EP1545473A2 - Systemes d'administration de medicaments a unites multiples et a liberation modifiee - Google Patents
Systemes d'administration de medicaments a unites multiples et a liberation modifieeInfo
- Publication number
- EP1545473A2 EP1545473A2 EP03735864A EP03735864A EP1545473A2 EP 1545473 A2 EP1545473 A2 EP 1545473A2 EP 03735864 A EP03735864 A EP 03735864A EP 03735864 A EP03735864 A EP 03735864A EP 1545473 A2 EP1545473 A2 EP 1545473A2
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- dosage form
- multiple unit
- core
- unit dosage
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Definitions
- the technical field of the invention relates to modified release multiple unit systems, and methods of preparing these systems, which can be easily compressed into tablets or filled into capsules or sachets without affecting the desired release characteristics of the pharmaceutical active ingredients incorporated within the systems.
- modified release formulations The need to improve the clinical results of modified release formulations is well documented in the prior art. This is particularly important for drugs that have short half- lives, have region specific absorption, produce gastric irritation, or have other side effects at high plasma concentrations.
- One of the most common methods of achieving modified drug release involves the use of monolithic systems designed to have modified release characteristics. These monolithic systems vary from osmotic drug delivery systems to bioerodible or non-erodible matrix based systems.
- the final dosage form consists of a collection of the multiple units, compressed into a tablet, or filled into a capsule or sachet.
- the individual units When administered, the individual units are dispersed freely into the gastrointestinal contents, avoiding the high local concentration of drug which may lead to irritation of gastrointestinal mucosa.
- the performance of the dosage form is independent of inter- and intra-patient variability in gastric emptying time because of the small size of the individual units that make up the system.
- This technology has the added advantages of (1) allowing the production of numerous doses and strengths without the need for formulation or process changes; (2) delivery of incompatible agents together in a single dosage form; and (3) delivery of particles or individual units that have different release characteristics to achieve desired release profile.
- Each individual unit of the multiple unit system is either: (a) an inert core or pellet coated with one or more layers of drug and other release controlling polymeric substances; or (b) a drug-containing core or pellet optionally coated with one or more layers of release controlling polymeric substances.
- a common problem with modified release, multiple unit systems is the rupturing or cracking of the release controlling layers or membrane of the core, or the fragmentation of the core, due to the mechanical stress generated during the compression of cores or individual units into a tablet or filling into a capsule or sachet.
- Various approaches are described in the prior art for formulating multiple unit systems with a desired mechanical strength.
- U.S. Patent No. 4,713,248 discloses a water-based film comprising a homogenous combination of a water dispersible film forming agent and a polymeric substance that forms a film over a controlled release multiple unit formulation containing an active substance.
- U.S. Patent No. 5,783,215 describes the use of inert and non-soluble cores of glass or sand particles and soluble cores, such as sugar spheres, which are capable of withstanding mechanical stress, in combination with a plasticizing layer of a hydrophilic polymer containing the drug, optionally with additional layers of the polymer not containing the drug, layered between the core and the release controlling membrane.
- a multiple unit dosage form that includes multiple units.
- Each unit includes at least one core having an outer surface; a first coating layer surrounding at least a portion of the outer surface of the core and having an outer surface, the coating layer including one or both of one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients and one or more rate controlling polymers; and an outer layer.
- the outer layer includes a material that is one or both of elastic and compressible.
- Embodiments of the multiple unit dosage form may include one or more of the following features.
- the core may include the one or more rate controlling polymers.
- the core may include the one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients.
- the core may include the rate controlling polymer and the active pharmaceutical ingredient.
- the first coating layer may include the one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients.
- the core may include one or more of sugar, a non-pareil seed, microcrystalline cellulose, celphere, sand silicon dioxide, glass, plastic, polystyrene, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.
- the sugar may include one or more of glucose, mannitol, lactose, xylitol, dextrose, and sucrose.
- the core may include one or more of an insoluble material, a soluble material, and a swellable material.
- the rate controlling polymer may include one or more of cellulosic polymers, methacrylic acid polymers, and waxes.
- the rate controlling polymer may include one or more of ethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, and hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl phthalate, cellulose acetate phthalate, and cellulose acetate trimellitate.
- the one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients may include one or more of antidepressants, antidiabetics, antiulcers, analgesics, antihypertensives, antibiotics, antipsychotics, antineoplastics, antimuscarinics, diuretics, antimigraine agents, antivirals, anti-inflammatory agents, sedatives, antihistaminics, antiparasitic agents, antiepileptics and lipid lowering agents.
- the one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients may include one or more of enalapril, captopril, benazepril, lisinopril, ranitidine, famotidine, ranitidine bismuth citrate, diltiazem, propranolol, verapamil, nifedipine, acyclovir, ciprofloxacin, simvastatin, atorvastatin, lovastatin, venlafaxine, citalopram, paroxetine, selegiline, midazolam, fiuoxetine, acarbose, buspirone, nimesulide, captopril, nabumetone, glimepiride, glipizide, etodolac, nefazodone and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
- the one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients may be one or both of glipizide and venlafaxine or their salts.
- the multiple unit dosage form may further include one or more additional layers.
- the additional layers are positioned between (a) one or more of the core and the first coating layer and (b) surrounding at least a portion of the first coating layer.
- the one or more additional layers include one or more of a seal coat, a film forming layer, a rate controlling polymer, and an active pharmaceutical ingredient.
- the seal coat may be one or more of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and methacrylic acid copolymers.
