EP1492393B1 - Ballast for fluorescent lamp and method to detect eol - Google Patents

Ballast for fluorescent lamp and method to detect eol Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1492393B1
EP1492393B1 EP04009750A EP04009750A EP1492393B1 EP 1492393 B1 EP1492393 B1 EP 1492393B1 EP 04009750 A EP04009750 A EP 04009750A EP 04009750 A EP04009750 A EP 04009750A EP 1492393 B1 EP1492393 B1 EP 1492393B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
low
discharge lamp
pressure discharge
voltage
voltage drop
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EP04009750A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1492393A1 (en
EP1492393B8 (en
Inventor
Jörg Dr. Lott
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Osram GmbH
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Osram GmbH
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/26Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
    • H05B41/28Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
    • H05B41/295Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices and specially adapted for lamps with preheating electrodes, e.g. for fluorescent lamps
    • H05B41/298Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions
    • H05B41/2981Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions for protecting the circuit against abnormal operating conditions
    • H05B41/2985Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions for protecting the circuit against abnormal operating conditions against abnormal lamp operating conditions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating at least one low-pressure discharge lamp on an inverter according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and a Bethebs réelle for at least one low-pressure discharge lamp according to claim 9.
  • the US 6,232,727 B1 discloses an operating method for a low-pressure discharge lamp with a power control and an automatic shutdown at the end of life of the low-pressure discharge lamp.
  • the method according to the invention for operating at least one low-pressure discharge lamp on an inverter is characterized in that for monitoring the occurrence of the rectifier effect in the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp, the DC voltage drop across the electrical terminals of the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp and the current through the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp or a thereto proportional size to be evaluated in order to define a criterion for the presence of the rectifier effect in the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp and thus a criterion for reaching the end of life of the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp.
  • the method according to the invention increases the reliability of the system consisting of the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp and the operating device, since the tolerance range for determining the end of life of the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp by means of the aforementioned variables can be specified more precisely and in this way a shutdown of the operating device due to an erroneous detection the rectifier effect is avoided.
  • the product from the current through the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp and the DC voltage drop across the electrical terminals of the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp is advantageously compared with a predetermined power value, since this product directly measures the asymmetry of the emission behavior of the lamp electrodes and the Result provides a value for electrical power that can be directly compared to the maximum allowable value specified in the supplement to the IEC 61347-2-3 standard fluorescent lamps "under test 2" Asymmetric Power Dissipation. "This maximum value is 7.5 watts for T5 lamps and 5.0 watts for T4 lamps.
  • the comparison is repeated continuously throughout the lamp operation with updated values of the aforementioned magnitudes, in order to avoid overheating of the lamp electrodes in the event of the occurrence of the rectifier effect.
  • a counting operation is advantageously carried out depending on the result of the comparison and in the case of a counter overflow or when an upper Counter threshold one status bit set or reset. The status of the status bit is thus an indicator of whether the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp has already reached its end of life.
  • the evaluation is advantageously carried out with the aid of a microcontroller in which a corresponding program for carrying out the comparisons has been implemented.
  • the microcontroller can additionally take over the control of the driver circuits for the transistor switches of the inverter.
  • the values for the difference of a predefined power value and the product from the DC voltage drop across the electrical connections of the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp and the current through the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp or a variable proportional thereto are preferably added up at different times of the lamp operation.
  • the current through the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp or the variable proportional thereto is advantageously determined by means of a resistor which is connected in series with the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp during a half-wave of the current through the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp, for example during the positive half-wave.
  • the current through the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp is determined from the voltage drop across this resistor, preferably after smoothing by means of a low-pass filter connected downstream of the resistor.
  • the voltage drop across the aforementioned resistor can additionally: be used for brightness control of at least one Niederdruckentladungslainpe. The same measured values can therefore be evaluated, for example with the aid of a microcontroller, both for controlling the brightness and for detecting the end of life of the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp.
  • the operating device described above makes it possible to carry out the operating method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrated operating device according to the invention is an electronic ballast for the operation of two parallel-connected low-pressure discharge lamps, in particular T5 fluorescent lamps FL1, FL2.
  • This ballast in particular also allows brightness regulation of the fluorescent lamps FL1, FL2.
  • the ballast has two mains voltage terminals 1, 2, a downstream mains voltage rectifier GL, which also includes a filter circuit and optionally a boost converter and at the voltage output, the supply voltage for the downstream half-bridge inverter is provided.
  • the half-bridge inverter has two half-bridge transistors T1, T2, at whose center tap M a load circuit formed as a series resonant circuit is connected, which comprises the resonance inductance L 1 and the resonance capacitor C 1.
  • Parallel to the resonance capacitor C1 a parallel circuit consisting of two fluorescent lamps FL1, FL2 is arranged.
  • This parallel circuit has two half-bridge capacitors C2, C3, which are each arranged in series with one of the fluorescent lamps FL1 and FL2.
  • a winding N1 or N2 of a balancing transformer L2 is connected, which serves to balance the lamp currents in the two branches.
  • the high-potential terminal A2 of the first half-bridge capacitor C2 is connected through the winding N2 of the transformer L2, the electrode E2 of the first fluorescent lamp FL1 and the resistor R1 to the positive DC voltage output of the mains voltage rectifier GL.
