pure chisel mode if no rotary drive is required, in principle the complete power can be supplied to the impact mechanism. This is achieved by a speed increase.
- the pressure peaks and thus the kinetic energy of a flying piston increase, if the percussion mechanism is equipped, for example, with a piston or beater acting on the tool holder via an anvil striking the fluid pressure cushion (the air spring) by a drive or exciter piston is driven.
- the pressure peaks and the kinetic energy of the flying piston and thus also the single impact energy increase.
- the reverse possibility ie the speed and thus the impact power are selectively reduced to allow a fine blow.
- the second method known in many variants (b) is to provide the fluid pressure pad of the electropneumatic impact mechanism, also referred to herein as a bump pad or pressure pad, with a defined leakage or a defined air exchange with a closed, larger outer volume. This is usually done by the way of the flying piston and / or exciter piston dependent opening of defined snorting openings. As a result, a reduction of the impact energy can be achieved, among other things, at a constant operating frequency.
- An example of such an impact energy setting is in FIG US 6,112,832 described.
- a third method (c) is to adjust the stroke of the connecting rod actuating the connecting rod by a kind of cycloidal or planetary gear. With a reduced stroke of the connecting rod, the flying piston is accelerated less strongly. This leads to a lower impact energy.
- the rod-like switching element Presses the device user who wants to start a work or continue axially against the percussion tool, the rod-like switching element is pressed against the force of a spring backwards over a disc, the rear rolling elements over a step radially inwardly snaps and closes the idle opening again ,
- the invention is thus based on the object of improving the electropneumatic impact mechanism of a drilling and / or chisel hammer equipped with it in such a way that in a simple manner a variable adjustment of the impact energy, in particular of the single impact energy, in principle independent of the relative position of individual movable elements of the impact mechanism becomes.
- the invention is, however, by no means exclusively the following advantages:
- the air spring By the exciter piston passing through the controllable valve, the air spring, so the shock pad and possibly also the pressure pad at any moment of a working cycle 'accessible.
- the impact energy in particular the single impact energy -. B. on the exciter piston - changed or adjusted in each phase of the impact mechanism by a simple valve that opens or closes at a very specific phase of the exciter piston or is partially opened and partially closed. Additionally or independently, the impact energy can be continuously lowered by a defined leakage.
- a particular advantage also results from the fact that the actuator or the actuators for the valve actuation, so far realized z. B. as a rotary magnet, stepper motor or torque motor, can now be placed on the electronics board of the device / can.
- a non-conductive transmission piece to the valve ensures safety class II can be achieved without costly galvanic isolation.
- the valve is a rotary valve inserted into a ventilation duct passing through the piston, the valve spindle of which is rotated by an actuating member led out on the end face of the excitation piston facing away from the pressure pad.
- This actuator may be designed as a rod-like in the axial direction of movement of the exciter piston longitudinally extending actuator having a slot guide for a sliding engaging in this driver pin as axial compensation for the displacement of the exciter piston, the driver pin on a housing fixed to the axial movement of the exciter piston rotatable actuator for the Valve actuation is designed to allow a valve adjustment, for example by a held on a circuit board actuator.
- a controllable from outside the exciter piston valve with rapid response provides, as a valve-closure member an electromagnetically controllable shutter, so perform a kind of pinhole for a the exciter piston in the axial direction passing valve channel.
- a shutter can be controlled as a pivotally mounted closure element according to the reluctance principle, in particular when the closure element is a hinged to the exciter piston Shutterver gleichhebel of ferromagnetic material which is rotatable about a device excited by an electrical coil, relative to the exciter piston fixed to the stator.
- the lever may have two mutually offset at an angle to a common pivot point pivotable lever arms, wherein the spread angle ⁇ between the lever arms, for example, 45 ° to 180 °, preferably about 60 ° to 100 °, in particular 90 ° or 180 °.
- a modified example of the shutter provides that the one pole piece at its pivot point facing away from the free end of the ShutterverBankhebels is formed in the region of the outer surface of the excitation piston and the other pole piece on a fixedly connected to the exciter piston magnetic bridge part, via another, the pivot point facing pole piece ensures a bundled and closed magnetic flux via the shutter lever.
- the shutter lever itself can in the embodiments described so far as a shaped sheet metal part with in the longitudinal extent of the lateral surface of the Exciter piston lying approach or approaches for the or the pole piece (s) may be formed.
- a closed guided Magnet Weg at least over a portion, but advantageously over the entire possible axial displacement or stroke of the exciter piston, it is advantageous if both the pole shoes on stationary stator as well as the approach or the approaches to the shutter at least a portion of the possible Hubs of the exciter piston corresponding axial length.
- the closure element can be biased by a torsion spring in one of two end positions, ie in an end position "valve open” or in the other end position "valve closed".
- a non-inventive electro-pneumatic drill and / or chisel hammer 1 at the tool-side end of a tool holder 6 (shown without inserted tool) is present.
- a user-operated selector switch 2 can be over which the hammer drill operation on the one hand and the chisel operation on the other hand and optionally select a number of other settings.
- the selection of the selector switch 2 is communicated to the microcontroller (microprocessor) equipped electronic control and regulation 9, which is switched on operation of a manual push button 12 in a handle portion 14 by an ON / OFF switch 13 in operational readiness or from a power supply (not shown) is separated.
- An electropneumatic impact value 15 which is basically known in its construction, is installed in the front part of the device housing. Belongs to this principle known percussion a guided in a guide tube 16 in its rear area exciter or drive piston 3, which is driven via a connecting rod 31 at choice of the hammer or chisel operation forward towards the tool holder 6 and backward.
