EP1582837B1 - Fragmentation envelope for high explosive projectile - Google Patents

Fragmentation envelope for high explosive projectile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1582837B1
EP1582837B1 EP20050290558 EP05290558A EP1582837B1 EP 1582837 B1 EP1582837 B1 EP 1582837B1 EP 20050290558 EP20050290558 EP 20050290558 EP 05290558 A EP05290558 A EP 05290558A EP 1582837 B1 EP1582837 B1 EP 1582837B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
casing
fragmentation
intermediate zone
envelope
extremity
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EP20050290558
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1582837A1 (en
Inventor
Rémi Boulanger
Jean-Paul Duparc
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Nexter Munitions SA
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Nexter Munitions SA
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Publication of EP1582837A1 publication Critical patent/EP1582837A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/22—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type with fragmentation-hull construction
    • F42B12/24—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type with fragmentation-hull construction with grooves, recesses or other wall weakenings

Definitions

  • the technical field of the invention is that of fragmentation envelopes for explosive charge.
  • the fragmentation envelopes are generally cylindrical metal parts with or without an embrittlement network.
  • envelopes are intended to receive an explosive charge and they generate splinters when the loading is initiated.
  • the combination of the detonation waves can indeed lead to a Mach wave effect which causes the desired projection plane to over-fragment the envelope material.
  • the chips generated at this zone then have too small dimensions. This results in a loss of perforating efficiency for the load compared to initiation at one end only.
  • the patent US 5040464 relates to a cylinder inside which are formed two sets of parallel helical grooves whose intersections form diamond-shaped patterns.
  • the grooves are in particular made with a non-symmetrical profile. This document aims to control the mass and shape of the splinters produced by the military head.
  • the patent FR-2685077 relates to a splintered military charge having an explosive mass and surrounded by at least two walls which can be arranged in at least two positions to create two networks of breaklines. Each wall is indeed equipped with a network of lines of breaks.
  • the walls may be convex or concave, cylindrical or polygonal.
  • the grooves in the walls are made equidistant.
  • the patent Us-5157225 relates to a controlled fragmentation device during an explosion.
  • This cylindrical device comprises external grooves radially aligned with internal grooves. These grooves are longitudinal or peripheral. The grooves have different depths depending on whether it is longitudinal or circumferential grooves or whether it is internal or external grooves.
  • the subject of the invention is a fragmentation envelope for an explosive charge intended to be initiated at its two ends, envelope comprising a generally cylindrical external profile and characterized in that it comprises means making it possible to modify the fragmentation characteristics of an intermediate zone with respect to those of the end zones, the means for modifying the fragmentation characteristics comprising an internal profile of the envelope (1) which is such that the thickness of the envelope at a level of intermediate zone is greater than it is at each end of the envelope.
  • the intermediate zone at which the thickness of the envelope is maximum, is disposed substantially equidistant from each end of the envelope.
  • the internal profile is such that the thickness increases regularly between each end and the intermediate zone.
  • the internal profile is a toric surface.
  • the internal profile comprises a bead disposed at the intermediate zone and which is located between two substantially cylindrical surfaces extending from the bead at each end of the envelope.
  • the envelope comprises a network of weakening lines made on the external and / or internal profile.
  • the network is formed by a set of helical lines extending from one end to the other of the envelope.
  • each helical line has a variable pitch which grows between each end of the envelope and the intermediate zone so as to form a network whose meshes located at the intermediate zone have a size which is greater than to that of the meshes located at the two ends.
  • the weakening lines are made in the form of grooves.
  • the grooves have a greater depth in the vicinity of the intermediate zone.
  • the invention also relates to a fragmentation envelope for an explosive charge intended to be initiated at its two ends, envelope comprising a generally cylindrical outer profile and characterized in that it comprises means for modifying the fragmentation characteristics of an area. intermediate to those of the end areas the envelope having a constant thickness, the means for modifying the fragmentation characteristics comprising a network of weakening lines made on the external and / or internal profile, network formed by a set of helical lines extending from one end to the other of the envelope, each helical line having a variable pitch which decreases between each end of the envelope and the intermediate zone so as to achieve a network whose meshes located at the intermediate zone have a size which is smaller than that of meshes located at the two ends.
  • FIGS. 1a, 1b and 1 C show a fragmentation envelope 1 for an explosive charge.
  • the envelope 1 is here represented alone. It has a cylindrical external profile and its internal profile 1b delimits an internal volume 9 intended to receive an explosive charge.
  • Dashed lines are two end covers 3a and 3b each carrying an initiator 4a, 4b.
  • the initiators are connected to a not shown priming device.
  • the envelope loaded and carrying the initiators is an explosive charge generating splinters.
  • the simultaneous initiation of the two initiators 4a and 4b will lead to the progression in the explosive loading of two detonation wave fronts 5a and 5b converging towards one another.
  • Such a dual-initiated charge leads to a projection of fragments which are directed in a preferential manner along a radial plane 6 intersecting the envelope 1 at an intermediate zone 7 disposed equidistant from the two ends 2a and 2b of the envelope 1.
  • means are provided for modifying the fragmentation characteristics of this intermediate zone with respect to those of the end zones 2a. and 2b.
  • these means consist of a particular machining of the internal profile 1b, machining such that the thickness of the casing 1 is increasing between each end 2a or 2b of the casing 1 and the intermediate zone. 7.
  • the thickness of the envelope 1 is therefore maximum at the intermediate zone 7 and minimum at the ends 2a and 2b.
  • the internal profile is such that the thickness of the casing 1 rises regularly between each end 2a, 2b and the intermediate zone 7.
  • This internal profile is constituted here by a toric surface portion of axis 10.
  • the rate of variation of thickness along the envelope will be determined by the skilled person according to the mechanical characteristics of the material of the envelope 1 and the detonation characteristics of the explosive used.
  • This reinforcement of the envelope 1 at the intermediate zone 7 makes it possible to improve its mechanical strength at a zone where the Mach effect generated by the combination of the detonation waves 5a and 5b originating from each detonator 4a, 4b is maximal.
  • a network of weakening lines 8 This network can be made on the outer profile la and / or internal 1b.
  • the lines can be made by any known embrittlement process: mechanical or laser machining, electron bombardment, laser heating ...
  • the network is formed in a conventional manner by a set of helical lines 8 having axis axis 10 of the casing 1 and which extend from one end 2a to the other end 2b of the casing 1. These lines are here grooves machined along the helical lines.
  • the lines 8 delimit meshes 11, 12 corresponding to the desired size for the chips that will be generated by the envelope 1.
  • each helical line 8 has a variable pitch. This step is regularly increasing between one end 2a (or 2b) of the envelope 1 and the intermediate zone 7, then it decreases between the intermediate zone 7 and the other end 2b (or 2a).
  • weakening lines 8 are closer to each other in the vicinity of the ends 2a and 2b than they are at the intermediate zone 7.
  • the chips produced by the envelope 1 at the middle zone 7 are therefore larger than the chips generated near the ends 2a and 2b.
  • a helical weakening line is usually achieved using a tool driven by a translational movement while the envelope is driven by a rotational movement.
  • a machine to numerical control it is therefore sufficient to use a machine to numerical control in which it will be possible to program (as a function of time) the speed of advance in translation of the tool or the speed of rotation of the envelope.
  • FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c show a second embodiment of the invention.
  • This mode differs from the previous one by the geometry of the internal profile 1b.
  • the thickness of the envelope 1 is maximum level of the intermediate zone 7.
  • the internal profile 1b here comprises a bead 13 which is disposed at the intermediate zone 7. This bead is located between two substantially cylindrical surfaces 14a and 14b which extend from the bead to each end 2a, 2b of the envelope 1.
  • the total length of the bead depends on the nature of the explosive used.
  • This embodiment makes it possible to control more precisely the focusing of the chips at the level of the intermediate zone 7.
  • Each helical line 8 has a variable pitch which is regularly increasing between each end 2a or 2b of the envelope 1 and the intermediate zone 7.
  • the meshes 11 of the weakening network which are located at the intermediate zone 7 therefore have a size which is greater than that of the meshes 12 located at the two ends 2a, 2b.
  • the skilled person will choose the shape of the internal profile 1b, the number of weakening lines and the pitch variation, depending on the size of the desired fragments, the mechanical characteristics of the material of the envelope 1 and the detonation characteristics of the explosive implemented.
  • the weakening grooves may be advantageous to give the weakening grooves a greater depth in the vicinity of the intermediate zone 7 at the ends 2a and 2b.
  • the figure 3 shows such a variant in which the grooves 8 are thus deeper at the intermediate zone 7.
  • This variant will be implemented when there is a delay between the initiation of each end detonator. Indeed in this case the Mach wave reaches its maximum closer to the detonator initiated last. The thickness must be more important in this area where the Mach wave is the strongest.
  • This mode differs from the previous ones in that the internal profile 1b of the envelope is cylindrical.
  • the means making it possible to modify the fragmentation characteristics comprise a particular network of weakening lines.
  • This network is formed of helical lines 8 machined which extend from one end 2a to the other end 2b of the envelope 1.
  • Each helical line 8 still has a variable pitch, but this pitch decreases here between one end 2a (or 2b) of the envelope and the intermediate zone 7 and then it increases between the intermediate zone 7 and the other end 2b (or 2a) .
  • the mesh configuration here is the opposite of that described above with reference to figures 1c and 2c .
  • This choice is due to the fact that the envelope here has a constant thickness.
  • the effects of Mach are maximal at the intermediate zone 7 and, the thickness of the envelope is not reinforced, it is then necessary to control the fragmentation characteristics at this zone to play on the size of the mesh separating the weakening lines 8.
  • the network of weakening lines 8 may of course be made on the external profile or on the internal profile and the depth of the lines may also be variable, the maximum depth being provided at the intermediate zone 7.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)

