EP1498657A1 - Heating boiler for granulated fuel - Google Patents

Heating boiler for granulated fuel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1498657A1
EP1498657A1 EP04356129A EP04356129A EP1498657A1 EP 1498657 A1 EP1498657 A1 EP 1498657A1 EP 04356129 A EP04356129 A EP 04356129A EP 04356129 A EP04356129 A EP 04356129A EP 1498657 A1 EP1498657 A1 EP 1498657A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fumes
gases
fuel
chamber
boiler according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP04356129A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Franck Perge
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Perge
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Perge
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Publication of EP1498657A1 publication Critical patent/EP1498657A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F23B1/30—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber
    • F23B1/38—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber for combustion of peat, sawdust, or pulverulent fuel on a grate or other fuel support
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/24—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber
    • F23G5/245—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber with perforated bottom or grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H15/00—Cleaning arrangements for grates; Moving fuel along grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F23L9/04—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel  by discharging the air beyond the fire, i.e. nearer the smoke outlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/24—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers
    • F24H1/26—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body
    • F24H1/28—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body including one or more furnace or fire tubes
    • F24H1/285—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body including one or more furnace or fire tubes with the fire tubes arranged alongside the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H2230/00—Solid fuel fired boiler

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to boilers intended to ensure the rise in temperature of a coolant that can be used for various purposes and more usually in a space heating system.
  • the object of the invention is more specifically to provide a boiler capable of operate from a fuel of the type with individualized elements, such as particulates or granules, of single or combined combustible materials, such as example, plants, cardboard, wood, etc.
  • a preferred application of the invention relates to the production of a boiler working from wood particles.
  • a wood-type heating boiler comprises a combustion chamber provided with a passage opening for a fuel based Of wood.
  • a combustion chamber is equipped with a burner to ignite the fuel inside the combustion chamber.
  • Such a boiler also comprises means for supplying a primary oxidant such as air to allow combustion and to obtain gases and fumes. These gases and fumes are channeled to be taken to a room for recovering gases and fumes that are led to a heat exchanger between a circulation circuit of a heat transfer fluid and a circulation circuit of gases and fumes.
  • a primary oxidant such as air
  • Another object of the invention is to provide treatment by calcination, incineration or combustion of waste in the general sense.
  • the object of the invention is thus an application for example in the field of waste incineration of plant nature or industrial nature banal such as for example pallets or cartons, and finds a particularly advantageous application for the treatment of animal droppings and in particular poultry droppings.
  • the heating boiler comprises means feed supply ensuring the supply of waste on the recovery grid.
  • the supply means are powered by means fuel supply and means of supplying waste, these means of supply being distinct.
  • the combustion chamber comprises underneath the recovery grid, controlled ash extraction means by a control unit.
  • the ash extraction means are constituted by a motor member ensuring at least partially the retraction of the recovery grid.
  • the ash extraction means also comprise a means of evacuation of ashes outside the home and from the grid of recovery.
  • control unit pilot also the way to ignite the porous mattress and means supply of waste and fuel in such a way as to ensure repeated, the realization of a regulation cycle comprising a step to ignite waste and fuel, a stage of combustion during which the means of waste and fuel supply are regulated and a step ash extraction.
  • gas and flue gas recovery chamber defines a traffic lane whose length is adapted to allow a residence time of gases and fumes between the inlet and outlet, greater than or equal to 2 s, at a temperature at least equal to 850 ° C. In this way, practically all the dioxins present in the gases and smoke is eliminated.
  • the flow path of gases and fumes is delimited by a chimney rising vertically in the extension of the combustion chamber and provided with an inner ferrule delimiting internally an ascending circuit for the gases and fumes and externally, a downstream circuit for gases and fumes.
  • the heat exchanger comprises a series of exchanger tubes extending parallel to each other vertically in being disposed between the shell and an outer shell and internally constituting a circulation circuit of gases and fumes connected, at the bottom, at the exit of the road circulation and in the upper part to an exit chamber.
  • the exchanger tubes constitute, by their walls, capacities exchange with a circulation circuit of a coolant contained between said exchanger tubes and concentric tubes and in a mixing chamber crossed by the exchanger tubes.
  • the outlet chamber comprises an equipped outlet mouth of a filter and in that the heat exchanger has at its lower part an outlet extraction for particles.
  • Figure 1 is an elevational sectional view of a first example of production of a heating boiler according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken substantially along lines II-II of FIG. 1.
  • Figure 3 is an elevational sectional view showing a second embodiment of a heating boiler according to the invention.
  • the object of the invention relates to a heating boiler 1 operating with a fuel 2 in the form of individualized elements such as particles or granules of solid materials.
  • a fuel 2 in the form of individualized elements such as particles or granules of solid materials.
  • these individualized elements are wood chips.
  • these individualized fuel elements can be made of different materials such as paper or cardboard, for example.
  • the heating boiler 1 comprises a combustion zone 3 delimited by a closed envelope 4 of refractory character.
  • the combustion chamber 3 has an orifice 5 of the spill fuel 2 supplied through feed means 6 which, in the illustrated example, is constituted by means of a worm.
  • feed means 6 which, in the illustrated example, is constituted by means of a worm.
  • these supply means 6 are supplied with individualized elements 2 by supply means 7 such as a controlled spill hopper.
  • the combustion chamber 3 is provided with a grill 8 for recovering the fuel 2 , thus disposed below the level of the pouring orifice 5 .
  • the recovery grid 8 is adapted to support the fuel 2 in the form of a porous mattress M.
  • the combustion chamber 3 is equipped with a means not shown for igniting the fuel inside the combustion chamber and in particular, the porous mat M fuel.
  • a means may be constituted by a burner of any type known per se or an electric heating element.
