EP1523223B1 - Radiant heating system and use thereof - Google Patents

Radiant heating system and use thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1523223B1
EP1523223B1 EP04090372A EP04090372A EP1523223B1 EP 1523223 B1 EP1523223 B1 EP 1523223B1 EP 04090372 A EP04090372 A EP 04090372A EP 04090372 A EP04090372 A EP 04090372A EP 1523223 B1 EP1523223 B1 EP 1523223B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiator
heating system
radiant heating
structures
heat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP04090372A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1523223A3 (en
EP1523223A2 (en
Inventor
Dietmar Löwe
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Osterwitz Karl-Heinz
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Osterwitz Karl-Heinz
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE2003143860 external-priority patent/DE10343860A1/en
Priority claimed from DE2003143859 external-priority patent/DE10343859A1/en
Priority claimed from DE20314654U external-priority patent/DE20314654U1/en
Priority claimed from DE20314653U external-priority patent/DE20314653U1/en
Application filed by Osterwitz Karl-Heinz filed Critical Osterwitz Karl-Heinz
Publication of EP1523223A2 publication Critical patent/EP1523223A2/en
Publication of EP1523223A3 publication Critical patent/EP1523223A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1523223B1 publication Critical patent/EP1523223B1/en
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24CDOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C7/00Stoves or ranges heated by electric energy
    • F24C7/04Stoves or ranges heated by electric energy with heat radiated directly from the heating element
    • F24C7/043Stoves
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/0033Heating devices using lamps
    • H05B3/009Heating devices using lamps heating devices not specially adapted for a particular application
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/28Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/009Heaters using conductive material in contact with opposing surfaces of the resistive element or resistive layer
    • H05B2203/01Heaters comprising a particular structure with multiple layers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/032Heaters specially adapted for heating by radiation heating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system radiation element with heat-radiating film and its use for stationary and mobile use in the private and commercial sector according to the features of claim 1.
  • a device for heating frozen soil by means of rod-shaped electron tubes which use magnetic energy is used according to US 4,590,348 used in the ground. Microwaves are emitted into the ground, causing thawing of frozen soil.
  • a heating element is after US 4,469,936 known, in which an insulating substrate carries a coating of a ceramic material.
  • the ceramic composition consists for example of a binder and aluminum powder. Brushing makes the surface of the coating electrically conductive. The heating effect is caused by the current flowing through the electrically conductive layer with corresponding heating resistor.
  • the US 2003/0116559 A1 describes a thin-film heating element in which a conductive ink is printed on a substrate, dried and sintered, wherein a sheet resistance between 10 and 1000 ⁇ / sq. is sought.
  • a frame carries a plurality of substrates, which are coated with a thin film and connected by means of electrodes to a voltage source.
  • the invention has for its object to propose a compact both stationary and mobile deployable system radiation element, which can be used as a heat source for the heating of rooms, land, water and air vehicles, technical devices, commercial and industrial plants, in agriculture and horticulture is.
  • a high efficiency for the electrical energy used is to be achieved.
  • the system radiation element should, if necessary, be combined with the heat transport option, convection.
  • the most varied possible uses of a system radiation element to be proposed are to be clarified with this invention.
  • the aforementioned object is achieved by proposing a system radiation element with heat-radiating films, wherein at least one heat-radiating film is integrated in a radiator structure and at least two heat-radiating films are arranged opposite at least in a part of their heat-radiating region.
  • These at least partially opposing foils form a heat source, which are arranged in a housing or suitable device with openings for the emission of radiant heat and convection heat.
  • the heat source consists of at least two radiator structures.
  • the heat radiating foils in the radiator structures are in a frame with corresponding spacers to each other at a distance of at least 3 mm or arranged in a larger, each divisible by three distance and secured to the housing via brackets.
  • An emitter structure with the at least one heat-radiating film furthermore consists of one or more carrier plates and of one or more insulations or laminations. Opposite or alternatively parallel to this emitter structure is arranged at least one further such emitter assembly, which likewise consists of one or more carrier plates, one or more consists of several insulation or laminations and at least one heat-radiating film.
  • radiator structures it is within the scope of the invention to arrange at least one of the radiator structures over the entire surface or partially a reflector.
  • a reflector is mounted in the outer region of a radiator assembly in order to achieve a reflection of the heat radiation emitted by the films in one direction.
  • the reflector between a radiator foil and a layer of insulation or lamination or between a layer of insulation or lamination and a support plate may be arranged.
  • this modified arrangement of the reflector is on the reflector one or both sides apply an adhesive layer between the layers. It is also within the scope of the invention to replace an insulation or lamination by a corresponding reflector with adhesive layer to be applied.
  • the heat source which consists of at least two radiator structures with heat-radiating foils disposed therein, forms with a housing or a suitable support structure, in which the heat source is arranged, the system radiating element according to the invention.
  • the heat radiation emitted by the films is released from the housing or the suitable support structure over openings arranged over a large area. Since the heat-radiating foils are arranged opposite one another and thus at least partially irradiate one another, self-heating of the heat source within the housing or in the direction of the support structure also arises. This generated by self-heating heat is released as convection heat in the surrounding space.
  • the support plates of the radiation structures are preferably metal plates, which may consist of steel or aluminum sheet.
  • the carrier plates can be provided on one or both sides with a ceramic coating.
  • On a support plate is an insulation or lamination, which consists of heat-resistant alkyd resin or an oil-containing paint or epoxy resin coating or heat-resistant other insulating coatings and the whole area receives a heat-radiating film.
  • This film consists of a graphite-soot film or other commercially available heat-radiating films and has an upper and lower or right and left or central and peripheral good conductive contact for the power supply. These contacts are preferably arranged in a striped band over a large area over the heat-radiating films.
  • At least one radiator assembly consisting of support plate, insulation or lamination and heat-radiating film is provided with a reflector.
  • Suitable reflectors are aluminum foils, mirror foils, glass, glass granules.
  • the insulation or laminations can also be omitted if appropriate good insulating adhesive between the layers of the radiator structures are used.
  • a system radiation element according to the invention with one or more heat sources arranged therein and these in turn consisting of at least two radiator structures is connected to an electrical power supply, electrical energy is converted into radiant energy via the heat-radiating films.
  • the advantage of the structural design in the system radiation element is a considerable energy saving by increasing the efficiency over conventional electric heaters.
  • the device according to the invention enables a mobile and stationary use. It saves the large-scale attachment of films on ceilings, walls and other room coverings and also uses over large-area film heaters in particular the heat radiation, which is not radiated in large-area film heaters in the desired room, but in the back walls.
  • radiator assemblies also cylindrical in a spaced-apart and defined spaced order or the radiator assemblies to plan and concave opposite each other and defined spaced or planar and convex to each other and defined spaced to arrange. It is also conceivable to arrange individual emitter assemblies mutually convex or concave opposite each other and defined spaced.
  • the system radiation element according to the invention can be used as space heating for private and commercial use for heating solid, liquid and gaseous bodies and media, for thawing frozen substances and media, and for keeping ice structures, constructions and surfaces free of ice. From these applications arise numerous combinations, in particular from the geometric design of the heat sources, the energy supply and power consumption, the surface design and layer arrangement within the radiator structures and the locking of variously shaped heat sources to known support structures for the construction of a system radiation element.
  • FIG. 1 shows a system radiation element with predominantly unilateral heat radiation, comprising a housing 1 with heat source 3 arranged therein, an emission opening 10 , as well as an upper convection opening 11 and a lower convection opening 12 .
  • the arranged in the housing 1 heat source 3 consists of at least two radiator assemblies 15; 16.
  • Such a system radiation element with predominantly unilateral heat radiation is shown schematically in simplified form in FIG. 2 in vertical section.
  • a frame 2 is arranged, which receives in its upper and lower region via corresponding spacers a first radiator assembly 15 and a second radiator assembly 16 as a heat source 3 .
  • the frame 2 with mutually parallel radiator structures 15; 16 is attached via brackets 4 on the housing 1 .
  • the housing 1 has on one side a large area an emission opening 10 .
  • a lower convection opening 12 and in the upper part of the housing 1, an upper convection opening 11 is inserted.
  • Heat source 3 receives in its frame 2, the first radiator assembly 15 and the second radiator assembly 16 .
  • the first radiator assembly 15 is spaced from the second radiator assembly 16 by a gap 14 of 3mm, 6mm or 9mm, the gap 14 being formed, as already mentioned, by spacers disposed on the frame 2.
  • the second radiator structure 16 differs from the first radiator structure 15 in that a reflector 13 is arranged on the side of the second radiator structure 16 on the side facing the housing wall.
  • the reflector 13 extends over the entire surface over the outwardly directed surface of the second radiator assembly 16 .
  • the schematic layer structure is shown in simplified form in FIG.
  • the emission opening 10 is visible as a section.
  • Behind the first radiator assembly 15 consisting of a first support plate 6 , a first insulation or lamination 9 and a first radiator film 8 is arranged.
  • the gap 14 connects. This spaces the first radiator assembly 15 16 from the second radiator structure
  • the second radiator assembly 16 consists of a second radiator foil 17, a second insulation or lamination 18, a second supporting plate 19 and a reflector. 13
  • the reflector 13 between the second radiator film 17 and second insulation or lamination 18 or between the second insulation or lamination 18 and the second support plate 19 may be arranged.
  • this modified arrangement of the reflector 13 is switched between the layers or applied to both sides of the reflector 13, an adhesive layer. It is also within the scope of the invention to replace the second insulation or lamination 18 with a corresponding reflector with an adhesive layer to be applied.
  • the first radiator foil 8 and the second radiator foil 17 are supplied with electrical current via contacts 7 .
  • the contacts 7 are strip-band, in each case over the entire width or height of the radiator sheets 8 and 17 above and below or left and right.
  • the housing 1 may according to this embodiment have the size and shape of conventional electric radiator and is preferably made of metal.
  • the emission opening 10 as well as the upper convection opening 11 and the lower convection opening 12 are customary radiant heat or ready-to-use heat well-conducting grid openings.
  • the arranged in the housing 1 frame 2 is surrounded with insulation.
  • the first support plate 6 is a metal plate, preferably made of steel or aluminum sheet and may additionally be provided on the side facing the emission opening 10 with a ceramic coating.
  • the space 14 facing side of the first support plate 6 is coated with a first insulation or lamination 9 .
  • This consists of a heat resistant for the required temperature range alkyd resin or an oil-containing paint or an epoxy resin coating or heat-resistant insulating coatings. In this embodiment, it is assumed that heating of the heat source 3 in a temperature range of 80 ° C to 130 ° C.
  • the first insulation or lamination 9 may also consist of a heat-resistant adhesive. On the first insulation or lamination 9 , the first radiator film 8 is applied over the entire surface. This consists of a graphite-soot film structure with an upper and lower contact 7 ( Figure 3) for the power supply.
  • the graphite-soot film structure may already be provided with a commercial insulation or lamination, so that an additional insulation or lamination 9 can be omitted.
  • the adjoining the first radiator film 8 intermediate space 14 is in this embodiment, a closed space, which is formed by the first radiator film 8 and the second radiator film 17 and the frame 2 arranged spacers.
  • the spacers (not shown in the figures) consist either of electrically non-conductive parts of the frame 2 or are components of the metallic frame 2 , in which case the horizontally and vertically encircling spacers to the first radiator foil 8 and the second radiator foil 17 or to their contacts. 7 are well insulated.
  • the second radiator assembly 16 consisting of a second radiator film 17 , a second insulation or lamination 18 , a second support plate 19 and a reflector 13 connects.
  • the reflector 13 is made of a reflective material. Suitable reflectors are aluminum foils, mirror foils, glass, glass granules and the like.
  • a second insulation or lamination 18 of alkyd resin or an oil-containing paint or an epoxy resin coating instead of a second insulation or lamination 18 of alkyd resin or an oil-containing paint or an epoxy resin coating to use a second support plate 19 with a correspondingly insulating adhesive.
  • a second support plate can then be used, for example, a knobbed aluminum plate. In this case, can be dispensed with the reflector 13 .
  • the first radiator assembly 15 and the second radiator assembly 16 are connected via the respective contacts 7 to an electrical power supply, via the two radiator sheets 8; 17 a very strong heat radiation in the intermediate space 14 and through the first radiator assembly 15 in the direction of the radiating 10th Since the system radiation element described in this exemplary embodiment has a reflector 13 as the outer component of the second radiator structure 16 , the heat radiation is predominantly carried out by the one radiating openings 10 .
  • the heat radiation of the first and second radiator assemblies 15; 16 also leads to a self-heating of the entire system radiation element. This resulting heat is delivered as convective heat with appropriate air circulation through the lower convection opening 12 via the upper convection 11 in the room to be heated.
  • the advantage of the structural design of the system radiation element described in this example consists in a considerable energy saving by increasing the efficiency compared to conventional electric heaters.
  • the device according to the invention enables a mobile and stationary use. It saves the large-scale installation of films on ceilings, walls and floors and uses over large-area film heaters in particular, the heat radiation, which does not radiate in large areas of film heaters in the desired room, but in the back walls.
  • Example 1 For the structure of a system radiation element described in Example 1, it is proposed according to this exemplary embodiment, the housing 1 according to FIG. 2a on the emission opening 10 opposite inside to be provided with a reflector 13 . Such a system radiation element is likewise provided-as described in Example 1-for a heat dissipation to be emitted predominantly in one direction.
  • the heat source 3 consists of a first radiator assembly 15 and a mirror-like arranged further radiator assembly 15 a .
  • the rest of the design and construction of the system radiation element is substantially similar to the description of Example 1.
  • Example 1 For the structure of a system radiation element described in Example 1, it is proposed, as shown in FIG. 4, according to this exemplary embodiment, to provide the housing 1 with emission openings 10 on both sides, ie in the front and rear faces. Such a system radiation element is then provided for installation in a room in which a heat radiation to at least two sides is desired.
  • a reflector 13 - as it is arranged according to Example 1 in the second radiator assembly 16 - is omitted according to this embodiment.
  • the first support plate 6 and / or the second support plate 19 are provided with a ceramic coating.
  • a further radiator structure 15 a is arranged inside the heat source 3 mirror-like to the first radiator structure 15 . The heat radiation takes place over the two radiating openings 10 over a large area over the longest sides of the housing first
  • a system radiation element with a heat radiation to at least two sides is proposed.
  • the heat source 3 arranged therein consists of a first radiator assembly 15 and a smaller radiator assembly 15b .
  • This smaller radiator assembly 15b may have a smaller surface area than the radiator assembly 15 in both its vertical and horizontal dimensions.
  • a different heat radiation takes place.
  • the smaller radiator assembly 15b heats up approximately twice compared to the first radiator assembly 15.
  • a system radiating element according to this embodiment can also be provided with a reflector 13 on the first radiator assembly 15 and / or on the smaller radiator assembly 15b .
  • the system radiation element according to the invention is a column heater.
  • a plurality of individual system radiation elements 22 are arranged around an existing structure, for example a column 23 , as shown in FIG. 6 in a schematic horizontal section. These each have, in a defined geometric arrangement, a first radiator assembly 15 and a further radiator assembly 15a .
  • the arrangement of the radiator structures 15; 15a is shown at an acute angle to each other in FIG.
  • Other geometrical arrangements are conceivable and are within the scope of the invention.
  • the described radiator assemblies 15b and 16 may find application within the single system radiating element 22 .
  • FIG 7 is simplified a partial plan view and a partial section through a system radiation element 24 of cubic shape shown.
  • a radiation opening 10 can be seen.
  • the cubic system radiation element 24 are each a second radiator assembly 16 with reflector 13 - as described in Example 1 - arranged on the four vertical sides.
  • This type of space heating with a radiation predominantly on the emission opening 10 upwards may alternatively depending on the intended use with first radiator assemblies 15 , ie without reflector 13 , are equipped so that a predominant heat radiation occurs horizontally and up mainly convection in the heated Room is delivered.
  • radiator structures 15 can be combined with radiator structures 16, radiator structures 15a and 15b smaller radiator structures.
  • the reflectors 13 can be mounted externally or internally, depending on the intended use.
  • FIG. 1 Another application of the system radiation element according to the invention is seen in refrigeration.
  • a section through a rectifier 47 with a jacket of a system radiation element is shown in FIG.
  • a cooling system In the operation of a cooling system are in known Way z. B. water and ammonia from a reservoir via a control device in a rectifier 47 and brought to boil by supplying heat. The resulting expelled NH 3 vapor is deposited in the condenser and the resulting liquid is strongly cooled by relaxing in an evaporator to produce the desired cooling effect.
  • the basic idea of the use according to the invention of the system radiation element in refrigeration technology is that radiation of electromagnetic waves takes place via a radiator structure 48 and a radiator structure 49 on or around the rectifier 47 .
  • the radiator assembly 48 is surrounded by an outer jacket in the form of a reflector 50 .
  • the radiator structures 48 and 49 are supplied with electrical energy via the supply lines 51 , ie the system radiating element is activated and the radiated electromagnetic waves boil water and ammonia by selectively using electrical energy.
  • the demand for electrical energy can be significantly reduced.
  • FIG. 9 shows a plano-concave basic element of a heat source for a system radiation element in vertical section.
  • a frame 35 is attached and this frame 35 takes, as in the previous examples, radiator assemblies 33b; 33c of the type of radiator assembly 15 .
  • the radiator structure 33b is arranged in a planar manner in the frame 35
  • the radiator structure 33c is arranged concavely in the frame 35 .
  • the radiator structures 33b; 33c are in turn spaced at the frame 35 locked so that a gap 52 is formed.
  • a reflector 53 is arranged on the frame 35 or on a housing.
  • the heat radiation takes place accordingly - as can be seen in FIG. 9 - predominantly in the direction of the arrow.
  • a device is used for small-area irradiation of surfaces and objects, such as thawing of frozen water pipes or frozen soil layers application.
  • a heat source as already described in the previous examples - on the brackets 44 with a Power connected and installed in a housing to a system radiation element.
  • cross-shaped basic elements of a system radiation element are shown in horizontal section.
  • the cross-shaped arranged basic elements or heat sources consist of emitter assemblies 33 of type 15 , but can also accommodate depending on the desired use emitter assemblies 16 with a reflector.
  • This application form is superficially used as Jardinheizelement, wherein from the housing 54 in the emission of the radiator 33 radiant heat in the surrounding space through corresponding openings in the housing 54 and upper openings in the housing 54 convection heat is discharged into the surrounding space.
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 each show a partial section through the front region of an aircraft wing.
  • a plano-convex heat source with a reflector as a system radiation element is arranged in the front region of a support surface
  • a cylindrical heat source with a reflector is arranged as a system radiation element.
  • Example 1 the construction of a heat source with and without a reflector was explained with reference to two design variants of heat sources. If one transfers this layer structure correspondingly modified to FIG. 11, the radiator structure 55 corresponds to the radiator structure 15 from Example 1 and the radiator structure 56 corresponds to the radiator structure 16 from Example 1, wherein the reflector 57 is connected directly to the radiator structure 56 or separately in conjunction with FIG the wing construction can be arranged.
  • the heat radiation takes place, as can be seen from FIG. 11, into the particularly icing-prone front sections of the hollow or shell body constructions of an airfoil.
  • FIG. 1 Another embodiment provides a cylindrical heat source.
  • FIG. 1 are cylindrical intermeshed radiator structures 58; 59 arranged.
  • the radiator structures 58; 59 correspond to the radiator assembly 15 of Example 1.
  • the heat radiating sheets can optionally in the outer or inner region of the respective cylindrical radiator structures 58; 59 may be arranged so that a heat radiation with different intensity can be done.
  • the reflector 60 prevents heat radiation in the wing construction and thus causes a higher concentration of heat radiation in the particularly icing prone fronts.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Greenhouses (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The mobile heating panel has a front panel (10) with perforations and ventilation slots (11,12) for convected heat. Two electromagnetically energised sheet heaters (15,16) are built on a reflecting surface (13) with a support sheets (6,19) and insulation sheet (9,18) radiation sheets (8,17).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Systemstrahlungselement mit wärmeabstrahlender Folie und dessen Verwendung für den stationären und mobilen Einsatz im privaten und gewerblichen Bereich nach den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a system radiation element with heat-radiating film and its use for stationary and mobile use in the private and commercial sector according to the features of claim 1.