- a merely schematically represented flying piston 4 is driven during the advance of the excitation piston 3 by a compressed air-shock pad 20 of this and in turn acts via a pressure pad 21 on an anvil 5, via the tool holder 6, the tool, such as a chisel (not shown), strikingly drives.
- a controllable valve 29 passing through it in the axial direction is provided in the excitation piston 3, which in FIG Fig. 1 as by an electric rotary actuator 60, for example a stepper motor, adjustable rotary valve is formed.
- an electric rotary actuator 60 for example a stepper motor, adjustable rotary valve is formed. The latter will be described below with reference to the Fig. 2A to 2C described in more detail.
- a first embodiment of a non-inventive exciter piston valve Shown is in Fig. 2A a sectional view representation, in Fig. 2B a partial section side view and in Fig.
- FIG. 2C a partial sectional frontal view of the exciter piston 3 with a ring seal 30 to the guide tube 16 which is driven in a known manner via the crank or connecting rod 31 when selecting the hammer or chisel operation on the selector switch 2 and forth or in the forward and reverse directions , It passes through the excitation piston 3 a pressure relief or ventilation channel 32, which can be opened and closed by the rotary valve 29, hereinafter rotary valve with a plug or a valve stem 34 to change the pressure in the pressure pad 20.
- valve spindle 34 is provided with a guided in the axial direction of the excitation piston 3 rod-like actuator for rotating the valve stem 34 in the direction of the double arrow A, which consists essentially of a fork element 35 with a slot guide 36, in which a to an actuator, or ., a torsion bar 38 formed driving pin 37 engages, so that the longitudinal or axial movement of the exciter piston 3 is decoupled relative to the actuating element 38.
- the rod-like fork member 35 for example, designed as a split sleeve, the valve is selectively opened or closed.
- the rotary actuator 60 may - as out Fig.
- the Fig. 3 shows a simpler non-inventive example of the controllable valve. Instead of an inlet and outlet bore 40 and 41 (see. Fig. 2C ) only a transverse outlet bore 42 is provided.
- the valve is designed as a slide edge valve 43, in which a pressure pad 20 facing end surface 46 of a secured by a Segerring 47 against axial displacement valve stem 45 has a chamfer or inclined surface 44, so that when turning over the actuators 35, 37, 38, the outlet bore 42 more or less opened or closed.
- the rotary valve for example in the variant Fig. 2 or 3 , has the advantage that no additional dead volume is added to the air spring or the pressure pad 20, which would be the case, for example, if the valve would consist of a simple plunger with a bore, which is rotated to open and close within the excitation piston and axially relative is fixed to the housing.
- an axial compensation for example, a slot should be provided which has at least the length of the possible exciter piston, to ensure a valve function regardless of the excitation piston position.
- a slot requires a relatively large dead volume.
- a dead volume is especially important in the high compression phases, ie at high pressures in the pressure pad 20, in which the flying mass 4 and the excitation piston 3 almost touch, is of crucial importance. If the dead volume is too great, the air spring is too soft and it can come in these phases to a collision of flying and excitation pistons. The highest pressure peaks are reached when the fly piston 4 changes its direction of movement in the rear position on the exciter piston side. In this phase, the excitation piston 3 still moves forward to the tool holder 6.
- the advantage of the low dead volume in the valves to be used causes a substantial mechanical decoupling of the pendulum motion of the connecting rod drive.
- Magnetically or electromagnetically activated valves for which the Fig. 4 to 8 Exemplary embodiments have the advantage that they can be switched without contact through the guide tube 16.
- no mechanical decoupling of the longitudinal movement of the connecting rod drive 31 is required in order to control the valve, as is the case, for example, with the rotary valve solution described above.
- a first non-inventive embodiment shows the Fig. 4 , where at Fig. 4A a closure element closing or releasing the outlet channel 32 is provided in the form of a rocker actuated electromagnetically from the outside, which is referred to below as a shutter 50.
- the Fig. 4A shows the closed position and Fig. 4B the (partially) open position of the shutter 50 for the outlet channel 32.
- the shutter 50 is pivotable about a pivot point 51 on the excitation piston 3.
- the shutter 50 may in particular consist of a stamped sheet metal piece of ferromagnetic material, which is biased by a torsion spring 55 against a stop (not shown).
- the outlet channel 32 may be designed as a simple bore in the axial direction of the exciter piston 3.
- pole pieces 52 and 53 are formed, which - separated by an air gap 54 and 55 - associated pole pieces 48 and 49 of a via an electrical coil 46 excitable stator 47 in the in Fig. 4A facing closure position, in which the coil 46 is traversed by a field current. If the current in the excitation coil 46 is turned off, the shutter 50 is under the action of the torsion spring 55 in the open position ( Fig. 4B ) pivots.
- the connecting rod 31 causes a significant axial stroke of the exciter piston 3.
- the angular sheet metal piece of the shutter 50 is not easy to form two-dimensionally and fit into a corresponding recess in the excitation piston 3. Rather, it is expedient and of particular advantage, the pole pieces 52 and 53 extend through angled in the axial direction over the lateral surface of the excitation piston 3 extending angled lugs 52A and 53A (see Fig. 8 ).
- the angle plate of the shutter 50 which is pivotally mounted centrally on the exciter piston 3, for example by means of a pin 51A and held by the torsion spring 55 in one or the other position (either open or closed), thus extending along the lateral surface of the exciter piston 3, serving as flux guide tabs 52A and 53A, respectively, which ensure that a closed magnetic circuit with a small air gap to the pole pieces 48 and 49 is constantly formed. If this magnetic flux guide is to be reliably ensured for the entire stroke position of the exciter piston 3, then it is expedient to provide an overlap between the pole shoe lugs 52A, 53A and the pole shoes 48, 49 of the stator exciter magnet.