  • the high-potential terminal A3 of the second half-bridge capacitor C3 is connected to the positive DC voltage output of the mains voltage rectifier GL via the winding N 1 of the transformer L2, the electrode E4 of the second fluorescent lamp FL2 and the resistor R2.
  • the low potential Terminals of the half-bridge capacitors C2, C3 are respectively connected to the negative DC voltage output of the mains voltage rectifier GL and the ground potential.
  • the terminal A1 of the resonance capacitor C1 is connected to the electrode E1 of the first fluorescent lamp FL1 and the electrode E3 of the second fluorescent lamp and connected via the resonance inductor L1 to the center tap M of the half-bridge inverter.
  • the other terminal of the resonant capacitor C1 is connected to the negative DC voltage output of the mains voltage rectifier GL and the ground potential.
  • the terminal A1 is connected via the electrode E1 and the resistor R3 to the positive DC voltage output of the mains voltage rectifier GL.
  • heater H is inductively coupled to all electrodes E1, E2, E3, E4 of the two fluorescent lamps FL1, FL2 and is used to heat the lamp electrodes before the ignition of the gas discharge or during the dimming operation of the lamps. Details of this heater H are, for example, in the published patent application EP 0 748 146 A1 described.
  • the resistors R0, R1, R2 and R3 serve to adjust the potentials at the taps A1, A2 and A3.
  • the corresponding electrical voltages can build up on the capacitors C1, C2 and C3 immediately after switching on the operating device and before igniting the gas discharge in the lamps FL1, FL2.
  • the control of the half-bridge transistors T1, T2 takes place with the aid of the programmatically operating microcontroller MC and the driver circuits TR for the transistors T1, T2.
  • the center tap M is alternately connected to the negative and the positive DC output of the mains voltage rectifier GL. Since the half-bridge capacitors C2, C3 are charged to half the supply voltage of the half-bridge inverter flows during lamp operation between the taps M and A2 and A3, a high-frequency alternating current whose frequency is determined by the switching clock of the transistors T1, T2.
  • the switching clock of the half-bridge transistors T1, T2 is changed such that the frequency of the alternating current in the load circuit is close to the resonance frequency of the series resonant circuit L1, C1.
  • a sufficiently high voltage is generated at the resonance capacitor C 1 in order to ignite the gas discharge in the fluorescent lamps FL1, FL2.
  • the series resonant circuit L1, C1 is attenuated by the parallel connection of the fluorescent lamps FL1, FL2.
  • the brightness control of the fluorescent lamps FL1, FL2 also takes place by changing the frequency of the alternating current in the load circuit and in the parallel connection of the fluorescent lamps FL1, FL2.
  • the lamps FL1, FL2 serve the resistor R14, the two rectifier diodes D3, D4 and the low-pass filter R15, C10. Due to the polarity of the two diodes D3, D4, a voltage which is proportional to the positive half-wave of the current 1 is measured at the resistor R14.
  • the low-pass filter R15, C10 connected downstream, a value U 1 of this voltage averaged over one or more half-waves is supplied to the terminal A 11 of the microcontroller MC for evaluation.
  • the time-averaged voltage U 1 is therefore proportional to the time average I + of the positive half-wave of the current I through the parallel-connected lamps FL1, FL2.
  • the voltage U1 detected at the terminal A11 is also used to control the brightness of the two fluorescent lamps FL1, FL2.
  • the voltage divider R6, R7 is arranged with the capacitor C5 connected in parallel with the resistor R7.
  • the voltage U2 is measured, which is proportional to the supply voltage of the half-bridge inverter.
  • the voltage divider R8, R9 is arranged with the parallel to the resistor R9 connected capacitor C6.
  • the voltage U3 is measured, which is proportional to the voltage drop across the half-bridge capacitor C3.
  • the voltage divider R10, R11 is arranged with the capacitor C7 connected in parallel with the resistor R11.
  • the voltage U4 is measured, which is proportional to the voltage drop across the half-bridge capacitor C2.
  • the voltage applied to the terminals A6, A7, A8 and A11 voltages U1 to U4 are converted by analog-to-digital converters into digital values and evaluated by the microcontroller MC using a program implemented in the microcontroller to the driver circuit TR by an appropriate controller the half-bridge transistors T1, T2 to ensure a brightness control of the fluorescent lamps FL1, FL2 and a detection of the end of life of the lamps FL1, FL2.
  • the end of life of the lamps FL1, FL2 is detected by monitoring the occurrence of the rectifier effect in the fluorescent lamps FL1 FL2.
  • the DC voltage drop U dc1 across the electrical terminals of the fluorescent lamp FL1 is calculated from the difference of half the supply voltage of the half-bridge inverter and the voltage drop across the half-bridge capacitor C2 and can therefore be determined from the voltages U2 and U4.
  • U de ⁇ 1 1 2 ⁇ U ⁇ 2 ⁇ R ⁇ 6 + R ⁇ 7 R ⁇ 7 - U ⁇ 4 ⁇ R ⁇ 10 + R ⁇ 11 R ⁇ 11
  • the DC voltage drop U dc2 across the electrical connections of the fluorescent lamp FL2 is calculated from the difference of the half Supply voltage of the half-bridge inverter and the voltage drop across the half-bridge capacitor C3 and can therefore be determined from the voltages U2 and U3.
  • U de ⁇ 2 1 2 ⁇ U ⁇ 2 ⁇ R ⁇ 6 + R ⁇ 7 R ⁇ 7 - U ⁇ 3 ⁇ R ⁇ 8th + R ⁇ 9 R ⁇ 9
  • the correction factor p has the value 1.11.
  • the values of the outputs P 1 or P 2 can be directly compared with the maximum permissible limit P max of 7.5 W for the lamp power at T5 listed in the "Test 2: Asymmetric Power Dissipation" of the supplement to the standard IEC 61347-2-3 Lamps are compared to monitor the end of life of the two fluorescent lamps FL1, FL2. This comparison is cyclically repeated by the microcontroller MC during lamp operation for both lamps FL1, FL2.
  • the correction factor p is taken into account in the comparison value P max and deposited with this value in the nonvolatile memory. During operation, this stored value is then compared cyclically with the product of I + and the amount of U dc1 and U dc2 , respectively.
  • the measured values for the variables U1, U2 and U3 or U4 are updated sequentially for both lamps FL1 and FL2 according to the above formulas for the powers P1 and P2 calculated and compared respectively with the maximum allowable power P max . If the power P1 or P2 is less than the maximum allowable power P max and the count of the counter variables Z 1 and Z2 for the lamp FL1 and FL2 is equal to zero, the current cycle for the lamp FL1 or FL2 is exited.
  • the counter Z1 or Z2 is decremented by the value 1. Thereafter, when the count is zero, the status bit S1 or S2 for reaching the end of life of the lamp FL1 or FL2 is deleted, otherwise the new count Z1 or Z2 is stored and leave the current cycle for the lamp FL1 or FL2 , If the power P1 or P2 but not smaller than the maximum allowable power P max , the counter Z1 or Z2 is increased by 1.
  • the status bit S1 or S2 is set, that is, the lamp FL1 or FL2 has reached its end of life. If the value of the counter Z1 or Z2 is not greater than the upper counter threshold ZSW, the new counter reading Z1 or Z2 is stored and then the current cycle for the lamp FL1 or FL2 is exited.
  • the value of the upper counter threshold ZSW can be specified.
  • the operating device is switched off.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiment explained in more detail above.
  • the lamps FL1, FL2 may also be interrogated alternately instead of one after the other in the same cycle.
  • the counter readings Z1, Z2 be increased or decreased by a value greater than 1 in the event of a high overshoot or undershoot of the permissible limit value.