Es sind zahlreiche Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Erwärmung von Körpern und Medien über Wärmeleitung, Konvektion und über Temperaturstrahlung bekannt. So wird in der DE 44 30 582 C2 eine Vorrichtung zur Erwärmung eines Materials, das eine molekulare Eigenfrequenz aufweist, beschrieben. Mit einem Strahler, mit dem eine elektromagnetische Strahlung mit einer Frequenz abstrahlbar ist, die in der Größenordnung der molekularen Eigenfrequenz des für eine Erwärmung in den Strahlungsbereich des Strahlers einbringbaren Materials ist, erfolgt eine Raumerwärmung. Der Strahler ist großflächig ausgebildet, mit elektrischen Zuleitungen versehen, die beabstandet parallel zueinander angeordnet sind. Das Verfahren soll auf dem Prinzip beruhen, dass in dem angestrahlten und zu erwärmenden Material eine Resonanz der molekularen Eigenschwingungen erzeugt wird.Numerous methods and devices for heating bodies and media via heat conduction, convection and over temperature radiation are known. So will in the DE 44 30 582 C2 a device for heating a material having a molecular intrinsic frequency is described. With a radiator, with which an electromagnetic radiation can be emitted with a frequency which is of the order of the molecular intrinsic frequency of the material which can be introduced into the radiation area of the radiator for heating, space heating takes place. The radiator is formed over a large area, provided with electrical leads, which are spaced apart parallel to each other. The method should be based on the principle that in the illuminated and to be heated material, a resonance of the molecular oscillations is generated.

