EP1512208A2 - Device for protecting an electric power distribution network - Google Patents

Device for protecting an electric power distribution network

Info

Publication number
EP1512208A2
EP1512208A2 EP03752806A EP03752806A EP1512208A2 EP 1512208 A2 EP1512208 A2 EP 1512208A2 EP 03752806 A EP03752806 A EP 03752806A EP 03752806 A EP03752806 A EP 03752806A EP 1512208 A2 EP1512208 A2 EP 1512208A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
network
discrimination system
protection device
varistor
spark gap
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03752806A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Gérard Serrie
Hervé LINDEPERG
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB France SAS
Original Assignee
Soule Protection Surtensions SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Soule Protection Surtensions SA filed Critical Soule Protection Surtensions SA
Publication of EP1512208A2 publication Critical patent/EP1512208A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/44—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to the rate of change of electrical quantities
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
    • H02H9/06—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage using spark-gap arresters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
    • H02H9/042—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage comprising means to limit the absorbed power or indicate damaged over-voltage protection device

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for protecting an electrical energy distribution network against transient overvoltages.
  • the present invention relates to a device (2, 102, 202, 302) for protecting an electrical energy distribution network (1, 201) against transient overvoltages, comprising a discrimination system (4, 204) capable of measuring in the network the rate of change of the voltage as a function of time and, if the latter is greater than a predetermined value, to put this network in electrical connection with at least one conductive component (5, 205) connected to earth (3 , 203).
  • the present invention also relates to a device for protecting (202, 302) a network (1, 201) for distributing electrical energy against transient overvoltages, comprising a discrimination system (4, 204) capable of measuring in the network. the rate of change of the voltage as a function of time and, if the latter is greater than a predetermined value, to put this network in electrical connection with at least one varistor (205) connected to earth (3, 203).
  • Electric power distribution networks can be the site of two main types of overvoltages.
  • transient overvoltages which are mainly created by lightning strikes on or near electrical lines and installations, the duration of which is of the order of a few tens or hundreds of microseconds, and the amplitude of which can exceed ten kilovolts.
  • temporary overvoltages which are due to faults in the network, in particular following the transmission to the low voltage network of faults occurring in the medium voltage network, the duration of which can vary from several milliseconds to several minutes, and the amplitude of which does not exceed 1500 volts for a 230/400 volt network.
  • the purpose of the electrical network protection devices is to protect the latter against transient overvoltages, temporary overvoltages, due to their low amplitude, being compatible with the dielectric strength of the connected equipment and materials. It is therefore undesirable for the protective devices to be triggered in the event of a temporary overvoltage, since direct short-circuiting to earth can have damaging consequences.
  • the protection devices belonging to the state of the art meet this condition by triggering, for a 230/400 volt network, only from an overvoltage threshold greater than 1500 volts corresponding to the maximum amplitude d '' a temporary overvoltage.
  • an overvoltage threshold greater than 1500 volts corresponding to the maximum amplitude d '' a temporary overvoltage.
  • the overvoltage has already reached values of the order of 2500-3000 volts and can generate significant damage.
  • a protection device comprises a discrimination system able to measure in the network the rate of change of the voltage as a function of time and, if the latter is greater than a predetermined value, to put this network in electrical connection with at least one conductive component connected to earth.
  • the rate of change of the voltage as a function of time is respectively of the order of 10 7 to 10 8 volts per second in the case of a transient overvoltage, and of 10 6 volts per second in the case of a temporary overvoltage of frequency 50 Hertz whatever its duration .
  • the discrimination system which constantly measures the du / dt in the network, is then able, when the du / dt is greater than this predetermined value, to put said network in electrical connection with at least one conductive component connected to earth.
  • This protection device therefore remains inactive in the case of a temporary overvoltage, and has the advantage of being triggered before the transient overvoltage is effective in the network, which allows clipping as soon as the threshold value is exceeded. in the network.
  • the discrimination system comprises a low-pass filter.
  • the latter can be achieved using electronic components analog, of the resistor and capacitor type, but also by digital signal processing methods known to those skilled in the art.
  • each conductive component is constituted by a spark gap provided with a priming electrode connected to the discrimination system.
  • the spark gap therefore comprises, in addition to its main electrodes, generally two in number, at least one additional ignition electrode which can be activated, preferably directly, by the discrimination system.
  • the discrimination system and the spark gap are connected in series.
  • the discrimination system and the spark gap are mounted in parallel.
  • each conductive component consists of a varistor.
  • each varistor is connected to a switching device controlled by the discrimination system, this switching device possibly consisting of a thyristor or any other sufficiently rapid switching means.
  • the discrimination system and the varistor are connected in series.
  • the discrimination system and the varistor are mounted in parallel.
  • FIG. 1 is a comparative diagram representing the evolution over time of a nominal voltage 50 Hertz, a temporary overvoltage and a transient overvoltage.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an electrical circuit in which is integrated a protection device according to the invention comprising a discrimination system and a spark gap mounted in series.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an electrical circuit in which is integrated another protection device according to the invention comprising a discrimination system and a varistor connected in series.
  • Figure 5 is similar to Figure 4, with the only difference that the discrimination system and the varistor are mounted in parallel.