Description

Le domaine technique de l'invention est celui des enveloppes de fragmentation pour charge explosive.The technical field of the invention is that of fragmentation envelopes for explosive charge.

Les enveloppes de fragmentation sont généralement des pièces cylindriques métalliques comportant ou non un réseau de fragilisation.The fragmentation envelopes are generally cylindrical metal parts with or without an embrittlement network.

Ces enveloppes sont destinées à recevoir un chargement explosif et elles engendrent des éclats lorsque le chargement est initié.These envelopes are intended to receive an explosive charge and they generate splinters when the loading is initiated.

Afin d'assurer une projection des éclats suivant un plan radial de l'enveloppe de charge, il est connu d'initier un tel chargement au niveau de ses deux extrémités. Les ondes de détonation issues de chaque initiateur se propagent alors vers une zone médiane de l'enveloppe de charge. Il en résulte une projection des éclats suivant un plan dont la position axiale est déterminée par le retard séparant chaque initiation. Généralement on cherche une initiation simultanée des deux initiateurs et les éclats se trouvent focalisés dans un plan disposé à égale distance des deux extrémités.In order to ensure a projection of the chips in a radial plane of the load envelope, it is known to initiate such loading at its two ends. The detonation waves from each initiator then propagate towards a middle zone of the charge envelope. This results in a projection of the chips in a plane whose axial position is determined by the delay between each initiation. Generally one seeks a simultaneous initiation of the two initiators and the chips are focused in a plane disposed equidistant from the two ends.