- the film forming layer may be one or more of ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl phthalate, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate trimelliatate, cellulose acetate phthalate, waxes, polyethylene glycol, and methacrylic acid polymers.
- the multiple unit dosage form may further include an outer layer on the outer surface of the unit and the outer surface includes a material that is one or both of elastic and compressible.
- the material in the outer layer may be one or more wax materials.
- the wax material may be one or more polyethylene glycols (PEGs).
- the PEGs may differ by molecular weight.
- the polyethylene glycol (PEG) may be one or more of PEG 600, PEG 4000, PEG 6000, PEG 8000, and PEG 20000.
- the waxy material may be from about 1% to about 15% by weight of the total tablet weight or from about 1% to about 100% by weight of the weight of the core and first coating layer.
- the waxy material may be applied to each unit as a solution, suspension, dispersion, or hot melt technique.
- the solution, suspension, or dispersion may be made using a solvent.
- the solvent may be one or more of methylene chloride, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, methanol, ethanol, and
- the active pharmaceutical ingredient may be glipizide and may be present in one or both of the core and the first coating layer.
- the multiple unit dosage form may further include a buffering agent with the glipizide in one or both of the core and the first coating layer.
- the buffering agent may be one or more of dibasic sodium phosphate, sodium ascorbate, meglumine, sodium citrate trimethanolamine, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, ammonia, tertiary sodium phosphate, diethanolamine, ethylenediamine, and L-lysine.
- one or more of the core and the first coating layer may include one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
- the pharmaceutically acceptable excipients may include surfactants, binders, diluents, disintegrants, lubricants, glidants, plasticizers, stabilizers, and coloring agents.
- the surfactants may include one or more of a non-ionic surfactant, an ionic surfactant, mono fatty acid esters of polyoxyethylene sorbitan, polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80), polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Tween 60), polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20), an anionic surfactant, sodium lauryl sulfate, polyoxyethylene castor oil derivative, polyoxyethyleneglycerol triiricinoleate castor oil, polyoxyl 35 castor oil, Cremophor EL, and Vitamin E TPGS, d-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate, polyethoxylated fatty acids and their derivatives, polyethylene glycol 400 distearate, polyethylene glycol - 20 dioleate, polyethylene glycol 4-150 mono dilaurate, polyethylene glycol -20 glyceryl stearate, alcohol - oil transest
- the binders may include one or more of methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyvmylpyrrolidone, gelatin, gum arabic, ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, pullulan, pregelatinized starch, agar, tragacanth, sodium alginate, and propylene glycol.
- the diluents may include one or more of calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate-dibasic, calcium phosphate-tribasic, calcium sulfate, microcrystalline cellulose, silicified microcrystalline cellulose, cellulose powdered, dextrates, dextrins, dextrose excipients, fructose, kaolin, lactitol, lactose, mannitol, sorbitol, starch, starch pregelatinized, sucrose, sugar compressible, and sugar confectioners.
- the disintegrants include one or more of starch, croscarmellose, crospovidone, and sodium starch glycolate.
- the lubricants and glidants include one or more of colloidal anhydrous silica, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, talc, hydrogenated caster oil, sucrose esters of fatty acid, microcrystalline wax, yellow beeswax, and white beeswax.
- the plasticizers include one or more of polyethylene glycol, triethyl citrate, triacetin, diethyl phthalate, and dibutyl sebacate.
- the stabilizers include one or more of antioxidants, buffers, and acids.
- the multiple unit dosage form may further include one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients around the individual units.
- the dosage form may be a tablet and the tablet may be formed by application of a compressive force.
- the dosage form may be a capsule.
- the active pharmaceutical ingredients of the multiple unit dosage form may be one or more of atorvastatin and amlodipine, metformin and glipizide, simvastatin and ramipril, simvastatin and amlodipine, metformin XL and glipizide XL, ramipril and atorvastatin, ramipril and amlodipine, metformin XL and glimiperide, fosinopril and amlodipine.
- a process for the preparation of a multiple unit dosage form includes providing at least one core having an outer surface, forming a coated core by applying one or more coating layers to the core such that the one or more coating layers surround at least a portion of the outer surface of the core or the coating layers, forming an individual unit by applying a waxy material to the coated core to form a wax layer, and combining one or more units to form a multiple unit dosage form.
- One or both of the core and the coating layers includes one or more rate controlling polymers and active pharmaceutical ingredients.
- Embodiments of the process may include one or more of the following features.
- the process may further include applying one or both of a seal layer or a film forming layer between the core and the coating layer, between the one or more coating layers, and between the one or more coating layers and the wax layer.
- the waxy material may be one or more polyethylene glycols (PEGs) of one or more molecular weights.
- the polyethylene glycols (PEG) may be one or more of PEG 600, PEG 4000, PEG 6000, PEG 8000, and PEG 20000.
- the waxy material may be from about 1% to about 15% by weight of the total tablet weight.
- the waxy material may be from about 1% to about 100% by weight of the weight of the core and the one or more coating layers.
- Applying the waxy material may include applying a coating of a solid waxy material by using a hot melt technique. Applying the waxy material may include applying a coating of waxy material by using as one or more of a solution, a suspension, and a dispersion.
- the solution or the suspension may be prepared in a solvent.
- the solvent may be selected from one or more of methylene chloride, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, methanol, ethanol, and water.
- the core may be an inert core.
- the core may include one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
- the core may include one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients.