  • the invention relates to a device (2, 102, 202, 302) for protecting an electrical energy distribution network (1, 201) against transient overvoltages, comprising a discrimination system (4, 204) capable of measuring in the network the rate of change of the voltage as a function of time and, if the latter is greater than a predetermined value, to put this network in electrical connection with at least one conductive component (5, 205) connected to earth (3, 203), characterized in that said at least one conductive component consists of a spark gap (5) provided with a priming electrode (8) connected to the discrimination system (4).
  • the invention also relates, independently or in combination, to a device (202, 302) for protecting a network (1, 201) of electrical energy distribution against transient overvoltages, comprising a discrimination system (4, 204) able to measure in the network the rate of change of the voltage as a function of time and, if the latter is greater than a predetermined value, to put this network in electrical connection with at least one varistor (205) connected to earth (3, 203), characterized in that the discrimination system (204) and the varistor (205) are mounted in parallel.
  • a first curve A of constant amplitude materializes the evolution of the nominal voltage 50 Hertz over time.
  • This curve A has vertices 100 which are all less than the value 1500 volts.
  • a second curve B corresponds to the evolution of a temporary voltage over time.
  • This curve B is also of constant amplitude but it has vertices 200 slightly greater than the value 1500 volts.
  • a third curve C materializes the evolution over time of a temporary overvoltage. It is then possible to note that such a temporary overvoltage is very brief in time, but that it presents a peak 300 source of damage greatly exceeding the value 1500 volts.
  • the electrical circuit shown schematically in Figure 2 comprises a 230/400 volt network, consisting of a cable 1 distributor of electrical energy, to which is connected a protection device 2 according to the invention connected to earth 3. More precisely, the protective device 2 is constituted by a discrimination system 4 and a spark gap 5 both mounted in series, the spark gap 5 being directly connected to the ground 3.
  • the discrimination system 4 contains an analog low-pass filter (not shown), and l the spark gap 5 comprises, on the one hand, two electrodes 6, 7, and on the other hand, a priming electrode 8 electrically connected to the discrimination system 4.
  • the analog low-pass filter is chosen to be on only when the rate of change of the voltage as a function of time (du / dt) measured in the cable 1 is greater than or equal to a predetermined value of 10 7 volts per second , that is to say when the du / dt definitely corresponds to a transient overvoltage. Consequently, as long as the measured du / dt is less than this predetermined value, the protection device 2 remains inactive.
  • the analog low-pass filter detects in the cable 1 a du / dt greater than this predetermined value, the latter delivers a voltage pulse which is transmitted to the spark gap 5 by means of the priming electrode 8. The latter then gives rise to an auxiliary arc making it possible to ionize the environment surrounding the electrodes 6, 7, which causes the spark gap 5 to ignite. It should be noted that this voltage pulse could also be sent to the ignition electrode 8 via an amplifier. Furthermore, to obtain this ionization, it could also be envisaged to use a light source or a laser source controlled by the discrimination system 4 in place of the ignition electrode 8.
  • the electrical circuit shown schematically in Figure 3 differs from that shown in Figure 2 only in that the discrimination system 4 and the spark gap 5 are mounted in parallel, the discrimination system 4 then being also connected to the earth 3.
  • the operation of protection device 102 remains similar to that described above.
  • the electrical circuit represented in FIG. 4 comprises a 230/400 volt network, constituted by a cable 201 distributing electrical energy, to which is connected a protection device 202 according to the invention connected to earth 203.
  • the protection device 202 includes a discrimination system 204 containing an analog low-pass filter (not shown) and a varistor 205 connected in series, the varistor 205 being connected to earth 203.
  • a switching device 210 advantageously constituted by a thyristor controlled by the discrimination system 204, is also provided. This switching device 210 can only be turned on when the discrimination system 204 has detected a du / dt greater than the predetermined value in the cable 201.
  • the analog low-pass filter detects in the cable 201 a du / dt greater than the predetermined value, the latter acts on the thyristor so that it authorizes the electrical connection of the varistor 205 with the cable 201.
  • the varistor 205 is then subjected to the tension of the cable 201 and makes it possible to avoid any damage that may be generated by the transient overvoltage.
  • the electrical circuit shown schematically in Figure 5 differs from that shown in Figure 4 only in that the discrimination system 204 and the varistor 205 are connected in parallel, the discrimination system 204 then also being connected to earth 203.
  • the operation of this protection device 302 remains similar to that described above.
  • a protection device (not shown) according to the present invention constituting a variant of the protection devices 202, 302 can comprise a reverse logic discrimination system.
  • the varistor is permanently in the electrical circuit and it is only disconnected during a temporary overvoltage.
  • the discrimination system must therefore be triggered when the overvoltage measured in the network has a sufficiently low growth rate to guarantee that it is indeed a temporary overvoltage and not a temporary overvoltage.
  • the varistor is therefore less protected against aging, but in the event of a failure of the discrimination system, we are left with a conventional protection device.
  • the switching device which must allow the disconnection of the varistor no longer needs to be as fast, and it is then possible to choose a current component and inexpensive such as an electromechanical relay.