  • the heating boiler 1 also comprises means 11 for supplying a primary oxidant such as air to allow the combustion and the production of gases and fumes represented by the letters F in FIG. 1 .
  • these supply means 11 may be constituted by a fan 12 opening through a pipe 13 into a chamber 14 arranged below the recovery grid 8 .
  • the primary oxidant is able to pass through the grid 8 and the porous mat to allow a homogeneous distribution of the fuel and its good combustion.
  • the combustion chamber 3 is provided with means 15 for supplying a secondary oxidant between the porous mattress M and a channeling system 16 for the gases and fumes to a recovery chamber 17 .
  • the supply means 15 disrupt the upward trajectory of the gases and fumes F.
  • these supply means 15 are constituted by a ventilation means 18 for supplying air to orifices 19 distributed at the periphery of the combustion chamber 3 in a transverse cross section.
  • these orifices 19 inject air not radially relative to the center of the hearth, but substantially tangentially to create a vortex of gases and fumes.
  • the ducting system 16 is constituted by the upper part of the hearth 3 made in the form of a venturi. According to an embodiment characteristic, these gases and fumes F are naturally conducted by ascending way to the recovery chamber 17 which rises in the vertical extension of the combustion chamber 3 .
  • the supply means 6 to the treatment by combustion of waste, also ensure the supply to the interior of the combustion chamber, waste 20 to be spilled on the recovery grid 8 .
  • the supply means 6 are supplied with waste by supply means 21 such as a controlled spill hopper.
  • waste 20 occur naturally or as a result of an appropriate treatment in the form of individualized elements, particles or granules.
  • This waste can be made of forest products, eg from pruning or by cartons or pallets previously treated by a mill associated or not with the heating boiler.
  • the waste consists of poultry manure combined with or not other products such as wood chips.
  • the waste 20 and the fuel 2 are poured over the grid 8 which thus supports a mattress consisting of a mixture of fuel and waste. It thus establishes a kind of porous mattress M a few centimeters thick which is ignited by the burner.
  • the combustion chamber 3 comprises, below the recovery grille 8 , means 30 for extracting the ashes controlled by a control unit not shown.
  • These ash extraction means 30 consist of a motor member 31 acting via a transmission 32 to allow at least partial retraction of the recovery grid 8 .
  • the recovery grid 8 is rotated to allow the ash to fall into the chamber 14 located below the combustion chamber 3 .
  • the transmission 32 also rotates a scraper 34 to drive the ash towards a means of evacuation 36 ashes outside the home.
  • this evacuation means 36 is constituted by means of a worm screw, also rotated by the motor member 31.
  • the heating boiler 1 comprises a heat exchanger 40 between a circulation circuit 41 of a coolant and a circulation circuit 42 of the gases and fumes coming from the recovery chamber 17.
  • the recovery chamber 17 is delimited internally by a ferrule 45 carried by the refractory hearth 3 to delimit internally an upward path 17 1 for gases and fumes directly from the combustion chamber 3 and externally, a descending path 17 2 for the gases and fumes which are found in the lower part at the entrance of the circulation circuit 42 of the gases and fumes of the heat exchanger 40.
  • the recovery chamber 17 thus has a circulation path 17 1 , 17 2 for gases and fumes between the combustion chamber 3 and the inlet of the heat exchanger 40.
  • the heat exchanger 40 comprises a series of exchanger tubes 50 , extending parallel to each other vertically, being arranged between the shell 45 and an outer shell 51 .
  • the exchanger tubes 50 are arranged on a circular circumference.
  • the flue gas circulation circuit 42 is thus connected at the inlet to its lower part, at the outlet of the circulation path 17 2 of the recovery chamber 17 and in the upper part, to an outlet chamber 55 into which the tubes open. exchangers 50.
  • the outlet chamber 55 comprises an outlet mouth equipped with a filter.
  • the heat exchanger 40 comprises at its lower part, an extraction outlet for particles from the gases and fumes.
  • the exchanger tubes 50 constitute, by their walls, exchange capacities with the circulation circuit 41 of a coolant contained between said exchanger tubes 50 and concentric tubes 57.
  • the exchanger fluid contained between the exchanger tubes 50 and the concentric tubes 57 communicates with a mixing chamber 60 arranged in the upper part of the heating boiler and traversed by the heat exchanger tubes 50 .
  • the recovery chamber 17 of gases and fumes delimits a circulation path 17 1 , 17 2 whose length is adapted to allow a residence time of gases and fumes between inlet and outlet, greater than or equal to 2 s and a temperature of at least 850 ° C. It should be understood that the travel time of the gases and fumes in the flow path 17 1 , 17 2 must be at least 2 s. Such an arrangement makes it possible to ensure that practically all the dioxins present in the gases and fumes are burned. According to this exemplary embodiment illustrated more specifically in FIG. 3 , the flow path of gases and fumes is delimited by a chimney 61 rising vertically in the extension of the combustion chamber 3.
  • This chimney 61 is provided with an inner ferrule 45 internally defining the upward path 17 1 for gases and smoked.
  • This inner ferrule 45 is mounted inside and at a distance from a concentric liner 62 delimiting between them the descending path 17 2 for gases and fumes.
  • This chimney 61 is provided with a dome 63 extending the liner 62 to close the liner. chimney at its upper part to allow the change of direction of gases and fumes. Insofar as the ascending 17 1 and descending 17 2 paths extend on either side of the shell 45, the gases and fumes retain, during this path, a high temperature of at least 850 ° C.
  • control unit controlling the ash removal means 30 also controls the means for igniting the porous mat M and the supply means 21, 7 in waste 20 and in fuel 2 .
  • This control unit makes it possible to repeatedly make the realization of a control cycle comprising a step for igniting the waste 20 and the fuel 2, a combustion step in which the supply means 21, waste 20 and means 7 supply of fuel 2 are regulated so as to obtain a sufficient temperature in the combustion chamber 3 and adapted to the energy available for the heating boiler.
  • This combustion step is followed by an ash extraction step during which the ash extraction means 30 are controlled.
  • Such a regulation cycle is thus regularly repeated according to the thermal demand and the fuel and waste inputs.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

The boiler has a supply unit (11) to supply primary oxidant e.g. air, for obtaining gas and fumes. An enclosure (14) is present beneath a recovery grid (8). The grid in form of porous mattress carries fuel. A supply unit (15) supplies secondary oxidant between gas and fumes channeling system (16) and the mattress towards a recovery chamber (17). The unit (15) disturbs path of the gas and fumes. The chamber is raised by the vertical extension of the combustion furnace.

Description

La présente invention concerne les chaudières destinées à assurer la montée en température d'un fluide caloporteur pouvant être utilisé à des fins diverses et plus généralement dans une installation de chauffage de locaux.The present invention relates to boilers intended to ensure the rise in temperature of a coolant that can be used for various purposes and more usually in a space heating system.