Une telle charge connue présente des inconvénients.Such a known charge has drawbacks.

La combinaison des ondes de détonation peut en effet conduire à un effet d'onde de Mach qui provoque au niveau du plan de projection souhaité une sur-fragmentation du matériau de l'enveloppe. Les éclats engendrés au niveau de cette zone ont alors des dimensions trop réduites. Il en résulte une perte d'efficacité perforante pour la charge par rapport à une initiation au niveau d'une seule des extrémités.The combination of the detonation waves can indeed lead to a Mach wave effect which causes the desired projection plane to over-fragment the envelope material. The chips generated at this zone then have too small dimensions. This results in a loss of perforating efficiency for the load compared to initiation at one end only.

Le brevet US-5040464 concerne un cylindre à l'intérieur duquel sont réalisés deux ensembles de rainures hélicoïdales parallèles dont les intersections forment des motifs en forme de diamant. Les rainures sont notamment réalisées avec un profil non symétrique. Ce document vise à contrôler la masse et la forme des éclats produits par la tête militaire.The patent US 5040464 relates to a cylinder inside which are formed two sets of parallel helical grooves whose intersections form diamond-shaped patterns. The grooves are in particular made with a non-symmetrical profile. This document aims to control the mass and shape of the splinters produced by the military head.

Le brevet FR-2685077 concerne une charge militaire à éclats comportant une masse d'explosif et entourée d'au moins deux parois pouvant être disposées dans au moins deux positions de façon à créer deux réseaux de lignes de ruptures. Chaque paroi est en effet équipée d'un réseau de lignes de ruptures. Les parois peuvent être convexes ou concaves, cylindriques ou polygonales. Les rainures dans les parois sont réalisées équidistantes.The patent FR-2685077 relates to a splintered military charge having an explosive mass and surrounded by at least two walls which can be arranged in at least two positions to create two networks of breaklines. Each wall is indeed equipped with a network of lines of breaks. The walls may be convex or concave, cylindrical or polygonal. The grooves in the walls are made equidistant.

Le brevet Us-5157225 concerne un dispositif à fragmentation contrôlée lors d'une explosion. Ce dispositif cylindrique comprend des rainures extérieures alignées radialement avec des rainures intérieures. Ces rainures sont longitudinales ou périphériques. Les rainures ont des profondeurs différentes selon qu'il s'agit de rainures longitudinales ou circonférentielles ou selon qu'il s'agit de rainures internes ou externes.The patent Us-5157225 relates to a controlled fragmentation device during an explosion. This cylindrical device comprises external grooves radially aligned with internal grooves. These grooves are longitudinal or peripheral. The grooves have different depths depending on whether it is longitudinal or circumferential grooves or whether it is internal or external grooves.

Aucun de ces documents n'enseigne une enveloppe de fragmentation destinée à être amorcée aux deux extrémités.None of these documents teach a fragmentation envelope to be initiated at both ends.

C'est le but de l'invention que de proposer une enveloppe de charge permettant de pallier de tels inconvénients.It is the object of the invention to provide a charging envelope for overcoming such disadvantages.

Ainsi, l'invention a pour objet une enveloppe de fragmentation pour une charge explosive destinée à être amorcée à ses deux extrémités, enveloppe comprenant un profil externe globalement cylindrique et caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend des moyens permettant de modifier les caractéristiques de fragmentation d'une zone intermédiaire par rapport à celles des zones d'extrémité, les moyens permettant de modifier les caractéristiques de fragmentation comprenant un profil interne de l'enveloppe (1) qui est tel que l'épaisseur de l'enveloppe au niveau d'une zone intermédiaire est supérieure à ce qu'elle est au niveau de chaque extrémité de l'enveloppe.Thus, the subject of the invention is a fragmentation envelope for an explosive charge intended to be initiated at its two ends, envelope comprising a generally cylindrical external profile and characterized in that it comprises means making it possible to modify the fragmentation characteristics of an intermediate zone with respect to those of the end zones, the means for modifying the fragmentation characteristics comprising an internal profile of the envelope (1) which is such that the thickness of the envelope at a level of intermediate zone is greater than it is at each end of the envelope.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la zone intermédiaire, au niveau de laquelle l'épaisseur de l'enveloppe est maximale, est disposée sensiblement à égale distance de chaque extrémité de l'enveloppe.According to one embodiment, the intermediate zone, at which the thickness of the envelope is maximum, is disposed substantially equidistant from each end of the envelope.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation, le profil interne est tel que l'épaisseur croit de façon régulière entre chaque extrémité et la zone intermédiaire.According to another embodiment, the internal profile is such that the thickness increases regularly between each end and the intermediate zone.

Selon encore un autre mode de réalisation, le profil interne est une surface torique.According to yet another embodiment, the internal profile is a toric surface.

Selon encore un autre mode de réalisation, le profil interne comprend un bourrelet disposé au niveau de la zone intermédiaire et qui est situé entre deux surfaces sensiblement cylindriques s'étendant du bourrelet à chaque extrémité de l'enveloppe.According to yet another embodiment, the internal profile comprises a bead disposed at the intermediate zone and which is located between two substantially cylindrical surfaces extending from the bead at each end of the envelope.

Selon encore un autre mode de réalisation, l'enveloppe comporte un réseau de lignes de fragilisation réalisé sur le profil externe et/ou interne.According to yet another embodiment, the envelope comprises a network of weakening lines made on the external and / or internal profile.