  • the invention finds its industrial application in the design and manufacture of surge protection devices.

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  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a device for protecting (2) an electric power distribution network (1) against transient voltage surges, characterized in that it comprises a discriminating system (4) capable of measuring in the network the voltage variation rate in time and, if the latter is higher than a predetermined value, of electrically connecting said network with at least a conductor component (5) connected to the ground (3). The inventive device provides protection against surge voltages.

Description

DISPOSITIF DE PROTECTION D'UN RESEAU DE DISTRIBUTION DEVICE FOR PROTECTING A DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
D'ENERGIE ELECTRIQUEELECTRICAL ENERGY
DOMAINE TECHNIQUETECHNICAL AREA
La présente invention se rapporte à un dispositif de protection d'un réseau de distribution d'énergie électrique contre des surtensions transitoires.The present invention relates to a device for protecting an electrical energy distribution network against transient overvoltages.
La présente invention concerne un dispositif de protection (2, 102, 202, 302) d'un réseau (1 , 201) de distribution d'énergie électrique contre des surtensions transitoires, comprenant un système de discrimination (4, 204) apte à mesurer dans le réseau le taux de variation de la tension en fonction du temps et, si ce dernier est supérieur à une valeur prédéterminée, à mettre ce réseau en liaison électrique avec au moins un composant conducteur (5, 205) relié à la terre (3, 203).The present invention relates to a device (2, 102, 202, 302) for protecting an electrical energy distribution network (1, 201) against transient overvoltages, comprising a discrimination system (4, 204) capable of measuring in the network the rate of change of the voltage as a function of time and, if the latter is greater than a predetermined value, to put this network in electrical connection with at least one conductive component (5, 205) connected to earth (3 , 203).
La présente invention concerne également un dispositif de protection (202, 302) d'un réseau (1 , 201) de distribution d'énergie électrique contre des surtensions transitoires, comprenant un système de discrimination (4, 204) apte à mesurer dans le réseau le taux de variation de la tension en fonction du temps et, si ce dernier est supérieur à une valeur prédéterminée, à mettre ce réseau en liaison électrique avec au moins une varistance (205) reliée à la terre (3, 203).The present invention also relates to a device for protecting (202, 302) a network (1, 201) for distributing electrical energy against transient overvoltages, comprising a discrimination system (4, 204) capable of measuring in the network. the rate of change of the voltage as a function of time and, if the latter is greater than a predetermined value, to put this network in electrical connection with at least one varistor (205) connected to earth (3, 203).
TECHNIQUE ANTERIEUREPRIOR ART
Les réseaux de distribution d'énergie électrique peuvent être le siège de deux principaux types de surtensions. D'une part, les surtensions transitoires qui sont principalement créées par les impacts de foudre sur ou à proximité des lignes et des installations électriques, dont la durée est de l'ordre de quelques dizaines ou centaines de microsecondes, et dont l'amplitude peut excéder une dizaine de kilovolts. D'autre part, les surtensions temporaires qui sont dues à des défauts dans le réseau, notamment à la suite de la transmission vers le réseau basse tension de défauts se produisant dans le réseau moyenne tension, dont la durée peut varier de plusieurs millisecondes à plusieurs minutes, et dont l'amplitude n'excède pas 1500 volts pour un réseau 230/400 volts.Electric power distribution networks can be the site of two main types of overvoltages. On the one hand, transient overvoltages which are mainly created by lightning strikes on or near electrical lines and installations, the duration of which is of the order of a few tens or hundreds of microseconds, and the amplitude of which can exceed ten kilovolts. On the other hand, temporary overvoltages which are due to faults in the network, in particular following the transmission to the low voltage network of faults occurring in the medium voltage network, the duration of which can vary from several milliseconds to several minutes, and the amplitude of which does not exceed 1500 volts for a 230/400 volt network.
Les dispositifs de protection des réseaux électriques ont pour but de protéger ces derniers contre les surtensions transitoires, les surtensions temporaires, du fait de leur faible amplitude, étant compatibles avec la tenue diélectrique des équipements et matériels raccordés. Il n'est donc pas souhaitable que les dispositifs de protection se déclenchent en cas de surtension temporaire car la mise en court-circuit direct avec la terre peut entraîner des conséquences dommageables.The purpose of the electrical network protection devices is to protect the latter against transient overvoltages, temporary overvoltages, due to their low amplitude, being compatible with the dielectric strength of the connected equipment and materials. It is therefore undesirable for the protective devices to be triggered in the event of a temporary overvoltage, since direct short-circuiting to earth can have damaging consequences.
Les dispositifs de protection appartenant à l'état de la technique répondent à cette condition en ne se déclenchant, pour un réseau 230/400 volts, qu'à partir d'un seuil de surtension supérieur à 1500 volts correspondant à l'amplitude maximale d'une surtension temporaire. Néanmoins, entre le moment où une surtension transitoire est détectée et le moment où les dispositifs de protection sont véritablement actifs, la surtension a déjà atteint des valeurs de l'ordre de 2500-3000 volts et peut générer des dégâts importants.The protection devices belonging to the state of the art meet this condition by triggering, for a 230/400 volt network, only from an overvoltage threshold greater than 1500 volts corresponding to the maximum amplitude d '' a temporary overvoltage. However, between the moment when a transient overvoltage is detected and the moment when the protection devices are truly active, the overvoltage has already reached values of the order of 2500-3000 volts and can generate significant damage.