L'objet de l'invention vise plus précisément une chaudière susceptible de fonctionner à partir d'un combustible du type à éléments individualisés, tels que particules ou granulés, de matériaux combustibles uniques ou combinés comme par exemple, végétaux, cartons, bois, etc.The object of the invention is more specifically to provide a boiler capable of operate from a fuel of the type with individualized elements, such as particulates or granules, of single or combined combustible materials, such as example, plants, cardboard, wood, etc.

Une application préférée de l'invention concerne la réalisation d'une chaudière fonctionnant à partir de particules de bois.A preferred application of the invention relates to the production of a boiler working from wood particles.

D'une manière classique, une chaudière de chauffage du type à bois comporte un foyer de combustion pourvu d'un orifice de passage pour un combustible à base de bois. Un tel foyer de combustion est équipé d'un brûleur permettant d'enflammer le combustible à l'intérieur du foyer de combustion.In a conventional manner, a wood-type heating boiler comprises a combustion chamber provided with a passage opening for a fuel based Of wood. Such a combustion chamber is equipped with a burner to ignite the fuel inside the combustion chamber.

Une telle chaudière comporte également des moyens de fourniture d'un comburant primaire tel que de l'air pour permettre la combustion et l'obtention de gaz et fumées. Ces gaz et fumées sont canalisés pour être conduits dans une chambre de récupération des gaz et fumées qui sont conduits vers un échangeur de chaleur entre un circuit de circulation d'un fluide caloporteur et un circuit de circulation des gaz et fumées.Such a boiler also comprises means for supplying a primary oxidant such as air to allow combustion and to obtain gases and fumes. These gases and fumes are channeled to be taken to a room for recovering gases and fumes that are led to a heat exchanger between a circulation circuit of a heat transfer fluid and a circulation circuit of gases and fumes.

L'inconvénient principal d'une chaudière de chauffage du type à bois provient de son mauvais rendement thermique. Aussi, l'objet de l'invention vise donc à remédier à cet inconvénient en proposant une nouvelle chaudière de chauffage à combustible du type à éléments individualisés tels que notamment, particules de bois, présentant un rendement thermique amélioré.

  • Pour atteindre un tel objectif, l'objet de l'invention concerne une chaudière de chauffage à combustible du type à éléments individualisés comportant :
  • un foyer de combustion pourvu d'un orifice de déversement d'un combustible apporté par des moyens d'amenée,,
  • un moyen pour permettre d'enflammer le combustible à l'intérieur du foyer de combustion,
  • des moyens de fourniture d'un comburant primaire pour permettre la combustion et l'obtention de gaz et fumées,
  • des moyens de fourniture d'un comburant secondaire pour les gaz et fumées,
  • un système de canalisation des gaz et fumées,
  • une chambre de récupération des gaz et fumées issus du système de canalisation s'élevant dans le prolongement vertical du foyer de combustion,
  • et un échangeur de chaleur entre un circuit de circulation d'un fluide caloporteur et un circuit de circulation des gaz et fumées issus de la chambre de récupération,
caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte :
  • une grille de récupération du combustible pour supporter un matelas poreux dudit premier combustible et en dessous de laquelle est aménagée une enceinte de fourniture de comburant primaire,
  • des moyens de fourniture d'un comburant secondaire entre le système de canalisation des gaz et fumées et le matelas poreux afin de perturber la circulation des gaz et fumées.
The main disadvantage of a wood-type heating boiler is its poor thermal efficiency. Also, the object of the invention is therefore to overcome this disadvantage by proposing a new fuel heating boiler of the type with individualized elements such as, in particular, wood particles, having an improved thermal efficiency.
  • To achieve such an objective, the object of the invention relates to a fuel heating boiler of the individualized element type comprising:
  • a combustion chamber provided with a discharge orifice of fuel supplied by supply means,
  • means for allowing the fuel to ignite inside the combustion chamber,
  • means for supplying a primary oxidant to allow combustion and obtaining gases and fumes,
  • means for supplying a secondary oxidant for gases and fumes,
  • a system for channeling gases and fumes,
  • a chamber for recovering gases and fumes from the piping system rising in the vertical extension of the combustion chamber,
  • and a heat exchanger between a circulation circuit for a heat transfer fluid and a circulation circuit for the gases and fumes coming from the recovery chamber,
characterized in that it comprises:
  • a fuel recovery grid for supporting a porous mattress of said first fuel and below which is provided a primary oxidant supply chamber,
  • means for supplying a secondary oxidant between the gas and smoke channeling system and the porous mattress in order to disrupt the flow of gases and fumes.

Un autre objet de l'invention vise à assurer le traitement par calcination, incinération ou combustion de déchets au sens général. L'objet de l'invention trouve ainsi une application par exemple dans le domaine de l'incinération de déchets de nature végétale ou à caractère industriel banal tels que par exemple palettes ou cartons, et trouve une application particulièrement avantageuse pour le traitement des déjections d'animaux et en particulier les fientes de volailles.Another object of the invention is to provide treatment by calcination, incineration or combustion of waste in the general sense. The object of the invention is thus an application for example in the field of waste incineration of plant nature or industrial nature banal such as for example pallets or cartons, and finds a particularly advantageous application for the treatment of animal droppings and in particular poultry droppings.

Selon cette application, la chaudière de chauffage comporte des moyens d'amenée assurant l'apport de déchets sur la grille de récupération.According to this application, the heating boiler comprises means feed supply ensuring the supply of waste on the recovery grid.

Avantageusement, les moyens d'amenée sont alimentés par des moyens d'approvisionnement en combustible et des moyens d'approvisionnement en déchets, ces moyens d'approvisionnement étant distincts. Advantageously, the supply means are powered by means fuel supply and means of supplying waste, these means of supply being distinct.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le foyer de combustion comporte en dessous de la grille de récupération, des moyens d'extraction des cendres pilotés par une unité de commande.According to another characteristic of the invention, the combustion chamber comprises underneath the recovery grid, controlled ash extraction means by a control unit.

Avantageusement, les moyens d'extraction des cendres sont constitués par un organe moteur assurant au moins en partie l'escamotage de la grille de récupération.Advantageously, the ash extraction means are constituted by a motor member ensuring at least partially the retraction of the recovery grid.