- the one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients may be one or more of antidepressants, antidiabetics, antiulcers, analgesics, antihypertensives, antibiotics, antipsychotics, antineoplastics, antimuscarinics, diuretics, antimigraine agents, antivirals, anti-inflammatory agents, sedatives, antihistaminics, antiparasitic agents, antiepileptics and lipid lowering agents.
- the one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients may be one or more of enalapril, captopril, benazepril, lisinopril, ranitidine, famotidine, ranitidine bismuth citrate, diltiazem, propranolol, verapamil, nifedipine, acyclovir, ciprofloxacin, simvastatin, atorvastatin, lovastatin, venlafaxine, citalopram, paroxetine, selegiline, midazolam, fluoxetine, acarbose, buspirone, nimesulide, captopril, nabumetone, glimepiride, glipizide, etodolac, nefazodone and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hi particular, the active pharmaceutical ingredient may be venlafaxine or glipizide.
- the core may be prepared by extrusion-spheronization.
- the extrusion- spheronization process may include granulating an inert core material with or without other pharmaceutical excipients with a binder solution to form a wet mass, passing the wet mass through an extruder to form extrudates, and spheronizing the extrudates.
- the core may be prepared by granulation.
- the granulation process may include wetting a dry mix of core material with or without other pharmaceutical excipients with a binder solution.
- the units may be prepared by coating the cores with active pharmaceutical ingredients and rate controlling polymers.
- the units may be prepared by coating cores with a first layer comprising an active pharmaceutical ingredient and a second outer layer comprising a rate controlling polymer.
- the process may further include applying a seal coat or a film forming layer between the core and the subsequent layers.
- the process may further include applying a seal coat or a film forming layer between a layer comprising an active pharmaceutical ingredient and a layer comprising a release rate controlling polymer
- the rate controlling polymer may include one or more of cellulosic polymers, methacrylic acid polymers, and waxes.
- the rate controlling polymer may be one or more of ethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl phthalate, cellulose acetate phthalate, and cellulose acetate trimellitate.
- a method for preparing a modified release multiple unit dosage form includes providing a core having a coating, forming individual units by coating the coated core with a coating material that is one or both of compressible and elastic, and forming the dosage form by combining one or more individual units.
- One or both of the core and the coating may be one or more rate controlling polymers and one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients.
- Embodiments of the method of preparing a modified release multiple unit dosage form may include one or more of the following features, including any one or more of the features described above.
- the coating material may be a waxy material.
- the coating material may be a polyethylene glycol.
- Combining one or more individual units may include filling the individual units into a capsule or sachet or compressing the individual units into a tablet.
- a method of treating a medical condition includes administering a multiple unit tablet for oral ingestion.
- Each unit includes a core, one or more layers surrounding the core, and an outer layer.
- the core includes one or more of a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, an active pharmaceutical ingredient, and a rate controlling polymer.
- the one or more layers includes one or more of a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, an active pharmaceutical ingredient, a rate controlling polymer, a sealing layer, and a film forming layer.
- the outer layer includes a material that is one or both of compressible or elastic to partially or completely absorb a compressive force exerted in combining the units.
- Embodiments of the method of treating a medical condition may include one or more of the following features, including any one or more of the features described above.
- the material of the outer layer may be a waxy material.
- the waxy material may be one or more polyethylene glycols of different molecular weights.
- a combination drug, multiple unit dosage form includes first units and second units.
- Each first unit includes at least one core having an outer surface, a first coating layer surrounding at least a portion of the outer surface of the core and having an outer surface, and an outer layer surrounding at least a portion of an outer surface of the first coating layer, the first coating layer including a first active pharmaceutical ingredient.
- Each second unit includes at least one core having an outer surface, a first coating layer surrounding at least a portion of the outer surface of the core and having an outer surface, and an outer layer surrounding at least a portion of an outer surface of the first coating layer, the first coating layer including a second active pharmaceutical ingredient.
- One or both of the cores and the coating layers may include the rate controlling polymer.
- One or both of the outer layers may include a waxy material.
- Embodiments of the combination drug, multiple unit dosage form may include one or more of the following features, including any one or more of the features described above.
- waxy material may include one or more polyethylene glycols.
- a multiple unit dosage form in another general aspect, includes multiple units.
- Each unit includes at least one core having an outer surface and comprising one or more one active pharmaceutical ingredients; and a coating layer surrounding at least a portion of the outer surface of the core, having an outer surface and comprising a waxy material.
- Embodiments of the dosage form may include one or more of the following features.
- the waxy material may be one or more polyethylene glycols of different molecular weights.
- the dosage form may be a tablet or a capsule.
- a multiple unit dosage form in another general aspect, includes multiple units.
- Each unit includes at least one core having an outer surface and a first coating layer surrounding at least a portion of the outer surface of the core and having an outer surface.
- the coating layer includes glipizide or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt and optionally one or more rate controlling polymers.
- the pharmaceutically acceptable salt comprises one or more of mineral acid salts, organic acid salts, and organosulphonic acid salts.
- a modified release multiple unit system includes units of glipizide.
- the units include an inert core; a drug layer surrounding the inert core, the drug layer including glipizide; and a rate controlling polymer layer surrounding the drug layer.
- Embodiments of the modified release multiple unit system may include one or more of the following features.
- the system may be a tablet or a capsule.
- a modified release multiple unit system includes units of glipizide.
- the units include an inert core; a drug layer surrounding the inert core; a rate controlling polymer layer surrounding the drug layer; and a waxy layer surrounding the drug layer.
- Embodiments of the modified release multiple unit system may include one or more of the following features.
