EP1561493A2 - Verfahren zur Erkennung, Planung und Bekämpfung von Wald- und Flächenbränden - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Erkennung, Planung und Bekämpfung von Wald- und Flächenbränden Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1561493A2 EP1561493A2 EP04030212A EP04030212A EP1561493A2 EP 1561493 A2 EP1561493 A2 EP 1561493A2 EP 04030212 A EP04030212 A EP 04030212A EP 04030212 A EP04030212 A EP 04030212A EP 1561493 A2 EP1561493 A2 EP 1561493A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- deployment
- data
- processing system
- data processing
- fire
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/005—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion for forest fires, e.g. detecting fires spread over a large or outdoors area
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
- A62C3/0271—Detection of area conflagration fires
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for detection, planning of control and Combating forest fires and wildfires.
- DE 694 21 200 T2 is a method for detecting fires in open Terrain disclosed using off-site positioned IR cameras.
- the images captured by these cameras are converted to digital processing Central station sent.
- an alarm signal is triggered.
- EP 0 811 400 A1 a method for fire detection using a Infrared camera on board an observation aircraft known. By means of an image analysis device the recorded images are examined for potential sources of fire.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method with the fires reliably detected and quickly effective countermeasures are initiated can.
- Essential in the presented method is the detection of fire areas the air by means of georeferenced infrared data and the transmission of this surface information into a planning and operations center.
- a presentation and Planning calculator With a presentation and Planning calculator, the overall situation is determined, presented and derived from it Fire extinguishers calculated from the air and from the ground and to the respective mission units transmitted.
- the firefighting and effectiveness supervised, ingested and with the recommended operational measures from the air the calculated measures at headquarters and, where appropriate, become the measures are optimized.
- the process closes one Chain from the determination of the fire situation, the calculation of countermeasures and monitoring the effectiveness of these measures.
- Fig. 1 shows the individual components of the method according to the invention and their Interaction.
- the observation and detection of fires takes place on board a Aircraft 1 by means of georeferenced thermal image.
- the coordinates of through Hot spots caused by a fire are sent via a data link to one Operations center 2 for operational planning, mission coordination and, if necessary, operational monitoring sent.
- the deployment plans generated in the operations center 2 are sent to the On-board management systems of the deployment vehicle transfer, which are ground vehicles 3b and / or aircraft 3a. From the use of vehicles can their current position data and other application-relevant data by means of Data link to the operation center 2 will be sent.
- the mentioned components of the method will be explained in more detail below.
- the airborne fire observation practiced today relies on the visual Evaluation by pilots or fire observers. Here stands the recognition of Fire herds based on observed smoke development in the foreground. Has been Observed smoke from the air, the observer transmits an estimated Position at a floor center, from which the fight then initiates becomes.
- the fire observer is in a high flying observation plane through an infrared camera with georeferencing replaced.
- the camera does not take the smoke, but already small fires that not immediately immediately associated with significant smoke, true. Plausibility procedures in the evaluation of the infrared data make sure that it unreliable false alarms caused by temporary hot spots, like hot engines of vehicles, comes. It also monitors the camera a much larger coverage area than a human observer already because of the visibility conditions can capture.
- the from the observation camera recorded data are continuously transmitted to a center on the ground and in a planning and display system based on the geographical coverage also recorded Coordinates mapped on a monitoring and insert card.
- the observation component according to the embodiment of FIG. 2 consists of three Elements.
- Onboard an observation aircraft is an infrared camera 21, which constantly receives a thermal image from the overflown area and through determine a relative data comparison so-called "hot spots" or "hot areas” can.
- the thermal image can be georeferenced. This can be done in the Aviation usual GPS receiver 23 are used.
- the position accuracy of about 30 m is sufficient for this referencing.
- the collected data will be transmitted via a data transmission link 24 in a floor center. Because the on-board data already preprocessed, will not be high on the transmission bandwidth Requirements made.
- a conventional air radio system Preferably in the NAV band
- the calculator is thus capable of a clear deployment view on a or multiple screens.