De préférence, les moyens d'extraction des cendres comportent également un moyen d'évacuation des cendres à l'extérieur du foyer et issues de la grille de récupération.Preferably, the ash extraction means also comprise a means of evacuation of ashes outside the home and from the grid of recovery.

Selon une caractéristique avantageuse de réalisation, l'unité de commande pilote aussi le moyen pour enflammer le matelas poreux et les moyens d'approvisionnement en déchets et en combustible de manière à assurer de manière répétée, la réalisation d'un cycle de régulation comportant une étape pour enflammer les déchets et le combustible, une étape de combustion pendant laquelle les moyens d'approvisionnement en déchets et en combustible sont régulés et une étape d'extraction des cendres.According to an advantageous characteristic of realization, the control unit pilot also the way to ignite the porous mattress and means supply of waste and fuel in such a way as to ensure repeated, the realization of a regulation cycle comprising a step to ignite waste and fuel, a stage of combustion during which the means of waste and fuel supply are regulated and a step ash extraction.

Un autre objet de l'invention vise à maítriser les paramètres des gaz et fumées produits lors de la combustion afin de respecter l'environnement. A cet effet, la chambre de récupération des gaz et fumées délimite un chemin de circulation dont la longueur est adaptée pour permettre un temps de séjour des gaz et fumées entre l'entrée et la sortie, supérieur ou égal à 2 s, à une température au moins égale à 850°C. De cette manière, pratiquement la totalité des dioxines présents dans les gaz et fumées est éliminée.Another object of the invention is to control the parameters of gases and fumes products during combustion to respect the environment. For this purpose, gas and flue gas recovery chamber defines a traffic lane whose length is adapted to allow a residence time of gases and fumes between the inlet and outlet, greater than or equal to 2 s, at a temperature at least equal to 850 ° C. In this way, practically all the dioxins present in the gases and smoke is eliminated.

Avantageusement, le chemin de circulation des gaz et fumées est délimité par une cheminée s'élevant verticalement dans le prolongement du foyer de combustion et munie d'une virole interne délimitant intérieurement un circuit ascendant pour les gaz et fumées et extérieurement, un circuit descendant pour les gaz et fumées.Advantageously, the flow path of gases and fumes is delimited by a chimney rising vertically in the extension of the combustion chamber and provided with an inner ferrule delimiting internally an ascending circuit for the gases and fumes and externally, a downstream circuit for gases and fumes.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'échangeur de chaleur comporte une série de tubes échangeurs s'étendant parallèlement entre eux verticalement en étant disposés entre la virole et une enveloppe externe et constituant intérieurement un circuit de circulation des gaz et fumées relié, en partie basse, à la sortie du chemin de circulation et en partie haute à une chambre de sortie. According to another characteristic of the invention, the heat exchanger comprises a series of exchanger tubes extending parallel to each other vertically in being disposed between the shell and an outer shell and internally constituting a circulation circuit of gases and fumes connected, at the bottom, at the exit of the road circulation and in the upper part to an exit chamber.

De préférence, les tubes échangeurs constituent par leurs parois, des capacités d'échange avec un circuit de circulation d'un fluide caloporteur contenu entre lesdits tubes échangeurs et des tubes concentriques et dans une chambre de mélange traversée par les tubes échangeurs.Preferably, the exchanger tubes constitute, by their walls, capacities exchange with a circulation circuit of a coolant contained between said exchanger tubes and concentric tubes and in a mixing chamber crossed by the exchanger tubes.

Avantageusement, la chambre de sortie comporte une bouche de sortie équipée d'un filtre et en ce que l'échangeur de chaleur comporte à sa partie basse une sortie d'extraction pour des particules.Advantageously, the outlet chamber comprises an equipped outlet mouth of a filter and in that the heat exchanger has at its lower part an outlet extraction for particles.

Diverses autres caractéristiques ressortent de la description faite ci-dessous en référence aux dessins annexés qui montrent, à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, des formes de réalisation de l'objet de l'invention.Various other features are apparent from the description given below in reference to the accompanying drawings which show, by way of non-limiting examples, embodiments of the subject of the invention.

La Figure 1 est une vue en coupe élévation d'un premier exemple de réalisation d'une chaudière de chauffage conforme à l'invention.Figure 1 is an elevational sectional view of a first example of production of a heating boiler according to the invention.

La Figure 2 est une vue en coupe transversale prise sensiblement selon les lignes II-II de la Fig. 1. Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken substantially along lines II-II of FIG. 1.

La Figure 3 est une vue en coupe élévation montrant un deuxième exemple de réalisation d'une chaudière de chauffage conforme à l'invention. Figure 3 is an elevational sectional view showing a second embodiment of a heating boiler according to the invention.

Tel que cela ressort plus précisément des Fig. 1 et 2, l'objet de l'invention concerne une chaudière de chauffage 1 fonctionnant à l'aide d'un combustible 2 se présentant sous la forme d'éléments individualisés tels que des particules ou des granulés de matériaux solides. De préférence, ces éléments individualisés sont des copeaux de bois. Bien entendu, ces éléments individualisés de combustible peuvent être réalisés en des matériaux différents tels qu'en papier ou carton, par exemple.As is more particularly apparent from Figs. 1 and 2 , the object of the invention relates to a heating boiler 1 operating with a fuel 2 in the form of individualized elements such as particles or granules of solid materials. Preferably, these individualized elements are wood chips. Of course, these individualized fuel elements can be made of different materials such as paper or cardboard, for example.

La chaudière de chauffage 1 comporte un foyer de combustion 3 délimité par une enveloppe fermée 4 à caractère réfractaire. Le foyer de combustion 3 comporte un orifice 5 de déversement du combustible 2 amené par l'intermédiaire de moyens d'amenée 6 qui, dans l'exemple illustré, est constitué par l'intermédiaire d'une vis sans fin. De préférence, ces moyens d'amenée 6 sont alimentés en éléments individualisés 2 par des moyens d'approvisionnements 7 tels qu'une trémie à déversement contrôlé.The heating boiler 1 comprises a combustion zone 3 delimited by a closed envelope 4 of refractory character. The combustion chamber 3 has an orifice 5 of the spill fuel 2 supplied through feed means 6 which, in the illustrated example, is constituted by means of a worm. Preferably, these supply means 6 are supplied with individualized elements 2 by supply means 7 such as a controlled spill hopper.