Weiterhin ist eine Heizung mittels Parabolstrahler aus der US 4,434,345 A bekannt, die als Frostschutzeinrichtung, insbesondere für Pflanzen Verwendung findet, wobei ein solcher Parabolstrahler direkt auf die Pflanzen gerichtet wird.Furthermore, a heater by means of parabolic radiator from the US 4,434,345 A known, which is used as an antifreeze, especially for plants use, such a parabolic radiator is directed to the plants.

Eine Vorrichtung zur Aufheizung von gefrorenem Boden mittels stabförmiger Elektronenröhren, die magnetische Energie verwenden (Magnetronsonden), wird gemäß US 4,590,348 A in den Boden eingesetzt. Mikrowellen werden in den Boden abgestrahlt und bewirken somit ein Auftauen von gefrorenem Boden.A device for heating frozen soil by means of rod-shaped electron tubes which use magnetic energy (magnetron probes) is used according to US 4,590,348 used in the ground. Microwaves are emitted into the ground, causing thawing of frozen soil.

Weiterhin ist ein Heizelement nach US 4,469,936 bekannt, bei dem ein isolierendes Substrat eine Beschichtung aus einer Keramikmasse trägt. Die Keramikmasse besteht beispielsweise aus einem Bindemittel und Aluminiumpulver. Durch Bürsten wird die Oberfläche der Beschichtung elektrisch leitfähig. Der Heizungseffekt entsteht durch den Stromfluss durch die elektrisch leitfähige Schicht mit entsprechendem Heizwiderstand.Furthermore, a heating element is after US 4,469,936 known, in which an insulating substrate carries a coating of a ceramic material. The ceramic composition consists for example of a binder and aluminum powder. Brushing makes the surface of the coating electrically conductive. The heating effect is caused by the current flowing through the electrically conductive layer with corresponding heating resistor.

Die US 2003/0116559 A1 beschreibt ein Dünnfilmheizungselement, bei dem eine leitende Druckfarbe auf ein Substrat aufgedruckt, getrocknet und gesintert wird, wobei ein Flächenwiderstand zwischen 10 und 1000 Ω/sq. angestrebt wird. Ein Rahmen trägt mehrere Substrate, die mit einem Dünnfilm beschichtet und mittels Elektroden an eine Spannungsquelle angeschlossen sind.The US 2003/0116559 A1 describes a thin-film heating element in which a conductive ink is printed on a substrate, dried and sintered, wherein a sheet resistance between 10 and 1000 Ω / sq. is sought. A frame carries a plurality of substrates, which are coated with a thin film and connected by means of electrodes to a voltage source.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein kompaktes sowohl stationär als auch mobil einsetzbares Systemstrahlungselement vorzuschlagen, das als Wärmequelle für die Erwärmung von Räumen, Land-, Wasser- und Luftfahrzeugen, technischen Vorrichtungen, Gewerbe- und Industrieanlagen, in der Landwirtschaft und im Gartenbau einsetzbar ist. Mit der erfindungsgemäß vorzuschlagenden Lösung soll ein hoher Wirkungsgrad für die eingesetzte elektrische Energie erzielt werden. Darüber hinaus soll das Systemstrahlungselement im Bedarfsfall mit der Wärmetransportmöglichkeit, der Konvektion, kombinierbar sein. Die verschiedenartigsten Verwendungsmöglichkeiten eines vorzuschlagenden Systemstrahlungselementes sollen mit dieser Erfindung verdeutlicht werden.The invention has for its object to propose a compact both stationary and mobile deployable system radiation element, which can be used as a heat source for the heating of rooms, land, water and air vehicles, technical devices, commercial and industrial plants, in agriculture and horticulture is. With the proposed solution according to the invention a high efficiency for the electrical energy used is to be achieved. In addition, the system radiation element should, if necessary, be combined with the heat transport option, convection. The most varied possible uses of a system radiation element to be proposed are to be clarified with this invention.

Bei der nachstehend zu erläuternden Erfindung wurde von der verschieden starken Reflexion, Absorption und Durchlässigkeit elektromagnetischer Strahlung des Materials als Trägermaterial und/oder Beschichtungsmaterial wie z. B. Stahlblech, Aluminiumblech, Keramik, Kunststoff, Glas und Glasgranulate, Epoxydharze, Alkydharze, ölhaltige Lacke und Spiegelfolien ausgegangen und eine entsprechende Konstruktion und Beschaffenheit des erfindungsgemäßen Systemstrahlungselements entwickelt.In the invention to be explained below was of the different strong reflection, absorption and transmission of electromagnetic radiation of the material as a support material and / or coating material such. As steel, aluminum, ceramic, plastic, glass and glass granules, epoxy resins, alkyd resins, oil-containing paints and mirror films and developed a corresponding construction and nature of the system radiation element according to the invention.

Gemäß der Erfindung wird die vorstehend genannte Aufgabenstellung dadurch gelöst, dass ein Systemstrahlungselement mit wärmeabstrahlenden Folien vorgeschlagen wird, wobei mindestens eine wärmeabstrahlende Folie in einem Strahleraufbau integriert ist und mindestens zwei wärmeabstrahlende Folien mindestens in einem Teil ihres wärmestrahlenden Bereiches gegenüberliegend angeordnet sind. Diese mindestens zu einem Teil gegenüberliegend angeordneten Folien bilden eine Wärmequelle, die in einem Gehäuse oder geeigneten Vorrichtung mit Öffnungen für die Abgabe von Strahlungswärme und Konvektionswärme angeordnet sind. Die Wärmequelle besteht aus mindestens zwei Strahleraufbauten. Die wärmeabstrahlenden Folien in den Strahleraufbauten sind in einem Rahmen mit entsprechenden Abstandhaltern zueinander in einem Abstand von mindestens 3 mm oder in einem größeren, jeweils durch drei teilbaren Abstand angeordnet und über Halterungen an dem Gehäuse befestigt.According to the invention, the aforementioned object is achieved by proposing a system radiation element with heat-radiating films, wherein at least one heat-radiating film is integrated in a radiator structure and at least two heat-radiating films are arranged opposite at least in a part of their heat-radiating region. These at least partially opposing foils form a heat source, which are arranged in a housing or suitable device with openings for the emission of radiant heat and convection heat. The heat source consists of at least two radiator structures. The heat radiating foils in the radiator structures are in a frame with corresponding spacers to each other at a distance of at least 3 mm or arranged in a larger, each divisible by three distance and secured to the housing via brackets.

Ein Strahleraufbau mit der mindestens einen wärmeabstrahlenden Folie besteht weiterhin aus einer oder mehreren Trägerplatten sowie aus einer oder mehreren Isolierungen oder Kaschierungen.. Gegenüberliegend oder alternativ parallel zu diesem Strahleraufbau ist mindestens ein weiterer solcher Strahleraufbau angeordnet, der ebenfalls aus einer oder mehreren Trägerplatten, einer oder mehreren Isolierungen oder Kaschierungen und mindestens einer wärmeabstrahlenden Folie besteht.An emitter structure with the at least one heat-radiating film furthermore consists of one or more carrier plates and of one or more insulations or laminations. Opposite or alternatively parallel to this emitter structure is arranged at least one further such emitter assembly, which likewise consists of one or more carrier plates, one or more consists of several insulation or laminations and at least one heat-radiating film.

Es liegt im Bereich der Erfindung, an mindestens einem der Strahleraufbauten ganzflächig oder teilweise einen Reflektor anzuordnen. Zweckmäßigerweise wird ein solcher Reflektor im äußeren Bereich eines Strahleraufbaus angebracht, um eine Reflexion der von den Folien abgegebenen Wärmestrahlung in eine Richtung zu erzielen. Alternativ kann je nach gewünschtem Verwendungszweck und damit verändertem Aufbau einer Wärmequelle der Reflektor zwischen einer Strahlerfolie und einer Schicht aus Isolierung oder Kaschierung oder zwischen einer Schicht aus Isolierung oder Kaschierung und einer Trägerplatte angeordnet sein. Bei dieser veränderten Anordnung des Reflektors ist zwischen den Schichten ein- bzw. beidseitig auf dem Reflektor eine Kleberschicht aufzutragen. Es liegt auch im Bereich der Erfindung, eine Isolierung oder Kaschierung durch einen entsprechenden Reflektor mit aufzutragender Kleberschicht zu ersetzen.It is within the scope of the invention to arrange at least one of the radiator structures over the entire surface or partially a reflector. Conveniently, such a reflector is mounted in the outer region of a radiator assembly in order to achieve a reflection of the heat radiation emitted by the films in one direction. Alternatively, depending on the desired purpose and thus changed construction of a heat source, the reflector between a radiator foil and a layer of insulation or lamination or between a layer of insulation or lamination and a support plate may be arranged. In this modified arrangement of the reflector is on the reflector one or both sides apply an adhesive layer between the layers. It is also within the scope of the invention to replace an insulation or lamination by a corresponding reflector with adhesive layer to be applied.

Die Wärmequelle, die aus mindestens zwei Strahleraufbauten mit darin angeordneten wärmeabstrahlenden Folien besteht, bildet mit einem Gehäuse oder einer geeigneten Tragekonstruktion, in welcher die Wärmequelle angeordnet wird, das erfindungsgemäße Systemstrahlungselement. Die von den Folien abgegebene Wärmestrahlung wird über großflächig angeordnete Öffnungen aus dem Gehäuse bzw. der geeigneten Tragekonstruktion abgegeben. Da die wärmeabstrahlenden Folien gegenüberliegend angeordnet sind und sich damit zumindest teilweise gegenseitig bestrahlen, entsteht auch eine Eigenerwärmung der Wärmequelle innerhalb des Gehäuses bzw. in Richtung Tragekonstruktion. Diese durch Eigenerwärmung entstandene Wärme wird als Konvektionswärme in den Umgebungsraum abgegeben.The heat source, which consists of at least two radiator structures with heat-radiating foils disposed therein, forms with a housing or a suitable support structure, in which the heat source is arranged, the system radiating element according to the invention. The heat radiation emitted by the films is released from the housing or the suitable support structure over openings arranged over a large area. Since the heat-radiating foils are arranged opposite one another and thus at least partially irradiate one another, self-heating of the heat source within the housing or in the direction of the support structure also arises. This generated by self-heating heat is released as convection heat in the surrounding space.