- the shutter 50 is designed essentially as a one-armed lever articulated on one side at the articulation point 51, one free and longer end of which forms a pole piece 53, while the second pole piece 52 is provided on an arcuate projection closer to the articulation point 51.
- the magnetic flux path to the pole shoe 48 associated with the pole piece 48 on the stator 47 is bridged by a fixed to the excitation piston 3 ferromagnetic sheet metal part 62.
- the mass to be moved of the shutter 50 is significantly reduced in this solution.
- the Fig. 5A again shows the closed valve position when energized coil 46 and Fig. 5B by the torsion spring 55 (in Figs. 5A and 5B not shown) caused open valve position.
- the shutter 50 is designed as a two-armed extended lever whose end-side pole shoes 52, 53 corresponding pole shoes 48 and 49 on separate, in opposite phase by coils 46 and 46 'excited stator 47 and 47' face.
- FIG. 7 corresponds to the Fig. 6 , However, in this case, the stator-side magnetic flux via a yoke 65 is closed.
- the Fig. 6 shows the shutter position "valve closed” with energized coils 46 and 46 'and the Fig. 7 the position "valve open” with non-excited stator and return by the (not shown in these figures) torsion spring.
- FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate two embodiments of the invention for the structural design of the exciter piston 3 passing through the controllable valve.
- Both figures show an integrated in the body of the excitation piston 3 electromagnetic valve (solenoid valve) 90, whose excitation current in the case of Fig. 9 is supplied as a Kochier emergelement by a pair of sliding rails 91, 92, wherein the one grinding rail 91 in the outer casing of the exciter piston 3 and the other sliding rail 92 are integrated into the guide tube 16.
- the short to ground excited by the electronic controller 9 driver 60 is effected as indicated by dotted lines on the connecting rod 31st
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Bohr- und/oder Meisselhammer mit einer Vorrichtung zur variablen Einstellung der Schlagenergie eines elektropneumatischen Schlagwerks in diesem damit ausgerüsteten Bohr- und/oder Meisselhammer, dessen motorisch typischerweise über einen zu- und abschaltbaren Pleuelantrieb angetriebener Erregerkolben über ein von diesem erzeugtes Fluid-Druckpolster, in der Regel ein komprimiertes Luftpolster, auch als Luftfeder bezeichnet, auf ein Abbauwerkzeug, insbesondere einen in einem Werkzeughalter fixierten Meissel, wirkt. Ein dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1 entsprechender Bohr- und/oder Meisselhammer ist aus
Die erste Möglichkeit (a) besteht darin, die Schlagenergie über die Drehzahl einzustellen. So wird beispielsweise bei Kombi-Hämmern im Meisselmodus die Motordrehzahl erhöht, um in dieser Betriebsart eine maximale Leistung aus dem Gerät am Abbauwerkzeug zur Verfügung zu haben. Normalerweise wird die Leistung des Motors im Hammerbohr-Modus in etwa zwei gleich große Anteile aufgeteilt. Je zur Hälfte wird das Drehmoment des Motors für den Drehantrieb und für das Schlagwerk verwendet. Im reinen Meisselmodus, wenn kein Drehantrieb verlangt wird, kann prinzipiell die komplette Leistung dem Schlagwerk zugeführt werden. Dies erreicht man durch eine Drehzahlerhöhung. Damit nehmen die Druckspitzen und somit die kinetische Energie eines Flugkolbens zu, falls das Schlagwerk beispielsweise mit einem solchen über einen Döpper auf den Werkzeughalter wirkenden Flugkolben oder Schläger ausgerüstet ist, der über das Fluid-Druckpolster (die Luftfeder) von einem Antriebs- oder Erregerkolben schlagend angetrieben wird. Mit einer solchen Drehzahlerhöhung nehmen die Druckspitzen und die kinetische Energie des Flugkolbens und damit auch die Einzelschlagenergie zu. Bekannt ist auch die umgekehrte Möglichkeit, d. h. die Drehzahl und damit die Schlagleistung werden gezielt reduziert, um einen Feinschlag zu ermöglichen.The first possibility (a) is to adjust the impact energy over the speed. For example, in combi-hammers in chisel mode, the engine speed is increased in order to have maximum power from the device at the mining tool available in this mode. Usually will the power of the engine in hammer drill mode divided into about two equal shares. Half of the torque of the motor is used for the rotary drive and percussion. In pure chisel mode, if no rotary drive is required, in principle the complete power can be supplied to the impact mechanism. This is achieved by a speed increase. Thus, the pressure peaks and thus the kinetic energy of a flying piston increase, if the percussion mechanism is equipped, for example, with a piston or beater acting on the tool holder via an anvil striking the fluid pressure cushion (the air spring) by a drive or exciter piston is driven. With such a speed increase, the pressure peaks and the kinetic energy of the flying piston and thus also the single impact energy increase. Also known is the reverse possibility, ie the speed and thus the impact power are selectively reduced to allow a fine blow.