Selon encore un autre mode de réalisation, le réseau est formé par un ensemble de lignes hélicoïdales s'étendant d'une extrémité à l'autre de l'enveloppe.According to yet another embodiment, the network is formed by a set of helical lines extending from one end to the other of the envelope.

Selon encore un autre mode de réalisation, chaque ligne hélicoïdale a un pas variable qui croit entre chaque extrémité de l'enveloppe et la zone intermédiaire de façon à réaliser un réseau dont les mailles situées au niveau de la zone intermédiaire ont une taille qui est supérieure à celle des mailles situées au niveau des deux extrémités.According to yet another embodiment, each helical line has a variable pitch which grows between each end of the envelope and the intermediate zone so as to form a network whose meshes located at the intermediate zone have a size which is greater than to that of the meshes located at the two ends.

Selon encore un autre mode de réalisation, les lignes de fragilisation sont réalisées sous la forme de sillons.According to yet another embodiment, the weakening lines are made in the form of grooves.

Selon encore un autre mode de réalisation, les sillons ont une profondeur plus importante au voisinage de la zone intermédiaire.According to yet another embodiment, the grooves have a greater depth in the vicinity of the intermediate zone.

L'invention concerne également une enveloppe de fragmentation pour une charge explosive destinée à être amorcée à ses deux extrémités, enveloppe comprenant un profil externe globalement cylindrique et caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend des moyens permettant de modifier les caractéristiques de fragmentation d'une zone intermédiaire par rapport à celles des zones d'extrémité l'enveloppe ayant une épaisseur constante, les moyens permettant de modifier les caractéristiques de fragmentation comportant un réseau de lignes de fragilisation réalisé sur le profil externe et/ou interne, réseau formé par un ensemble de lignes hélicoïdales s'étendant d'une extrémité à l'autre de l'enveloppe, chaque ligne hélicoïdale ayant un pas variable qui décroît entre chaque extrémité de l'enveloppe et la zone intermédiaire de façon à réaliser un réseau dont les mailles situées au niveau de la zone intermédiaire ont une taille qui est inférieure à celle des mailles situées au niveau des deux extrémités.The invention also relates to a fragmentation envelope for an explosive charge intended to be initiated at its two ends, envelope comprising a generally cylindrical outer profile and characterized in that it comprises means for modifying the fragmentation characteristics of an area. intermediate to those of the end areas the envelope having a constant thickness, the means for modifying the fragmentation characteristics comprising a network of weakening lines made on the external and / or internal profile, network formed by a set of helical lines extending from one end to the other of the envelope, each helical line having a variable pitch which decreases between each end of the envelope and the intermediate zone so as to achieve a network whose meshes located at the intermediate zone have a size which is smaller than that of meshes located at the two ends.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, description faite en référence aux dessins annexés et dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1a est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une enveloppe de charge selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 1b est une vue d'une extrémité de l'enveloppe de charge selon la figure 1a,
  • la figure 1c est une vue de la surface externe de ce premier mode de réalisation de l'enveloppe de charge,
  • la figure 2a est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une enveloppe de charge selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 2b est une vue d'une extrémité de l'enveloppe de charge selon la figure 2a,
  • la figure 2c est une vue de la surface externe de ce deuxième mode de réalisation de l'enveloppe de charge.
  • la figure 3 est une vue partielle d'une variante de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 4a est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une enveloppe de charge selon un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 4b est une vue d'une extrémité de l'enveloppe de charge selon la figure 4a,
  • la figure 4c est une vue de la surface externe de ce troisième mode de réalisation de l'enveloppe de charge.
The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, description made with reference to the accompanying drawings and in which:
  • the figure 1a is a longitudinal sectional view of a load envelope according to a first embodiment of the invention,
  • the figure 1b is a view of one end of the charging envelope according to the figure 1a ,
  • the figure 1c is a view of the outer surface of this first embodiment of the load envelope,
  • the figure 2a is a longitudinal sectional view of a load envelope according to a second embodiment of the invention,
  • the figure 2b is a view of one end of the charging envelope according to the figure 2a ,
  • the Figure 2c is a view of the outer surface of this second embodiment of the load envelope.
  • the figure 3 is a partial view of an alternative embodiment of the invention,
  • the figure 4a is a longitudinal sectional view of a load envelope according to a third embodiment of the invention,
  • the figure 4b is a view of one end of the charging envelope according to the figure 4a ,
  • the figure 4c is a view of the outer surface of this third embodiment of the load envelope.

Les figures 1a, 1b et 1c, montrent une enveloppe 1 de fragmentation pour une charge explosive.The Figures 1a, 1b and 1 C , show a fragmentation envelope 1 for an explosive charge.

L'enveloppe 1 est ici représentée seule. Elle présente un profil externe la cylindrique et son profil interne 1b délimite un volume interne 9 destiné à recevoir un chargement explosif.The envelope 1 is here represented alone. It has a cylindrical external profile and its internal profile 1b delimits an internal volume 9 intended to receive an explosive charge.

On a représenté en traits pointillés deux couvercles d'extrémité 3a et 3b portant chacun un initiateur 4a, 4b. Les initiateurs sont reliés à un dispositif d'amorçage non représenté.Dashed lines are two end covers 3a and 3b each carrying an initiator 4a, 4b. The initiators are connected to a not shown priming device.

L'enveloppe chargée et portant les initiateurs constitue une charge explosive génératrice d'éclats. L'initiation simultanée des deux initiateurs 4a et 4b va conduire à la progression dans le chargement explosif de deux fronts d'ondes de détonation 5a et 5b convergeant l'un vers l'autre.The envelope loaded and carrying the initiators is an explosive charge generating splinters. The simultaneous initiation of the two initiators 4a and 4b will lead to the progression in the explosive loading of two detonation wave fronts 5a and 5b converging towards one another.

