EP1508198A1 - Procede de realisation de structure de microsysteme a entrefers lateraux et structure de microsysteme correspondante - Google Patents
Procede de realisation de structure de microsysteme a entrefers lateraux et structure de microsysteme correspondanteInfo
- Publication number
- EP1508198A1 EP1508198A1 EP03740599A EP03740599A EP1508198A1 EP 1508198 A1 EP1508198 A1 EP 1508198A1 EP 03740599 A EP03740599 A EP 03740599A EP 03740599 A EP03740599 A EP 03740599A EP 1508198 A1 EP1508198 A1 EP 1508198A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- sacrificial layer
- freedom
- layer
- structural element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- B81C1/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate
- B81C1/00015—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate for manufacturing microsystems
- B81C1/00134—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate for manufacturing microsystems comprising flexible or deformable structures
- B81C1/0015—Cantilevers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H3/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators
- H03H3/007—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators for the manufacture of electromechanical resonators or networks
- H03H3/0072—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators for the manufacture of electromechanical resonators or networks of microelectro-mechanical resonators or networks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- B81C2201/00—Manufacture or treatment of microstructural devices or systems
- B81C2201/01—Manufacture or treatment of microstructural devices or systems in or on a substrate
- B81C2201/0101—Shaping material; Structuring the bulk substrate or layers on the substrate; Film patterning
- B81C2201/0102—Surface micromachining
- B81C2201/0105—Sacrificial layer
- B81C2201/0109—Sacrificial layers not provided for in B81C2201/0107 - B81C2201/0108
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a microsystem with lateral air gaps and the corresponding microsystem structures.
- the current technologies for implementing silicon microsystem structures with lateral air gaps relate to the construction of silicon microsystem structures in which the mechanical characteristics of the structures attached to a substrate, constituting these microsystem structures, are essential, in the extent to which the above mechanical characteristics are decisive for the definition of functional, electromechanical characteristics, of components incorporating the latter.
- the air gap is produced by the oxidation of a polysilicon element.
- the production of the electrodes requires the use of electrolytic deposition of gold.
- the smallest air gap obtained using this process is currently 100 nm.
- the aforementioned process requires particular architectures for the positioning of the electrodes and requires, among other things, connection pads and an additional source of electrical voltage.
- the aforementioned technologies require the implementation of significantly thicker layer structures, in order to obtain satisfactory stability of the mobile structures, vis-à-vis the assembly.
- These relatively large thicknesses systematically translate into an increase in the minimum lateral dimensions, orthogonal to the thickness dimension, implemented in the context of the abovementioned microsystem structure manufacturing technologies.
- all the processes implemented within the framework of these technologies have a substantially constant form factor, the form factor being defined as the ratio between the minimum lateral dimensions and the thickness of the attached structures used to form these microsystem structures.
- the mobile attached structures are actuated by electrostatic transduction, to produce filters, resonators or the like.
- Optimizing the transduction efficiency, and thereby improving the performance of the microsystem structures used requires obtaining lateral air gaps separating a mobile added structure from one or more fixed added structures or mobile, in a direction substantially parallel to the substrate, as narrow as possible.
- the object of the present invention is to solve the problem posed by the existence of the aforementioned incompatibility.
- an object of the present invention is the implementation of a method for producing microsystem structures with lateral air gaps, the air gap width of which is substantially independent of the thickness of the layers making up the added structures and the precision of the etching processes of these layers implemented for the production of these added structures.
- another object of the present invention due to the aforementioned independence, is the implementation of a method for producing microsystem structures with lateral gaps of extremely reduced width.
- Another object of the present invention is also the implementation of microsystem structures comprising structures attached to a substrate, comprising at least one movable attached structure, the lateral air gap separating this movable attached structure from any other added structure having a dimension line density less than 0.1 ⁇ m.
- the process for producing lateral air gaps between structures added to the surface of a support substrate of a microsystem structure, object of the present invention applies to the creation of added structures comprising at least one movable added structure, having two degrees of freedom relative to the substrate, a first degree of freedom in a direction substantially perpendicular to the substrate and a second degree of freedom in a direction substantially parallel to the substrate and to the direction of the air gaps.