- all application-relevant information can be displayed become.
- these include the Representation of roads and road networks, tactical information, such as on the position of emergency services, data on the infrastructure and of course the with the map representation correlated data about the fire spread itself.
- the functional chain consisting of monitoring in the operations center, mission planning and coordination is through the element of mission monitoring and evaluation the effectiveness of the use closed.
- An optimization of Fire fighting can be carried out immediately. These include the Route optimization in the approach of ground resources as well as the Unbundling and coordination of rescue plans of airplanes and helicopters to optimize the deletion result. This is accompanied by the increase the operational safety of firefighting aircraft and helicopters through coordinated Trajectories and flight profiles.
- the monitoring of effectiveness is in addition to the local observation by the Height observation supported by thermal imaging.
- the presented Procedure a closed monitoring and deployment planning / coordination system for the control of surface and forest fires over large areas of application represents.
- the calculated and coordinated in the floor computer schedules and data for the Ground and airborne firefighting can be applied to at least three different types Transfer procedures in the involved in the use of ground and aircraft.
- the on-board management system of each deployment vehicle has a data link 41, by means of which the data from the planning computer in the operations center can be transferred to the respective vehicle. This is necessary Planning adjustments a fast data exchange between the ground site and ensured the use of vehicles. Since this data link is a bidirectional one Can communicate at any time data from the on-board system, For example, position and status data of the deployment vehicle transferred to the ground and displayed there or used for adaptation planning become.
- the planning data can alternatively be transferred to a data carrier from the planning computer Copy on the ground and with the disk on board via a corresponding Read reader 42 into the on-board management computer 43.
- This data transfer may also be in the opposite direction to the transfer of on-board data in the Operations center can be used to, for example, deployment profiles subsequently in evaluate the operations center on the ground and represent the total deployment and analyze.
- the data from a deployment plan can be entered by manual entry via an input field 46 are transmitted to the on-board system.
- This input method is particularly suitable if, for example, minor plan changes in the short term are to implement.
- these plans include optimized approach and range planning, Data for extinguishing agent intake and instructions for use direct fire fighting.
- the mission data is displayed on a graphic display 45 displayed in the emergency vehicle.
- the vehicle can according to this data moved and used in coordination with all other vehicles involved in the mission become. It transmits its specific, determined via GPS 44 position and Status data constantly in the headquarters and can there in conjunction with others Vehicles are presented in a deployment overview.
- the deployment plans include routes, Operating heights, approach profiles to extinguishing points and coordinates of the mission-optimized Position for dropping the extinguishing agent.
- times are to Coordination of different aircraft in a narrow space available posed.
- All mission-relevant data are displayed in the aircraft on a corresponding display 45 shown for the crew.
- Mission critical information such as the Settling point for the extinguishing agent can also be given acoustically if required.
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- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
- Image Processing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Fig. 1
- die einzelnen Komponenten des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens und ihre Interaktion,
- Fig. 2
- die Komponente zur Beobachtung und Erkennung von Bränden,
- Fig. 3
- die Komponente zur Einsatzplanung und Koordination,
- Fig. 4
- die Komponente für das mobile Luft- und Boden-Einsatzmanagement.
- Kartendaten eines zu überwachenden und darzustellenden Gebietes
- Daten zur Topographie und Textur dieses Gebietes
- Daten über Straßen und Wege mit Angaben zur aktuellen Belastbarkeit und Eignung für die Nutzung von Einsatzfahrzeugen
- Daten zur örtlichen Verfügbarkeit von Wasser- und Bandbekämpfungsmitteln
- Daten zur Infrastruktur für den Einsatz von Löschflugzeugen und Hubschraubern
- Daten der Einsatzfahr- und Luftfahrzeuge bezüglich technischer Ausstattung, Löschmittel, Löschmittelmengen, spezifischer Fahr-/ Flugzeugdaten wie Gewicht, Füllmengen, Leistungsprofilen (bei Löschflugzeugen und Hubschraubern zur Berechnung von Einsatzprofilen, Flugtrajektorien und Löschmittelabwurf-Verfahren)
- Positionsdaten der Einsatzvehikel (Boden und Luft) im Sinne eines Flottenmanagementsystems.