- the system may be a tablet or a capsule.
- the units can be compressed into tablet, or filled into a capsule or a sachet; without affecting the desired release characteristics of drug.
- a modified release multiple unit system includes units of venlafaxine.
- the units include an inert core; a drug layer surrounding the inert core; and a rate controlling polymer layer surrounding the drug layer.
- Embodiments of the modified release multiple unit system may include one or moreof the following features.
- the system may be a tablet.
- the units can be compressed into tablet without affecting the desired release characteristics of drug.
- a modified release multiple unit system includes units of venlafaxine.
- the units include an inert core; a drug layer surrounding the inert core; a rate controlling polymer layer surrounding the drug layer; and a waxy layer surrounding the rate controlling polymer layer.
- Embodiments of the modified release multiple unit system may include one or more of the following features.
- the system may be a tablet.
- the units can be compressed into tablet without affecting the desired release characteristics of the venlafaxine. '
- a modified release multiple unit system comprises units of a drug.
- the units include an inert core; a drug layer surrounding the inert core; a rate controlling polymer layer surrounding the drug layer; and a waxy layer surrounding the rate controlling polymer layer.
- Embodiments of the modified release multiple unit system may include one or more of the following features.
- the system may be compressed into tablet, or filled in capsule or sachet without affecting the desired release characteristics of drug.
- a process for the preparation of a modified release multiple unit system of a drug includes the steps of coating inert pellets with a drug and rate controlling polymer layer; coating with a waxy layer; optionally blending with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients; compressing into a tablet, or filling into a capsule or a sachet of suitable size.
- a process for the preparation of a modified release multiple unit system of drug includes the steps of coating inert pellets with a drug and rate controlling polymer layer; coating with a waxy layer; optionally blending with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients; and compressing into tablet of suitable size.
- Embodiments of the modified release multiple unit system may include one or more of the following features.
- the drug may be venlafaxine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
- a process for the preparation of modified release multiple unit system of drug includes the steps of coating drug containing cores with a rate controlling polymer layer; coating the rate controlling polymer layer with a waxy layer; optionally blending with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients; and compressing into a tablet, or filling into a capsule or a sachet of suitable size.
- the inventors have applied the multiple unit dosage form or system techniques, compositions, and concepts to active pharmaceutical ingredients, including venlafaxine and glipizide. In so doing, the inventors have developed separate multiple unit dosage form or systems of venlafaxine and glipizide that are in the form of controlled release tablets in which the waxy layer is an optional component. These venlafaxine and glipizide controlled release, multiple unit tablets that include coated pellets of venlafaxine or glipizide, respectively, overcome the known problem of limited dosing associated with capsules.
- controlled release as used herein includes any type of modified release such as prolonged release, delayed release, sustained release, extended release and the like.
- the waxy coating imparts a certain degree of elasticity or compressibility to the units and makes possible the compression of the multiple units into tablets or filling into capsules or sachets without altering the dissolution profile and hence the bioavailability and desired clinical effects. Further, this approach can be used over any types of pre- functional layers and irrespective of drug characteristics.
- the waxy coating provides a method for the preparation of modified or controlled release, multiple unit dosage forms or systems that include a final or outer coating of a waxy material and these units can be easily compressed into tablets, or filled into capsules or sachets without affecting the desired release characteristics of drug (e.g., dissolution profile, bioavailability, and clinical effects).
- the waxy layer can protect the release control polymer layer from cracking during compression, for example, during the production of tablets.
- the multiple units can be for use in any dosage forms, such as a tablet, capsule or sachet, and include a core or pellet, one or more layers around the pellet, and an outer waxy layer.
- the core or pellet can be entirely or partially an active pharmaceutical ingredient or an inert material, or a combination of both.
- the layers around the core may include one or more release or rate controlling polymers and/or active pharmaceutical ingredients.
- the layers also may be in the form of sealing or film forming layers around or between the polymer and active pharmaceutical ingredients.
- the various layers and core may optionally contain pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
- the outer waxy layer may consist entirely of a waxy material or may be a mixture of a waxy material and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable functional excipients.
- the multiple units of the improved multiple unit systems may contain (1) inert pellets or cores or (2) drug containing pellets or cores in which the drug is incorporated within the pellets or cores. Cores and pellets generally are used interchangeably herein.
- the inert core of the improved multiple unit systems is either a commercially available product or prepared in the laboratory.
- the inert core may be of any geometric shape, although spherical beads have the advantage of providing ease of uniform coating.
- the bead diameter may vary from about 50 ⁇ m to 700 ⁇ m.
- the pellet weight may vary from about 3% to about 40% by weight of the total tablet weight.
- the commercially available inert cores include sugar spheres, non pariel seeds, celpheres and the like.
- the laboratory or otherwise manufactured cores may be prepared according to any suitable method including:
- Extrusion-Spheronization The inert core material with or without drug and other pharmaceutical excipients is granulated by addition of a binder solution. The wet mass is passed through an extruder equipped with a screen. The extrudates are spheronized in a marumerizer. The resulting spheroids or pellets are dried and sieved for further applications.
- Granulation The inert core material with or without drug and other pharmaceutical excipients is dry-mixed and then the mixture is wetted by addition of a binder solution in a high shear-granulator/mixer. The granules are kneaded after wetting by the combined actions of mixing and milling. The resulting granules or pellets are dried and sieved for further applications.