Une telle charge à double amorçage conduit à une projection d'éclats qui sont dirigés d'une façon préférentielle suivant un plan radial 6 coupant l'enveloppe 1 au niveau d'une zone intermédiaire 7 disposée à égale distance des deux extrémités 2a et 2b de l'enveloppe 1.Such a dual-initiated charge leads to a projection of fragments which are directed in a preferential manner along a radial plane 6 intersecting the envelope 1 at an intermediate zone 7 disposed equidistant from the two ends 2a and 2b of the envelope 1.

Conformément à l'invention et afin d'éviter une surfragmentation de l'enveloppe 1 au niveau de la zone intermédiaire 7, des moyens sont prévus permettant de modifier les caractéristiques de fragmentation de cette zone intermédiaire par rapport à celles des zones d'extrémité 2a et 2b.According to the invention and in order to avoid overfragmentation of the envelope 1 at the intermediate zone 7, means are provided for modifying the fragmentation characteristics of this intermediate zone with respect to those of the end zones 2a. and 2b.

Suivant le premier mode de réalisation décrit, ces moyens sont constitués par un usinage particulier du profil 1 interne 1b, usinage tel que l'épaisseur de l'enveloppe 1 est croissante entre chaque extrémité 2a ou 2b de l'enveloppe 1 et la zone intermédiaire 7.According to the first embodiment described, these means consist of a particular machining of the internal profile 1b, machining such that the thickness of the casing 1 is increasing between each end 2a or 2b of the casing 1 and the intermediate zone. 7.

L'épaisseur de l'enveloppe 1 se trouve donc maximale au niveau de la zone intermédiaire 7 et minimale au niveau des extrémités 2a et 2b.The thickness of the envelope 1 is therefore maximum at the intermediate zone 7 and minimum at the ends 2a and 2b.

Suivant ce mode particulier de réalisation le profil interne est tel que l'épaisseur de l'enveloppe 1 croit de façon régulière entre chaque extrémité 2a, 2b et la zone intermédiaire 7. Ce profil interne est constitué ici par une portion de surface torique d'axe 10.According to this particular embodiment, the internal profile is such that the thickness of the casing 1 rises regularly between each end 2a, 2b and the intermediate zone 7. This internal profile is constituted here by a toric surface portion of axis 10.

Le taux de variation d'épaisseur le long de l'enveloppe sera déterminé par l'Homme du Métier en fonction des caractéristiques mécaniques du matériau de l'enveloppe 1 ainsi que des caractéristiques détoniques de l'explosif utilisé.The rate of variation of thickness along the envelope will be determined by the skilled person according to the mechanical characteristics of the material of the envelope 1 and the detonation characteristics of the explosive used.

Ce renforcement de l'enveloppe 1 au niveau de la zone intermédiaire 7 permet d'améliorer sa résistance mécanique au niveau d'une zone où l'effet de Mach engendré par la combinaison des ondes de détonation 5a et 5b issues de chaque détonateur 4a, 4b est maximal.This reinforcement of the envelope 1 at the intermediate zone 7 makes it possible to improve its mechanical strength at a zone where the Mach effect generated by the combination of the detonation waves 5a and 5b originating from each detonator 4a, 4b is maximal.

On évite ainsi une surfragmentation de l'enveloppe 1 et les éclats conservent donc une masse qui est efficace. On améliore ainsi l'efficacité perforante globale de la charge explosive.This prevents overfragmentation of the casing 1 and the chips thus maintain a mass that is effective. This improves the overall perforating efficiency of the explosive charge.

Afin de maîtriser d'avantage la taille des éclats engendrés, on pourra prévoir sur l'enveloppe 1 un réseau de lignes de fragilisation 8. Ce réseau pourra être réalisé sur le profil externe la et/ou interne 1b.In order to better control the size of the chips generated, it will be possible to provide on the envelope 1 a network of weakening lines 8. This network can be made on the outer profile la and / or internal 1b.

Il est plus avantageux économiquement de réaliser de réseau sur le profil externe 1a, qui est plus accessible et qui a une forme cylindrique.It is more advantageous economically to network on the outer profile 1a, which is more accessible and has a cylindrical shape.

On pourra réaliser les lignes par tout procédé de fragilisation connu : usinage mécanique ou laser, bombardement électronique, échauffement laser...The lines can be made by any known embrittlement process: mechanical or laser machining, electron bombardment, laser heating ...

Le réseau est formé d'une façon classique par un ensemble de lignes hélicoïdales 8 ayant pour axe l'axe 10 de l'enveloppe 1 et qui s'étendent d'une extrémité 2a à l'autre extrémité 2b de l'enveloppe 1. Ces lignes sont ici des sillons usinés suivant les lignes hélicoïdales.The network is formed in a conventional manner by a set of helical lines 8 having axis axis 10 of the casing 1 and which extend from one end 2a to the other end 2b of the casing 1. These lines are here grooves machined along the helical lines.

Les lignes 8 délimitent des mailles 11, 12 correspondant à la taille souhaitée pour les éclats qui seront engendrés par l'enveloppe 1.The lines 8 delimit meshes 11, 12 corresponding to the desired size for the chips that will be generated by the envelope 1.

Conformément à l'invention chaque ligne hélicoïdale 8 a un pas variable. Ce pas est régulièrement croissant entre une extrémité 2a (ou 2b) de l'enveloppe 1 et la zone intermédiaire 7, puis il décroît entre la zone intermédiaire 7 et l'autre extrémité 2b (ou 2a).According to the invention, each helical line 8 has a variable pitch. This step is regularly increasing between one end 2a (or 2b) of the envelope 1 and the intermediate zone 7, then it decreases between the intermediate zone 7 and the other end 2b (or 2a).