Die zweite in vielen Varianten bekannte Methode (b) besteht darin, das Fluid-Druckpolster des elektropneumatischen Schlagwerks, hier auch als Stoßpolster oder Druckpolster bezeichnet, mit einer definierten Leckage oder einem definierten Luftaustausch mit einem geschlossenen, größeren Außenvolumen zu versehen. Dies geschieht meist durch vom Weg des Flugkolbens und/oder Erregerkolbens abhängiges Öffnen von definiert angeordneten Schnauföffnungen. Dadurch lässt sich unter anderem bei konstanter Arbeitsfrequenz eine Absenkung der Schlagenergie erreichen. Ein Beispiel einer solchen Einstellung der Schlagenergie ist in
Eine dritte Methode (c) besteht darin, den Hub des den Erregerkolben betätigenden Pleuels durch eine Art Zykloiden- oder Planetengetriebe zu verstellen. Bei verringertem Hub des Pleuels wird der Flugkolben weniger stark beschleunigt. Dies führt zu einer geringeren Schlagenergie.A third method (c) is to adjust the stroke of the connecting rod actuating the connecting rod by a kind of cycloidal or planetary gear. With a reduced stroke of the connecting rod, the flying piston is accelerated less strongly. This leads to a lower impact energy.
Im Vordergrund der Untersuchungen, die zur Erfindung führten, stand die zweite beschriebene Methode (b), d. h. die Schlagenergie über eine definierte Leckage oder einen Luftaustausch zur Umgebung einzustellen. Probleme bei dieser in vielen Ausführungsvarianten bekannten Methode, bei der Schieberhülsen zum Betriebsphasen-abhängigen Öffnen und Verschließen von Schnauföffnungen in einem Führungsrohr oder der Hülse eines Hohlkolbens als Erregerkolben und dergleichen vorgesehen sind, ergeben sich daraus, dass sich die Bewegungsbereiche von Flug- und Erregerkolben gegenseitig überlappen. Für diese Art von herkömmlichen Ventilen gibt es in der Regel keine Möglichkeit, in jedem Moment eines Schlagzyklus' auf die Luftfeder des Stoß-oder Druckpolsters zuzugreifen. Die Luftfeder bleibt sozusagen nicht am Ort. Die Schnauföffnungen werden immer entweder durch den Flugkolben oder den Erregerkolben abgedeckt.In the foreground of the investigations leading to the invention was the second described method (b), ie to adjust the impact energy via a defined leakage or an air exchange to the environment. Problems in this known in many embodiments method, in which pusher sleeves are provided for operating phase-dependent opening and closing of Schnauföffnungen in a guide tube or the sleeve of a hollow piston as excitation piston and the like, it follows that The ranges of movement of flying and exciter pistons overlap each other. For this type of conventional valves, there is usually no way to access the air spring of the shock or pressure pad every moment of a beating cycle. The air spring does not stay in place, so to speak. The snort openings are always covered by either the flying or the exciter pistons.
Ein weiteres Problem ergibt sich für Bohr- und/oder Meisselhämmer mit elektropneumatischem Schlagwerk daraus, dass herkömmlicherweise die Leerschlagabschaltung rein mechanisch unter Berücksichtigung einer relativ großen Wegverschiebung des Abbauwerkzeugs gelöst ist. Bei den bekannten Konstruktionen ist immer vorgesehen, dass das Werkzeug zur Leerlaufabschaltung relativ zum Gerät einen Weg von mindestens 1 cm, bei manchen Lösungen über 2,5 cm zurücklegen muss. Das heißt, sobald das Gerät vom abzubauenden Untergrund zurückgezogen wird, springt das Werkzeug und damit auch der Döpper nach vorn. Aufgrund dieser Wegverschiebung werden gewisse Luftöffnungen bzw. Schnauföffnungen zur Luftfeder des Schlagwerks geöffnet, wodurch verhindert wird, dass der Flugkolben erneut angesaugt wird. Beispiele für diese Art der Leerschlagabschaltung finden sich in
Abgesehen von der regelmäßig recht aufwändigen Lösung, besteht der Hauptnachteil dieser wegabhängigen Leerlaufabschaltung darin, dass bei einem Abbauvorgang beim Neu- oder Wiederansetzen des Geräts zunächst der Leerlaufweg entgegen der Kraft einer Feder überwunden werden muss. Dies führt bei nach unten gerichtetem Werkzeug nach einer gewissen Angewöhnungsphase zu keinen Problemen. Anders jedoch, wenn über Schulter- oder Kopfhöhe zu arbeiten ist. Der Gerätebenutzer muss nicht nur das Gerätegewicht mit seinen Armen nach oben abstützen, sondern zusätzlich auch noch den Leerlauf-Abschaltweg entgegen der Kraft einer mehr oder weniger starken Feder überwinden. Der körperliche Kraftaufwand ist erheblich.Apart from the regularly quite expensive solution, the main drawback of this path-dependent idle shutdown is that in a degradation process when new or re-starting the device first the idle travel must be overcome against the force of a spring. this leads to with downside tool after a certain acclimatization phase to no problems. Different, however, when working over shoulder or head height. The device user must not only support the weight of the device with his arms up, but also overcome the idle Abschaltweg against the force of a more or less strong spring. The physical effort is significant.