- the material from which the inert pellet or core is prepared may be selected from one or more of pharmaceutically inert insoluble, soluble, and/or swellable materials, with or without pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
- the insoluble inert core material may be, for example, one or more of sand (silicon dioxide), glass, microcrystalline cellulose (e.g., celpheres) or plastic (e.g., polystyrene) material.
- the soluble inert core material may be, for example, one or more sugar such as glucose, mannitol, lactose, xylitol, dextrose, sucrose, and the like.
- the swellable inert core material may be, for example, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose or a similar material.
- the core also can be a combination of two or more of these three general types of core materials.
- drug-containing cores can also be prepared by completely or partially replacing the inert core material with one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients in the above two methods of preparing inert cores.
- the improved, modified release multiple units may be prepared from inert cores by (a) coating the inert core with one or more drug and rate controlling polymer layers; or (b) coating the inert core with one or more drug layers and rate controlling polymer layers separately. Both of these options may contain a seal or film coat between the inert core and the drug layer and/or between the drug layer and the rate controlling polymer layer.
- the improved, modified release multiple units also may be prepared from drug containing cores by (a) coating drug containing cores with rate controlling polymer; or (b) coating drug containing cores with drug and rate controlling polymer. Both of these options may contain a seal or film coat between the drug containing core and the polymer layer and/or over the polymer layer. The seal or film coat layer also can be formed between the drug containing core and the drug/polymer layer and/or over the drug/polymer layer.
- the improved, modified release units are further processed by applying a final layer of a waxy material over each unit prepared by the above processes.
- a final layer of a waxy material is the general rule, the inventors nonetheless have successfully formed tables from multiple units without the waxy layer. This may be dependent on, for example, the active pharmaceutical ingredient of the tablet.
- modified release units prepared by any of the above methods can be mixed with other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, to the extent required or desired, and compressed into tablets or filled into capsules and sachets using techniques known in the art for these purposes.
- the final tablets or capsules may optionally be coated, if desired.
- the drug layer of the improved multiple unit tablet includes one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients, and optionally includes other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
- the drug layer may be applied as an aqueous or non-aqueous solution or dispersion of drug in water or organic solvent, or mixtures thereof.
- the one or more drugs may be selected from, for example, one or more of antidepressants, antidiabetics, antiulcers, analgesics, antihypertensives, antibiotics, antipsychotics, antineoplastics, antimuscarinics, diuretics, antimigraine agents, antivirals, anti-inflammatory agents, sedatives, antihistaminics, antiparasitic agents, antiepileptics and lipid lowering agents.
- drugs of the above classes include enalapril, captopril, benazepril, lisinopril, ranitidine, famotidine, ranitidine bismuth citrate, diltiazem, propranolol, verapamil, nifedipine, acyclovir, ciprofloxacin, simvastatin, atorvastatin, lovastatin, venlafaxine, citalopram, paroxetine, selegiline, midazolam, fluoxetine, acarbose, buspirone, nimesulide, captopril, nabumetone, glimepiride, glipizide, etodolac, nefazodone and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
- the rate controlling polymer layer includes one or more polymers with or without other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. This layer may be applied as an aqueous or non-aqueous solution or dispersion of polymers in a water or organic solvent. Suitable rate controlling polymers include one or more of cellulosic polymers such as ethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, and hydroxyethylcellulose; waxes; hydroxypropylmethyl phthalate; cellulose acetate phthalate; cellulose acetate trimellitate; and methacrylic acid polymers such as Eudragit ® RL and RS.
- the single drug and rate controlling layer may contain the above described drug and polymers in the same layer. Based on the desired release profile, the controlled release polymer layer weight may constitute from about 5% to about 75% of the total tablet weight.
- the waxy material may be selected from, for example, a range of polyethylene glycols (PEGs) of various molecular weights, such as PEG 600, PEG 4000, PEG 6000, PEG 8000, PEG 20000 and the like, hi general, the waxy material should be at least of approximately as compressible or elastic as PEG.
- the waxy material layer may constitute, for example, from about 1% to about 15% by weight of the total tablet weight, although the amount may be varied up or down if necessary.
- the amount of the waxy material may vary from about 1% to about 100% by weight of the weight of the core and coating layer or one or more coating layers.
- the waxy layer is applied as a solution or suspension using any conventional coating technique known in the art, including spray coating in a conventional coating pan or fluidized bed processor, dip coating of each unit of a multiple unit system, or using a hot melt technique.
- the solvents used for making a solution, dispersion, or suspension of the waxy material may be selected from, for example, one or more of methylene chloride, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, methanol, ethanol, and water. In general, the solvent should adequately dissolve, disperse, or suspend whichever waxy material or materials is selected.
- the seal coat may include suitable polymers, such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyvinyl pynolidone, methacrylic acid copolymers and the like.
- the film forming coat or agents may include one or more of ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl phthalate, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate trimelliatate, cellulose acetate phthalate, waxes such as polyethylene glycol, and methacrylic acid polymers such as Eudragit® RL and RS.
- the film forming layer or agents may be commercially available coating compositions including film-forming polymers marketed under various trade names, such as Opadry®. Film forming layers generally are provided for achieving a smooth surface and better appearance. Seal layer generally are applied to separate two incompatible layers, provide protection from moisture, etc. In general, the film forming layers and the seal layers may be the same or similar polymers used in different combinations or concentrations.
- the other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients as used herein include surfactants, binders, diluents, disintegrants, lubricants, glidants, plasticizers, stabilizers and coloring agents.
- Suitable surfactants include one or more of non-ionic and ionic (i.e., cationic, anionic and Zwitterionic) surfactants suitable for use in pharmaceutical compositions.