EXPOSE DE L'INVENTIONSTATEMENT OF THE INVENTION
La présente invention a pour objet de répondre aux problèmes évoqués précédemment, et concerne à cet effet un dispositif de protection d'un réseau de distribution d'énergie électrique contre les surtensions transitoires, qui ne se déclenche pas dans le cas d'une surtension temporaire, mais qui écrête les surtensions transitoires à un niveau très bas. Pour ce faire, un dispositif de protection selon l'invention comprend un système de discrimination apte à mesurer dans le réseau le taux de variation de la tension en fonction du temps et, si ce dernier est supérieur à une valeur prédéterminée, à mettre ce réseau en liaison électrique avec au moins un composant conducteur relié à la terre.The object of the present invention is to respond to the problems mentioned above, and to this end relates to a device for protecting a network. distribution of electrical energy against transient overvoltages, which does not trigger in the case of a temporary overvoltage, but which clips the transient overvoltages to a very low level. To do this, a protection device according to the invention comprises a discrimination system able to measure in the network the rate of change of the voltage as a function of time and, if the latter is greater than a predetermined value, to put this network in electrical connection with at least one conductive component connected to earth.
En effet, dans un réseau 230/400 volts par exemple, compte tenu des durées et amplitudes respectives d'une surtension transitoire et d'une surtension temporaire, le taux de variation de la tension en fonction du temps, ci-après nommé du/dt, est respectivement de l'ordre de 107 à 108 volts par seconde dans le cas d'une surtension transitoire, et de 106 volts par seconde dans le cas d'une surtension temporaire de fréquence 50 Hertz quelle que soit sa durée. Il y a donc au moins une grandeur d'écart entre le du/dt d'une tension transitoire et le du/dt d'une surtension temporaire, et il est ainsi possible de définir une valeur prédéterminée intercalaire permettant de définir de façon fiable à quel type de surtension est soumis le réseau. Le système de discrimination, qui mesure constamment le du/dt dans le réseau, est alors apte, lorsque le du/dt est supérieur à cette valeur prédéterminée, à mettre ledit réseau en liaison électrique avec au moins un composant conducteur relié à la terre. Ce dispositif de protection reste par conséquent inactif dans le cas d'une surtension temporaire, et présente l'avantage de se déclencher avant que la surtension transitoire ne soit effective dans le réseau, ce qui autorise un écrêtage dès lors que la valeur seuil est dépassée dans le réseau.Indeed, in a 230/400 volt network for example, taking into account the respective durations and amplitudes of a transient overvoltage and a temporary overvoltage, the rate of change of the voltage as a function of time, hereinafter referred to as / dt, is respectively of the order of 10 7 to 10 8 volts per second in the case of a transient overvoltage, and of 10 6 volts per second in the case of a temporary overvoltage of frequency 50 Hertz whatever its duration . There is therefore at least one magnitude of difference between the du / dt of a transient voltage and the du / dt of a temporary overvoltage, and it is thus possible to define a predetermined intermediate value making it possible to define reliably at what type of overvoltage the network is subjected to. The discrimination system, which constantly measures the du / dt in the network, is then able, when the du / dt is greater than this predetermined value, to put said network in electrical connection with at least one conductive component connected to earth. This protection device therefore remains inactive in the case of a temporary overvoltage, and has the advantage of being triggered before the transient overvoltage is effective in the network, which allows clipping as soon as the threshold value is exceeded. in the network.
Avantageusement, le système de discrimination comprend un filtre passe- bas. Ce dernier peut être réalisé à l'aide de composants électroniques analogiques, du type résistance et condensateur, mais également par des méthodes de traitement numérique du signal connues de l'homme du métier.Advantageously, the discrimination system comprises a low-pass filter. The latter can be achieved using electronic components analog, of the resistor and capacitor type, but also by digital signal processing methods known to those skilled in the art.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, chaque composant conducteur est constitué par un éclateur muni d'une électrode d'amorçage reliée au système de discrimination.According to one embodiment of the invention, each conductive component is constituted by a spark gap provided with a priming electrode connected to the discrimination system.
L'éclateur comprend donc, outre ses électrodes principales généralement au nombre de deux, au moins une électrode supplémentaire d'amorçage activable, de préférence directement, par le système de discrimination.The spark gap therefore comprises, in addition to its main electrodes, generally two in number, at least one additional ignition electrode which can be activated, preferably directly, by the discrimination system.
Selon une première variante de réalisation, le système de discrimination et l'éclateur sont montés en série.According to a first alternative embodiment, the discrimination system and the spark gap are connected in series.