Die Trägerplatten der Strahlungsaufbauten sind vorzugsweise Metallplatten, die aus Stahl- oder Aluminiumblech bestehen können. Die Trägerplatten können ein- oder beidseitig mit einer Keramikbeschichtung versehen sein. Auf einer Trägerplatte ist eine Isolierung oder Kaschierung, die aus hitzebeständigem Alkydharz oder einem ölhaltigen Lack oder einer Epoxidharzbeschichtung oder aus hitzebeständigen sonstigen Isolieranstrichen besteht und ganzflächig eine wärmeabstrahlende Folie aufnimmt. Diese Folie besteht aus einem Graphit-Ruß-Folienaufbau oder sonstigen handelsüblichen wärmeabstrahlenden Folien und weist eine obere und untere oder rechte und linke oder zentrale und periphere gut leitende Kontaktierung für die Stromversorgung auf. Diese Kontaktierungen sind vorzugsweise streifbandförmig großflächig über die wärmeabstrahlenden Folien angeordnet.The support plates of the radiation structures are preferably metal plates, which may consist of steel or aluminum sheet. The carrier plates can be provided on one or both sides with a ceramic coating. On a support plate is an insulation or lamination, which consists of heat-resistant alkyd resin or an oil-containing paint or epoxy resin coating or heat-resistant other insulating coatings and the whole area receives a heat-radiating film. This film consists of a graphite-soot film or other commercially available heat-radiating films and has an upper and lower or right and left or central and peripheral good conductive contact for the power supply. These contacts are preferably arranged in a striped band over a large area over the heat-radiating films.

Um eine Wärmeabstrahlung in eine bestimmte Richtung zu erzielen, wird mindestens ein Strahleraufbau, bestehend aus Trägerplatte, Isolierung oder Kaschierung und wärmeabstrahlender Folie mit einem Reflektor versehen. Als geeignete Reflektoren haben sich Aluminiumfolien, Spiegelfolien, Glas, Glasgranulate bewährt. Die Isolierungen oder Kaschierungen können auch entfallen, wenn entsprechende gut isolierende Kleber zwischen den Schichten der Strahleraufbauten verwendet werden.In order to achieve a heat radiation in a certain direction, at least one radiator assembly consisting of support plate, insulation or lamination and heat-radiating film is provided with a reflector. Suitable reflectors are aluminum foils, mirror foils, glass, glass granules. The insulation or laminations can also be omitted if appropriate good insulating adhesive between the layers of the radiator structures are used.

Wird ein erfindungsgemäßes Systemstrahlungselement mit einer oder mehreren darin angeordneter Wärmequellen und diese wiederum bestehend aus mindestens zwei Strahleraufbauten an eine elektrische Stromversorgung angeschlossen, so wird über die wärmeabstrahlenden Folien Elektroenergie in Strahlungsenergie umgewandelt. Der Vorteil des konstruktiven Aufbaus im Systemstrahlungselements besteht in einer erheblichen Energieeinsparung durch Erhöhung des Wirkungsgrades gegenüber konventionellen elektrischen Heizungen.If a system radiation element according to the invention with one or more heat sources arranged therein and these in turn consisting of at least two radiator structures is connected to an electrical power supply, electrical energy is converted into radiant energy via the heat-radiating films. The advantage of the structural design in the system radiation element is a considerable energy saving by increasing the efficiency over conventional electric heaters.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ermöglicht einen mobilen und stationären Einsatz. Sie erspart das großflächige Anbringen von Folien auf Decken, Wänden und sonstigen Raumumkleidungen und nutzt darüber hinaus gegenüber großflächigen Folienheizungen insbesondere auch die Wärmeabstrahlung, die bei großflächigen Folienheizungen nicht in den gewünschten Raum, sondern in rückseitige Wände abgestrahlt wird.The device according to the invention enables a mobile and stationary use. It saves the large-scale attachment of films on ceilings, walls and other room coverings and also uses over large-area film heaters in particular the heat radiation, which is not radiated in large-area film heaters in the desired room, but in the back walls.

Diese Vorteile nutzend liegt es im Bereich der Erfindung, Strahleraufbauten und damit die Wärmequellen in ihrer flächenmäßigen Ausdehnung unterschiedlich zu dimensionieren und in ihrer Geometrie unterschiedlich zu gestalten. So liegt es nahe, die Strahleraufbauten auch zylinderförmig ineinanderliegend und definiert beabstandet anzuordnen oder die Strahleraufbauten zueinander plan- und konkav gegenüberliegend und definiert beabstandet oder zueinander plan- und konvex gegenüberliegend und definiert beabstandet anzuordnen. Es ist auch denkbar, einzelne Strahleraufbauten zueinander konvex oder zueinander konkav gegenüberliegend und definiert beabstandet anzuordnen.Taking advantage of these advantages, it is within the scope of the invention to dimension radiator structures and thus the heat sources in their areal extent differently and to make them different in their geometry. Thus, it is obvious, the radiator assemblies also cylindrical in a spaced-apart and defined spaced order or the radiator assemblies to plan and concave opposite each other and defined spaced or planar and convex to each other and defined spaced to arrange. It is also conceivable to arrange individual emitter assemblies mutually convex or concave opposite each other and defined spaced.

Aus den vielfältigen Verwendungsmöglichkeiten der erfindungsgemäßen Wärmequelle mit den darin angeordneten Strahleraufbauten ergeben sich auch Anordnungen der Strahleraufbauten zueinander in konkaver/konvexer oder konvexer/konkaver Form. Auch kreuzförmig zueinander diagonal und definiert beabstandet angeordnete Strahleraufbauten liegen im Bereich der Erfindung.From the many possible uses of the heat source according to the invention with the radiator structures arranged therein, arrangements of the radiator structures with respect to one another also result in concave / convex or convex / concave form. Also crosswise to each other diagonally and defined spaced spaced emitter assemblies are within the scope of the invention.

Wie in den anschließenden Ausführungsbeispielen näher zu erläutern ist, ist erfindungsgemäßes Systemstrahlungselement als Raumheizung für die private und gewerbliche Nutzung zur Erwärmung von festen, flüssigen und gasförmigen Körpern und Medien, zum Auftauen gefrorener Stoffe und Medien und zur Eisfreihaltung von Strukturen, Konstruktionen und Oberflächen einsetzbar. Aus diesen Einsatzmöglichkeiten ergeben sich zahlreiche Kombinationen, insbesondere aus der geometrischen Gestaltung der Wärmequellen, der Energieeinspeisung bzw. Leistungsaufnahme, der Oberflächengestaltung und Schichtanordnung innerhalb der Strahleraufbauten sowie der Arretierung verschiedenartig gestalteter Wärmequellen an an sich bekannten Tragkonstruktionen zum Aufbau eines Systemstrahlungselementes.As will be explained in more detail in the subsequent exemplary embodiments, the system radiation element according to the invention can be used as space heating for private and commercial use for heating solid, liquid and gaseous bodies and media, for thawing frozen substances and media, and for keeping ice structures, constructions and surfaces free of ice. From these applications arise numerous combinations, in particular from the geometric design of the heat sources, the energy supply and power consumption, the surface design and layer arrangement within the radiator structures and the locking of variously shaped heat sources to known support structures for the construction of a system radiation element.

Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand der in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert und beschrieben. Die den Zeichnungen und der Beschreibung zu entnehmenden Merkmale können bei anderen Ausführungsformen der Erfindung einzeln für sich oder zu mehreren in beliebigen Kombinationen Anwendung finden.The invention will be explained and described in more detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings. The features to be taken from the drawings and the description may, in other embodiments of the invention, be applied individually or in any combination.

Die Zeichnungen zeigen in

Fig. 1
eine Vorderansicht eines Heizkörpers mit integriertem Systemstrahlungselement,
Fig. 2 und 2a
einen vereinfachten und schematischen Vertikalschnitt durch ein Systemstrahlungselement mit vorwiegend einseitiger Wärmeabstrahlung,
Fig. 3
einen vereinfachten schematischen Schichtaufbau durch ein Systemstrahlungselement mit vorwiegend einseitiger Wärmeabstrahlung in Vorderansicht mit aufgeklappten Einzelschichten,
Fig. 4
einen vereinfachten Vertikalschnitt durch ein Systemstrahlungselement mit zweiseitiger Wärmeabstrahlung,
Fig. 5
einen vereinfachten schematischen Vertikalschnitt durch ein Systemstrahlungselement mit unterschiedlich großen Strahleraufbau,
Fig. 6 und 7
Gestaltungsvarianten eines Systemstrahlungselementes,
Fig. 8
einen Schnitt durch einen Rektifikator einer Kühlanlage mit Ummantelung durch ein Systemstrahlungselement,
Fig. 9
ein plankonkaves Grundelement einer Wärmequelle eines Systemstrahlungselementes im Vertikalschnitt,
Fig. 10
kreuzförmig angeordnete Grundelemente eines Systemstrahlungselementes im Horizontalschnitt,
Fig. 11
ein plankonkaves Grundelement einer Wärmequelle des Systemstrahlungselementes mit Reflektor,
Fig. 12
ein zylinderförmiges Grundelement einer Wärmequelle des Systemstrahlungselementes mit Reflektor.
The drawings show in
Fig. 1
a front view of a radiator with integrated system radiating element,
Fig. 2 and 2a
a simplified and schematic vertical section through a system radiation element with predominantly one-sided heat radiation,
Fig. 3
a simplified schematic layer structure by a system radiation element with predominantly one-sided heat radiation in front view with unfolded individual layers,
Fig. 4
a simplified vertical section through a system radiation element with two-sided heat radiation,
Fig. 5
a simplified schematic vertical section through a system radiation element with different sized radiator structure,
6 and 7
Design variants of a system radiation element,
Fig. 8
a section through a rectifier of a cooling system with sheathing through a system radiating element,
Fig. 9
a plano-concave basic element of a heat source of a system radiation element in vertical section,
Fig. 10
cross-shaped arranged basic elements of a system radiation element in horizontal section,
Fig. 11
a plano-concave basic element of a heat source of the system radiation element with reflector,
Fig. 12
a cylindrical base element of a heat source of the system radiation element with reflector.

Beispiel 1example 1

Figur 1 zeigt ein Systemstrahlungselement mit vorwiegend einseitiger Wärmeabstrahlung, bestehend aus einem Gehäuse 1 mit darin angeordneter Wärmequelle 3, einer Abstrahlöffnung 10, sowie einer oberen Konvektionsöffnung 11 und einer unteren Konvektionsöffnung 12. Die im Gehäuse 1 angeordnete Wärmequelle 3 besteht aus mindestens zwei Strahleraufbauten 15; 16. Ein solches Systemstrahlungselement mit vorwiegend einseitiger Wärmeabstrahlung ist in Figur 2 vereinfacht im Vertikalschnitt schematisch dargestellt.FIG. 1 shows a system radiation element with predominantly unilateral heat radiation, comprising a housing 1 with heat source 3 arranged therein, an emission opening 10 , as well as an upper convection opening 11 and a lower convection opening 12 . The arranged in the housing 1 heat source 3 consists of at least two radiator assemblies 15; 16. Such a system radiation element with predominantly unilateral heat radiation is shown schematically in simplified form in FIG. 2 in vertical section.