- suitable surfactants include non-ionic surfactants such as mono fatty acid esters of polyoxyethylene sorbitan (e.g., polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80), polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Tween 60), polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20)); anionic surfactants (e.g., sodium lauryl sulfate); polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives (e.g., polyoxyethyleneglycerol triiricinoleate or polyoxyl 35 castor oil (Cremophor EL)); and Vitamin E TPGS (d-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate).
- non-ionic surfactants such as mono fatty acid esters of polyoxyethylene
- surfactants include polyethoxylated fatty acids and their derivatives (e.g., polyethylene glycol 400 distearate, polyethylene glycol - 20 dioleate, polyethylene glycol 4-150 mono dilaurate, and polyethylene glycol - 20 glyceryl stearate); alcohol - oil transesterification products (e.g., polyethylene glycol - 6 corn oil); polyglycerized fatty acids (e.g., polyglyceryl - 6 pentaoleate); propylene glycol fatty acid esters (e.g., propylene glycol monocaprylate); mono and diglycerides (e.g., glyceryl ricinoleate); sterol and sterol derivatives; sorbitan fatty acid esters and their derivatives (e.g., polyethylene glycol - 20 sorbitan monooleate and sorbitan monolaurate); polyethylene glycol alkyl ether or phenols (e.g., poly
- Suitable binders include one or more of methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyvinylpynolidone, gelatin, gum arabic, ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, pullulan, pregelatinized starch, agar, tragacanth, sodium alginate, propylene glycol, and the like.
- Suitable diluents include one or more of calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate- dibasic, calcium phosphate-tribasic, calcium sulfate, microcrystalline cellulose, silicified microcrystalline cellulose, cellulose powdered, dextrates, dextrins, dextrose excipients, fructose, kaolin, lactitol, lactose, mannitol, sorbitol, starch, starch pregelatinized, sucrose, sugar compressible, sugar confectioners and mixtures thereof.
- Suitable disintegrants include one or more of starch, croscarmellose, crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate and the like.
- Suitable lubricants and glidants include one or more of colloidal anhydrous silica, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, talc, hydrogenated caster oil, sucrose esters of fatty acid, microcrystalline wax, yellow beeswax, white beeswax and the like.
- Suitable plasticizers include one or more of polyethylene glycol, triethyl citrate, triacetin, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl sebacate and the like.
- Suitable stabilizers include one or more of antioxidants, buffers, acids and the like.
- Suitable coloring agents include any FDA approved colors for oral use.
- the improved multiple unit systems described herein can be applied to most classes of drugs and most individual drugs. For example, two particular drugs that would benefit from an improved modified release multiple unit system are venlafaxine and glipizide.
- Venlafaxine is a potent inhibitor of neuronal serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake and is a weak inhibitor of dopamine reuptake. It is widely indicated for the treatment of depression and generalized anxiety disorder.
- the term "venlafaxine" as used herein includes venlafaxine base as well as any pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable venlafaxine salts include venlafaxine hydrochloride.
- the venlafaxine layer weight may constitute from about 15% to about 75% of the total tablet weight.
- Venlafaxine has been administered in the form of immediate release compressed tablets in doses ranging from 75 to 350 mg/day, in divided doses, two to three times a day.
- Such therapeutic dosing leads to wide fluctuations in the blood plasma levels of venlafaxine, with high concentrations at one extreme leading to severe side effects, such as nausea and/or vomiting shortly after administration, and less than therapeutic levels at the other extreme.
- requiring frequent administration of the drug e.g., two to three doses per day
- Most of these problems associated with frequent dosing can be overcome by formulating controlled or extended release dosage forms of venlafaxine.
- Venlafaxine hydrochloride is available as an extended release, once per day capsule which is marketed by Wyeth under the trade name Effexor® XR. This capsule appears to be described in U.S. Patent No. 6,274,171, which discloses an extended release formulation of venlafaxine hydrochloride that includes spheroids of venlafaxine hydrochloride, microcrystalline cellulose, and optional hydroxypropyl methylcellulose coated with a mixture of ethylcellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. These film- coated spheroids are filled into capsules. However, these capsules suffer from a limitation that only a small number of coated beads or pellets can be put into a capsule of appropriate size that is convenient to swallow. Hence, there still exists a need for better controlled- release dosage forms of venlafaxine hydrochloride.
- Glipizide is an oral blood glucose-lowering drug and is indicated as an adjunct to diet for the control of hyperglycemia and its associated symptoms in patients with non- insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Glipizide stimulates secretion of insulin from the beta cells of pancreatic islet tissue and also exhibits extra-pancreatic action, including the ability to increase the number of insulin receptors.
- glipizide is N-[2-[4- [[[(cyclohexylamino)carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]phenyl] ethyl]-5-methylpyrazine carboxamide.
- Glipizide is a white, odorless powder with a pKa of 5.9, and is insoluble in both water and alcohol.
- Glipizide is available in the form of extended release oral tablets from Pfizer and is marketed under the trade name Glucotrol® XL.
- the extended release tablets are an osmotic drug delivery device that is based on push-pull technology.
- the delivery device includes a bi-layered core tablet that is coated with a semipermeable membrane having an orifice drilled on the coat for release of glipizide.
- the bilayered core tablet consists of a glipizide layer and a push layer of swellable polymers. When placed in dissolution media or gastrointestinal fluid, the device absorbs water through the semipermeable membrane, which leads to a swelling of the polymers in the push layer. This exerts a physical force on the drug layer forcing it out of the device through the orifice.