Der Erfindung liegt damit die Aufgabe zugrunde, das elektropneumatische Schlagwerk eines damit ausgerüsteten Bohr- und/oder Meisselhammers, so zu verbessern, dass auf einfache Weise eine variable Einstellung der Schlagenergie, insbesondere auch der Einzelschlagenergie prinzipiell unabhängig von der Relativstellung einzelner beweglicher Elemente des Schlagwerks ermöglicht wird. Darüber hinaus ist es ein Ziel der Erfindung, eine Leerschlagabschaltung ohne separaten Werkzeugweg zu ermöglichen, so dass insbesondere beim Ansetzen oder Wiederansetzen des Arbeitsgerätes ohne zusätzlichen Kraftaufwand sofort gearbeitet oder weiter gearbeitet werden kann.The invention is thus based on the object of improving the electropneumatic impact mechanism of a drilling and / or chisel hammer equipped with it in such a way that in a simple manner a variable adjustment of the impact energy, in particular of the single impact energy, in principle independent of the relative position of individual movable elements of the impact mechanism becomes. In addition, it is an object of the invention to enable a Leerschlagabschaltung without separate tool path, so that in particular when preparing or reconnecting the implement without additional effort immediately worked or can be further worked.
Diese Aufgabenstellung wird durch einen Bohr- und/oder Meisselhammer mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This task is solved by a drill and / or chisel hammer with the features of
Vorteilhafte Ausführungsvarianten, Verbesserungen und Ergänzungen dieses Erfindungsgedankens sind in abhängigen Patentansprüchen definiert und werden nachfolgend auch anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert.Advantageous embodiments, improvements and additions to this inventive concept are defined in the dependent claims and are explained below with reference to exemplary embodiments.
Gegenüber herkömmlichen Konstruktionen zur einstellbaren Veränderung der Schlagenergie eines elektropneumatischen Schlagwerks für den genannten Anwendungsbereich bzw. für die Leerschlagabschaltung, insbesondere unter Verwendung von Schieberhülsen, sind mit der Erfindung primär jedoch keinesfalls ausschließlich die folgenden Vorteile erreicht:Compared to conventional constructions for adjustable change of the impact energy of an electro-pneumatic percussion mechanism for the stated field of application or for the blanking shutdown, in particular using slide sleeves, the invention is, however, by no means exclusively the following advantages:
Durch das den Erregerkolben durchsetzende steuerbare Ventil ist die Luftfeder, also das Stoßpolster bzw. gegebenenfalls auch das Druckpolster in jedem Moment eines Arbeitszyklus' zugänglich. Durch diese ständige Zugriffsmöglichkeit auf die Luftfeder kann die Schlagenergie, insbesondere die Einzelschlagenergie - z. B. über den Erregerkolben - in jeder Betriebsphase des Schlagwerks durch ein einfaches Ventil verändert bzw. angepasst werden, das bei einer ganz bestimmten Phase des Erregerkolbenwegs öffnet oder schließt bzw. partiell geöffnet und partiell verschlossen wird. Zusätzlich oder unabhängig davon kann durch eine definierte Leckage die Schlagenergie kontinuierlich abgesenkt werden.By the exciter piston passing through the controllable valve, the air spring, so the shock pad and possibly also the pressure pad at any moment of a working cycle 'accessible. Through this constant accessibility to the air spring, the impact energy, in particular the single impact energy -. B. on the exciter piston - changed or adjusted in each phase of the impact mechanism by a simple valve that opens or closes at a very specific phase of the exciter piston or is partially opened and partially closed. Additionally or independently, the impact energy can be continuously lowered by a defined leakage.
Aufgrund der Verlegung eines Ventils in den Erregerkolben werden notwendige Dichtungselemente (O-Ringe) am Erregerkolben bzw. am Flugkolben nicht mehr durch Abschaltöffnungen im Führungsrohr abgewetzt, da solche Ablassöffnungen jetzt entbehrlich sind. Zur Leerlaufabschaltung wird lediglich das den Erregerkolben durchsetzende Ventil geöffnet.Due to the installation of a valve in the excitor piston necessary sealing elements (O-rings) on the exciter piston or on the flying pistons are no longer scoured by Abschaltöffnungen in the guide tube, since such vent holes are now unnecessary. For idle shutdown only the exciter piston passing through valve is opened.
Ein besonderer Vorteil ergibt sich auch daraus, dass der Aktor oder die Aktoren für die Ventilbetätigung, bisher verwirklicht z. B. als Drehmagnet, Schrittmotor oder Torquemotor, jetzt auf der Elektronikplatine des Geräts plaziert werden kann/können. Durch ein nicht-leitendes Übertragungsstück zum Ventil kann die Sicherheits-Schutzklasse II ohne aufwändige galvanische Trennung erreicht werden.A particular advantage also results from the fact that the actuator or the actuators for the valve actuation, so far realized z. B. as a rotary magnet, stepper motor or torque motor, can now be placed on the electronics board of the device / can. A non-conductive transmission piece to the valve ensures safety class II can be achieved without costly galvanic isolation.
Bei einem nicht-erfindungsgemäß Beispiel ist das Ventil ein in einen den Kolben durchsetzenden Belüftungskanal eingesetztes Drehschieberventil, dessen Ventilspindel mit einem auf der dem Druckpolster abgekehrten Stirnseite des Erregerkolbens herausgeführten Betätigungsorgan verdreht wird. Dieses Betätigungsorgan kann als stangenartiges in axialer Bewegungsrichtung des Erregerkolbens längs erstrecktes Betätigungselement ausgeführt sein, das eine Schlitzführung für einen in diese gleitend eingreifenden Mitnehmerzapfen als Axialausgleich für die Verschiebung des Erregerkolbens aufweist, wobei der Mitnehmerzapfen an einem relativ zur Axialbewegung des Erregerkolbens gehäusefesten verdrehbaren Stellglied für die Ventilbetätigung ausgebildet ist, um eine Ventilverstellung, beispielsweise durch einen auf einer Schaltungsplatine gehaltenen Stellmotor, zu ermöglichen.In a noninventive example, the valve is a rotary valve inserted into a ventilation duct passing through the piston, the valve spindle of which is rotated by an actuating member led out on the end face of the excitation piston facing away from the pressure pad. This actuator may be designed as a rod-like in the axial direction of movement of the exciter piston longitudinally extending actuator having a slot guide for a sliding engaging in this driver pin as axial compensation for the displacement of the exciter piston, the driver pin on a housing fixed to the axial movement of the exciter piston rotatable actuator for the Valve actuation is designed to allow a valve adjustment, for example by a held on a circuit board actuator.