Conformément à l'invention, le foyer de combustion 3 est pourvu d'une grille 8 de récupération du combustible 2, disposée ainsi au-dessous du niveau de l'orifice de déversement 5. La grille de récupération 8 est adaptée pour supporter le combustible 2 sous la forme d'un matelas poreux M.According to the invention, the combustion chamber 3 is provided with a grill 8 for recovering the fuel 2 , thus disposed below the level of the pouring orifice 5 . The recovery grid 8 is adapted to support the fuel 2 in the form of a porous mattress M.

Le foyer de combustion 3 est équipé d'un moyen non représenté permettant d'enflammer le combustible à l'intérieur du foyer de combustion et notamment, le matelas poreux M de combustible. Par exemple, un tel moyen peut être constitué par un brûleur de tout type connu en soi ou un élément électrique chauffant.The combustion chamber 3 is equipped with a means not shown for igniting the fuel inside the combustion chamber and in particular, the porous mat M fuel. For example, such a means may be constituted by a burner of any type known per se or an electric heating element.

La chaudière de chauffage 1 comporte également des moyens 11 de fourniture d'un comburant primaire tel que de l'air pour permettre la combustion et l'obtention de gaz et fumées représentés par les lettres F à la Fig. 1. Par exemple, ces moyens de fourniture 11 peuvent être constitués par un ventilateur 12 débouchant par une canalisation 13 dans une enceinte 14 aménagée en-dessous de la grille de récupération 8. Le comburant primaire est à même de traverser la grille 8 et le matelas poreux pour permettre une répartition homogène du combustible et sa bonne combustion.The heating boiler 1 also comprises means 11 for supplying a primary oxidant such as air to allow the combustion and the production of gases and fumes represented by the letters F in FIG. 1 . For example, these supply means 11 may be constituted by a fan 12 opening through a pipe 13 into a chamber 14 arranged below the recovery grid 8 . The primary oxidant is able to pass through the grid 8 and the porous mat to allow a homogeneous distribution of the fuel and its good combustion.

Selon une caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention, le foyer de combustion 3 est pourvu de moyens 15 de fourniture d'un comburant secondaire entre le matelas poreux M et un système de canalisation 16 des gaz et fumées vers une chambre 17 de récupération. Les moyens de fourniture 15 permettent de perturber la trajectoire ascendante des gaz et fumées F. Par exemple, ces moyens de fourniture 15 sont constitués par un moyen de ventilation 18 permettant d'amener de l'air à des orifices 19 répartis à la périphérie du foyer de combustion 3 selon une section droite transversale. De préférence, ces orifices 19 injectent l'air non pas radialement par rapport au centre du foyer, mais pratiquement tangentiellement pour créer un tourbillon des gaz et fumées. Ces gaz et fumées F sont donc perturbés avant d'être conduits vers le système de canalisation 16 de manière à contribuer à leur combustion. Par exemple, le système de canalisation 16 est constitué par la partie supérieure du foyer 3 réalisée sous la forme d'un venturi. Selon une caractéristique de réalisation, ces gaz et fumées F sont conduits naturellement par voie ascensionnelle vers la chambre de récupération 17 qui s'élève dans le prolongement vertical du foyer de combustion 3.According to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, the combustion chamber 3 is provided with means 15 for supplying a secondary oxidant between the porous mattress M and a channeling system 16 for the gases and fumes to a recovery chamber 17 . The supply means 15 disrupt the upward trajectory of the gases and fumes F. For example, these supply means 15 are constituted by a ventilation means 18 for supplying air to orifices 19 distributed at the periphery of the combustion chamber 3 in a transverse cross section. Preferably, these orifices 19 inject air not radially relative to the center of the hearth, but substantially tangentially to create a vortex of gases and fumes. These gases and fumes F are disturbed before being conducted to the pipe system 16 so as to contribute to their combustion. For example, the ducting system 16 is constituted by the upper part of the hearth 3 made in the form of a venturi. According to an embodiment characteristic, these gases and fumes F are naturally conducted by ascending way to the recovery chamber 17 which rises in the vertical extension of the combustion chamber 3 .

Selon un exemple préféré d'application de la chaudière de chauffage selon l'invention, au traitement par combustion de déchets, les moyens d'amenée 6 assurent aussi l'apport à l'intérieur du foyer de combustion, de déchets 20 destinés à être déversés sur la grille de récupération 8. De préférence, les moyens d'amenée 6 sont alimentés en déchets par des moyens d'approvisionnement 21 tels qu'une trémie à déversement contrôlé. De tels déchets 20 se présentent naturellement ou à la suite d'un traitement approprié sous la forme d'éléments individualisés, de particules ou de granulés. Ces déchets peuvent être constitués par des produits forestiers provenant par exemple d'élagage ou par des cartons ou des palettes traités préalablement par un broyeur associé ou non à la chaudière de chauffage. Selon une application préférée, les déchets sont constitués par des déjections de volailles combinées ou à non à d'autres produits tels que des copeaux de bois.According to a preferred example of application of the heating boiler according to the invention, to the treatment by combustion of waste, the supply means 6 also ensure the supply to the interior of the combustion chamber, waste 20 to be spilled on the recovery grid 8 . Preferably, the supply means 6 are supplied with waste by supply means 21 such as a controlled spill hopper. Such waste 20 occur naturally or as a result of an appropriate treatment in the form of individualized elements, particles or granules. This waste can be made of forest products, eg from pruning or by cartons or pallets previously treated by a mill associated or not with the heating boiler. According to a preferred application, the waste consists of poultry manure combined with or not other products such as wood chips.

Les déchets 20 ainsi que le combustible 2 sont donc déversés au-dessus de la grille 8 qui supporte ainsi un matelas constitué d'un mélange du combustible et des déchets. Il s'établit ainsi une sorte de matelas poreux M de quelques centimètres d'épaisseur qui se trouve enflammé par le brûleur.The waste 20 and the fuel 2 are poured over the grid 8 which thus supports a mattress consisting of a mixture of fuel and waste. It thus establishes a kind of porous mattress M a few centimeters thick which is ignited by the burner.