- the glipizide layer of the pellets includes glipizide with or without other one or more of the pharmaceutically inert excipients described above.
- this layer also may contain buffering agents. Buffers are used to maintain the pH of the glipizide layer and/or local environment surrounding the controlled release particles above to thereby aid in dissolution of glipizide in the dissolution media or gastrointestinal fluids.
- the buffering agents may be applied as an aqueous or non-aqueous solution or dispersion of drug in water/organic solvent, or mixtures thereof.
- Suitable buffering agents include one or more of dibasic sodium phosphate, sodium ascorbate, meglumine, sodium citrate trimethanolamine, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, ammonia, tertiary sodium phosphate, diethanolamine, ethylenediamine, and L-lysine.
- the inventors have developed improved multiple unit, controlled release tablets of venlafaxine that advantageously (1) can be administered in one half tablet or one half dosage and (2) can be prepared with a large amount of drug by compressing into a tablet of acceptable size that is easy to swallow.
- the controlled release tablet disintegrates rapidly into individual coated pellets of venlafaxine, which are dispersed into gastric fluid. Venlafaxine then is released in a controlled manner over a prolonged period of time from the individual coated pellets.
- Use of small controlled release coated pellets i.e., units) decreases the chances of dose dumping and the performance of the units is also largely independent of gastric emptying time.
- the improved multiple unit, controlled release tablet of venlafaxine can be prepared by processes known in the relevant art, e.g., comminuting, mixing, granulating, sizing, filling, molding, spraying, immersing, coating, compressing, etc.
- improved, multiple unit, controlled release tablets of venlafaxine can be prepared by coating inert pellets or cores with one or more venlafaxine layers which are further coated with a controlled release polymer layer.
- the controlled release layer and/or venlafaxine layer may also be coated with a waxy layer to form the individual units.
- these coated pellets or cores, or the units may be blended with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and compressed into suitably sized, multiple unit tablets.
- the improved, multiple unit, controlled release tablets of venlafaxine can be prepared by coating inert pellets or cores with a single layer of venlafaxine and controlled release polymer.
- the single layer of venlafaxine and polymer may be coated with a waxy layer to form the individual units.
- these coated pellets or cores, or the units may be blended with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and compressed into suitably sized, multiple unit tablets.
- the coating layers over the inert pellets or cores, or over the tablet may be applied as a solution or dispersion of coating ingredients using any conventional technique known in the prior art, such as spray coating in a conventional coating pan or fluidized bed processor, dip coating, and the like.
- the layers over the inert pellet or core may be applied using a hot melt technique.
- the pellets or cores may be coated with one or more additional layers comprising film forming or sealing agents and/or pharmaceutically acceptable excipients between the above layers, over any of the layers, or over the inert pellet or core.
- the multiple unit tablets also may be further coated, if desired.
- these additional coating layers over the tablet may comprise the active pharmaceutical ingredient (e.g., venlafaxine, glipizide) for immediate release.
- These layers may comprise film forming or sealing agents with or without other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
- Venlafaxine was dissolved in water and colloidal silica and then magnesium stearate and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose were added under stirring.
- Non-pareil seeds were loaded in a Glatt Wurster column and coated with the drug dispersion of Step 1.
- the drug coated pellets of Step 2 were coated with a mixture of ethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose dissolved in a mixture of isopropyl alcohol and methylene chloride. 4. The coated pellets of Step 3 then were coated with a solution of PEG 6000 in methylene chloride.
- the compressed tablets prepared according to Example 1 had an acceptable hardness of about 7-13 Kp and disintegration times of about five minutes.
- Table 1 illustrates the comparative release patterns in vitro for modified release multiple units and tablets prepared according to Example 1.
- Venlafaxine was dissolved in water and colloidal silica and then magnesium stearate and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose were added under stirring.
- Non-pareil seeds were loaded in a Glatt Wurster column and coated with the drug dispersion of Step 1.
- the drug coated pellets of Step 2 were coated with a mixture of ethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose that was dissolved in a mixture of isopropyl alcohol and methylene chloride. 4. The coated pellets of Step 3 then were coated with a solution of PEG 6000 in methylene chloride.
- the compressed tablets prepared according to Example 2 had an acceptable hardness of about 7-13 Kp and disintegration times of about five minutes.
- Table 2 illustrates the comparative release patterns in vitro for modified release multiple units and tablets prepared according to Example 2.
- Tables 3a and 3b illustrate the comparative release patterns in vitro for modified release multiple units and tablets, respectively, prepared according to Example 3.
- Table 3a In vitro release pattern of modified release multiple units using USP apparatus - II, at 50 rpm and pH 7.5
- a solution of venlafaxine hydrochloride was prepared in water. Colloidal silica, magnesium stearate and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose were added to the solution under stirring to form a uniform dispersion.
- Non pareil seeds were loaded in a Glatt Wurster column and coated with the drug dispersion of Step 1.
- the venlafaxine coated pellets of Step 2 then were coated with a solution of ethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose that was dissolved in a mixture of isopropyl alcohol and methylene chloride.
- coated pellets were blended with silicified microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol 6000, and crospovidone; lubricated with magnesium stearate; and compressed into suitably sized tablets.
- venlafaxine hydrochloride tablets prepared as per the composition of Examples 4 and 5 were evaluated with respect to the Effexor® XR 150mg capsules in 11 healthy male volunteers under fasting condition.