Ein weiteres nicht-erfindungsgemäßes Beispiel für ein von außerhalb des Erregerkolbens steuerbares Ventil mit raschem Ansprechverhalten sieht vor, als Ventil-Verschlussorgan einen elektromagnetisch steuerbaren Shutter, also eine Art Lochblende, für eine den Erregerkolben in Axialrichtung durchsetzenden Ventilkanal auszuführen. Ein solcher Shutter lässt sich als verschwenkbar gelagertes Verschlusselement nach dem Reluktanzprinzip steuern, insbesondere dann, wenn das Verschlusselement ein am Erregerkolben angelenkter Shutterverschlusshebel aus ferromagnetischem Material ist, der über einen durch eine elektrische Spule erregten, relativ zum Erregerkolben gerätefesten Stator verdrehbar ist. Für diese Lösung ist es vorteilhaft, an dem Hebel mindestens ein magnetisches Polschuhpaar vorzusehen, dem - über einen Luftspalt getrennt - ein korrespondierendes Polschuhpaar am Stator zugeordnet ist. Insbesondere kann der Hebel zwei gegeneinander in einem Winkel versetzte, um einen gemeinsamen Anlenkpunkt verschwenkbare Hebelarme aufweisen, wobei der Spreizwinkel α zwischen den Hebelarmen beispielsweise 45° bis 180°, vorzugsweise etwa 60° bis 100°, insbesondere 90° oder 180° betragen kann.Another non-inventive example of a controllable from outside the exciter piston valve with rapid response provides, as a valve-closure member an electromagnetically controllable shutter, so perform a kind of pinhole for a the exciter piston in the axial direction passing valve channel. Such a shutter can be controlled as a pivotally mounted closure element according to the reluctance principle, in particular when the closure element is a hinged to the exciter piston Shutterverschlusshebel of ferromagnetic material which is rotatable about a device excited by an electrical coil, relative to the exciter piston fixed to the stator. For this solution, it is advantageous to provide on the lever at least one pair of magnetic pole shoes, which - separated by an air gap - is associated with a corresponding pair of pole pieces on the stator. In particular, the lever may have two mutually offset at an angle to a common pivot point pivotable lever arms, wherein the spread angle α between the lever arms, for example, 45 ° to 180 °, preferably about 60 ° to 100 °, in particular 90 ° or 180 °.
Ein abgewandeltes Beispiel für den Shutter sieht vor, dass der eine Polschuh am seinem Anlenkpunkt abgekehrten freien Ende des Shutterverschlusshebels im Bereich der Mantelfläche des Erregerkolbens und der andere Polschuh an einem mit dem Erregerkolben fest verbundenen magnetischen Brückenteil ausgebildet ist, das über einen weiteren, dem Anlenkpunkt zugekehrten Polschuh einen gebündelten und geschlossenen Magnetfluss über den Shutterhebel sicherstellt.A modified example of the shutter provides that the one pole piece at its pivot point facing away from the free end of the Shutterverschlusshebels is formed in the region of the outer surface of the excitation piston and the other pole piece on a fixedly connected to the exciter piston magnetic bridge part, via another, the pivot point facing pole piece ensures a bundled and closed magnetic flux via the shutter lever.
Der Shutterhebel selbst kann bei den soweit beschriebenen Ausführungsformen als geformtes Blechteil mit in Längserstreckung der Mantelfläche des Erregerkolbens liegendem Ansatz bzw. Ansätzen für den oder die Polschuh(e) ausgebildet sein. Um wenigstens über einen Teilbereich, vorteilhafterweise aber über den gesamten möglichen axialen Verschiebeweg oder Hub des Erregerkolbens, einen geschlossenen geführten Magnetflussweg sicherzustellen, ist es vorteilhaft wenn sowohl die Polschuhe am gerätefesten Stator als auch der Ansatz oder die Ansätze am Shutterhebel eine mindestens einem Teilbereich des möglichen Hubs des Erregerkolbens entsprechende axiale Länge aufweisen. Das Verschlusselement kann durch eine Drehfeder in eine von zwei Endstellungen vorgespannt sein, d. h. in eine Endstellung "Ventil offen" oder in die andere Endstellung "Ventil geschlossen".The shutter lever itself can in the embodiments described so far as a shaped sheet metal part with in the longitudinal extent of the lateral surface of the Exciter piston lying approach or approaches for the or the pole piece (s) may be formed. In order to ensure a closed guided Magnetflussweg at least over a portion, but advantageously over the entire possible axial displacement or stroke of the exciter piston, it is advantageous if both the pole shoes on stationary stator as well as the approach or the approaches to the shutter at least a portion of the possible Hubs of the exciter piston corresponding axial length. The closure element can be biased by a torsion spring in one of two end positions, ie in an end position "valve open" or in the other end position "valve closed".