Ainsi les lignes de fragilisation 8 sont plus proches les unes des autres au voisinage des extrémités 2a et 2b qu'elles ne le sont au niveau de la zone intermédiaire 7.Thus the weakening lines 8 are closer to each other in the vicinity of the ends 2a and 2b than they are at the intermediate zone 7.

Il en résulte un réseau dont les mailles 11 situées au niveau de la zone intermédiaire 7 ont une taille qui est supérieure à celle des mailles 12 situées au niveau des deux extrémités.This results in a network whose meshes 11 located at the intermediate zone 7 have a size which is greater than that of the meshes 12 located at the two ends.

Les éclats produits par l'enveloppe 1 au niveau de la zone médiane 7 ont donc une taille supérieure à celle des éclats engendrés au voisinage des extrémités 2a et 2b.The chips produced by the envelope 1 at the middle zone 7 are therefore larger than the chips generated near the ends 2a and 2b.

Une telle disposition permet, malgré la présence d'onde de Mach, de mieux maîtriser les dimensions des éclats engendrés.Such an arrangement makes it possible, despite the presence of Mach wave, to better control the dimensions of the chips generated.

Concrètement une ligne de fragilisation hélicoïdale est habituellement réalisée à l'aide d'un outil animé d'un mouvement de translation pendant que l'enveloppe est animée d'un mouvement de rotation. Pour réaliser un pas hélicoïdal continûment variable, il suffit donc d'utiliser une machine à commande numérique dans laquelle il sera possible de programmer (en fonction du temps) la vitesse d'avance en translation de l'outil ou bien la vitesse de rotation de l'enveloppe.Concretely a helical weakening line is usually achieved using a tool driven by a translational movement while the envelope is driven by a rotational movement. To achieve a continuously variable helical pitch, it is therefore sufficient to use a machine to numerical control in which it will be possible to program (as a function of time) the speed of advance in translation of the tool or the speed of rotation of the envelope.

Il serait bien entendu possible de réaliser une enveloppe à épaisseur variable dépourvue de lignes de fragilisation.It would of course be possible to make a variable thickness envelope devoid of weakening lines.

Les figures 2a, 2b et 2c montrent un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention.The Figures 2a, 2b and 2c show a second embodiment of the invention.

Ce mode diffère du précédent par la géométrie du profil interne 1b.This mode differs from the previous one by the geometry of the internal profile 1b.

Là encore l'épaisseur de l'enveloppe 1 est maximale niveau de la zone intermédiaire 7.Here again the thickness of the envelope 1 is maximum level of the intermediate zone 7.

Le profil interne 1b comprend ici un bourrelet 13 qui est disposé au niveau de la zone intermédiaire 7. Ce bourrelet est situé entre deux surfaces sensiblement cylindriques 14a et 14b qui s'étendent du bourrelet jusqu'à chaque extrémité 2a, 2b du enveloppe 1.The internal profile 1b here comprises a bead 13 which is disposed at the intermediate zone 7. This bead is located between two substantially cylindrical surfaces 14a and 14b which extend from the bead to each end 2a, 2b of the envelope 1.

La longueur totale du bourrelet dépend de la nature de l'explosif utilisé.The total length of the bead depends on the nature of the explosive used.

Ce mode de réalisation permet de maîtriser de façon plus précise la focalisation des éclats au niveau de la zone intermédiaire 7.This embodiment makes it possible to control more precisely the focusing of the chips at the level of the intermediate zone 7.

Pour un calibre donné il permet d'emporter une masse d'explosif supérieure.For a given caliber it allows to carry a mass of explosive superior.

Comme pour le mode de réalisation précédent on pourra ou non prévoir un réseau de lignes de fragilisation 8 réalisé sur le profil externe 1a et/ou interne 1b de l'enveloppe 1.As for the previous embodiment, it will be possible or not to provide a network of weakening lines 8 made on the outer profile 1a and / or inner 1b of the envelope 1.

Sur les figures 2a, 2b et 2c on a représenté un tel réseau qui, comme dans l'exemple précédent, est formé de lignes hélicoïdales usinées 8 qui s'étendent d'une extrémité 2a à l'autre extrémité 2b de l'enveloppe 1.On the Figures 2a, 2b and 2c there is shown such a network which, as in the previous example, is formed of machined helical lines 8 which extend from one end 2a to the other end 2b of the envelope 1.

Chaque ligne hélicoïdale 8 a un pas variable qui est régulièrement croissant entre chaque extrémité 2a ou 2b de l'enveloppe 1 et la zone intermédiaire 7.Each helical line 8 has a variable pitch which is regularly increasing between each end 2a or 2b of the envelope 1 and the intermediate zone 7.

Les mailles 11 du réseau de fragilisation qui sont situées au niveau de la zone intermédiaire 7 ont donc une taille qui est supérieure à celle des mailles 12 situées au niveau des deux extrémités 2a, 2b.The meshes 11 of the weakening network which are located at the intermediate zone 7 therefore have a size which is greater than that of the meshes 12 located at the two ends 2a, 2b.

L'Homme du Métier choisira la forme du profil interne 1b, le nombre de lignes de fragilisation et la variation de pas, en fonction de la taille des fragments souhaités, des caractéristiques mécaniques du matériau de l'enveloppe 1 ainsi que des caractéristiques détoniques de l'explosif mis en oeuvre.The skilled person will choose the shape of the internal profile 1b, the number of weakening lines and the pitch variation, depending on the size of the desired fragments, the mechanical characteristics of the material of the envelope 1 and the detonation characteristics of the explosive implemented.