Selon une seconde variante de réalisation, le système de discrimination et l'éclateur sont montés en parallèle.According to a second alternative embodiment, the discrimination system and the spark gap are mounted in parallel.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention, chaque composant conducteur est constitué par une varistance. Préférentiellement, chaque varistance est reliée à un dispositif de commutation commandé par le système de discrimination, ce dispositif de commutation pouvant consister en un thyristor ou en tout autre moyen de commutation suffisamment rapide.According to another embodiment of the invention, each conductive component consists of a varistor. Preferably, each varistor is connected to a switching device controlled by the discrimination system, this switching device possibly consisting of a thyristor or any other sufficiently rapid switching means.
Selon une première variante de réalisation, le système de discrimination et la varistance sont montés en série.According to a first alternative embodiment, the discrimination system and the varistor are connected in series.
Selon une seconde variante de réalisation, le système de discrimination et la varistance sont montés en parallèle. DESCRIPTIF SOMMAIRE DES DESSINSAccording to a second alternative embodiment, the discrimination system and the varistor are mounted in parallel. SUMMARY OF DRAWINGS
L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide de la description détaillée qui est exposée ci-dessous en regard du dessin annexé dans lequel :The invention will be better understood using the detailed description which is set out below with reference to the appended drawing in which:
- La figure 1 est un diagramme comparatif représentant l'évolution au cours du temps d'une tension nominale 50 Hertz, d'une surtension temporaire et d'une surtension transitoire.- Figure 1 is a comparative diagram representing the evolution over time of a nominal voltage 50 Hertz, a temporary overvoltage and a transient overvoltage.
- La figure 2 est une vue schématique d'un circuit électrique dans lequel est intégré un dispositif de protection selon l'invention comprenant un système de discrimination et un éclateur montés en série.- Figure 2 is a schematic view of an electrical circuit in which is integrated a protection device according to the invention comprising a discrimination system and a spark gap mounted in series.
- La figure 3 est similaire à la figure 2, à la seule différence que le système de discrimination et l'éclateur sont montés en parallèle.- Figure 3 is similar to Figure 2, with the only difference that the discrimination system and the spark gap are mounted in parallel.
- La figure 4 est une vue schématique d'un circuit électrique dans lequel est intégré un autre dispositif de protection selon l'invention comprenant un système de discrimination et une varistance montés en série.- Figure 4 is a schematic view of an electrical circuit in which is integrated another protection device according to the invention comprising a discrimination system and a varistor connected in series.
- La figure 5 est similaire à la figure 4, à la seule différence que le système de discrimination et la varistance sont montés en parallèle.- Figure 5 is similar to Figure 4, with the only difference that the discrimination system and the varistor are mounted in parallel.
MEILLEURE MANIERE DE REALISER L'INVENTIONBEST WAY TO IMPLEMENT THE INVENTION
L'invention concerne un dispositif de protection (2, 102, 202, 302) d'un réseau (1 , 201 ) de distribution d'énergie électrique contre des surtensions transitoires, comprenant un système de discrimination (4, 204) apte à mesurer dans le réseau le taux de variation de la tension en fonction du temps et, si ce dernier est supérieur à une valeur prédéterminée, à mettre ce réseau en liaison électrique avec au moins un composant conducteur (5, 205) relié à la terre (3, 203), caractérisé en ce que ledit au moins un composant conducteur est constitué par un éclateur (5) muni d'une électrode d'amorçage (8) reliée au système de discrimination (4).The invention relates to a device (2, 102, 202, 302) for protecting an electrical energy distribution network (1, 201) against transient overvoltages, comprising a discrimination system (4, 204) capable of measuring in the network the rate of change of the voltage as a function of time and, if the latter is greater than a predetermined value, to put this network in electrical connection with at least one conductive component (5, 205) connected to earth (3, 203), characterized in that said at least one conductive component consists of a spark gap (5) provided with a priming electrode (8) connected to the discrimination system (4).
L'invention concerne également, de façon indépendante ou en combinaison, un dispositif de protection (202, 302) d'un réseau (1 , 201) de distribution d'énergie électrique contre des surtensions transitoires, comprenant un système de discrimination (4, 204) apte à mesurer dans le réseau le taux de variation de la tension en fonction du temps et, si ce dernier est supérieur à une valeur prédéterminée, à mettre ce réseau en liaison électrique avec au moins une varistance (205) reliée à la terre (3, 203), caractérisé en ce que le système de discrimination (204) et la varistance (205) sont montés en parallèle.The invention also relates, independently or in combination, to a device (202, 302) for protecting a network (1, 201) of electrical energy distribution against transient overvoltages, comprising a discrimination system (4, 204) able to measure in the network the rate of change of the voltage as a function of time and, if the latter is greater than a predetermined value, to put this network in electrical connection with at least one varistor (205) connected to earth (3, 203), characterized in that the discrimination system (204) and the varistor (205) are mounted in parallel.