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  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betrieb mindestens einer Niederdruckentladungslampe an einem Wechselrichter gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 und ein Bethebsgerät für mindestens eine Niederdruckentladungslampe gemäß dem Patentanspruch 9.The invention relates to a method for operating at least one low-pressure discharge lamp on an inverter according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and a Bethebsgerät for at least one low-pressure discharge lamp according to claim 9.

I. Stand der Technik I. State of the art

Ein derartiges Betriebsverfahren ist zum Beispiel in der internationalen Patentanmeldung mit der Veröffentlichungsnummer WO 99/56506 offenbart. Diese Schrift beschreibt den Betrieb einer Niederdruckentladungslampe an einer Schaltungsanordnung, die einen Halhbrückenwechselrichter mit daran angeschlossenem Lastkreis besitzt, in dem die Anschlüsse für die Lampe angeordnet sind. Um das Auftreten des Gleichrichtereffektes in der Niederdruckentladungslampe zu detektieren, wird der Spannungsabfall an dem Halbbrückenkondensator überwacht und beim Überschreiten eines vorgegebenen oberen Grenzwertes bzw. beim Unterschreiten eines vorgegebenen unteren Grenzwertes wird eine Abschaltungsvorrichtung für den Halbbrückenwechselrichter aktiviert.Such an operating method is described, for example, in the international patent application with the publication number WO 99/56506 disclosed. This document describes the operation of a low-pressure discharge lamp on a circuit arrangement which has a half-bridge inverter with a load circuit connected thereto, in which the connections for the lamp are arranged. In order to detect the occurrence of the rectifier effect in the low-pressure discharge lamp, the voltage drop across the half-bridge capacitor is monitored, and when a predetermined upper limit value is exceeded or a predetermined lower limit value is exceeded, a shutdown device for the half-bridge inverter is activated.

Die US 6,232,727 B1 offenbart ein Betriebsverfahren für eine Niederdruckentladungslampe mit einer Leistungsregelung und einer automatischen Abschaltung am Lebensdauerende der Niederdruckentladungslampe.The US 6,232,727 B1 discloses an operating method for a low-pressure discharge lamp with a power control and an automatic shutdown at the end of life of the low-pressure discharge lamp.

II. Darstellung der Erfindung II. Presentation of the invention

Es ist die Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Betriebsverfahren für mindestens eine Niederdruckentladungslampe bereitzustellen, das eine zuverlässigere Erkennung des Gleichrichrereffektes in der mindestens einen Niederdruckentladungslampe ermöglicht und insbesondere Abschaltungen des Betriebsgerätes aufgrund von fehlerhafter Erkennung des Gleichrichtereffektes vermeidet. Außerdem ist es die Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Betriebsgerät für mindestens eine Niederdruckentladungslampe zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens bereitzustellen.It is the object of the invention to provide an operating method for at least one low-pressure discharge lamp, which enables a more reliable detection of the rectifying effect in the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp and in particular avoids disconnections of the operating device due to erroneous detection of the rectifier effect. In addition, it is the object of the invention to provide an operating device for at least one low-pressure discharge lamp for carrying out this method.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 bzw. 9 gelöst. Besonders vorteilhafte Ausführungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Patentansprüchen beschrieben.This object is achieved by the features of claim 1 and 9, respectively. Particularly advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the dependent claims.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Betrieb mindestens einer Niederdruckentladungslampe an einem Wechselrichter, zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass zur Überwachung des Auftretens des Gleichrichtereffektes in der mindestens einen Niederdruckentladungslampe der Gleichspannungsabfall über den elektrischen Anschlüssen der mindestens einen Niederdruckentladungslampe und der Strom durch die mindestens eine Niederdruckentladungslampe oder eine dazu proportionale Größe ausgewertet werden, um daraus ein Kriterium für das Vorhandensein des Gleichrichtereffektes in der mindestens einen Niederdruckentladungslampe und damit auch ein Kriterium für das Erreichen des Lebensdauerendes der mindestens einen Niederdruckentladungslampe zu definieren. Durch Überwachen und Auswerten der vorgenannten Größen kann das Auftreten des Gleichrichtereffektes unabhängig von der eingesetzten Lampe und der aktuellen Dimmstellung mit hinreichender Genauigkeit festgestellt werden. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren erhöht die Zuverlässigkeit des Systems bestehend aus der mindestens einen Niederdruckentladungslampe und dem Betriebsgerät, da der Toleranzbereich für die Feststellung des Lebensdauerendes der mindestens einen Niederdruckentladungslampe mittels der vorgenannten Größen genauer spezifiziert werden kann und auf diese Weise eine Abschaltung des Betriebsgerätes aufgrund einer fehlerhaften Detektion des Gleichrichtereffektes vermieden wird.The method according to the invention for operating at least one low-pressure discharge lamp on an inverter is characterized in that for monitoring the occurrence of the rectifier effect in the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp, the DC voltage drop across the electrical terminals of the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp and the current through the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp or a thereto proportional size to be evaluated in order to define a criterion for the presence of the rectifier effect in the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp and thus a criterion for reaching the end of life of the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp. By monitoring and evaluating the aforementioned variables, the occurrence of the rectifier effect, regardless of the lamp used and the current dimming position can be determined with sufficient accuracy. The method according to the invention increases the reliability of the system consisting of the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp and the operating device, since the tolerance range for determining the end of life of the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp by means of the aforementioned variables can be specified more precisely and in this way a shutdown of the operating device due to an erroneous detection the rectifier effect is avoided.