- aktuelle Wetter- und Winddaten
- die Infrarot-Flächenbeobachtungsdaten aus dem Beobachtungsflugzeug
- aktuelle Einsatzdaten zur Verfügbarkeit von Strassen, Wegen und Einsatzmitteln.
Claims (10)
- Verfahren zur Erkennung und Bekämpfung von Wald- und Flächenbränden, mit folgenden Verfahrensschritten:Beobachtung und Erkennung von Bränden mittels einer Infrarotkamera (21) an Bord eines Beobachtungsflugzeugs (1),das von der Infrarotkamera (21) ermittelte Bild wird unter Verwendung des durch ein Satellitennavigationssystem ermittelten Positionsdatums des Beobachtungsflugzeugs (1) bildpunktweise georeferenziert,das georeferenzierte Infrarotbild wird auf heiße Bildpunkte, die von einem Brand verursacht sind, mittels einer Bildanalyseeinrichtung untersucht,die Koordinaten der durch einen Brand verursachten heißen Bildpunkte werden mittels eines Datenlinks an eine zentrale Datenverarbeitungsanlage (2) am Boden übermittelt,in der zentralen Datenverarbeitungsanlage (2) werden unter Einbeziehung von geländebezogenenen Daten sowie Daten zu vorhandenen Brandbekämpfungsmitteln Einsatzpläne für Einsatzvehikel (3a,3b) zur Brandbekämpfung automatisch generiert,die in der zentralen Datenverarbeitungsanlage (2) generierten Einsatzpläne werden in die Bordmanagementsysteme (43) der Einsatzvehikel (3a,3b) übertragen,die den Einsatzplänen entsprechenden Einsatzdaten und -koordinaten werden vom Bordmanagementsystem (43) der Einsatzvehikel (3a,3b) mittels eines Ausgabegeräts (45) dargestellt,die Brandbekämpfung durch die Einsatzvehikel (3a,3b) erfolgt gemäß der vom Bordmanagementsystem (43) dargestellten Daten.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Lage der heißen Bildpunkte von der zentralen Datenverarbeitungsanlage (2) in einer Einsatzkarte zur Darstellung der Gesamtlage wiedergegeben wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einsatzpläne unter Berücksichtigung koordinierter Teilnahme von fliegenden und erdgebundenen Einsatzvehikeln (3a,3b) generiert werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass einsatzrelevante Daten sowie Positionen der Einsatzvehikel (3a,3b) vom Bordmanagementsystem (43) mittels Datenlink (41) an die zentrale Datenverarbeitungsanlage (2) übermittelt werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Positionsermittlung der Einsatzvehikel (3a,3b) unter Verwendung des Positionsdatum eines Satellitennavigationssystems (44) erfolgt.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Einsatzerfolg mittels der Infrarotkamera (21) im Beobachtungsflugzeug (1) unmittelbar erfasst und an die zentrale Datenverarbeitungsanlage (2) übermittelt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wirksamkeit des Einsatzes unmittelbar in der zentralen Datenverarbeitungsanlage (2) ausgewertet wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zentrale Datenverarbeitungsanlage (2) auf der Basis der Auswertung der Wirksamkeit des Einsatzes automatisch Umplanungen zur Optimierung der Brandbekämpfung generiert, und die Ergebnisse der Umplanung unmittelbar an die Einsatzvehikel (3a,3b) mittels Datenlink (41) übertragen werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die generierten Einsatzpläne und deren Wirkung in der zentralen Datenverarbeitungsanlage (2) simuliert werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einsätze durch Übertragung von an Bord der Einsatzvehikel (3a,3b) aufgezeichneten Daten nach Einsatzabschluss analysiert werden können.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102004006033 | 2004-02-06 | ||
DE102004006033A DE102004006033B3 (de) | 2004-02-06 | 2004-02-06 | Verfahren zur Erkennung und Bekämpfung von Wald-und Flächenbränden |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1561493A2 true EP1561493A2 (de) | 2005-08-10 |