In dem Gehäuse 1 ist ein Rahmen 2 angeordnet, der in seinem oberen und unteren Bereich über entsprechende Abstandhalter einen ersten Strahleraufbau 15 und einen zweiten Strahleraufbau 16 als Wärmequelle 3 aufnimmt. Der Rahmen 2 mit darin parallel zueinander angeordneten Strahleraufbauten 15; 16 ist über Halterungen 4 am Gehäuse 1 befestigt. Das Gehäuse 1 weist nach einer Seite großflächig eine Abstrahlöffnung 10 auf. Im unteren Teil des Gehäuses 1 ist eine untere Konvektionsöffnung 12 und im oberen Teil des Gehäuses 1 eine obere Konvektionsöffnung 11 eingelassen. Die von den Halterungen 4 getragene Wärmequelle 3 nimmt in ihrem Rahmen 2 den ersten Strahleraufbau 15 und den zweiten Strahleraufbau 16 auf. Der erste Strahleraufbau 15 ist vom zweiten Strahleraufbau 16 durch einen Zwischenraum 14 von 3mm, 6mm oder 9mm beabstandet, wobei der Zwischenraum 14 - wie bereits erwähnt - von Abstandhaltern, die am Rahmen 2 angeordnet sind, gebildet wird.In the housing 1 , a frame 2 is arranged, which receives in its upper and lower region via corresponding spacers a first radiator assembly 15 and a second radiator assembly 16 as a heat source 3 . The frame 2 with mutually parallel radiator structures 15; 16 is attached via brackets 4 on the housing 1 . The housing 1 has on one side a large area an emission opening 10 . In the lower part of the housing 1 , a lower convection opening 12 and in the upper part of the housing 1, an upper convection opening 11 is inserted. The supported by the brackets 4 Heat source 3 receives in its frame 2, the first radiator assembly 15 and the second radiator assembly 16 . The first radiator assembly 15 is spaced from the second radiator assembly 16 by a gap 14 of 3mm, 6mm or 9mm, the gap 14 being formed, as already mentioned, by spacers disposed on the frame 2.

In diesem Beispiel unterscheidet sich der zweite Strahleraufbau 16 von dem ersten Strahleraufbau 15 dadurch, dass an der der Gehäusewandung zugewandten Seite am zweiten Strahleraufbau 16 ein Reflektor 13 angeordnet ist. Der Reflektor 13 erstreckt sich ganzflächig über die nach außen gerichtete Fläche des zweiten Strahleraufbaus 16.In this example, the second radiator structure 16 differs from the first radiator structure 15 in that a reflector 13 is arranged on the side of the second radiator structure 16 on the side facing the housing wall. The reflector 13 extends over the entire surface over the outwardly directed surface of the second radiator assembly 16 .

Um den Aufbau eines Systemstrahlungselementes nach diesem Ausführungsbeispiel zu verdeutlichen, ist in Figur 3 in vereinfachter Form der schematische Schichtaufbau dargestellt. In dem Gehäuse 1 ist als Ausschnitt die Abstrahlöffnung 10 sichtbar. Dahinter ist der erste Strahleraufbau 15, bestehend aus einer ersten Trägerplatte 6, einer ersten Isolierung oder Kaschierung 9 und einer ersten Strahlerfolie 8 angeordnet. An diesen ersten Strahleraufbau 15 schließt sich der Zwischenraum 14 an. Dieser beabstandet den ersten Strahleraufbau 15 vom zweiten Strahleraufbau 16. Der zweite Strahleraufbau 16 besteht aus einer zweiten Strahlerfolie 17, einer zweiten Isolierung oder Kaschierung 18, einer zweiten Trägerplatte 19 und einem Reflektor 13.In order to clarify the structure of a system radiation element according to this embodiment, the schematic layer structure is shown in simplified form in FIG. In the housing 1 , the emission opening 10 is visible as a section. Behind the first radiator assembly 15 , consisting of a first support plate 6 , a first insulation or lamination 9 and a first radiator film 8 is arranged. At this first radiator assembly 15 , the gap 14 connects. This spaces the first radiator assembly 15 16 from the second radiator structure The second radiator assembly 16 consists of a second radiator foil 17, a second insulation or lamination 18, a second supporting plate 19 and a reflector. 13

Alternativ kann je nach gewünschtem Verwendungszweck und Aufbau der einzelnen Strahleraufbauten 15; 16 der Reflektor 13 zwischen der zweiten Strahlerfolie 17 und zweiten Isolierung oder Kaschierung 18 oder zwischen der zweiten Isolierung oder Kaschierung 18 und der zweiten Trägerplatte 19 angeordnet sein. Bei dieser veränderten Anordnung des Reflektors 13 ist zwischen den Schichten ein- bzw. beidseitig auf dem Reflektor 13 eine Kleberschicht aufzutragen. Auch liegt es im Bereich der Erfindung, die zweite Isolierung oder Kaschierung 18 durch einen entsprechenden Reflektor mit aufzutragender Kleberschicht zu ersetzen.Alternatively, depending on the desired application and structure of the individual radiator structures 15; 16, the reflector 13 between the second radiator film 17 and second insulation or lamination 18 or between the second insulation or lamination 18 and the second support plate 19 may be arranged. In this modified arrangement of the reflector 13 is switched between the layers or applied to both sides of the reflector 13, an adhesive layer. It is also within the scope of the invention to replace the second insulation or lamination 18 with a corresponding reflector with an adhesive layer to be applied.

Die erste Strahlerfolie 8 und die zweite Strahlerfolie 17 werden über Kontaktierungen 7 mit elektrischem Strom versorgt. Die Kontaktierungen 7 sind streifbandförmig, jeweils über die gesamte Breite bzw. Höhe der Strahlerfolien 8 und 17 oben und unten oder links und rechts angeordnet.The first radiator foil 8 and the second radiator foil 17 are supplied with electrical current via contacts 7 . The contacts 7 are strip-band, in each case over the entire width or height of the radiator sheets 8 and 17 above and below or left and right.

Das Gehäuse 1 kann nach dieser Ausführungsform die Größe und Gestalt konventioneller elektrischer Heizkörper aufweisen und ist vorzugsweise aus Metall gefertigt. Die Abstrahlöffnung 10 sowie die obere Konvektionsöffnung 11 und die untere Konvektionsöffnung 12 sind übliche Strahlungswärme bzw. Konfektionswärme gut durchlassende Gitteröffnungen. Der im Gehäuse 1 angeordnete Rahmen 2 ist mit einer Isolierung umgeben.The housing 1 may according to this embodiment have the size and shape of conventional electric radiator and is preferably made of metal. The emission opening 10 as well as the upper convection opening 11 and the lower convection opening 12 are customary radiant heat or ready-to-use heat well-conducting grid openings. The arranged in the housing 1 frame 2 is surrounded with insulation.

Die erste Trägerplatte 6 ist eine Metallplatte, vorzugsweise aus Stahl- oder Aluminiumblech und kann zusätzlich auf der der Abstrahlöffnung 10 zugewandten Seite mit einer Keramikbeschichtung versehen sein. Die dem Zwischenraum 14 zugewandte Seite der ersten Trägerplatte 6 ist mit einer ersten Isolierung oder Kaschierung 9 beschichtet. Diese besteht aus einem für den jeweils erforderlichen Temperaturbereich hitzebeständigen Alkydharz oder einem ölhaltigen Lack oder einer Epoxydharzbeschichtung oder aus hitzebeständigen Isolieranstrichen. In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel wird von einer Erhitzung der Wärmequelle 3 in einem Temperaturbereich von 80° C bis 130°C ausgegangen.The first support plate 6 is a metal plate, preferably made of steel or aluminum sheet and may additionally be provided on the side facing the emission opening 10 with a ceramic coating. The space 14 facing side of the first support plate 6 is coated with a first insulation or lamination 9 . This consists of a heat resistant for the required temperature range alkyd resin or an oil-containing paint or an epoxy resin coating or heat-resistant insulating coatings. In this embodiment, it is assumed that heating of the heat source 3 in a temperature range of 80 ° C to 130 ° C.

Die erste Isolierung oder Kaschierung 9 kann auch aus einem hitzebeständigen Klebstoff bestehen. Auf der ersten Isolierung oder Kaschierung 9 ist ganzflächig die erste Strahlerfolie 8 aufgebracht. Diese besteht aus einem Graphit-Ruß-Folienaufbau mit einer oberen und unteren Kontaktierung 7 (Figur 3) für die Stromversorgung. Der Graphit-Ruß-Folienaufbau kann bereits mit einer handelsüblichen Isolierung oder Kaschierung versehen sein, so dass eine zusätzliche Isolierung oder Kaschierung 9 entfallen kann.The first insulation or lamination 9 may also consist of a heat-resistant adhesive. On the first insulation or lamination 9 , the first radiator film 8 is applied over the entire surface. This consists of a graphite-soot film structure with an upper and lower contact 7 (Figure 3) for the power supply. The graphite-soot film structure may already be provided with a commercial insulation or lamination, so that an additional insulation or lamination 9 can be omitted.

Der sich an die erste Strahlerfolie 8 anschließende Zwischenraum 14 ist bei dieser Ausführungsform ein geschlossener Raum, der von der ersten Strahlerfolie 8 und der zweiten Strahlerfolie 17 sowie den am Rahmen 2 angeordneten Abstandhaltern gebildet wird. Die Abstandhalter (in den Figuren nicht dargestellt) bestehen entweder aus elektrisch nicht leitenden Teilen des Rahmens 2 oder sind Bestandteile des metallischen Rahmens 2, wobei dann die horizontal und vertikal umlaufenden Abstandhalter zur ersten Strahlerfolie 8 und zur zweiten Strahlerfolie 17 bzw. zu deren Kontaktierungen 7 gut isoliert sind.The adjoining the first radiator film 8 intermediate space 14 is in this embodiment, a closed space, which is formed by the first radiator film 8 and the second radiator film 17 and the frame 2 arranged spacers. The spacers (not shown in the figures) consist either of electrically non-conductive parts of the frame 2 or are components of the metallic frame 2 , in which case the horizontally and vertically encircling spacers to the first radiator foil 8 and the second radiator foil 17 or to their contacts. 7 are well insulated.

An den Zwischenraum 14 schließt sich der zweite Strahleraufbau 16, bestehend aus einer zweiten Strahlerfolie 17, einer zweiten Isolierung oder Kaschierung 18, einer zweiten Trägerplatte 19 und einem Reflektor 13 an. In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel bestehen die einzelnen Elemente des Strahleraufbaus 16 aus den gleichen Materialen, wie sie im ersten Strahleraufbau 15 beschrieben wurden. Der Reflektor 13 besteht aus einem reflektierenden Material. Als geeignete Reflektoren finden Aluminiumfolien, Spiegelfolien, Glas, Glasgranulate und dergleichen Anwendung.At the intermediate space 14, the second radiator assembly 16, consisting of a second radiator film 17 , a second insulation or lamination 18 , a second support plate 19 and a reflector 13 connects. In this embodiment, the individual elements of the radiator assembly 16 made of the same materials as in the first Emitter structure 15 have been described. The reflector 13 is made of a reflective material. Suitable reflectors are aluminum foils, mirror foils, glass, glass granules and the like.