Zur Auswertung der oben genannten Größen wird vorteilhaft das Produkt aus dem Strom durch die mindestens eine Niederdruckentladungslampe und dem Gleichspannungsabfall über den elektrischen Anschlüssen der mindestens einen Niederdruckentladungslampe mit einem vorgegeben Leistungswert verglichen, da dieses Produkt direkt ein Maß für die Asymmetrie des Emissionsverhaltens der Lampenelektroden und das Ergebnis einen Wert für eine elektrische Leistung liefert, der unmittelbar mit dem zulässigen Maximalwert verglichen werden kann, der in der Ergänzung zur Norm IEC 61347-2-3 "Particular requirements for a.c. supplied electronic ballasts for fluorescent lamps" unter dem Test 2 "Asymmetric Power Dissipation" angegeben ist. Dieser:Maximalwert beträgt für T5-Lampen 7,5 Watt und für T4-Lampen 5,0 Watt.For evaluating the above-mentioned variables, the product from the current through the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp and the DC voltage drop across the electrical terminals of the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp is advantageously compared with a predetermined power value, since this product directly measures the asymmetry of the emission behavior of the lamp electrodes and the Result provides a value for electrical power that can be directly compared to the maximum allowable value specified in the supplement to the IEC 61347-2-3 standard fluorescent lamps "under test 2" Asymmetric Power Dissipation. "This maximum value is 7.5 watts for T5 lamps and 5.0 watts for T4 lamps.

Der Vergleich wird während des gesamten Lampenbetriebs mit aktualisierten Werten der vorgenannten Größen fortlaufend wiederholt, um im Falle des Auftretens des Gleichrichtereffekts eine Überhitzung der Lampenelektroden zu vermeiden. Um eine zuverlässige Erkennung des Gleichrichtereffektes zu ermöglichen und damit nicht ein zufälliges, einmaliges Überschreiten des zulässigen Maximalwertes zu einem Abschalten der mindestens einen Niederdruckentladungslampe führt, wird vorteilhafterweise in Abhängigkeit von dem Ergebnis des Vergleichs ein Zählvorgang ausgeführt und im Fall eines Zählerüberlaufs oder beim Überschreiten einer oberen Zählerschwelle ein Statusbit gesetzt bzw. zurückgesetzt. Der Zustand des Statusbits ist somit ein Indikator, ob die mindestens eine Niederdruckentladungslampe bereits ihr Lebensdauerende erreicht hat.The comparison is repeated continuously throughout the lamp operation with updated values of the aforementioned magnitudes, in order to avoid overheating of the lamp electrodes in the event of the occurrence of the rectifier effect. In order to enable a reliable detection of the rectifier effect and thus does not lead to a random, exceeding the permissible maximum value to shutdown of at least one low-pressure discharge lamp, a counting operation is advantageously carried out depending on the result of the comparison and in the case of a counter overflow or when an upper Counter threshold one status bit set or reset. The status of the status bit is thus an indicator of whether the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp has already reached its end of life.

Die Auswertung erfolgt vorteilhaft mit Hilfe eines Mikrocontrollers, in dem ein entsprechendes Programm zur Durchführung der Vergleiche implementiert wurde. Der Mikrocontroller kann zusätzlich auch die Steuerung der Treiberschaltungen für die Transistorschalter des Wechselrichters übernehmen. Zur Auswertung werden vorzugsweise die zu unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten des Lampenbetriebs ermittelten Werte für die Differenz eines vorgegebenen Leistungswertes und des Produktes aus dem Gleichspannungsabfall über den elektrischen Anschlüssen der mindestens einen Niederdruckentladungslampe und dem Strom durch die mindestens eine Niederdruckentladungslampe oder einer dazu proportionalen Größe aufaddiert.The evaluation is advantageously carried out with the aid of a microcontroller in which a corresponding program for carrying out the comparisons has been implemented. The microcontroller can additionally take over the control of the driver circuits for the transistor switches of the inverter. For evaluation, the values for the difference of a predefined power value and the product from the DC voltage drop across the electrical connections of the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp and the current through the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp or a variable proportional thereto are preferably added up at different times of the lamp operation.

Der Strom durch die mindestens eine Niederdruckentladungslampe oder die dazu proportionale Größe wird vorteilhaft mittels eines Widerstandes ermittelt, der während einer Halbwelle des Stroms durch die mindestens eine Niederdruckentladungslampe, beispielsweise während der positiven Halbwelle, in Serie zu der mindestens einen Niederdruckentladungslampe geschaltet ist. Aus dem Spannungsabfall an diesem Widerstand wird, vorzugsweise nach Glättung mittels eines dem Widerstand nachgeschalteten Tiefpassfilters, der Strom durch die mindestens eine Niederdruckentladungslampe ermittelt. Der Spannungsabfall an dem vorgenannten Widerstand kann zusätzlich : zur Helligkeitsregelung der mindestens einen Niederdruckentladungslainpe genutzt werden. Die gleichen Messwerte können daher beispielsweise mit Hilfe eines Mikrocontrollers sowohl zur Helligkeitsregelung als auch zur Detektion des Lebensdauerendes der mindestens einen Niederdruckentladungslampe ausgewertet werden.The current through the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp or the variable proportional thereto is advantageously determined by means of a resistor which is connected in series with the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp during a half-wave of the current through the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp, for example during the positive half-wave. The current through the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp is determined from the voltage drop across this resistor, preferably after smoothing by means of a low-pass filter connected downstream of the resistor. The voltage drop across the aforementioned resistor can additionally: be used for brightness control of at least one Niederdruckentladungslainpe. The same measured values can therefore be evaluated, for example with the aid of a microcontroller, both for controlling the brightness and for detecting the end of life of the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp.