- the study protocol followed was open randomized 3 treatment, 3 period, 6 sequence cross over study with a wash out period of at least 5 days. Blood samples were collected at appropriate time intervals over a period of 48 hours and venlafaxine content analyzed using a validated inhouse LCMS - MS method.
- the controlled release tablets produced demonstrated comparable extent of absorption when compared to the reference Effexor® XR. It is within the skill of one ordinary skill in the art to develop a product with matching C max and AUC 0-t with respect to the reference product.
- the controlled release tablets can provide therapeutic blood concentrations of venlafaxine over a period of at least twenty four hours.
- Examples 8 and 9, described below, provide additional examples of controlled release, multiple unit formulations of glipizide that deliver glipizide over twenty four hours. In contrast to Example 3 of a glipizide formulation having a waxy layer, these glipizide examples have the rate controlling polymer layer but not the waxy layer.
- Table 8 illustrates the comparative release patterns in vitro for the controlled release multiple units prepared according to example 8.
- Table 9 illustrates the comparative release patterns in vitro for controlled release multiple units prepared according to Example 9.
- Tables 8 and 9 indicate that controlled release, multiple unit systems of glipizide can be prepared that can provide therapeutic blood concentrations of glipizide over a period of at least twenty four hours.
- the waxy layer can, for example, affect the release of the units, or a mixture of a waxy material and a functional material, such as an active pharmaceutical ingredient or a functional pharmaceutical excipient.
- the mixture of waxy material and active pharmaceutical ingredients may provide an immediate release of the active pharmaceutical ingredient in the mixture.
- the waxy layer can be designed based on, for example, thickness or material to impart rate controlling properties to the units or pellets.
- the improved multiple unit systems also generally are intended for application to any active pharmaceutical ingredient and provide advantages to those that are primarily formulated as a capsule and or are problematic to prepare as a tablet.
- the multiple unit systems can be prepared as a tablet, capsule, or sachet that includes a core and a coating of a waxy material.
- the core can consist of one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients and those pharmaceutically acceptable excipients necessary to form the core.
- the coating of waxy material allows the coated cores (i.e., units) to be compress as a tablet or filled into a capsule or sachet.
- the dosage form can be immediate release.
- the dosage form can be an extended release.
- the dosage form also can be made from a mixture of immediate release and extended release units to provide immediate and extended release of the one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients.
- Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of venlafaxine and glipizide may be used in the dosage forms, tablets, and capsules described herein.
- Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of venlafaxine and glipizide include mineral acid salts such as hydrochloride, hydroiodide, hydroflouride, sulphate, etc.; organic acid salts such as citrate, maleate, tartarate, etc.; and organosulphonic acid salts such as mesylate, besylate, tosylate, etc.
- the improved multiple unit systems can be used to deliver combination drug products, such as combinations of atorvastatin and amlodipine, metformin and glipizide, simvastatin and ramipril, simvastatin and amlodipine, metformin XL and glipizide XL, ramipril and atorvastatin, ramipril and amlodipine, metformin XL and glimiperide, fosinopril and amlodipine.
- combination drug products can be produced by separately forming individual units of each active pharmaceutical ingredient and then combining them into tablets, capsules, or sachets in a subsequent production step.
- each of the active pharmaceutical ingredients can be fabricated to separately optimize the release of that active ingredient and then the final dosage form can be produced that has the desired ratio of each of the active ingredients.
- One or both of each of the active ingredients can be formed as units of one or more of an immediate release, a controlled release, a modified release, a delayed release, or an extended release form.
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- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention concerne de nouveaux systèmes à unités multiples et à libération modifiée, ainsi que des procédés de préparation de ces systèmes. Lesdits systèmes peuvent être facilement conditionnés sous forme de comprimés, ou en capsules ou sachets, sans que les caractéristiques de libération désirées des ingrédients actifs pharmaceutiques incorporés dans ces systèmes en soient affectées. Le comprimé à unités multiples comprend plusieurs unités. Chaque unité contient au moins un noyau possédant une surface extérieure, une première couche de revêtement entourant au moins une partie de la surface extérieure du noyau et possédant une surface extérieure, un ou plusieurs polymères de contrôle du taux de libération, ainsi qu'un ou plusieurs ingrédients pharmaceutiques actifs. La couche de revêtement contient ce ou ces ingrédients pharmaceutiques actifs et/ou ce ou ces polymères de contrôle du taux de libération. Ledit comprimé peut comporter également une couche extérieure appliquée sur la surface extérieure de l'unité, cette couche extérieure contenant une matière élastique et/ou compressible pouvant être une matière de type cire, telle que des polyéthylèneglycols (PEG).
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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IN706DE2002 | 2002-06-07 | ||
INDE07062002 | 2002-06-07 | ||
IN1511DE2002 | 2002-11-15 | ||
INDE15112002 | 2002-11-15 | ||
IN603DE2003 | 2003-03-06 | ||
INDE06032003 | 2003-03-06 | ||
PCT/IB2003/002186 WO2003103637A2 (fr) | 2002-01-10 | 2003-06-09 | Systemes d'administration de medicaments a unites multiples et a liberation modifiee |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1545473A2 true EP1545473A2 (fr) | 2005-06-29 |
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ID=34556827
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03735864A Withdrawn EP1545473A2 (fr) | 2002-06-07 | 2003-06-09 | Systemes d'administration de medicaments a unites multiples et a liberation modifiee |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1545473A2 (fr) |
-
2003
- 2003-06-09 EP EP03735864A patent/EP1545473A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO03103637A3 * |
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