Es liegt im Bereich der Erfindung, anstelle einer zweiten Isolierung oder Kaschierung 18 aus Alkydharz oder einem ölhaltigen Lack oder einer Epoxydharzbeschichtung eine zweite Trägerplatte 19 mit entsprechend isolierendem Kleber zu verwenden. Als zweite Trägerplatte kann dann beispielsweise eine genoppte Aluminiumplatte Verwendung finden. In diesem Fall kann auf den Reflektor 13 verzichtet werden.It is within the scope of the invention, instead of a second insulation or lamination 18 of alkyd resin or an oil-containing paint or an epoxy resin coating to use a second support plate 19 with a correspondingly insulating adhesive. As a second support plate can then be used, for example, a knobbed aluminum plate. In this case, can be dispensed with the reflector 13 .

Werden nun der erste Strahleraufbau 15 und der zweite Strahleraufbau 16 über die jeweiligen Kontaktierungen 7 an eine elektrische Stromversorgung angeschlossen, erfolgt über die beiden Strahlerfolien 8; 17 eine sehr starke Wärmeabstrahlung in den Zwischenraum 14 und durch den ersten Strahleraufbau 15 hindurch in Richtung Abstrahlöffnung 10. Da das in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel beschriebene Systemstrahlungselement als äußeren Bestandteil des zweiten Strahleraufbau 16 einen Reflektor 13 aufweist, erfolgt die Wärmeabstrahlung vorwiegend durch die eine Abstrahlöffnungen 10. Die Wärmeabstrahlung des ersten und zweiten Strahleraufbaus 15; 16 führt auch zu einer Eigenerwärmung des gesamten Systemstrahlungselementes. Diese entstehende Wärme wird als Konvektionswärme mit entsprechender Luftzirkulation durch die untere Konvektionsöffnung 12 über die obere Konvektionsöffnung 11 in den zu beheizenden Raum abgegeben.If now the first radiator assembly 15 and the second radiator assembly 16 are connected via the respective contacts 7 to an electrical power supply, via the two radiator sheets 8; 17 a very strong heat radiation in the intermediate space 14 and through the first radiator assembly 15 in the direction of the radiating 10th Since the system radiation element described in this exemplary embodiment has a reflector 13 as the outer component of the second radiator structure 16 , the heat radiation is predominantly carried out by the one radiating openings 10 . The heat radiation of the first and second radiator assemblies 15; 16 also leads to a self-heating of the entire system radiation element. This resulting heat is delivered as convective heat with appropriate air circulation through the lower convection opening 12 via the upper convection 11 in the room to be heated.

Auf den beiden Strahlerfolien 8; 17 wird Elektroenergie in Strahlungsenergie umgewandelt. Der Vorteil des in diesem Beispiel geschilderten konstruktiven Aufbaus des Systemstrahlungselementes besteht in einer erheblichen Energieeinsparung durch Erhöhung des Wirkungsgrades gegenüber konventionellen elektrischen Heizungen. Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ermöglicht einen mobilen und stationären Einsatz. Sie erspart das großflächige Anbringen von Folien auf Decken, Wänden und in Fußböden und nutzt gegenüber großflächigen Folienheizungen insbesondere auch die Wärmeabstrahlung, die bei großflächigen Folienheizungen nicht in den gewünschten Raum, sondern in rückseitige Wände abstrahlt.On the two radiator sheets 8; 17 , electrical energy is converted into radiant energy. The advantage of the structural design of the system radiation element described in this example consists in a considerable energy saving by increasing the efficiency compared to conventional electric heaters. The device according to the invention enables a mobile and stationary use. It saves the large-scale installation of films on ceilings, walls and floors and uses over large-area film heaters in particular, the heat radiation, which does not radiate in large areas of film heaters in the desired room, but in the back walls.

Beispiel 2Example 2

Zu dem im Beispiel 1 geschilderten Aufbau eines Systemstrahlungselementes wird nach diesem Ausführungsbeispiel vorgeschlagen, das Gehäuse 1 gemäß der Figur 2a auf der der Abstrahlöffnung 10 entgegengesetzten Innenseite mit einem Reflektor 13 zu versehen. Ein solches Systemstrahlungselement ist ebenfalls - wie im Beispiel 1 beschrieben - für eine vorwiegend in einer Richtung abzugebende Wärmeabstrahlung vorgesehen. Die Wärmequelle 3 besteht aus einem ersten Strahleraufbau 15 und einem spiegelgleich angeordneten weiteren Strahleraufbau 15a. Die übrige Gestaltung und der Aufbau des Systemstrahlungselementes gleicht im Wesentlichen der Beschreibung nach Beispiel 1.For the structure of a system radiation element described in Example 1, it is proposed according to this exemplary embodiment, the housing 1 according to FIG. 2a on the emission opening 10 opposite inside to be provided with a reflector 13 . Such a system radiation element is likewise provided-as described in Example 1-for a heat dissipation to be emitted predominantly in one direction. The heat source 3 consists of a first radiator assembly 15 and a mirror-like arranged further radiator assembly 15 a . The rest of the design and construction of the system radiation element is substantially similar to the description of Example 1.

Beispiel 3Example 3

Zu dem im Beispiel 1 geschilderten Aufbau eines Systemstrahlungselementes wird, wie in Figur 4 dargestellt, nach diesem Ausführungsbeispiel vorgeschlagen, das Gehäuse 1 beidseitig, d. h. in der Vorder- und Rückfront mit Abstrahlöffnungen 10 zu versehen. Ein solches Systemstrahlungselement ist dann für das Aufstellen in einen Raum vorgesehen, in welchem eine Wärmeabstrahlung nach mindestens zwei Seiten gewünscht ist. Ein Reflektor 13 - wie er nach Beispiel 1 in dem zweiten Strahleraufbau 16 angeordnet ist - entfällt nach dieser Ausführungsform. Statt dessen sind die erste Trägerplatte 6 und/oder die zweite Trägerplatte 19 mit einer Keramikbeschichtung versehen. Wie aus der Figur 4 ersichtlich, ist spiegelgleich zu dem ersten Strahleraufbau 15 ein weiterer Strahleraufbau 15 a innerhalb der Wärmequelle 3 angeordnet. Die Wärmeabstrahlung erfolgt über die beiden Abstrahlöffnungen 10 großflächig über die längsten Seiten des Gehäuses 1.For the structure of a system radiation element described in Example 1, it is proposed, as shown in FIG. 4, according to this exemplary embodiment, to provide the housing 1 with emission openings 10 on both sides, ie in the front and rear faces. Such a system radiation element is then provided for installation in a room in which a heat radiation to at least two sides is desired. A reflector 13 - as it is arranged according to Example 1 in the second radiator assembly 16 - is omitted according to this embodiment. Instead, the first support plate 6 and / or the second support plate 19 are provided with a ceramic coating. As can be seen from FIG. 4, a further radiator structure 15 a is arranged inside the heat source 3 mirror-like to the first radiator structure 15 . The heat radiation takes place over the two radiating openings 10 over a large area over the longest sides of the housing first

Beispiel 4Example 4

Gemäß dem beschriebenen Aufbau nach Beispiel 1 und Beispiel 3 wird ein Systemstrahlungselement mit einer Wärmeabstrahlung nach mindestens zwei Seiten vorgeschlagen. Ein solches Element ist in Figur 5 dargestellt. Die darin angeordnete Wärmequelle 3 besteht aus einem ersten Strahleraufbau 15 und einem kleineren Strahleraufbau 15b. Dieser kleinere Strahleraufbau 15b kann sowohl in seiner vertikalen als auch in seiner horizontalen Ausdehnung ein geringeres Flächenmaß als der Strahleraufbau 15 aufweisen. Es versteht sich dabei von selbst, dass nach dieser Ausführungsform eine unterschiedliche Wärmeabstrahlung erfolgt. Nach dieser Ausführungsform erhitzt sich der kleinere Strahleraufbau 15b annähernd um das Doppelte gegenüber dem ersten Strahleraufbau 15. Alternativ kann ein Systemstrahlungselement nach diesem Ausführungsbeispiel auch mit einem Reflektor 13 an dem ersten Strahleraufbau 15 und/oder an dem kleineren Strahleraufbau 15b versehen werden.According to the described construction according to Example 1 and Example 3, a system radiation element with a heat radiation to at least two sides is proposed. Such an element is shown in FIG. The heat source 3 arranged therein consists of a first radiator assembly 15 and a smaller radiator assembly 15b . This smaller radiator assembly 15b may have a smaller surface area than the radiator assembly 15 in both its vertical and horizontal dimensions. It goes without saying that according to this embodiment, a different heat radiation takes place. According to this embodiment, the smaller radiator assembly 15b heats up approximately twice compared to the first radiator assembly 15. Alternatively, a system radiating element according to this embodiment can also be provided with a reflector 13 on the first radiator assembly 15 and / or on the smaller radiator assembly 15b .

Beispiel 5Example 5

Nach dem in den vorangegangenen Beispielen beschriebenen Prinzip mit einem Folienaufbau von mindestens zwei gegenüber angeordneten Heizfolien ist es denkbar, das erfindungsgemäße Systemstrahlungselement als eine Säulenheizung zu konzipieren. Dazu sind um ein vorhandenes Bauwerk, beispielsweise eine Säule 23, wie in Figur 6 im schematischen Horizontalschnitt gezeigt, mehrere Einzelsystemstrahlungselemente 22 angeordnet. Diese weisen jeweils in definierter geometrischer Anordnung einen ersten Strahleraufbau 15 und einen weiteren Strahleraufbau 15a auf. Die Anordnung der Strahleraufbauten 15; 15a ist in der Figur 6 spitzwinklig zueinander dargestellt. Andere geometrische Anordnungen sind denkbar und liegen im Bereich der Erfindung. Auch können die beschriebenen Strahleraufbauten 15b und 16 innerhalb des Einzelsystemstrahlungselementes 22 Anwendung finden.After the principle described in the preceding examples with a film structure of at least two oppositely disposed heating foils, it is conceivable to design the system radiation element according to the invention as a column heater. For this purpose, a plurality of individual system radiation elements 22 are arranged around an existing structure, for example a column 23 , as shown in FIG. 6 in a schematic horizontal section. These each have, in a defined geometric arrangement, a first radiator assembly 15 and a further radiator assembly 15a . The arrangement of the radiator structures 15; 15a is shown at an acute angle to each other in FIG. Other geometrical arrangements are conceivable and are within the scope of the invention. Also, the described radiator assemblies 15b and 16 may find application within the single system radiating element 22 .

Beispiel 6Example 6

In der Figur 7 ist vereinfacht eine Teildraufsicht und ein Teilschnitt durch ein Systemstrahlungselement 24 von kubischer Gestalt dargestellt. In Draufsicht ist eine Abstrahlöffnung 10 zu sehen. In dem kubischen Systemstrahlungselement 24 sind an den vier Vertikalseiten je ein zweiter Strahleraufbau 16 mit Reflektor 13 - wie im Beispiel 1 beschrieben - angeordnet. Diese Art der Raumheizung mit einer Abstrahlung vorwiegend über die Abstrahlöffnung 10 nach oben kann alternativ je nach gewünschtem Verwendungszweck auch mit ersten Strahleraufbauten 15, also ohne Reflektor 13, ausgestattet werden, so dass eine vorwiegende Wärmeabstrahlung horizontal erfolgt und nach oben vorwiegend Konvektionswärme in den zu beheizenden Raum abgegeben wird.In the figure 7 is simplified a partial plan view and a partial section through a system radiation element 24 of cubic shape shown. In plan view, a radiation opening 10 can be seen. In the cubic system radiation element 24 are each a second radiator assembly 16 with reflector 13 - as described in Example 1 - arranged on the four vertical sides. This type of space heating with a radiation predominantly on the emission opening 10 upwards may alternatively depending on the intended use with first radiator assemblies 15 , ie without reflector 13 , are equipped so that a predominant heat radiation occurs horizontally and up mainly convection in the heated Room is delivered.