Das erfindungsgemäße Betriebsgerät für mindestens eine Niederdruckentladungslampe weist folgende Merkmale auf:

  • einen Halbbrückenwechselrichter, an den ein Lastkreis angeschlossen ist, in dem elektrische Anschlüsse für mindestens eine Niederdruckentladungslampe und mindestens ein Halbbrückenkondensator angeordnet sind,
  • eine erste Messvorrichtung zur Messung einer ersten Spannung, die proportional zu dem Strom durch die mindestens eine Niederdruckentladungslampe ist,
  • eine zweite Messvorrichtung zur Messung einer zweiten Spannung, die proportional zu dem Spannungsabfall an dem mindestens einen Halbbrückenkondensator ist,
  • eine dritte Messvorrichtung zur Messung einer dritten Spannung, die proportional zur Versorgungsspannung des Halbbrückenwechselrichters ist, und
  • eine Auswertungseinheit, die mit den Ausgängen der Messvorrichtungen verbunden ist, einen programmgesteuert arbeitenden Mikrocontroller umfasst und die zur Auswertung der ersten, zweiten und dritten Spannung sowie zur Steuerung des Halbbrückenwechselrichters in Abhängigkeit von dem Ergebnis der Auswertung dient.
The operating device according to the invention for at least one low-pressure discharge lamp has the following features:
  • a half-bridge inverter, to which a load circuit is connected, in which electrical connections for at least one low-pressure discharge lamp and at least one half-bridge capacitor are arranged,
  • a first measuring device for measuring a first voltage, which is proportional to the current through the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp,
  • a second measuring device for measuring a second voltage that is proportional to the voltage drop across the at least one half-bridge capacitor,
  • a third measuring device for measuring a third voltage which is proportional to the supply voltage of the half-bridge inverter, and
  • an evaluation unit which is connected to the outputs of the measuring devices, comprises a program-controlled operating microcontroller and which serves to evaluate the first, second and third voltage and to control the half-bridge inverter depending on the result of the evaluation.

Das oben beschriebene Betriebsgerät ermöglicht die Durchführung des ertindungsgemäßen Betriebsverfahrens.The operating device described above makes it possible to carry out the operating method according to the invention.

III. Beschreibung des bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels III. Description of the Preferred Embodiment

Nachstehend wird die Erfindung anhand eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
Eine Schaltskizze der Schaltungsanordnung des erfindungsgemäßen Betriebsgerätes zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Betriebsverfahrens in schematischer Darstellung
Figur 2
Ein Flussdiagramm des erfindungsgemäßen Betriebsverfahrens
The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to a preferred embodiment. Show it:
FIG. 1
A circuit diagram of the circuit arrangement of the operating device according to the invention for carrying out the operating method according to the invention in a schematic representation
FIG. 2
A flow chart of the operating method according to the invention

Bei dem in Figur 1 schematisch abgebildeten erfindungsgemäßen Betriebsgerät handelt es sich um ein elektronisches Vorschaltgerät zum Betrieb von zwei parallel geschalteten Niederdruckentladungslampen, insbesondere T5-Leuchtstofflampen FL1, FL2. Dieses Vorschaltgerät ermöglicht insbesondere auch eine Helligkeitsregulierung der Leuchtstofflampen FL1, FL2.At the in FIG. 1 schematically illustrated operating device according to the invention is an electronic ballast for the operation of two parallel-connected low-pressure discharge lamps, in particular T5 fluorescent lamps FL1, FL2. This ballast in particular also allows brightness regulation of the fluorescent lamps FL1, FL2.