Dans le diagramme représenté à la figure 1 , une première courbe A d'amplitude constante matérialise l'évolution de la tension nominale 50 Hertz au cours du temps. Cette courbe A présente des sommets 100 qui sont tous inférieurs à la valeur 1500 volts. Une deuxième courbe B correspond à l'évolution d'une tension temporaire au cours du temps. Cette courbe B est également d'amplitude constante mais elle possède des sommets 200 légèrement supérieurs à la valeur 1500 volts. Enfin, une troisième courbe C matérialise l'évolution au cours du temps d'une surtension provisoire. Il est alors possible de constater qu'une telle surtension provisoire est très brève dans le temps, mais qu'elle présente un pic 300 source de dommages dépassant très largement la valeur 1500 volts.In the diagram represented in FIG. 1, a first curve A of constant amplitude materializes the evolution of the nominal voltage 50 Hertz over time. This curve A has vertices 100 which are all less than the value 1500 volts. A second curve B corresponds to the evolution of a temporary voltage over time. This curve B is also of constant amplitude but it has vertices 200 slightly greater than the value 1500 volts. Finally, a third curve C materializes the evolution over time of a temporary overvoltage. It is then possible to note that such a temporary overvoltage is very brief in time, but that it presents a peak 300 source of damage greatly exceeding the value 1500 volts.
Le circuit électrique représenté de façon schématique à la figure 2 comprend un réseau 230/400 volts, constitué par un câble 1 distributeur d'énergie électrique, sur lequel est connecté un dispositif de protection 2 selon l'invention raccordé à la terre 3. Plus précisément, le dispositif de protection 2 est constitué par un système de discrimination 4 et un éclateur 5 montés tous deux en série, l'éclateur 5 étant directement relié à la terre 3. Le système de discrimination 4 contient un filtre passe-bas analogique (non représenté), et l'éclateur 5 comporte, d'une part, deux électrodes 6, 7, et d'autre part, une électrode d'amorçage 8 reliée électriquement au système de discrimination 4.The electrical circuit shown schematically in Figure 2 comprises a 230/400 volt network, consisting of a cable 1 distributor of electrical energy, to which is connected a protection device 2 according to the invention connected to earth 3. More precisely, the protective device 2 is constituted by a discrimination system 4 and a spark gap 5 both mounted in series, the spark gap 5 being directly connected to the ground 3. The discrimination system 4 contains an analog low-pass filter (not shown), and l the spark gap 5 comprises, on the one hand, two electrodes 6, 7, and on the other hand, a priming electrode 8 electrically connected to the discrimination system 4.
Le filtre passe-bas analogique est choisi pour n'être passant que lorsque le taux de variation de la tension en fonction du temps (du/dt) mesuré dans le câble 1 est supérieur ou égal à une valeur prédéterminée de 107 volts par seconde, c'est-à-dire lorsque le du/dt correspond de façon certaine à une surtension transitoire. Par conséquent, tant que le du/dt mesuré est inférieur à cette valeur prédéterminée, le dispositif de protection 2 reste inactif.The analog low-pass filter is chosen to be on only when the rate of change of the voltage as a function of time (du / dt) measured in the cable 1 is greater than or equal to a predetermined value of 10 7 volts per second , that is to say when the du / dt definitely corresponds to a transient overvoltage. Consequently, as long as the measured du / dt is less than this predetermined value, the protection device 2 remains inactive.
Lorsque, par exemple à la suite d'un impact de foudre, le filtre passe-bas analogique détecte dans le câble 1 un du/dt supérieur à cette valeur prédéterminée, ce dernier délivre une impulsion de tension qui est transmise à l'éclateur 5 par le biais de l'électrode d'amorçage 8. Cette dernière donne alors naissance à un arc auxiliaire permettant d'ioniser le milieu environnant les électrodes 6, 7, ce qui provoque l'amorçage de l'éclateur 5. Il est à noter que cette impulsion de tension pourrait également être envoyée à l'électrode d'amorçage 8 par l'intermédiaire d'un amplificateur. Par ailleurs, pour obtenir cette ionisation, il pourrait également être envisagé d'utiliser une source lumineuse ou une source laser commandée par le système de discrimination 4 en lieu et place de l'électrode d'amorçage 8. Lorsque l'éclateur 5 devient actif et donc apte à décharger la quantité d'énergie électrique due à la surtension transitoire, cette dernière vient juste d'atteindre une valeur légèrement supérieure à 1500 volts dans le câble 1. Un tel dispositif de protection 2 autorise donc un écrêtage à un niveau très bas. Bien que la description se rapporte plus spécialement à un réseau 230/400 volts, il est évident qu'un dispositif de protection selon la présente invention, moyennant quelques aménagements à la portée de l'homme du métier, peut s'appliquer quel que soit le type du réseau à protéger.When, for example following a lightning strike, the analog low-pass filter detects in the cable 1 a du / dt greater than this predetermined value, the latter delivers a voltage pulse which is transmitted to the spark gap 5 by means of the priming electrode 8. The latter then gives rise to an auxiliary arc making it possible to ionize the environment surrounding the electrodes 6, 7, which causes the spark gap 5 to ignite. It should be noted that this voltage pulse could also be sent to the ignition electrode 8 via an amplifier. Furthermore, to obtain this ionization, it could also be envisaged to use a light source or a laser source controlled by the discrimination system 4 in place of the ignition electrode 8. When the spark gap 5 becomes active and therefore capable of discharging the quantity of electrical energy due to the transient overvoltage, the latter has just reached a value slightly greater than 1500 volts in the cable 1. Such a protection device 2 therefore allows clipping at a very low level. low. Although the description relates more specifically to a 230/400 volt network, it is obvious that a protection device according to the present invention, provided some modifications within the reach of a person skilled in the art, can apply whatever the type of network to be protected.