EP1561493A3 EP1561493A3 (de) | 2006-11-22 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP04030212A Withdrawn EP1561493A3 (de) | 2004-02-06 | 2004-12-21 | Verfahren zur Erkennung, Planung und Bekämpfung von Wald- und Flächenbränden |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7337156B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1561493A3 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2492039A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102004006033B3 (de) |
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IL117521A0 (en) * | 1996-03-17 | 1996-10-31 | Israel Aircraft Ind Ltd Malat | A fire imaging system and method |
DE19612108A1 (de) | 1996-03-27 | 1997-10-02 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Punkt-zu-Mehrpunkt Funkübertragungssystem |
US5927648A (en) * | 1996-10-17 | 1999-07-27 | Woodland; Richard Lawrence Ken | Aircraft based sensing, detection, targeting, communications and response apparatus |
US6084510A (en) * | 1997-04-18 | 2000-07-04 | Lemelson; Jerome H. | Danger warning and emergency response system and method |
US6281970B1 (en) * | 1998-03-12 | 2001-08-28 | Synergistix Llc | Airborne IR fire surveillance system providing firespot geopositioning |
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2004
- 2004-02-06 DE DE102004006033A patent/DE102004006033B3/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-12-21 EP EP04030212A patent/EP1561493A3/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2005
- 2005-01-12 CA CA002492039A patent/CA2492039A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-02-04 US US11/049,697 patent/US7337156B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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DE69421200T2 (de) | 1993-02-10 | 2000-08-24 | Empresa Nacional Bazan De Construcciones Navalles Militares S.A., San Fernando | System zur Überwachung und Detektierung von Wärmequellen in offenen Gebieten |
EP0811400A1 (de) | 1996-06-03 | 1997-12-10 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Branderkennung |
Cited By (10)
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DE102007007492A1 (de) * | 2007-02-15 | 2008-08-21 | Airmatic Gesellschaft für Umwelt und Technik mbH | Verfahren zur integrierten, simulationsbasierten Waldbrandbekämpfung |
FR2934501A1 (fr) * | 2008-08-04 | 2010-02-05 | Smart Packaging Solutions Sps | Systeme de prevention des risques d'incendies |
WO2010015742A1 (fr) * | 2008-08-04 | 2010-02-11 | Smart Packaging Solutions (Sps) | Procédé et dispositif de prévention et de prévision de l'évolution des incendies |
NL2012373A (en) * | 2014-03-06 | 2015-10-23 | Inst Fysieke Veiligheid | Method and System for controlling Natural Fire. |
WO2017039431A1 (en) * | 2015-09-04 | 2017-03-09 | Instituut Fysieke Veiligheid | Method and system for controlling natural fire |
EP3165457A3 (de) * | 2015-11-05 | 2017-08-02 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Verfahren und systeme zur applikation vom flammschutzmittel auf basis von bordmessung u.-entscheidungsverfahren |
CN107545690A (zh) * | 2017-09-13 | 2018-01-05 | 三石量子(苏州)信息科技有限公司 | 一种智慧城市消防监控*** |
CN107886670A (zh) * | 2017-10-17 | 2018-04-06 | 湖北林青测控科技有限公司 | 林区初期火灾快速识别与定位方法、存储介质、电子设备 |
CN108196562A (zh) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-06-22 | 佛山市神风航空科技有限公司 | 一种基于无人机的景区监测***及方法 |
CN113240882A (zh) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-08-10 | 环球数科集团有限公司 | 一种基于静止气象卫星的草原火实时监控***与预警方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102004006033B3 (de) | 2005-09-08 |
US20050189122A1 (en) | 2005-09-01 |
CA2492039A1 (en) | 2005-08-06 |
EP1561493A3 (de) | 2006-11-22 |
US7337156B2 (en) | 2008-02-26 |
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