Die Erfindung und vorteilhafte Einzelheiten werden nachfolgend unter Bezug auf die Zeichnungen in beispielsweisen Ausführungsformen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- die schematische Darstellung eines Bohr- und/oder Meisselhammers mit pneumatischem Schlagwerk, dessen Erregerkolben mit einem nicht-erfindungsgemäßen steuerbaren Ventil ausgestattet ist;
- Fig. 2
- mit Teilfiguren 2A, 2B und 2C die schematische Schnitt-Ansichtdarstellung bzw. die Seitenschnitt- und Draufsicht-Schnittdarstellung eines durch einen Pleuel angetriebenen Erregerkolbens mit einem diesen durchsetzenden nicht-erfindungsgemäßen Drehventil ;
- Fig. 3
- die schematische Schnittdarstellung des Erregerkolbens mit einem nicht-erfindungsgemäßen Schieberkanten-Ventil;
- Fig. 4
- mit Teilfiguren 4A bzw. 4B eine nicht-erfindungsgemäße Ventillösung durch den Erregerkolben mit einem elektromagnetisch nach dem Reluktanzprinzip verschieblichen Shutter als Ventilverschlusselement bei geschlossenem Ventil (
Fig. 4A ) einerseits bzw. geöffnetem Ventil (Fig. 4B ) andererseits; - Fig. 5
- mit Teilfiguren 5A bzw. 5B ein anderes Beispiel eines nicht-erfindungsgemäßen Magnetventils mit nach dem Prinzip des Reluktanzmotors verschwenkbarem Shutter;
- Fig. 6
- ein weiteres Beispiel eines nach dem Reluktanzprinzip verschwenkbaren nicht-erfindungsgemäßen Shutters für eine den Erregerkolben durchsetzende Ventilbohrung im geschlossenen Zustand;
- Fig. 7
- eine gegenüber der
Fig. 6 abgewandeltes Beispiel mit bügelartigem Magnetjoch; - Fig. 8
- eine isometrische Prinzipskizze für einen nicht-erfindungsgemäßen Shutter gemäß
Fig. 4 , bei der die an den freien Enden eines zweiarmigen Hebels ausgebildeten Polschuhe in Axialrichtung abgebogen und verlängert sind, um in unterschiedlichen axialen Positionen des Erregerkolbens stets einen geschlossenen und in ferromagnetischem Material geführten Magnetfluss sicherzustellen; - Fig. 9
- die schematische Darstellung eines den Erregerkolben des elektropneumatischen Schlagwerks durchsetzenden und in diesen integrierten Solenoid-Ventils mit Stromzuführung über ein Schleifschienenpaar als Übertrager; und
- Fig. 10
- eine der
Fig. 9 entsprechende Ventillösung, bei der ein transformatorischer Übertrager zur Erregung des in den Erregerkolben integrierten Ventils dient.
- Fig. 1
- the schematic representation of a drill and / or chisel hammer with pneumatic percussion, the exciter piston is equipped with a non-inventive controllable valve;
- Fig. 2
- with sub-figures 2A, 2B and 2C, the schematic sectional view representation and the side sectional and plan view sectional view of a driven by a connecting rod exciter piston with this passing through non-inventive rotary valve.
- Fig. 3
- the schematic sectional view of the exciter piston with a non-inventive slide edge valve;
- Fig. 4
- with sub-figures 4A and 4B, a non-inventive valve solution by the exciter piston with an electromagnetically displaceable according to the reluctance principle shutter as a valve closure element with a closed valve (
Fig. 4A ) on the one hand or opened valve (Fig. 4B ) on the other hand; - Fig. 5
- with sub-figures 5A and 5B, another example of a non-inventive solenoid valve with pivotable on the principle of the reluctance motor shutter;
- Fig. 6
- a further example of a non-inventive shutter pivotable according to the reluctance principle for a valve bore passing through the exciter piston in the closed state;
- Fig. 7
- one opposite the
Fig. 6 modified example with bow-shaped magnetic yoke; - Fig. 8
- an isometric schematic diagram of a non-inventive shutter according to
Fig. 4 in which the pole pieces formed at the free ends of a two-armed lever are bent and extended in the axial direction to always ensure a closed magnetic flux guided in ferromagnetic material in different axial positions of the excitation piston; - Fig. 9
- the schematic representation of the excitation piston of the electro-pneumatic percussion enforced and integrated in this solenoid valve with power supply via a pair of sliding rails as a transformer; and
- Fig. 10
- one of the
Fig. 9 corresponding valve solution, in which a transformer transformer used to excite the valve integrated in the exciter piston.
Zur Hinführung auf die Erfindung veranschaulicht die Prinzipdarstellung der
Zur Steuerung oder Regelung der Schlagenergie des elektropneumatischen Schlagwerks 15 zeigt die
Die
Das Drehventil, beispielsweise in der Variante nach
Magnetisch bzw. elektromagnetisch aktivierte Ventile, für welche die
Verschiedene nachfolgend durch Beispiele veranschaulichte Beispiele sind denkbar; sie alle funktionieren nach dem Reluktanzprinzip, d. h. nach der physikalischen Tatsache, dass beim Anlegen eines magnetischen Feldes von außen die Feldlinien dazu tendieren, den Weg des jeweils geringsten magnetischen Widerstands zu suchen.Various examples illustrated by examples below are conceivable; they all work according to the reluctance principle, i. H. according to the physical fact that when a magnetic field is applied from the outside, the field lines tend to seek the path of the least magnetic resistance.