En fonction de l'épaisseur de l'enveloppe 1 au niveau de la zone intermédiaire 7, il pourra être avantageux de donner aux sillons de fragilisation une profondeur plus importante au voisinage de la zone intermédiaire 7 qu'au niveau des extrémités 2a et 2b.Depending on the thickness of the casing 1 at the intermediate zone 7, it may be advantageous to give the weakening grooves a greater depth in the vicinity of the intermediate zone 7 at the ends 2a and 2b.

La figure 3 montre une telle variante dans laquelle les sillons 8 sont ainsi plus profond au niveau de la zone intermédiaire 7. Un sillon 8 donné s'étendant d'une façon continue d'une extrémité 2a à l'autre extrémité 2b de l'enveloppe 1, il suffira pour réaliser cette variante de faire varier la profondeur d'usinage lors du tournage. Cette variation sera réalisée de façon continue en enfonçant l'outil de rainurage de plus en plus jusqu'à la zone intermédiaire 7 puis en le retirant progressivement après cette zone intermédiaire.The figure 3 shows such a variant in which the grooves 8 are thus deeper at the intermediate zone 7. A groove 8 given extending continuously from one end 2a to the other end 2b of the envelope 1, it will suffice to achieve this variant to vary the machining depth during the turning. This variation will be carried out continuously by driving the grooving tool more and more to the intermediate zone 7 and then withdrawing it gradually after this intermediate zone.

A titre de variante il est bien entendu possible de réaliser une enveloppe pour laquelle l'épaisseur maximale se situe au niveau d'une zone intermédiaire qui se trouve plus proche d'une des extrémités de l'enveloppe que de l'autre.As a variant it is of course possible to make an envelope for which the maximum thickness is at an intermediate zone which is closer to one end of the envelope than the other.

On mettra en oeuvre cette variante lorsqu'il y a un retard entre l'initiation de chaque détonateur d'extrémité. En effet dans ce cas l'onde de Mach atteint son maximum plus près du détonateur initié le dernier. L'épaisseur doit donc être plus importante au niveau de cette zone où l'onde de Mach est la plus forte.This variant will be implemented when there is a delay between the initiation of each end detonator. Indeed in this case the Mach wave reaches its maximum closer to the detonator initiated last. The thickness must be more important in this area where the Mach wave is the strongest.

Les figures 4a, 4b et 4c montrent un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention.The Figures 4a, 4b and 4c show a third embodiment of the invention.

Ce mode diffère des précédents en ce que le profil interne 1b de l'enveloppe est cylindrique.This mode differs from the previous ones in that the internal profile 1b of the envelope is cylindrical.

Conformément à l'invention les moyens permettant de modifier les caractéristiques de fragmentation comportent un réseau de lignes de fragilisation particulier.According to the invention, the means making it possible to modify the fragmentation characteristics comprise a particular network of weakening lines.

Ce réseau est formé de lignes hélicoïdales 8 usinées qui s'étendent d'une extrémité 2a à l'autre extrémité 2b de l'enveloppe 1.This network is formed of helical lines 8 machined which extend from one end 2a to the other end 2b of the envelope 1.

Chaque ligne hélicoïdale 8 a encore un pas variable, mais ce pas décroît ici entre une extrémité 2a (ou 2b) de l'enveloppe et la zone intermédiaire 7 puis il croit entre la zone intermédiaire 7 et l'autre extrémité 2b (ou 2a).Each helical line 8 still has a variable pitch, but this pitch decreases here between one end 2a (or 2b) of the envelope and the intermediate zone 7 and then it increases between the intermediate zone 7 and the other end 2b (or 2a) .

Il en résulte un réseau dont les mailles 15 situées au niveau de la zone intermédiaire 7 ont une taille qui est inférieure à celle des mailles 16 situées au niveau des deux extrémités 2a et 2b.This results in a network whose meshes 15 located at the intermediate zone 7 have a size which is smaller than that of the meshes 16 located at the two ends 2a and 2b.

La configuration de maille est ici inverse de celle décrite précédemment en référence aux figures 1c et 2c. Ce choix est dû au fait que l'enveloppe a ici une épaisseur constante. Les effets de Mach sont maximaux au niveau de la zone intermédiaire 7 et, l'épaisseur de l'enveloppe n'étant pas renforcée, il est alors nécessaire pour maîtriser les caractéristiques de fragmentation au niveau de cette zone de jouer sur la taille de la maille séparant les lignes de fragilisation 8.The mesh configuration here is the opposite of that described above with reference to figures 1c and 2c . This choice is due to the fact that the envelope here has a constant thickness. The effects of Mach are maximal at the intermediate zone 7 and, the thickness of the envelope is not reinforced, it is then necessary to control the fragmentation characteristics at this zone to play on the size of the mesh separating the weakening lines 8.

En réduisant la taille des mailles au niveau de la zone médiane (où les risques de surfragmentation sont maximaux) on maîtrise mieux la dimension des éclats engendrés dans cette zone.By reducing the size of the meshes at the level of the median zone (where the risks of overfragmentation are maximum) one masters better the dimension of the chips generated in this zone.

En effet, avec une épaisseur d'enveloppe constante, une maille trop importante au niveau de la zone médiane ne pourrait empêcher une surfargmentation des éclats médians.Indeed, with a constant envelope thickness, a mesh too large in the middle zone could prevent a surargmentation of the middle bursts.

Le réseau de lignes de fragilisation 8 pourra bien entendu être réalisé sur le profil externe ou sur le profil interne et la profondeur des lignes pourra également être variable, la profondeur maximale étant prévue au niveau de la zone intermédiaire 7.The network of weakening lines 8 may of course be made on the external profile or on the internal profile and the depth of the lines may also be variable, the maximum depth being provided at the intermediate zone 7.