Das Vorschaltgerät besitzt zwei Netzspannungsanschlüsse 1, 2, einen nachgeschalteten Netzspannungsgleichrichter GL, der auch eine Filterschaltung und gegebenenfalls einen Hochsetzsteller umfasst und an dessen Spannungsausgang die Versorgungsspannung für den nachgeschalteten Halbbrückenwechselrichter bereitgestellt wird. Der Halbbrückenwechselrichter weist zwei Halbbrückentransistoren T1, T2 auf, an deren Mittenabgriff M ein als Serienresonanzkreis ausgebildeter Lastkreis angeschlossen ist, der die Resonanzinduktivität L 1 und den Resonanzkondensator C 1 umfasst. Parallel zu dem Resonanzkondensator C1 ist eine Parallelschaltung bestehend aus zwei Leuchtstofflampen FL1, FL2 angeordnet. Diese Parallelschaltung weist zwei Halbbrückenkondensatoren C2, C3 auf, die jeweils in Serie zu einer der Leuchtstofflampen FL1 bzw. FL2 angeordnet sind. Außerdem ist in jeden Zweig der Parallelschaltung eine Wicklung N1 bzw. N2 eines Symmetriertransformators L2 geschaltet, der zur Symmetrierung der Lampenströme in den beiden Zweigen dient. Der auf hohem Potential befindliche Anschluss A2 des ersten Halbbrückenkondensators C2 ist über die Wicklung N2 des Transformators L2, die Elektrode E2 der ersten Leuchtstofflampe FL1 und den Widerstand R1 mit dem positiven Gleichspannungsausgang des Netzspannungsgleichrichters GL verbunden. Analog dazu ist der auf hohem Potential befindliche Anschluss A3 des zweiten Halbbrückenkondensators C3 über die Wicklung N 1 des Transformators L2, die Elektrode E4 der zweiten Leuchtstofflampe FL2 und den Widerstand R2 mit dem positiven Gleichspannungsausgang des Netzspannungsgleichrichters GL verbunden. Die auf niedrigem Potential liegenden Anschlüsse der Halbbrückenkondensatoren C2, C3 sind jeweils mit dem negativen Gleichspannungsausgang des Netzspannungsgleichrichters GL und dem Massepotential verbunden. Der Anschluss A1 des Resonanzkondensators C1 ist mit der Elektrode E1 der ersten Leuchtstofflampe FL1 und der Elektrode E3 der zweiten Leuchtstofflampe verbunden und über die Resonanzinduktivität L1 an den Mittenabgriff M des Halbbrückenwechselrichters angeschlossen. Der andere Anschluss des Resonanzkondensators C1 ist mit dem negativen Gleichspannungsausgang des Netzspannungsgleichrichters GL und dem Massepotential verbunden. Außerdem ist der Anschluss A1 über die Elektrode E1 und den Widerstand R3 mit dem positiven Gleichspannungsausgang des Netzspannungsgleichrichters GL verbunden. Die in der Figur 1 nur schematisch abgebildete Heizvorrichtung H ist induktiv an alle Elektroden E1, E2, E3, E4 der beiden Leuchtstofflampen FL1, FL2 gekoppelt und dient zur Heizung der Lampenelektroden vor dem Zünden der Gasentladung oder auch während des Dimmbetriebs der Lampen. Details dieser Heizvorrichtung H sind beispielsweise in der Offenlegungsschrift EP 0 748 146 A1 beschrieben. Die Widerstände R0, R1, R2 und R3 dienen zur Einstellung der Potentiale an den Abgriffen A1, A2 und A3. Insbesondere können sich mittels der vorgenannten Widerstände unmittelbar nach dem Einschalten des Betriebsgerätes und vor dem Zünden der Gasentladung in den Lampen FL1, FL2 an den Kondensatoren C1, C2 und C3 die entsprechenden elektrischen Spannungen aufbauen.The ballast has two mains voltage terminals 1, 2, a downstream mains voltage rectifier GL, which also includes a filter circuit and optionally a boost converter and at the voltage output, the supply voltage for the downstream half-bridge inverter is provided. The half-bridge inverter has two half-bridge transistors T1, T2, at whose center tap M a load circuit formed as a series resonant circuit is connected, which comprises the resonance inductance L 1 and the resonance capacitor C 1. Parallel to the resonance capacitor C1, a parallel circuit consisting of two fluorescent lamps FL1, FL2 is arranged. This parallel circuit has two half-bridge capacitors C2, C3, which are each arranged in series with one of the fluorescent lamps FL1 and FL2. In addition, in each branch of the parallel circuit, a winding N1 or N2 of a balancing transformer L2 is connected, which serves to balance the lamp currents in the two branches. The high-potential terminal A2 of the first half-bridge capacitor C2 is connected through the winding N2 of the transformer L2, the electrode E2 of the first fluorescent lamp FL1 and the resistor R1 to the positive DC voltage output of the mains voltage rectifier GL. Analogously, the high-potential terminal A3 of the second half-bridge capacitor C3 is connected to the positive DC voltage output of the mains voltage rectifier GL via the winding N 1 of the transformer L2, the electrode E4 of the second fluorescent lamp FL2 and the resistor R2. The low potential Terminals of the half-bridge capacitors C2, C3 are respectively connected to the negative DC voltage output of the mains voltage rectifier GL and the ground potential. The terminal A1 of the resonance capacitor C1 is connected to the electrode E1 of the first fluorescent lamp FL1 and the electrode E3 of the second fluorescent lamp and connected via the resonance inductor L1 to the center tap M of the half-bridge inverter. The other terminal of the resonant capacitor C1 is connected to the negative DC voltage output of the mains voltage rectifier GL and the ground potential. In addition, the terminal A1 is connected via the electrode E1 and the resistor R3 to the positive DC voltage output of the mains voltage rectifier GL. The in the FIG. 1 only schematically illustrated heater H is inductively coupled to all electrodes E1, E2, E3, E4 of the two fluorescent lamps FL1, FL2 and is used to heat the lamp electrodes before the ignition of the gas discharge or during the dimming operation of the lamps. Details of this heater H are, for example, in the published patent application EP 0 748 146 A1 described. The resistors R0, R1, R2 and R3 serve to adjust the potentials at the taps A1, A2 and A3. In particular, by means of the abovementioned resistors, the corresponding electrical voltages can build up on the capacitors C1, C2 and C3 immediately after switching on the operating device and before igniting the gas discharge in the lamps FL1, FL2.