Es ist auch denkbar, innerhalb eines solchen kubischen Systemstrahlungselementes 24 Strahleraufbauten 15 mit Strahleraufbauten 16, Strahleraufbauten 15a und kleineren Strahleraufbauten 15b zu kombinieren. Bei Anwendung von zweiten Strahleraufbauten 16 - wie in der Figur 7 dargestellt - können je nach dem gewünschten Verwendungszweck die Reflektoren 13 außen oder innen angebracht werden.It is also conceivable to combine within such a cubic system radiation element 24 radiator structures 15 with radiator structures 16, radiator structures 15a and 15b smaller radiator structures. When using second radiator structures 16 -as shown in FIG. 7 -the reflectors 13 can be mounted externally or internally, depending on the intended use.

Beispiel 7Example 7

Eine weitere Anwendungsmöglichkeit des erfindungsgemäßen Systemstrahlungselementes wird in der Kältetechnik gesehen. Anhand einer einfachen, einstufigen Absorptionsanlage wird in Figur 8 ein Schnitt durch einen Rektifikator 47 mit einer Ummantelung von einem Systemstrahlungselement dargestellt. Im Betrieb eines Kühlsystems werden in bekannter Weise z. B. Wasser und Ammoniak aus einem Reservoir über eine Steuereinrichtung in einen Rektifikator 47 eingespeist und durch Wärmezufuhr zum Sieden gebracht. Der dadurch ausgetriebene NH3-Dampf wird im Kondensator niedergeschlagen und die entstehende Flüssigkeit durch Entspannen in einem Verdampfer stark abgekühlt, um den gewünschten Kühleffekt hervorzurufen.Another application of the system radiation element according to the invention is seen in refrigeration. On the basis of a simple, single-stage absorption system, a section through a rectifier 47 with a jacket of a system radiation element is shown in FIG. In the operation of a cooling system are in known Way z. B. water and ammonia from a reservoir via a control device in a rectifier 47 and brought to boil by supplying heat. The resulting expelled NH 3 vapor is deposited in the condenser and the resulting liquid is strongly cooled by relaxing in an evaporator to produce the desired cooling effect.

Der Grundgedanke der erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung des Systemstrahlungselementes in der Kältetechnik besteht darin, dass eine Abstrahlung elektromagnetischer Wellen über einen Strahleraufbau 48 und einen Strahleraufbau 49 auf bzw. um den Rektifikator 47 erfolgt. Dazu ist der Strahleraufbau 48 mit einer äußeren Ummantelung in Form eines Reflektors 50 umgeben. Bei Inbetriebnahme des Systemstrahlungselementes werden die Strahleraufbauten 48 und 49 über die Zuleitungen 51 mit Elektroenergie versorgt, d. h. das Systemstrahlungselement ist aktiviert und die abgestrahlten elektromagnetischen Wellen bringen Wasser und Ammoniak zum Sieden, indem gezielt elektrische Energie eingesetzt wird. Mit dieser erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung kann der Bedarf an Elektroenergie wesentlich gesenkt werden.The basic idea of the use according to the invention of the system radiation element in refrigeration technology is that radiation of electromagnetic waves takes place via a radiator structure 48 and a radiator structure 49 on or around the rectifier 47 . For this purpose, the radiator assembly 48 is surrounded by an outer jacket in the form of a reflector 50 . When the system radiation element is put into operation, the radiator structures 48 and 49 are supplied with electrical energy via the supply lines 51 , ie the system radiating element is activated and the radiated electromagnetic waves boil water and ammonia by selectively using electrical energy. With this device according to the invention, the demand for electrical energy can be significantly reduced.

Beispiel 8Example 8

Mit einem Schichtaufbau, wie schon beschriebenen, zeigt Figur 9 ein plankonkaves Grundelement einer Wärmequelle für ein Systemstrahlungselement im Vertikalschnitt. An Halterungen 44 ist ein Rahmen 35 befestigt und dieser Rahmen 35 nimmt, wie in den vorangegangenen Beispielen, Strahleraufbauten 33b; 33c vom Typ des Strahleraufbaus 15 auf. Während der Strahleraufbau 33b planflächig im Rahmen 35 angeordnet ist, ist der Strahleraufbau 33c konkav im Rahmen 35 angeordnet. Die Strahleraufbauten 33b; 33c sind wiederum beabstandet am Rahmen 35 arretiert, so dass ein Zwischenraum 52 entsteht. Auf der dem Zwischenraum 52 abgewandten Seite - also auf der Rückseite des Strahleraufbaus 33b - ist am Rahmen 35 oder an einem Gehäuse ein Reflektor 53 angeordnet.With a layer structure, as already described, FIG. 9 shows a plano-concave basic element of a heat source for a system radiation element in vertical section. To holders 44 , a frame 35 is attached and this frame 35 takes, as in the previous examples, radiator assemblies 33b; 33c of the type of radiator assembly 15 . While the radiator structure 33b is arranged in a planar manner in the frame 35 , the radiator structure 33c is arranged concavely in the frame 35 . The radiator structures 33b; 33c are in turn spaced at the frame 35 locked so that a gap 52 is formed. On the side facing away from the gap 52 - ie on the back of the radiator assembly 33b - a reflector 53 is arranged on the frame 35 or on a housing.

Die Wärmeabstrahlung erfolgt demzufolge - wie aus Figur 9 ersichtlich - vorwiegend in Pfeilrichtung. Eine derartige Vorrichtung findet zur kleinflächigen Bestrahlung von Flächen und Gegenständen, wie zum Beispiel zum Auftauen gefrorener Wasserleitungen oder gefrorener Bodenschichten, Anwendung. Dazu wird eine derartige Wärmequelle - wie in den vorangegangenen Beispielen bereits beschrieben - über die Halterungen 44 mit einer Stromversorgung verbunden und in einem Gehäuse zu einem Systemstrahlungselement installiert.The heat radiation takes place accordingly - as can be seen in FIG. 9 - predominantly in the direction of the arrow. Such a device is used for small-area irradiation of surfaces and objects, such as thawing of frozen water pipes or frozen soil layers application. For this purpose, such a heat source - as already described in the previous examples - on the brackets 44 with a Power connected and installed in a housing to a system radiation element.

Beispiel 9Example 9

In Figur 10 sind kreuzförmig angeordnete Grundelemente eines Systemstrahlungselementes im Horizontalschnitt dargestellt. Die kreuzförmig angeordneten Grundelemente bzw. Wärmequellen bestehen aus Strahleraufbauten 33 vom Typ 15, können aber auch je nach gewünschtem Verwendungszweck Strahleraufbauten 16 mit einem Reflektor aufnehmen. Diese Anwendungsform findet vordergründig Verwendung als Raumheizelement, wobei aus dem Gehäuse 54 in Abstrahlrichtung von den Strahleraufbauten 33 Strahlungswärme in den umgebenden Raum über entsprechende Öffnungen im Gehäuse 54 und über obere Öffnungen im Gehäuse 54 Konvektionswärme in den Umgebungsraum abgegeben wird.In FIG. 10, cross-shaped basic elements of a system radiation element are shown in horizontal section. The cross-shaped arranged basic elements or heat sources consist of emitter assemblies 33 of type 15 , but can also accommodate depending on the desired use emitter assemblies 16 with a reflector. This application form is superficially used as Raumheizelement, wherein from the housing 54 in the emission of the radiator 33 radiant heat in the surrounding space through corresponding openings in the housing 54 and upper openings in the housing 54 convection heat is discharged into the surrounding space.

Beispiel 10Example 10

Es ist bekannt, dass vereisungsgefährdete Fronten an Vorflügeln und Tragflächen und anderen Strukturen von Flugzeugen mit unterschiedlichsten Vorrichtungen und Verfahren vor einer Eisbildung bewahrt werden bzw. schon gebildete Eisflächen entfernt werden können. Im Nachfolgenden soll anhand der Figuren 11 und 12 der Einsatz des erfindungsgemäßen Systemstrahlungselementes im Bereich der Vorderkante einer Tragfläche erläutert werden.It is known that icing-prone fronts on slats and wings and other structures of aircraft with various devices and methods are preserved from icing or already formed ice surfaces can be removed. In the following, the use of the system radiation element according to the invention in the region of the front edge of a supporting surface will be explained with reference to FIGS. 11 and 12.

In den Figuren 11 und 12 ist jeweils ein Teilschnitt durch den vorderen Bereich einer Flugzeugtragfläche dargestellt. In der Figur 11 ist im vorderen Bereich einer Tragfläche eine plankonvexe Wärmequelle mit Reflektor als ein Systemstrahlungselement und in der Figur 12 ist eine zylinderförmige Wärmequelle mit Reflektor als ein Systemstrahlungselement angeordnet.FIGS. 11 and 12 each show a partial section through the front region of an aircraft wing. In FIG. 11, a plano-convex heat source with a reflector as a system radiation element is arranged in the front region of a support surface, and in FIG. 12 a cylindrical heat source with a reflector is arranged as a system radiation element.

Im Beispiel 1 wurde anhand zweier Gestaltungsvarianten von Wärmequellen der Aufbau einer Wärmequelle mit und ohne Reflektor erläutert. Überträgt man entsprechend modifiziert diesen Schichtaufbau auf die Figur 11, so entspricht der Strahleraufbau 55 dem Strahleraufbau 15 aus dem Beispiel 1 und der Strahleraufbau 56 dem Strahleraufbau 16 aus Beispiel 1, wobei der Reflektor 57 unmittelbar mit dem Strahleraufbau 56 verbunden ist oder separat in Verbindung mit der Tragflächenkonstruktion angeordnet sein kann. Die Wärmeabstrahlung erfolgt, wie aus Figur 11 ersichtlich, in die besonders vereisungsgefährdeten Frontabschnitte der Hohl- bzw. Schalenkörperkonstruktionen einer Tragfläche.In Example 1, the construction of a heat source with and without a reflector was explained with reference to two design variants of heat sources. If one transfers this layer structure correspondingly modified to FIG. 11, the radiator structure 55 corresponds to the radiator structure 15 from Example 1 and the radiator structure 56 corresponds to the radiator structure 16 from Example 1, wherein the reflector 57 is connected directly to the radiator structure 56 or separately in conjunction with FIG the wing construction can be arranged. The heat radiation takes place, as can be seen from FIG. 11, into the particularly icing-prone front sections of the hollow or shell body constructions of an airfoil.