- the microsystem structure, object of the present invention comprises structures attached to a substrate, one of the attached structures, mobile structure, having two degrees of freedom relative to this substrate, a first degree of freedom in a substantially perpendicular direction to the substrate and a second degree of freedom in a direction substantially parallel to the substrate. At least one of the other attached structures is fixed and mechanically integral with the substrate.
- the lateral air gap has, in the direction of the second degree of freedom, a linear dimension of less than 0.1 ⁇ m.
- microsystem method and structure which are the subject of the present invention find application in the microsystems industry and technology, in particular for the manufacture of resonators, electromechanical filters, or, more generally, electromechanical components incorporating the latter.
- FIG. 1a shows, by way of illustration, a diagram of implementation of successive steps of the method which is the subject of the present invention
- FIG. 1b shows, by way of illustration, a diagram of implementation of successive steps of a variant of the method which is the subject of the invention, in which the essential steps are applied to a blank of microelectronic structure, for setting implemented on an industrial scale for example
- - Figure 2 shows, by way of illustration, a detailed example of implementation of steps of the method which is the subject of the invention in the variant implementation illustrated in Figure 1b
- - Figure 3 shows, by way of illustration, a perspective view of a microsystem structure according to the object of the present invention
- FIG. 4 shows, by way of illustration, a representation of the topography of a microresonator with lateral vibrating beam incorporating a microsystem structure according to the object of the present invention, as shown in Figure 3;
- FIG. 5 represents, by way of illustration, a representation of the topography of a Lamé mode microresonator incorporating a microsystem structure in accordance with the object of the present invention, represented in FIG. 3.
- the object of the present invention process is to provide lateral air gaps between structures reported on the surface of the support substrate.
- attached structure is meant any mechanical and / or electromechanical structure, such as vibrating mass, electrode and / or wall fixed relative to the substrate, formed on the latter to constitute the aforementioned microelectronic structure.
- These added structures comprise at least one mobile added structure, which is intended to form the vibrating part of a resonator or of a filter for example, this mobile added structure having two degrees of freedom relative to the substrate.
- this mobile added structure having two degrees of freedom relative to the substrate.
- the aforementioned mobile structure is deemed to have a first degree of freedom in a direction substantially perpendicular to the substrate or, more particularly, orthogonal to the surface of the substrate on which the structures are attached, and a second degree of freedom in a direction substantially parallel to the substrate or to the free surface of the latter and, thus, to the direction of the lateral air gaps.
- FIG. 1a it is indicated that the aforementioned mobile structure is deemed to have a first degree of freedom in a direction substantially perpendicular to the substrate or, more particularly, orthogonal to the surface of the substrate on which the structures are attached, and a second degree of freedom in a direction substantially parallel to the substrate or to the free surface of the latter and, thus, to the direction of the lateral air gaps.
- the process which is the subject of the present invention consists in depositing or forming, on the surface of the substrate S, a first sacrificial layer, denoted CSi, of determined thickness .
- the substrate is a silicon substrate although the method which is the subject of the present invention is not limited to the implementation on a silicon substrate.
- the first sacrificial layer may consist of a layer of silicon oxide formed by oxide growth, the growth process being represented by the vertical arrow, oriented in the aforementioned second direction YY.
- Step a) can then be followed by a step b) consisting of forming, on the first sacrificial layer CS ⁇ a structural element, denoted SE, intended to constitute the mobile attached structure, for example, having two degrees of freedom.
- a structural element denoted SE
- One of the faces of the structural element SE is in contact with the first sacrificial layer CS-i.
- the structural element SE can be formed, as shown in an illustrative manner in FIG. 1a, by deposition of a specific layer of a determined material, such as polysilicon or the like, this layer being shown in dotted lines at the point b) of FIG. 1a, then etching by masking allowing the abovementioned structural element SE to appear.
- step c) in covering the free surface of the structural element SE with a second sacrificial layer, denoted CS 2 , of determined thickness, this thickness being chosen to be substantially equal to the linear dimension of the lateral air gaps to be created.
- step c) can be carried out by growth of a layer of silicon oxide at the same time on the surface free upper of the structural element SE and, of course, on the free lateral surface of the latter.
- Step c) is then followed by a step d) consisting of covering the free part of the first sacrificial layer CSi and the free surface of the second sacrificial layer CS 2 orthogonal to the air gap direction of a layer of specific material, denoted SM, intended to constitute at least one other structure added under the conditions which will be explained below.