Die Steuerung der Halbbrückentransistoren T1, T2 erfolgt mit Hilfe des programmgesteuert arbeitenden Mikrocontrollers MC und der Treiberschaltungen TR für die Transistoren T1, T2. Durch alternierendes Schalten der Transistoren T1, T2 wird der Mittenabgriff M abwechselnd mit dem negativen und dem positiven Gleichspannungsausgang des Netzspannungsgleichrichters GL verbunden. Da die Halbbrückenkondensatoren C2, C3 auf die Hälfte der Versorgungsspannung des Halbbrückenwechselrichters aufgeladen sind, fließt während des Lampenbetriebs zwischen den Abgriffen M und A2 bzw. A3 ein hochfrequenter Wechselstrom, dessen Frequenz durch den Schalttakt der Transistoren T1, T2 bestimmt ist. Zum Zünden der Gasentladung in den Leuchtstofflampen FL1, FL2 wird der Schalttakt der Halbbrückentransistoren T1, T2 derart verändert, dass die Frequenz des Wechselstroms in dem Lastkreis in der Nähe der Resonanzfrequenz des Serienresonanzkreises L1, C1 liegt. Dadurch wird an dem Resonanzkondensator C 1 eine ausreichend hohe Spannung generiert, um die Gasentladung in den Leuchtstofflampen FL1, FL2 zu zünden. Nach dem Zünden der Gasentladung in den Leuchtstofflampen FL1, FL2 wird der Serienresonanzkreis L1, C1 durch die Parallelschaltung der Leuchtstofflampen FL1, FL2 gedämpft. Die Helligkeitsregelung der Leuchtstofflampen FL1, FL2 erfolgt ebenfalls durch Verändern der Frequenz des Wechselstroms in dem Lastkreis und in der Parallelschaltung der Leuchtstofflampen FL1, FL2.The control of the half-bridge transistors T1, T2 takes place with the aid of the programmatically operating microcontroller MC and the driver circuits TR for the transistors T1, T2. By alternately switching the transistors T1, T2, the center tap M is alternately connected to the negative and the positive DC output of the mains voltage rectifier GL. Since the half-bridge capacitors C2, C3 are charged to half the supply voltage of the half-bridge inverter flows during lamp operation between the taps M and A2 and A3, a high-frequency alternating current whose frequency is determined by the switching clock of the transistors T1, T2. For igniting the gas discharge in the fluorescent lamps FL1, FL2, the switching clock of the half-bridge transistors T1, T2 is changed such that the frequency of the alternating current in the load circuit is close to the resonance frequency of the series resonant circuit L1, C1. As a result, a sufficiently high voltage is generated at the resonance capacitor C 1 in order to ignite the gas discharge in the fluorescent lamps FL1, FL2. After igniting the gas discharge in the fluorescent lamps FL1, FL2, the series resonant circuit L1, C1 is attenuated by the parallel connection of the fluorescent lamps FL1, FL2. The brightness control of the fluorescent lamps FL1, FL2 also takes place by changing the frequency of the alternating current in the load circuit and in the parallel connection of the fluorescent lamps FL1, FL2.

Zur Messung des Stroms I durch die Parallelschaltung der Lampen FL1, FL2 dienen der Widerstand R14, die beiden Gleichrichterdioden D3, D4 und das Tiefpassfilter R15, C10. Am Widerstand R14 wird aufgrund der Polung der beiden Dioden D3, D4 eine Spannung gemessen, die proportional zur positiven Halbwelle des Stroms 1 ist. Mittels des nachgeschalteten Tiefpassfilters R15, C10 wird ein über eine oder mehrere Halbwellen gemittelter Wert U 1 dieser Spannung dem Anschluss A 11 des Mikrocontrollers MC zur Auswertung zugeführt. Die zeitliche gemittelte Spannung U 1 ist daher proportional zu dem zeitlichen Mittelwert I+ der positiven Halbwelle des Stroms I durch die parallel geschalteten Lampen FL1, FL2. Die am Anschluss A11 detektierte Spannung U1 wird auch zur Helligkeitsregelung der beiden Leuchtstofflampen FL1, FL2 verwendet.For measuring the current I through the parallel connection of the lamps FL1, FL2 serve the resistor R14, the two rectifier diodes D3, D4 and the low-pass filter R15, C10. Due to the polarity of the two diodes D3, D4, a voltage which is proportional to the positive half-wave of the current 1 is measured at the resistor R14. By means of the low-pass filter R15, C10 connected downstream, a value U 1 of this voltage averaged over one or more half-waves is supplied to the terminal A 11 of the microcontroller MC for evaluation. The time-averaged voltage U 1 is therefore proportional to the time average I + of the positive half-wave of the current I through the parallel-connected lamps FL1, FL2. The voltage U1 detected at the terminal A11 is also used to control the brightness of the two fluorescent lamps FL1, FL2.

Parallel zum Gleichspannungsausgang des Netzspannungsgleichrichters GL ist der Spannungsteiler R6, R7 mit dem parallel zum Widerstand R7 geschalteten Kondensator C5 angeordnet. An dem Abgriff A6 zwischen den Widerständen R6, R7, der mit dem entsprechenden Anschluss A6 des Mikrocontrollers MC verbunden ist, wird die Spannung U2 gemessen, die proportional zur Versorgungsspannung des Halbbrückenwechselrichters ist. Parallel zum Halbbrückenkondensator C3 ist der Spannungsteiler R8, R9 mit dem parallel zum Widerstand R9 geschalteten Kondensator C6 angeordnet. An dem Abgriff A7 zwischen den Widerständen R8, R9, der mit dem entsprechenden Anschluss A7 des Mikrocontrollers MC verbunden ist, wird die Spannung U3 gemessen, die proportional zu dem Spannungsabfall an dem Halbbrückenkondensator C3 ist. Analog dazu ist parallel zum Halbbrückenkondensator C2 der Spannungsteiler R10, R11 mit dem parallel zum Widerstand R11 geschalteten Kondensator C7 angeordnet. An dem Abgriff A8 zwischen den Widerständen R10, R11, der mit dem entsprechenden Anschluss A8 des Mikrocontrollers MC verbunden ist, wird die Spannung U4 gemessen, die proportional zu dem Spannungsabfall an dem Halbbrückenkondensator C2 ist.Parallel to the DC voltage output of the mains voltage rectifier GL, the voltage divider R6, R7 is arranged with the capacitor C5 connected in parallel with the resistor R7. At the tap A6 between the resistors R6, R7, which is connected to the corresponding terminal A6 of the microcontroller MC, the voltage U2 is measured, which is proportional to the supply voltage of the half-bridge inverter. Parallel to the half-bridge capacitor C3, the voltage divider R8, R9 is arranged with the parallel to the resistor R9 connected capacitor C6. At the tap A7 between the resistors R8, R9, which is connected to the corresponding terminal A7 of the microcontroller MC, the voltage U3 is measured, which is proportional to the voltage drop across the half-bridge capacitor C3. Similarly, parallel to the half-bridge capacitor C2 the voltage divider R10, R11 is arranged with the capacitor C7 connected in parallel with the resistor R11. At the tap A8 between the resistors R10, R11, which is connected to the corresponding terminal A8 of the microcontroller MC, the voltage U4 is measured, which is proportional to the voltage drop across the half-bridge capacitor C2.