Selon une autre caractéristique de réalisation de l'invention, le foyer de combustion 3 comporte en-dessous de la grille de récupération 8, des moyens 30 d'extraction des cendres pilotés par une unité de commande non représentée. Ces moyens d'extraction des cendres 30 sont constitués par un organe moteur 31 agissant par l'intermédiaire d'une transmission 32 pour permettre l'escamotage au moins partiel de la grille de récupération 8. Dans l'exemple illustré, la grille de récupération 8 est entraínée en rotation pour permettre la tombée des cendres dans l'enceinte 14 située en-dessous du foyer de combustion 3. De préférence, la transmission 32 assure également la rotation d'un racleur 34 permettant d'entraíner les cendres en direction d'un moyen d'évacuation 36 des cendres à l'extérieur du foyer. Dans l'exemple illustré, ce moyen d'évacuation 36 est constitué par l'intermédiaire d'une vis sans fin, entraínée en rotation également par l'organe moteur 31. According to another embodiment of the invention, the combustion chamber 3 comprises, below the recovery grille 8 , means 30 for extracting the ashes controlled by a control unit not shown. These ash extraction means 30 consist of a motor member 31 acting via a transmission 32 to allow at least partial retraction of the recovery grid 8 . In the example shown, the recovery grid 8 is rotated to allow the ash to fall into the chamber 14 located below the combustion chamber 3 . Preferably, the transmission 32 also rotates a scraper 34 to drive the ash towards a means of evacuation 36 ashes outside the home. In the illustrated example, this evacuation means 36 is constituted by means of a worm screw, also rotated by the motor member 31.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la chaudière de chauffage 1 comporte un échangeur de chaleur 40 entre un circuit de circulation 41 d'un fluide caloporteur et un circuit de circulation 42 des gaz et fumées issus de la chambre de récupération 17. Dans l'exemple illustré, la chambre de récupération 17 est délimitée intérieurement par une virole 45 portée par le foyer réfractaire 3 permettant de délimiter intérieurement un chemin ascendant 171 pour les gaz et fumées issus directement du foyer de combustion 3 et extérieurement, un chemin descendant 172 pour les gaz et fumées qui se retrouvent en partie basse à l'entrée du circuit de circulation 42 des gaz et fumées de l'échangeur de chaleur 40. La chambre de récupération 17 présente ainsi un chemin de circulation 171, 172 pour les gaz et fumées entre le foyer de combustion 3 et l'entrée de l'échangeur de chaleur 40. According to another characteristic of the invention, the heating boiler 1 comprises a heat exchanger 40 between a circulation circuit 41 of a coolant and a circulation circuit 42 of the gases and fumes coming from the recovery chamber 17. the illustrated example, the recovery chamber 17 is delimited internally by a ferrule 45 carried by the refractory hearth 3 to delimit internally an upward path 17 1 for gases and fumes directly from the combustion chamber 3 and externally, a descending path 17 2 for the gases and fumes which are found in the lower part at the entrance of the circulation circuit 42 of the gases and fumes of the heat exchanger 40. The recovery chamber 17 thus has a circulation path 17 1 , 17 2 for gases and fumes between the combustion chamber 3 and the inlet of the heat exchanger 40.

Selon une caractéristique préférée de réalisation, l'échangeur de chaleur 40 comporte une série de tubes échangeurs 50, s'étendant parallèlement entre eux verticalement en étant disposés entre la virole 45 et une enveloppe externe 51. Tel que cela ressort plus précisément de la Fig. 2, les tubes échangeurs 50 sont disposés sur une circonférence circulaire. Le circuit de circulation des gaz et fumées 42 est donc relié en entrée à sa partie basse, à la sortie du chemin de circulation 172 de la chambre de récupération 17 et en partie haute, à une chambre de sortie 55 dans laquelle débouchent les tubes échangeurs 50. According to a preferred embodiment, the heat exchanger 40 comprises a series of exchanger tubes 50 , extending parallel to each other vertically, being arranged between the shell 45 and an outer shell 51 . As is more particularly apparent from FIG. 2 , the exchanger tubes 50 are arranged on a circular circumference. The flue gas circulation circuit 42 is thus connected at the inlet to its lower part, at the outlet of the circulation path 17 2 of the recovery chamber 17 and in the upper part, to an outlet chamber 55 into which the tubes open. exchangers 50.

De préférence, la chambre de sortie 55 comporte une bouche de sortie équipée d'un filtre. De même, l'échangeur de chaleur 40 comporte à sa partie basse, une sortie d'extraction pour des particules provenant des gaz et fumées.Preferably, the outlet chamber 55 comprises an outlet mouth equipped with a filter. Similarly, the heat exchanger 40 comprises at its lower part, an extraction outlet for particles from the gases and fumes.

Les tubes échangeurs 50 constituent par leurs parois, des capacités d'échange avec le circuit de circulation 41 d'un fluide caloporteur contenu entre lesdits tubes échangeurs 50 et des tubes concentriques 57. Le fluide échangeur contenu entre les tubes échangeurs 50 et les tubes concentriques 57, communique avec une chambre de mélange 60 aménagée dans la partie haute de la chaudière de chauffage et traversée par les tubes échangeurs 50.The exchanger tubes 50 constitute, by their walls, exchange capacities with the circulation circuit 41 of a coolant contained between said exchanger tubes 50 and concentric tubes 57. The exchanger fluid contained between the exchanger tubes 50 and the concentric tubes 57 , communicates with a mixing chamber 60 arranged in the upper part of the heating boiler and traversed by the heat exchanger tubes 50 .