- a layer of specific material denoted SM
- the aforementioned operation consists, in fact, in ensuring a planarization of the assembly, only, preferably, the second sacrificial layer CS 2 , at the level of the upper part. thereof, which can be left free and not covered by the aforementioned specific material SM.
- Step d) is then followed by a step e) consisting in etching the second sacrificial layer CS 2 extending in the direction of the second and first degree of freedom and, of course, in a direction orthogonal to the plane of the sheet representing the drawing, in order to reach the first sacrificial layer CSi via the free air gaps and then etching the first sacrificial layer CSi extending in the direction of the first and second degrees of freedom under the structural element SE and under the layer of specific material SM.
- This operation makes it possible to release, at least partially, as shown in FIG.
- the structural element SE from any contact in the direction of the first, respectively of the second degree of freedom YY, XX and therefore in the direction of the air gaps with respect to, on the one hand, any other adjacent attached structure constituted by the specific material SM, and, of course, of the substrate S.
- the etching attack of the first sacrificial layer CS-i makes it possible to free up a space corresponding to the thickness of this sacrificial layer under the structural element SE, on the one hand, and, partially , under the layer of specific material SM, this free space being noted ⁇ in point e) of FIG. 1a.
- the thickness e of the second sacrificial layer CS 2 can be adjusted directly by the choice of the parameters of the process for forming the second sacrificial layer and, in particular, of the oxidation process when this sacrificial layer is produced by silicon oxide.
- the abovementioned parameters relate not only to the physical oxidation parameters of the polysilicon constituting the abovementioned structural element SE, but also to the time of formation of the silicon oxide obtained forming the second sacrificial layer CS 2 .
- the second sacrificial layer can be generated so as to have a determined thickness of less than 0.1 ⁇ m.
- the blank as shown in FIG. 1 b comprises the substrate S covered with the first sacrificial layer SCi and the structural element SE formed on this first sacrificial layer, intended to constitute an attached movable structure having the two degrees of freedom.
- One of the faces of the structural element SE is in contact with the first sacrificial layer CS-i.
- the first sacrificial layer CSi and the second sacrificial layer CS 2 are made of materials of substantially the same nature.
- the substrate S is a silicon substrate and the structural element SE is made of polysilicon
- the first and the second sacrificial layers are advantageously constituted by silicon oxide.
- the etching step of the second sacrificial layer CS 2 , then of the first sacrificial layer CS-i can be carried out in a substantially continuous manner, by isotropic etching for example, only the conditions of the attack, that is to say the attack speed, and etching speed for example, which can be modulated according to certain specificities of the process.
- the operation of depositing or forming on the latter of the first sacrificial layer CSi advantageously consists in growing, by oxidation, a layer of silicon oxide of determined thickness, this thickness possibly being of the order of a few micrometers, in order to constitute the released area, denoted ⁇ in point e) of FIG. 1a or 1b.
- the specific material SM intended to constitute at least one other added structure, can be constituted by the most diverse materials such as polysilicon, a metal to constitute an electrode, a silicon compound, an epoxy resin or the like.
- the added structure or structures adjacent to the structural element SE intended to constitute the mobile structure since they are separated from the latter by the aforementioned lateral air gaps, can themselves be fixed or, where appropriate, mobile .
- FIG. 2 A detailed description of an industrial implementation of the process which is the subject of the present invention, as illustrated in FIG. 1 b, will now be given in conjunction with FIG. 2.
- the same step references represent the same steps as those described previously with respect to FIG. 1b or 1a, the different indices associated with these step references designating particular substeps. It will thus be understood that, from a blank similar to that shown in FIG. 1b, the method which is the subject of the invention described implements the succession of the three stages c), d) and e).
- step d) of FIG. 1a or 1b Several techniques can however be used for the implementation of the intermediate structure shown in step d) of FIG. 1a or 1b, for example. It will be recalled, in particular, that the aforementioned step corresponds to a process of deposition and planarization of the structure adjacent to the structural element SE, adjacent structure intended to constitute the fixed electrode for example.
- the last aforementioned technique is the most general, because it is applicable whatever the thickness ep-i of the movable structural element SE and the thickness ep 2 of the layer, denoted SM-i, intended to make the other adjacent attached structure, fixed structure such as an electrode for example.