Le circuit électrique représenté de façon schématique à la figure 3 diffère de celui représenté à la figure 2 uniquement par le fait que le système de discrimination 4 et l'éclateur 5 sont montés en parallèle, le système de discrimination 4 étant alors également relié à la terre 3. Le fonctionnement du dispositif de protection 102 reste similaire à celui décrit précédemment.The electrical circuit shown schematically in Figure 3 differs from that shown in Figure 2 only in that the discrimination system 4 and the spark gap 5 are mounted in parallel, the discrimination system 4 then being also connected to the earth 3. The operation of protection device 102 remains similar to that described above.
Le circuit électrique représenté à la figure 4 comprend un réseau 230/400 volts, constitué par un câble 201 distributeur d'énergie électrique, sur lequel est connecté un dispositif de protection 202 selon l'invention raccordé à la terre 203. Plus précisément, le dispositif de protection 202 comprend un système de discrimination 204 contenant un filtre passe-bas analogique (non représenté) et une varistance 205 montés en série, la varistance 205 étant reliée à la terre 203. Toute varistance présentant l'inconvénient de se dégrader prématurément lorsqu'elle est alimentée continuellement par un courant électrique, un dispositif de commutation 210, constitué avantageusement par un thyristor commandé par le système de discrimination 204, est également prévu. Ce dispositif de commutation 210 ne peut être rendu passant que lorsque le système de discrimination 204 a détecté un du/dt supérieur à la valeur prédéterminée dans le câble 201.The electrical circuit represented in FIG. 4 comprises a 230/400 volt network, constituted by a cable 201 distributing electrical energy, to which is connected a protection device 202 according to the invention connected to earth 203. More precisely, the protection device 202 includes a discrimination system 204 containing an analog low-pass filter (not shown) and a varistor 205 connected in series, the varistor 205 being connected to earth 203. Any varistor having the disadvantage of degrading prematurely when 'it is continuously supplied by an electric current, a switching device 210, advantageously constituted by a thyristor controlled by the discrimination system 204, is also provided. This switching device 210 can only be turned on when the discrimination system 204 has detected a du / dt greater than the predetermined value in the cable 201.
Comme précédemment, lorsque le filtre passe-bas analogique détecte dans le câble 201 un du/dt supérieur à la valeur prédéterminée, ce dernier agit sur le thyristor de façon à ce que celui-ci autorise la mise en liaison électrique de la varistance 205 avec le câble 201. La varistance 205 est alors soumise à la tension du câble 201 et permet d'éviter tout dommage pouvant être généré par la surtension transitoire. Le circuit électrique représenté de façon schématique à la figure 5 diffère de celui représenté à la figure 4 uniquement par le fait que le système de discrimination 204 et la varistance 205 sont montés en parallèle, le système de discrimination 204 étant alors également relié à la terre 203. Le fonctionnement de ce dispositif de protection 302 reste similaire à celui décrit précédemment.As before, when the analog low-pass filter detects in the cable 201 a du / dt greater than the predetermined value, the latter acts on the thyristor so that it authorizes the electrical connection of the varistor 205 with the cable 201. The varistor 205 is then subjected to the tension of the cable 201 and makes it possible to avoid any damage that may be generated by the transient overvoltage. The electrical circuit shown schematically in Figure 5 differs from that shown in Figure 4 only in that the discrimination system 204 and the varistor 205 are connected in parallel, the discrimination system 204 then also being connected to earth 203. The operation of this protection device 302 remains similar to that described above.
Un dispositif de protection (non représenté) selon la présente invention constituant une variante des dispositifs de protection 202, 302 peut comprendre un système de discrimination à logique inversée. Dans ce cas là, la varistance est en permanence dans le circuit électrique et elle n'en est déconnectée que lors d'une surtension temporaire. Le système de discrimination doit donc se déclencher lorsque la surtension mesurée dans le réseau présente un taux de croissance suffisamment faible pour garantir qu'il s'agit bien d'une surtension temporaire et non d'une surtension provisoire. La varistance est alors moins protégée contre le vieillissement, mais en cas de défaillance du système de discrimination, on se retrouve avec un dispositif de protection classique. Pour une telle configuration, du fait de la plus faible fréquence de la surtension temporaire, le dispositif de commutation qui doit permettre la déconnexion de la varistance n'a plus besoin d'être aussi rapide, et il est alors possible de choisir un composant courant et peu coûteux tel qu'un relais électromécanique.A protection device (not shown) according to the present invention constituting a variant of the protection devices 202, 302 can comprise a reverse logic discrimination system. In this case, the varistor is permanently in the electrical circuit and it is only disconnected during a temporary overvoltage. The discrimination system must therefore be triggered when the overvoltage measured in the network has a sufficiently low growth rate to guarantee that it is indeed a temporary overvoltage and not a temporary overvoltage. The varistor is therefore less protected against aging, but in the event of a failure of the discrimination system, we are left with a conventional protection device. For such a configuration, because of the lower frequency of the temporary overvoltage, the switching device which must allow the disconnection of the varistor no longer needs to be as fast, and it is then possible to choose a current component and inexpensive such as an electromechanical relay.