Pour l'application avantageuse de la chaudière de chauffage au traitement des déchets 20, la chambre de récupération 17 des gaz et fumées délimite un chemin de circulation 171, 172 dont la longueur est adaptée pour permettre un temps de séjour des gaz et fumées entre l'entrée et la sortie, supérieure ou égale à 2 s et à une température au moins égale à 850°C. Il doit être compris que le temps de trajet des gaz et fumées dans le chemin de circulation 171, 172 doit être égal au moins à 2 s. Une telle disposition permet d'assurer de brûler pratiquement la totalité des dioxines présents dans les gaz et fumées. Selon cet exemple de réalisation illustré plus précisément à la Fig. 3, le chemin de circulation des gaz et fumées est délimité par une cheminée 61 s'élevant verticalement dans le prolongement du foyer de combustion 3. Cette cheminée 61 est munie d'une virole interne 45 délimitant intérieurement le chemin ascendant 171 pour les gaz et fumées. Cette virole interne 45 est montée à l'intérieur et à distance d'une chemise concentrique 62 délimitant entre elles le chemin descendant 172 pour les gaz et fumées.Cette cheminée 61 est pourvue d'un dôme 63 prolongeant la chemise 62 pour refermer la cheminée à sa partie haute en vue de permettre le changement de direction des gaz et fumées. Dans la mesure où les chemins ascendant 171 et descendant 172 s'étendent de part et d'autre de la virole 45, les gaz et fumées conservent, pendant ce trajet, une haute température au moins égale à 850°C.For the advantageous application of the heating boiler to the treatment of waste 20, the recovery chamber 17 of gases and fumes delimits a circulation path 17 1 , 17 2 whose length is adapted to allow a residence time of gases and fumes between inlet and outlet, greater than or equal to 2 s and a temperature of at least 850 ° C. It should be understood that the travel time of the gases and fumes in the flow path 17 1 , 17 2 must be at least 2 s. Such an arrangement makes it possible to ensure that practically all the dioxins present in the gases and fumes are burned. According to this exemplary embodiment illustrated more specifically in FIG. 3 , the flow path of gases and fumes is delimited by a chimney 61 rising vertically in the extension of the combustion chamber 3. This chimney 61 is provided with an inner ferrule 45 internally defining the upward path 17 1 for gases and smoked. This inner ferrule 45 is mounted inside and at a distance from a concentric liner 62 delimiting between them the descending path 17 2 for gases and fumes. This chimney 61 is provided with a dome 63 extending the liner 62 to close the liner. chimney at its upper part to allow the change of direction of gases and fumes. Insofar as the ascending 17 1 and descending 17 2 paths extend on either side of the shell 45, the gases and fumes retain, during this path, a high temperature of at least 850 ° C.

Selon une autre caractéristique préférée de réalisation, l'unité de commande pilotant les moyens 30 d'extraction des cendres commandent aussi le moyen pour enflammer le matelas poreux M et les moyens d'approvisionnement 21, 7 en déchets 20 et en combustible 2. Cette unité de commande permet d'assurer de manière répétée la réalisation d'un cycle de régulation comportant une étape pour enflammer les déchets 20 et le combustible 2, une étape de combustion pendant laquelle les moyens d'approvisionnement 21 en déchets 20 et les moyens d'approvisionnement 7 en combustible 2 sont régulés de manière à obtenir une température suffisante dans le foyer de combustion 3 et adaptée à l'énergie disponible pour la chaudière de chauffage. Cette étape de combustion est suivie par une étape d'extraction des cendres au cours de laquelle les moyens 30 d'extraction des cendres sont pilotés. Un tel cycle de régulation est ainsi répété régulièrement en fonction de la demande thermique et des apports en combustible et en déchets.According to another preferred embodiment, the control unit controlling the ash removal means 30 also controls the means for igniting the porous mat M and the supply means 21, 7 in waste 20 and in fuel 2 . This control unit makes it possible to repeatedly make the realization of a control cycle comprising a step for igniting the waste 20 and the fuel 2, a combustion step in which the supply means 21, waste 20 and means 7 supply of fuel 2 are regulated so as to obtain a sufficient temperature in the combustion chamber 3 and adapted to the energy available for the heating boiler. This combustion step is followed by an ash extraction step during which the ash extraction means 30 are controlled. Such a regulation cycle is thus regularly repeated according to the thermal demand and the fuel and waste inputs.

L'invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples décrits et représentés car diverses modifications peuvent y être apportées sans sortir de son cadre.The invention is not limited to the examples described and shown because various changes can be made without departing from its scope.

Claims (12)