Claims (11)

  1. A fragmentation casing (1) for an explosive charge intended to be primed at its two extremities (2a, 2b), casing comprising a globally cylindrical external profile (1a) and characterized in that it comprises means enabling the fragmentation characteristics of an intermediate zone (7) to be modified with respect to those of the end zones (2a, 2b), the means enabling the fragmentation characteristics to be modified comprising an internal profile (1b) of the casing (1) such that the casing thickness at an intermediate zone (7) is greater than that at each extremity 2a, 2b) of the casing.
  2. A fragmentation casing according to Claim 1, characterised in that the intermediate zone (7) where the thickness of the casing (7) is at its maximal is arranged substantially equidistant from each extremity (2a, 2b) of the casing.
  3. A fragmentation casing according to Claim 2, characterised in that the internal profile (1b) is such that the thickness increases steadily between each extremity (2a, 2b) and the intermediate zone (7).
  4. A fragmentation casing according to Claim 3, characterised in that the internal profile (1b) is a toric surface.
  5. A fragmentation casing according to Claim 2, characterised in that the internal profile (1b) comprises a rib 13) arranged at the intermediate zone (7) and located between two substantially cylindrical surfaces (14a, 14b) extending from the rib (13) to each extremity (2a, 2b) of the casing.
  6. A fragmentation casing according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that it incorporates a grid of lines of weakness (8) made in the external (1a) and/or internal (1b) profile.
  7. A fragmentation casing according to Claim 6, characterised in that the grid is formed by a group of helicoidal lines (8) extending from one extremity (2a) to the other (2b) of the casing (1).
  8. A fragmentation casing according to Claim 7, characterised in that each helicoidal line (8) is of variable pitch increasing between each extremity (2a, 2b) of the casing and the intermediate zone (7) so as to form a grid whose mesh (11) located in the intermediate zone (7) is of a size that is greater than that of the mesh (12) located at the two extremities (2a, 2b).
  9. A fragmentation casing according to one of Claims 6 to 8, characterised in that the lines of weakness (8) are made in the form of grooves.
  10. A fragmentation casing according to Claim 9, characterised in that the grooves are of a greater depth near to the intermediate zone (7).
  11. A fragmentation casing (1) for an explosive charge intended to be primed at its two extremities (2a, 2b), casing comprising a globally cylindrical external profile (1a) characterised in that it comprises means enabling the fragmentation characteristics of an intermediate zone (7) to be modified with respect to those of the end zones (2a, 2b), the casing (1) being of a constant thickness, the means enabling the fragmentation characteristics to be modified comprising a grid (8) of lines of weakness made in the external (1a) and/or internal (1b) profile, such grid being formed by a group of helicoidal lines (8) extending from one extremity (2a) to the other (2b) of the casing, each helicoidal line having a variable pitch decreasing between each extremity (2a, 2b) of the casing and the intermediate zone (7) so as to produce a grid whose mesh (15) located at the intermediate zone (7) is of a size that is less than that of the mesh (16) located at the two extremities (2a, 2b).
EP20050290558 2004-03-30 2005-03-14 Fragmentation envelope for high explosive projectile Active EP1582837B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0403408 2004-03-30
FR0403408A FR2868523B1 (en) 2004-03-30 2004-03-30 FRAGMENTATION ENVELOPE FOR EXPLOSIVE LOAD

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EP1582837B1 true EP1582837B1 (en) 2014-01-01

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Cited By (2)

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US9329009B1 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-05-03 Vista Outdoor Operations Llc Manufacturing process to produce programmed terminal performance projectiles
PL423968A1 (en) * 2017-12-20 2019-07-01 Wojskowy Instytut Techniczny Uzbrojenia 122 mm unguided rocket missile

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DE102007025258A1 (en) * 2007-05-30 2008-12-04 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh warhead
DE102008060737A1 (en) * 2008-12-05 2010-06-10 TDW Gesellschaft für verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH Method and device for generating different splitter sizes
FR2961590B1 (en) * 2010-06-16 2012-06-08 Nexter Munitions OBUS COMPRISING A FRAGMENTABLE ENVELOPE.
DE102010061272B3 (en) 2010-12-15 2013-04-25 Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Gmbh & Co. Kg Projectile casing for an explosive projectile and method for treating a projectile casing
EP2963377A3 (en) * 2014-06-30 2016-04-13 Marc Hartmann Apparatus for releasing fluid to the atmosphere
CN112556512B (en) * 2020-11-12 2023-04-18 中国兵器装备研究院 Manufacturing method of precontrol fragment and precontrol fragment

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US5040464A (en) * 1977-05-31 1991-08-20 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Controlled fragmentation with fragment mix
US5157225A (en) * 1983-04-19 1992-10-20 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Controlled fragmentation warhead
FR2685077B1 (en) * 1991-12-13 1995-04-07 Thomson Brandt Armements EXPLOSIVE DEVICE WITH PROGRAMMABLE FRAGMENTATION.

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9329009B1 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-05-03 Vista Outdoor Operations Llc Manufacturing process to produce programmed terminal performance projectiles
US9360284B1 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-06-07 Vista Outdoor Operations Llc Manufacturing process to produce metalurgically programmed terminal performance projectiles
PL423968A1 (en) * 2017-12-20 2019-07-01 Wojskowy Instytut Techniczny Uzbrojenia 122 mm unguided rocket missile

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ES2447017T3 (en) 2014-03-11
EP1582837A1 (en) 2005-10-05
FR2868523B1 (en) 2008-06-27
FR2868523A1 (en) 2005-10-07

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