Eine erste nicht-erfindungsgemäße Ausführungsvariante zeigt die
Aus der Darstellung der
Andere nicht-erfindungsgemäße Beispiele für das elektromagnetisch nach dem Reluktanzprinzip zu betätigende Shutterelement sind denkbar. Zwei davon sind in den Prinzipdarstellungen der
Bei dem Beispiel nach
Bei dem Beispiel nach
Das Beispiel nach
Bei allen magnetisch aktivierbaren Ventilen soll darauf geachtet werden, dass der Druck der Luftfeder 20 senkrecht auf die Bewegungsrichtung des Shutters 50 wirkt, so dass keine Arbeit durch die magnetische Erregung gegen den Druck der Luftfeder 20 aufgebracht werden muss. Dadurch muss im Wesentlichen nur die Reibung und die Trägheit des Shutters 50 überwunden werden. Die Schaltcharakteristik eines solchen Ventils ist weitgehend druckunabhängig.In all magnetically activated valves care should be taken that the pressure of the
Die
Bei der abgewandelten Ausführungsvariante nach
Claims (3)
- A hammer drill and/or chipping hammer (1) with electropneumatic hammer mechanism and a device for the variable setting of the impact energy of the hammer mechanism (15), its exciter piston (3) acting on a working tool via a fluid pressure cushion (20) generated by said exciter piston (3), with a controllable valve passing through the exciter piston (3) for altering the pressure in the fluid pressure cushion (20), characterized in that the valve is an electromagnetically operated valve (90) integrated into the exciter piston (3), the exciting current for the valve (90) being supplied via a two-part transmitter of which one part is integrated into the exciter piston (3) and is axially displaceable with this, whilst the other corresponding part is disposed on the outside in radial direction and is fixed to the tool housing.
- A hammer drill and/or chipping hammer according to Claim 1, characterized in that one part of the transmitter is a first sliding contact bar (91) integrated into the surface area of the exciter piston (3), and the other part is a second sliding contact bar (92) which is integrated into the inner surface area of a guide tube (16) and is in galvanic contact with the first sliding contact bar, the axial length of the second sliding contact bar (92) being such that galvanic contact is maintained in all stroke positions of the exciter piston (3).
- A hammer drill and/or chipping hammer according to Claim 1, characterized in that the transmitter is a transformational transmitter (94), of which the secondary coil is integrated into the casing of the exciter piston (3), and the primary coil (94) is fixed to the housing and is disposed radially outside the path of the exciter piston and has an axial length which ensures transmission of the exciting current to the valve in all stroke positions of the exciter piston.
Priority Applications (1)
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EP20040101429 EP1584420B1 (en) | 2004-04-07 | 2004-04-07 | Drilling and/or chipping hammer with electro-pneumatic percussion mechanism and device for variable setting of the impact energy |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP20040101429 EP1584420B1 (en) | 2004-04-07 | 2004-04-07 | Drilling and/or chipping hammer with electro-pneumatic percussion mechanism and device for variable setting of the impact energy |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1584420A1 EP1584420A1 (en) | 2005-10-12 |
EP1584420B1 true EP1584420B1 (en) | 2014-06-11 |
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EP20040101429 Expired - Lifetime EP1584420B1 (en) | 2004-04-07 | 2004-04-07 | Drilling and/or chipping hammer with electro-pneumatic percussion mechanism and device for variable setting of the impact energy |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP4382254A1 (en) * | 2022-12-07 | 2024-06-12 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Striking mechanism for a hand-held electric tool and hand-held electric tool |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102008005831A1 (en) | 2008-01-24 | 2009-07-30 | Schaeffler Kg | Impact mechanism for a machine tool, in particular for a hand tool such as an electric hammer drill or an impact wrench |
DE102009015729A1 (en) | 2009-03-31 | 2010-10-07 | Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg | Hammer mechanism for machine tool i.e. hand tool machine, has racquet impinged with mechanical spring, where mechanical spring is designed as torsion springs and spring length of torsion spring is adjusted |
DE102009015730A1 (en) | 2009-03-31 | 2010-10-07 | Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg | Hammer unit for e.g. drill hammer, has hammer loaded by clamping of mechanical spring such as flat spring i.e. flat spring packet, and adjusting mechanism comprising radially adjustable adjusting element, where length of spring is adjusted |
DE102009015732A1 (en) | 2009-03-31 | 2010-10-07 | Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg | Impact mechanism for machine tool i.e. hand-held power tool, has beater loaded through stretching of mechanical spring i.e. plate spring, where spring has two partial springs that are separated from each other by intermediate elements |
EP2857149A1 (en) * | 2013-10-03 | 2015-04-08 | HILTI Aktiengesellschaft | Manual tool machine |
CN219337617U (en) * | 2020-04-02 | 2023-07-14 | 米沃奇电动工具公司 | Rotary hammer |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1207900B (en) | 1959-04-30 | 1965-12-23 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Motor-driven hammer |
GB991533A (en) * | 1963-05-09 | 1965-05-12 | Jakob Hemmler | Improvements in percussion drills |
DE3024715C2 (en) * | 1980-06-30 | 1984-10-11 | Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd., Tokio/Tokyo | Impact drill |
DE3539030A1 (en) * | 1985-11-02 | 1987-05-07 | Hilti Ag | DRILLING HAMMER WITH PNEUMATICALLY DRIVEN PISTON |
SE8900947D0 (en) * | 1989-03-16 | 1989-03-16 | Atlas Copco Ab | Striking Tools |
GB9524180D0 (en) * | 1995-11-27 | 1996-01-31 | Black & Decker Inc | Hammer mechanism |
-
2004
- 2004-04-07 EP EP20040101429 patent/EP1584420B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP4382254A1 (en) * | 2022-12-07 | 2024-06-12 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Striking mechanism for a hand-held electric tool and hand-held electric tool |
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