Chaudière de chauffage à combustible (2) du type à éléments individualisés comportant : un foyer de combustion (3) pourvu d'un orifice (5) de déversement d'un combustible (2) apporté par des moyens d'amenée (6), un moyen pour permettre d'enflammer le combustible à l'intérieur du foyer de combustion (3), des moyens (11) de fourniture d'un comburant primaire pour permettre la combustion et l'obtention de gaz et fumées (F), des moyens (15) de fourniture d'un comburant secondaire pour les gaz et fumées, un système de canalisation (16) des gaz et fumées, une chambre de récupération (17) des gaz et fumées issus du système de canalisation s'élevant dans le prolongement vertical du foyer de combustion, et un échangeur de chaleur (40) entre un circuit de circulation (41) d'un fluide caloporteur et un circuit de circulation (42) des gaz et fumées issus de la chambre de récupération (17), caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte : une grille (8) de récupération du combustible (2) pour supporter un matelas poreux dudit premier combustible et en dessous de laquelle est aménagée une enceinte (14) de fourniture de comburant primaire, des moyens (15) de fourniture d'un comburant secondaire entre le système de canalisation (16) des gaz et fumées et le matelas poreux afin de perturber la circulation des gaz et fumées. Fuel heating boiler (2) of the individualized element type comprising: a combustion hearth (3) provided with a discharge orifice (5) for a fuel (2) supplied by supply means (6) , means for allowing the fuel to ignite inside the combustion chamber (3) , means (11) for supplying a primary oxidant to allow the combustion and production of gases and fumes (F) , means (15) for supplying a secondary oxidant for gases and fumes, a pipe system (16) for gases and fumes, a recovery chamber (17) for gases and fumes coming from the piping system rising in the vertical extension of the combustion chamber, and a heat exchanger (40) between a circulation circuit (41) of a coolant and a circulation circuit (42) for the gases and fumes coming from the recovery chamber (17) , characterized in that it comprises: a gate (8) for recovering fuel (2) for supporting a porous bed of said first fuel and below which is arranged a chamber (14) of supply of primary oxidant, means (15) for supplying a secondary oxidant between the ducting system (16) for gases and fumes and the porous mattress for disrupting the flow of gases and fumes. Chaudière de chauffage selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les moyens d'amenée (6) assurent l'apport de déchets (20) sur la grille de récupération (8). Heating boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the supply means (6) ensure the supply of waste (20) on the recovery grid (8). Chaudière de chauffage selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que les moyens d'amenée (6) sont alimentés par des moyens d'approvisionnement (7) en combustible (2) et des moyens d'approvisionnement (21) en déchets (20), ces moyens d'approvisionnement (21, 7) étant distincts. Heating boiler according to Claim 2, characterized in that the feed means (6) are fed by fuel supply means (7) (2) and waste feed means (21) (20). these supply means (21, 7) being distinct. Chaudière selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que le foyer de combustion (3) comporte en dessous de la grille de récupération (8), des moyens (30) d'extraction des cendres pilotés par une unité de commande.Boiler according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the combustion chamber (3) has, beneath the recovery grid (8), means (30) for extracting the ashes controlled by a control unit. Chaudière selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'extraction des cendres (30) sont constitués par un organe moteur (31) assurant au moins en partie l'escamotage de la grille de récupération (8). Boiler according to claim 4, characterized in that the ash removal means (30) consist of a motor member (31) ensuring at least partially the retraction of the recovery grid (8). Chaudière selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que les moyens d'extraction des cendres (30) comportent également un moyen d'évacuation des cendres (36) à l'extérieur du foyer et issues de la grille de récupération.Boiler according to claim 4, characterized in that the ash extraction means (30) also comprise an ash removal means (36) outside the home and from the recovery grid. Chaudière selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que l'unité de commande pilote aussi le moyen pour enflammer le matelas poreux et les moyens d'approvisionnement (21, 7) en déchets (20) et en combustible (2) de manière à assurer de manière répétée, la réalisation d'un cycle de régulation comportant une étape pour enflammer les déchets et le combustible, une étape de combustion pendant laquelle les moyens d'approvisionnement (21, 7) en déchets et en combustible sont régulés et une étape d'extraction des cendres.Boiler according to claim 4, characterized in that the control unit also controls the means for igniting the porous mat and the supply means (21, 7) of waste (20) and fuel (2) so as to ensure repeatedly, carrying out a control cycle comprising a step for igniting the waste and the fuel, a combustion step during which the waste and fuel supply means (21, 7) are regulated and a step of extraction of ashes. Chaudière selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la chambre de récupération des gaz et fumées (17) délimite un chemin de circulation (171, 172) dont la longueur est adaptée pour permettre un temps de séjour des gaz et fumées entre l'entrée et la sortie, supérieur ou égal à 2 s, à une température au moins égale à 850°C.Boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas and smoke recovery chamber (17) defines a circulation path (17 1 , 17 2 ) whose length is adapted to allow a residence time of the gases and fumes between inlet and outlet, greater than or equal to 2 s, at a temperature of at least 850 ° C. Chaudière selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que le chemin de circulation des gaz et fumées (171, 172) est délimité par une cheminée (61) s'élevant verticalement dans le prolongement du foyer de combustion (3) et munie d'une virole interne (45) délimitant intérieurement un chemin ascendant (171) pour les gaz et fumées et extérieurement, un chemin descendant (172) pour les gaz et fumées.Boiler according to claim 8, characterized in that the flow path of the gases and fumes (17 1 , 17 2 ) is delimited by a chimney (61) rising vertically in the extension of the combustion chamber (3) and provided with an inner shell (45) internally defining an upward path (17 1 ) for gases and fumes and externally a downward path (17 2 ) for gases and fumes. Chaudière selon les revendications 1 et 8, caractérisée en ce que l'échangeur de chaleur (40) comporte une série de tubes échangeurs (50) s'étendant parallèlement entre eux verticalement en étant disposés entre la virole (45) et une enveloppe externe (51) et constituant intérieurement un circuit de circulation des gaz et fumées (42) relié, en partie basse, à la sortie du chemin de circulation (17) et en partie haute à une chambre de sortie (55). Boiler according to claims 1 and 8, characterized in that the heat exchanger (40) comprises a series of exchanger tubes (50) extending parallel to one another vertically and arranged between the shell (45) and an outer casing ( 51) and internally constituting a flue gas circulation circuit (42) connected in the lower part to the outlet of the circulation path (17) and in the upper part to an outlet chamber (55). Chaudière selon la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce que les tubes échangeurs (50) constituent par leurs parois, des capacités d'échange avec un circuit de circulation (41) d'un fluide caloporteur contenu entre lesdits tubes échangeurs (50) et des tubes concentriques (57) et dans une chambre de mélange (60) traversée par les tubes échangeurs (50). Boiler according to Claim 10, characterized in that the exchanger tubes (50) constitute, by their walls, exchange capacities with a circulating circuit (41) for a coolant contained between said exchanger tubes (50) and tubes concentric (57) and in a mixing chamber (60) through which the heat exchanger tubes (50) pass. Chaudière selon la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce que la chambre de sortie (55) comporte une bouche de sortie équipée d'un filtre et en ce que l'échangeur de chaleur (40) comporte à sa partie basse une sortie d'extraction pour des particules.Boiler according to claim 10, characterized in that the outlet chamber (55) comprises an outlet mouth equipped with a filter and in that the heat exchanger (40) has at its lower part an extraction outlet for particles.
EP04356129A 2003-07-15 2004-07-13 Heating boiler for granulated fuel Withdrawn EP1498657A1 (en)

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FR0308591A FR2857732A1 (en) 2003-07-15 2003-07-15 FUEL HEATING BOILER OF THE INDIVIDUALIZED ELEMENT TYPE
FR0308591 2003-07-15

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WO2006038242A2 (en) * 2004-10-06 2006-04-13 J. Corradi S.R.L. Burner, particularly for solid fuels
FR2907881A1 (en) * 2006-10-27 2008-05-02 Sylvian Longatte Solid fuel burner for solid fuel boiler, has depression generating unit generating depression within burner to create circulation of primary air from bottom of wall and solid fuel till gas output tube in upper part of burner
FR2919711A1 (en) * 2007-08-02 2009-02-06 E U R L Jean Marie Thevenon Sa Vertical heat exchanger for e.g. shredded wood boiler, has insert arranged between external wall of tank and vertical separation cylinder, dip with two zones separated by cylinder, and inlet and outlet for allowing renewal of coolant
EP2058589A3 (en) * 2007-11-10 2009-10-21 IHT Innovative Heiztechnik GmbH Boiler for solid fuel

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WO2008059131A2 (en) * 2006-10-27 2008-05-22 Sylvian Longatte Boiler burner for solid fuels of the biomass or tyre type and boiler comprising such burner
WO2008059131A3 (en) * 2006-10-27 2008-07-03 Sylvian Longatte Boiler burner for solid fuels of the biomass or tyre type and boiler comprising such burner
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