- a blank is considered, as described above in the description, comprising a first layer of structural material, of thickness ei, intended to form the structural element SE and situated above the first sacrificial layer CS-i.
- the structural elements, such as SE are then defined by a first photolithography and etching. This definition is carried out using a thick mask of silicon oxide which is subsequently stored and which makes it possible to obtain the blank, as shown in FIG. 1b or 2, the aforementioned blank being however limited to the definition of a single SE structural element.
- the thick mask of silicon oxide is denoted OM and is superimposed on the structural element SE.
- step c) is implemented, in accordance with the step shown in Figure 1b for example.
- Step d) is then carried out and, as shown in FIG. 2, by depositing a second structural layer of thickness ep 2 , in a sub-step di), so as to form a conformal covering of the assembly and, in particular, of the structural element SE and of the second sacrificial layer CS 2 .
- This second structural layer is designated SM-i.
- This operation is shown in step di) of Figure 2a.
- the assembly is then protected by depositing a sufficiently thick resin forming a protective layer to substantially cover the height of the steps obtained in sub-step di), this operation being represented in sub-step d 2 ) and corresponding to an operation planarization of the second level of structural material.
- the resin is denoted SM 2 , in point d 2 ) of FIG. 2. It is understood, in particular, that sub-step d 2 ) allows a first planarization in the sense that the step height is substantially reduced the first time.
- the next step corresponds substantially to the etching and etching step, step e) of Figure 1b or 1a.
- the protective layer of thick resin is etched so as to make an opening on the structural material SMi only at the places where there is an overlap of structural elements, that is to say of the structural element SE.
- the second structural level SMi is planarized until touching with silicon oxide, that is to say the thick mask d silicon oxide OM located above the structural element SE.
- the aforementioned thick mask, formed by silicon oxide, serves as an indicator for the end of the attack represented in point e 2 ) of FIG. 2.
- Sub-step e 2 ) is then followed by a sub-step e 3 ) in which the protective layer, that is to say the material SM 2 , is removed in step e 3 ) , and the material SMi is then defined as an added element forming the other added elements by a second step of photolithography by masking and etching.
- the other reported elements are represented in FIG. 2 in step e 3 ).
- the structural element SE intended to form the mobile element is then separated from the other elements added by selective etching of the thick mask of silicon oxide OM, of the sacrificial layer CS 2 , then of the sacrificial layer CS-i, as well as described previously in connection with FIG. 1b or 1a, by releasing a mobile structure, the SE structure, separated from a nanometric lateral air gap, of width d g with respect to an adjacent structure serving as an electrode, thus that, for example, represented in sub-step e) of FIG. 2.
- the method which is the subject of the invention therefore implements only the two masking levels described above, and means of lithography at medium resolution, that is that is to say at a resolution greater than 1 ⁇ m.
- the process which is the subject of the present invention is, of course, applicable to any number of structural levels in the context of other applications. It thus makes it possible to produce lateral airgaps whose gap gap is between 10 nm to 1 ⁇ m, for thicknesses of material varying, independently of the value of the chosen gap, from 100 nm to 15 ⁇ m.
- microsystem structures can be implemented to produce microsystem components of all types, as will be described later in the description.
- any microsystem structure in accordance with the object of the present invention comprises, among the structures added to the substrate S, at least one added structure, constituting a mobile structure, the structural element SE .
- This structural element has two degrees of freedom relative to the substrate S in the directions XX and YY previously mentioned in the description.
- At least one of the other added structures SM is fixed and mechanically integral with the substrate S.
- it comprises an intermediate layer CSi ensuring the mechanical connection between the substrate S and the added structures SE, SM, the intermediate layer CSi being etched and removed, at least partially, between at least one of the added structures, in particular, the structural element SE constituting the mobile structure, and the substrate S and , where appropriate, at least in part, one or other of the mobile structures SM and the substrate S.
- the microsystem structure which is the subject of the present invention comprises at least one lateral gap separating the mobile structure, that is to say the structural element SE, of the other structures reported in the direction of the second degree of freedom, the direction XX p recited.
- the intermediate layer CS ⁇ i is a sacrificial layer having a determined thickness of between 1 and 10 ⁇ m for example.
- sacrificial layer it is recalled that it is a layer capable of being attacked and etched by chemical attack for example.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 Two examples of specific implementation of microsystems from microsystem structures in accordance with the object of the present invention, as represented in FIG. 3, will now be given in connection with FIGS. 4 and 5.