Bien que l'invention ait été décrite en liaison avec des exemples particuliers de réalisation, il est bien évident qu'elle n'y est nullement limitée et qu'elle comprend tous les équivalents techniques des moyens décrits ainsi que leurs combinaisons si celles-ci entrent dans le cadre de l'invention. POSSIBILITE D'APPLICATION INDUSTRIELLEAlthough the invention has been described in connection with particular embodiments, it is obvious that it is in no way limited thereto and that it includes all the technical equivalents of the means described as well as their combinations if these are within the scope of the invention. POSSIBILITY OF INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION
L'invention trouve son application industrielle dans la conception et la fabrication de dispositifs de protection contre les surtensions. The invention finds its industrial application in the design and manufacture of surge protection devices.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
- Dispositif de protection (2, 102, 202, 302) d'un réseau (1 , 201) de distribution d'énergie électrique contre des surtensions transitoires, comprenant un système de discrimination (4, 204) apte à mesurer dans le réseau le taux de variation de la tension en fonction du temps et, si ce dernier est supérieur à une valeur prédéterminée, à mettre ce réseau en liaison électrique avec au moins un composant conducteur (5, 205) relié à la terre (3, 203), caractérisé en ce que ledit au moins un composant conducteur est constitué par un éclateur (5) muni d'une électrode d'amorçage (8) reliée au système de discrimination (4).- Protection device (2, 102, 202, 302) of a network (1, 201) of electrical energy distribution against transient overvoltages, comprising a discrimination system (4, 204) capable of measuring in the network the rate of variation of the voltage as a function of time and, if the latter is greater than a predetermined value, to put this network in electrical connection with at least one conductive component (5, 205) connected to earth (3, 203), characterized in that said at least one conductive component consists of a spark gap (5) provided with a priming electrode (8) connected to the discrimination system (4).
- Dispositif de protection (102) selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que le système de discrimination (4) et l'éclateur (5) sont montés en parallèle.- Protection device (102) according to claim 1, characterized in that the discrimination system (4) and the spark gap (5) are mounted in parallel.
- Dispositif de protection (2, 102, 202, 302) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le système de discrimination (4, 204) comprend un filtre passe-bas.- Protection device (2, 102, 202, 302) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the discrimination system (4, 204) comprises a low-pass filter.
- Dispositif de protection (2) selon l'une des revendications 1 et 3, caractérisé en ce que le système de discrimination (4) et l'éclateur (5) sont montés en série.- Protection device (2) according to one of claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the discrimination system (4) and the spark gap (5) are connected in series.
- Dispositif de protection (202, 302) d'un réseau (1 , 201) de distribution d'énergie électrique contre des surtensions transitoires, comprenant un système de discrimination (4, 204) apte à mesurer dans le réseau le taux de variation de la tension en fonction du temps et, si ce dernier est supérieur à une valeur prédéterminée, à mettre ce réseau en liaison électrique avec au moins une varistance (205) reliée à la terre (3, 203), caractérisé en ce que le système de discrimination (204) et la varistance (205) sont montés en parallèle.- Protection device (202, 302) of a network (1, 201) of electrical energy distribution against transient overvoltages, comprising a discrimination system (4, 204) capable of measuring in the network the rate of change of the voltage as a function of time and, if the latter is greater than a predetermined value, to put this network in electrical connection with at least one varistor (205) connected to earth (3, 203), characterized in that the discrimination system (204) and the varistor (205) are mounted in parallel.
- Dispositif de protection (202, 302) selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que chaque varistance (205) est reliée à un dispositif de commutation (210) commandé par le système de discrimination (204).- Protection device (202, 302) according to claim 5, characterized in that each varistor (205) is connected to a switching device (210) controlled by the discrimination system (204).
- Dispositif de protection (202, 302) selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de commutation est constitué par un thyristor. - Protection device (202, 302) according to claim 6, characterized in that the switching device consists of a thyristor.
EP03752806A 2002-05-14 2003-05-14 Device for protecting an electric power distribution network Withdrawn EP1512208A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0205907A FR2839822B1 (en) 2002-05-14 2002-05-14 DEVICE FOR PROTECTING AN ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
FR0205907 2002-05-14
PCT/FR2003/001465 WO2003098767A2 (en) 2002-05-14 2003-05-14 Device for protecting an electric power distribution network

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EP1512208A2 true EP1512208A2 (en) 2005-03-09

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EP (1) EP1512208A2 (en)
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WO (1) WO2003098767A2 (en)

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU714162B2 (en) * 1994-11-29 1999-12-23 Erico Lightning Technologies Pty Ltd Ignition apparatus and method
US6226162B1 (en) * 1999-06-02 2001-05-01 Eaton Corporation Surge suppression network responsive to the rate of change of power disturbances

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO03098767A3 *

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AU2003258759A1 (en) 2003-12-02
FR2839822A1 (en) 2003-11-21
FR2839822B1 (en) 2004-08-27
WO2003098767A2 (en) 2003-11-27
WO2003098767A3 (en) 2004-03-25

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