Eine andere Ausführungsform sieht eine zylinderförmige Wärmequelle vor. Hier sind zylinderförmig ineinander geschobene Strahleraufbauten 58; 59 angeordnet. Die Strahleraufbauten 58; 59 entsprechen dem Strahleraufbau 15 aus dem Beispiel 1. Die wärmeabstrahlenden Folien können wahlweise im äußeren oder inneren Bereich der jeweiligen zylinderförmigen Strahleraufbauten 58; 59 angeordnet sein, so dass eine Wärmestrahlung mit unterschiedlicher Intensität erfolgen kann. Der Reflektor 60 verhindert eine Wärmeabstrahlung in die Tragflächenkonstruktion und bewirkt damit eine höhere Konzentration der Wärmestrahlung in die besonders vereisungsgefährdeten Fronten.Another embodiment provides a cylindrical heat source. Here are cylindrical intermeshed radiator structures 58; 59 arranged. The radiator structures 58; 59 correspond to the radiator assembly 15 of Example 1. The heat radiating sheets can optionally in the outer or inner region of the respective cylindrical radiator structures 58; 59 may be arranged so that a heat radiation with different intensity can be done. The reflector 60 prevents heat radiation in the wing construction and thus causes a higher concentration of heat radiation in the particularly icing prone fronts.

Es liegt im Bereich der Erfindung, anstelle einer wie in Figur 11 dargestellten plankonvexen Wärmequelle oder der in Figur 12 zylinderförmigen Wärmequelle auch Flachelemente zu verwenden, wie sie in den vorangegangenen Beispielen beschrieben wurden. Eine Kombination verschieden gestalteter geometrischer Formen der Strahleraufbauten oder Wärmequellen zu einem Systemstrahlungselement ist insbesondere für den Flugzeugeinsatz von Vorteil, weil der Schalenkörper einer Tragfläche oder eines Vorflügels nur einen sehr geringen Platz für die zusätzliche Anbringung von Systemstrahlungselementen zulässt. Außerdem sind die einzelnen Außenstrukturen unterschiedlich vereisungsgefährdet.It is within the scope of the invention to use flat elements instead of a plano-convex heat source as shown in FIG. 11 or the cylindrical heat source in FIG. 12, as described in the preceding examples. A combination of differently shaped geometric shapes of the radiator structures or heat sources to a system radiation element is particularly advantageous for aircraft use, because the shell body of a wing or a slat only a very small space for the additional attachment of system radiation elements permits. In addition, the individual outer structures are differently endangered icing.

Claims (17)

  1. A radiant heating system with insulating layers or substrates arranged in a housing (1, 45, 54) and/or on a load-bearing construction with heat radiating foils and electric feed lines arranged on these,
    characterized in that
    at least one heat radiating foil (8 or 17) is integrated in a radiator structure (15, 15a, 15b, 16, 33, 33a, 33b, 33c, 48, 49, 55, 56, 58, 59) and that the heat radiating foils (8 or 17) with at least one first and one second radiator structure (15, 15a, 15b, 16, 33, 33a, 33b, 33c, 48, 49, 55, 56, 58, 59) lie opposite with a part of their heat radiating area, and that the radiator structures (15, 15a, 15b, 16, 33, 33a, 33b, 33c, 48, 49, 55, 56, 58, 59) with their opposite heat radiating foils (8, 17) form a heat source for the emission of radiation and/or convection heat.
  2. A radiant heating system according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the interim space (14) between the first and the second radiator structure (15, 15a, 15b, 16, 33, 33a, 33b, 33c, 48, 49, 55, 56, 58, 59) is a closed area which is formed by the first radiator foil (8) and the second radiator foil (17) and the spacers arranged on the frame (2).
  3. A radiant heating system according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    At least two heat radiating foils (8 and 17) which are wholly or partially arranged opposite at a distance of at least 3mm or at a greater distance which is however divisible by three form a heat source, and that this heat source emits primarily radiation heat.
  4. A radiant heating system according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    a first radiator structure (15, 15a, 15b, 33, 33c, 49, 55, 59) consists of a supporting plate (6), an insulation or lamination (9), and a first radiator foil (8) as a heat radiating foil, and a second radiator structure (16, 33b, 48, 56, 58) consists of a radiator foil (17) as a heat radiating foil, an insulation or lamination (18), a supporting plate (19) and a reflector (13, 50, 53, 57, 60).
  5. A radiant heating system according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the first radiator structure (15, 15a, 15b, 33, 33c, 49, 55, 59) and the second radiator structure (16, 33b, 48, 56, 58) have the same dimensions in terms of their surface expansion and/or their geometry.
  6. A radiant heating system according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the heat radiating foil (8) of first radiator structure (15, 15a, 15b, 33, 33c, 49, 55, 59) has a different power consumption for electric energy and/or during operation, a different surface temperature, than the heat radiating foil (17) of the second radiator structure (16, 33b, 48, 56, 58).
  7. A radiant heating system according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the radiator structures (15, 15a, 15b, 33, 33c, 49, 55, 59) and the radiator structures (16, 33b, 48, 56, 58) are arranged in parallel to each other in their surface expansion, and are at a defined distance from each other.
  8. A radiant heating system according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the radiator structures (15, 15a, 15b, 33, 33c, 49, 55, 59) and the radiator structures (16, 33b, 48, 56, 58) are arranged so that they lie cylindrically inside each other in their surface expansion, and are at a defined distance from each other.
  9. A radiant heating system according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the radiator structures (15, 15a, 15b, 33, 33c, 49, 55, 59) and the radiator structures (16, 33b, 48, 56, 58) are arranged facing opposite each other in a planar and concave manner in their surface expansion, and are at a defined distance from each other.
  10. A radiant heating system according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the radiator structures (15, 15a, 15b, 33, 33c, 49, 55, 59) and the radiator structures (16, 33b, 48, 56, 58) are arranged facing opposite each other in a planar and convex manner in their surface expansion, and are at a defined distance from each other.
  11. A radiant heating system according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the radiator structures (15, 15a, 15b, 33, 33c, 49, 55, 59) and the radiator structures (16, 33b, 48, 56, 58) are arranged facing opposite each other in either a convex or a concave manner in their surface expansion, and are at a defined distance from each other.
  12. A radiant heating system according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the radiator structures (15, 15a, 15b, 33, 33c, 49, 55, 59) and the radiator structures (16, 33b, 48, 56, 58) are arranged facing opposite each other in either a concave/convex or a convex/concave manner in their surface expansion, and are at a defined distance from each other.
  13. A radiant heating system according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the radiator structures (15, 15a, 15b, 33, 33c, 49, 55, 59) and the radiator structures (16, 33b, 48, 56, 58) are arranged facing each other in either a crosswise or a diagonal manner in their surface expansion, and are at a defined distance from each other.
  14. The use of a radiant heating system according to the type disclosed in claim 1 in a housing (45, 54) as room heating for private and commercial use.
  15. The use of a radiant heating system according to the type disclosed in claim 1 for heating solid, fluid or gaseous bodies or media.
  16. The use of a radiant heating system according to the type disclosed in claim 1 for the de-frosting of frozen substances and media and/or the drying of substances and media.
  17. The use of a radiant heating system according to the type disclosed in claim 1 for the ice-free maintenance of structures, constructions and surfaces, preferably of the surfaces of aeroplanes which are at risk of becoming iced.
EP04090372A 2003-09-23 2004-09-22 Radiant heating system and use thereof Not-in-force EP1523223B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2003143860 DE10343860A1 (en) 2003-09-23 2003-09-23 A portable heating system has double panels of heat radiating foil and a reflector to warm rooms for various purposes
DE20314653U 2003-09-23
DE10343860 2003-09-23
DE2003143859 DE10343859A1 (en) 2003-09-23 2003-09-23 Heating panel has two radiation sheets on a reflector radiating through a front panel with convection slots above and below
DE20314654U DE20314654U1 (en) 2003-09-23 2003-09-23 Electric heating radiator has a double layer foil heating element with a reflector and radiation transmitting front panel
DE20314654U 2003-09-23
DE20314653U DE20314653U1 (en) 2003-09-23 2003-09-23 An electrical panel heater has a heat radiating foil surface within a frame containing insulation sheets and a reflector panel
DE10343859 2003-09-23

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1523223A2 EP1523223A2 (en) 2005-04-13
EP1523223A3 EP1523223A3 (en) 2005-04-20
EP1523223B1 true EP1523223B1 (en) 2007-09-12

Family

ID=34317536

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04090372A Not-in-force EP1523223B1 (en) 2003-09-23 2004-09-22 Radiant heating system and use thereof

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1523223B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE373403T1 (en)
DE (1) DE502004004930D1 (en)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU217559U1 (en) * 2022-12-29 2023-04-05 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Южно-Уральский государственный аграрный университет" (ФГБОУ ВО Южно-Уральский ГАУ) electric heater

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DE102007044557A1 (en) 2007-09-07 2009-03-12 Österwitz, Karl-Heinz Geothermal storage device for providing household energy comprises a storage chamber with an upper seal and a lateral seal and a moistening system arranged in the region below the upper seal
PL2198209T3 (en) 2007-09-07 2011-09-30 Oesterwitz Karl Heinz Geothermal energy accumulator having a vapor barrier and method for utilizing vaporization heat in the geothermal energy accumulator
CN105371486B (en) * 2015-11-10 2017-12-01 重庆金鑫智慧科技有限公司 The efficiently portable warm-air drier of the vortex-like heater of multi-angle multistage
CN105352176B (en) * 2015-11-10 2017-11-24 重庆金鑫智慧科技有限公司 The portable warm-air drier of the porous heater of angle adjustable
CN105371485B (en) * 2015-11-10 2017-12-08 重庆金鑫智慧科技有限公司 The portable warm-air drier of angle adjustable multistage heater
CN110081499A (en) * 2019-04-23 2019-08-02 单县多米石墨烯科技有限公司 A kind of heating module, manufacture craft and heating system

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GB1518791A (en) * 1975-10-06 1978-07-26 Drg Uk Ltd Electric space heaters
US4469936A (en) * 1983-04-22 1984-09-04 Johnson Matthey, Inc. Heating element suitable for electric space heaters
KR100352892B1 (en) * 2000-05-22 2002-09-16 주식회사 팍스텍 Method for manufacturing thin film heating material and heating device thereof
DE20308574U1 (en) * 2003-06-02 2003-08-21 Dienstleistungsgruppe GmbH, 99706 Sondershausen Heater unit for generation of infrared radiation for area heating has radiation element consisting filler and strengthening materials and electrically conductive powder mixture

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU217559U1 (en) * 2022-12-29 2023-04-05 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Южно-Уральский государственный аграрный университет" (ФГБОУ ВО Южно-Уральский ГАУ) electric heater

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE502004004930D1 (en) 2007-10-25
EP1523223A3 (en) 2005-04-20
ATE373403T1 (en) 2007-09-15
EP1523223A2 (en) 2005-04-13

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