- FIG. 4 we shows a vibrating beam microresonator obtained through the use of a microsystem structure, as shown in FIG. 3.
- the vibrating beam VB is subjected to the substrate by a first and a second anchoring, denoted ANCi and ANC 2 .
- a first and a second lateral air gap are each formed between a lateral edge of the vibrating beam VB and the lateral edge of a first, respectively of a second electrode, denoted Ei, E 2 .
- the lateral air gaps are denoted ei and e 2 .
- the microresonator with embedded vibrating beam as shown in FIG. 4, was implemented with the following dimensions: - length: 30 ⁇ m,
- the Lamé mode microresonator comprises a microsystem structure, such as shown in Figure 3, according to the object of the present invention.
- This microsystem structure has symmetry with respect to a center of symmetry, denoted C, materialized by the intersection of an axis YY 'orthogonal to the surface of the substrate S. It comprises a substantially square vibrating plate VP, the center of symmetry C being located in the center of the plate, this plate being anchored to the substrate S via the layer intermediate by its vertices, the anchor points being noted ANCi, ANC 2 , ANC 3 and ANC 4 .
- Lamé comprises four lateral air gaps each formed between one of the lateral edges of the vibrating plate VP and the adjacent edge of a lateral electrode denoted Ei, E 2 , E 3 , E 4 and associated with one of the lateral edges of the vibrating plate
- the lateral air gaps are noted e, e 2 , e 3 and e 4 .
- the vibrating plate VP had a lateral edge or side of length of approximately 35 ⁇ m in length.
- microresonator with embedded vibrating beam or microresonator in Lamé mode as represented in FIGS. 4 and 5, the values of lateral air gaps previously mentioned had a value substantially equal to 80 nm.
- the process which is the subject of the present invention allows the implementation of particularly efficient microsystem structures in which the lateral air gaps are much less than 1 ⁇ m and, in particular, 0.1 ⁇ m.
- any type of component can be implemented from the aforementioned microsystem structures.
- SOI Silicon On Insulator
- the substrate is made of monocrystalline silicon and the SOI insulation oxide constitutes the first sacrificial layer CS-i.
- the targeted applications relate to positioning systems having a few nanometers of precision, the gripping of objects of nanometric scope, zero-polarization resonators and very high frequency resonators, designated nanoresonators.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Micromachines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0206388A FR2839964B1 (fr) | 2002-05-24 | 2002-05-24 | Procede de realisation de structure de microsysteme a entrefers lateraux et structure de microsysteme correspondante |
FR0206388 | 2002-05-24 | ||
PCT/FR2003/001165 WO2003100969A1 (fr) | 2002-05-24 | 2003-04-11 | Procede de realisation de structure de microsysteme a entrefers lateraux et structure de microsysteme correspondante |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1508198A1 true EP1508198A1 (fr) | 2005-02-23 |
Family
ID=29415070
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03740599A Withdrawn EP1508198A1 (fr) | 2002-05-24 | 2003-04-11 | Procede de realisation de structure de microsysteme a entrefers lateraux et structure de microsysteme correspondante |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1508198A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2005534505A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2003273133A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2839964B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2003100969A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2082481B1 (fr) * | 2006-10-09 | 2010-05-05 | Nxp B.V. | Résonateur |
WO2010122953A1 (fr) * | 2009-04-24 | 2010-10-28 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Élément de système microélectromécanique et procédé pour sa fabrication |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2002111434A (ja) * | 2000-10-04 | 2002-04-12 | River Eletec Kk | ラーメ振動水晶振動子 |
-
2002
- 2002-05-24 FR FR0206388A patent/FR2839964B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-04-11 EP EP03740599A patent/EP1508198A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-04-11 JP JP2004507131A patent/JP2005534505A/ja active Pending
- 2003-04-11 AU AU2003273133A patent/AU2003273133A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-04-11 WO PCT/FR2003/001165 patent/WO2003100969A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO03100969A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2839964A1 (fr) | 2003-11-28 |
FR2839964B1 (fr) | 2005-09-09 |
AU2003273133A1 (en) | 2003-12-12 |
JP2005534505A (ja) | 2005-11-17 |
WO2003100969A1 (fr) | 2003-12-04 |
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