Die an den Anschlüssen A6, A7, A8 und A11 anliegenden Spannungen U1 bis U4 werden mittels Analog-Digital-Wandler in digitale Werte umgewandelt und von dem Mikrocontroller MC mit Hilfe eines im Mikrocontroller implementierten Programms ausgewertet, um über die Treiberschaltung TR durch eine entsprechende Steuerung der Halbbrückentransistoren T1, T2 eine Helligkeitsregelung der Leuchtstofflampen FL1, FL2 und eine Erkennung des Lebensdauerendes der Lampen FL1, FL2 zu gewährleisten. Das Lebensdauerende der Lampen FL1, FL2 wird durch Überwachen des Auftretens des Gleichrichtereffekts in den Leuchtstofflampen FL1 FL2 festgestellt. Zu diesem Zweck werden mittels des Mikrocontrollers MC der Gleichspannungsabfall Udc1 bzw. Udc2 über den elektrischen Anschlüssen der Leuchtstofflampen FL1, FL2 und der Strom durch die Leuchtstofflampen FL1, FL2, das heißt, der Gesamtstrom 1 durch die Parallelschaltung der Lampen FL1, FL2. ausgewertet. Der Mittelwert I+ über die positive Halbwelle dieses Stroms I berechnet sich aus der Spannung U1 und dem Widerstand R14 zu: I + = U 1 R 14

Figure imgb0001
The voltage applied to the terminals A6, A7, A8 and A11 voltages U1 to U4 are converted by analog-to-digital converters into digital values and evaluated by the microcontroller MC using a program implemented in the microcontroller to the driver circuit TR by an appropriate controller the half-bridge transistors T1, T2 to ensure a brightness control of the fluorescent lamps FL1, FL2 and a detection of the end of life of the lamps FL1, FL2. The end of life of the lamps FL1, FL2 is detected by monitoring the occurrence of the rectifier effect in the fluorescent lamps FL1 FL2. For this purpose, by means of the microcontroller MC, the DC voltage drop U dc1 or U dc2 across the electrical connections of the fluorescent lamps FL1, FL2 and the current through the fluorescent lamps FL1, FL2, that is, the total current 1 through the parallel connection of the lamps FL1, FL2. evaluated. The mean value I + over the positive half wave of this current I is calculated from the voltage U1 and the resistance R14 to: I + = U 1 R 14
Figure imgb0001

Der Gleichspannungsabfall Udc1 über den elektrischen Anschlüssen der Leuchtstofflampe FL1 berechnet sich aus der Differenz der halben Versorgungsspannung des Halbbrückenwechselrichters und dem Spannungsabfall an dem Halbbrückenkondensator C2 und kann daher aus den Spannungen U2 und U4 ermittelt werden. U de 1 = 1 2 U 2 R 6 + R 7 R 7 - U 4 R 10 + R 11 R 11

Figure imgb0002
The DC voltage drop U dc1 across the electrical terminals of the fluorescent lamp FL1 is calculated from the difference of half the supply voltage of the half-bridge inverter and the voltage drop across the half-bridge capacitor C2 and can therefore be determined from the voltages U2 and U4. U de 1 = 1 2 U 2 R 6 + R 7 R 7 - U 4 R 10 + R 11 R 11
Figure imgb0002

Analog dazu berechnet sich der Gleichspannungsabfall Udc2 über den elektrischen Anschlüssen der Leuchtstofflampe FL2 berechnet sich aus der Differenz der halben Versorgungsspannung des Halbbrückenwechselrichters und dem Spannungsabfall an dem Halbbrückenkondensator C3 und kann daher aus den Spannungen U2 und U3 ermittelt werden. U de 2 = 1 2 U 2 R 6 + R 7 R 7 - U 3 R 8 + R 9 R 9

Figure imgb0003
Analogously, the DC voltage drop U dc2 across the electrical connections of the fluorescent lamp FL2 is calculated from the difference of the half Supply voltage of the half-bridge inverter and the voltage drop across the half-bridge capacitor C3 and can therefore be determined from the voltages U2 and U3. U de 2 = 1 2 U 2 R 6 + R 7 R 7 - U 3 R 8th + R 9 R 9
Figure imgb0003

Aus den vorstehenden Größen I+ und Udc1, bzw. Udc2 kann für beide Leuchtstofflampen FL1 bzw. FL2 die Leistung P1 bzw. P2 mittels der Formel P 1 = I + U de 1 p bzw . P 2 = I + U de 2 p

Figure imgb0004
berechnet werden, wobei der Korrekturfaktor p von der Kurvenform abhängt und sich aus dem Formfaktor k und dem Tastverhältnis τ ergibt zu: p = k 2 τ
Figure imgb0005
From the above variables I + and U dc1 , or U dc2 can for both fluorescent lamps FL1 and FL2, the power P1 or P2 by means of the formula P 1 = I + U de 1 p respectively , P 2 = I + U de 2 p
Figure imgb0004
the correction factor p depends on the curve shape and results from the form factor k and the duty cycle τ: p = k 2 τ
Figure imgb0005

Für ein sinusförmiges Signal mit einem Tastverhältnis von 0,5 besitzt der Korrekturfäktor p den Wert 1,11. Die Werte der Leistungen P 1 bzw. P2 können unmittelbar mit dem in dem "Test 2: Asymmetric Power Dissipation" der Ergänzung zu der Norm IEC 61347-2-3 aufgeführten maximal zulässigen Grenzwert Pmax von 7,5 Watt für die Lampenleistung bei T5-Lampen verglichen werden, um das Ende der Lebensdauer der beiden Leuchtstofflampen FL1, FL2 zu überwachen. Dieser Vergleich wird mittels des Mikrocontrollers MC während des Lampenbetriebs zyklisch für beide Lampen FL1, FL2 wiederholt.For a sinusoidal signal with a duty cycle of 0.5, the correction factor p has the value 1.11. The values of the outputs P 1 or P 2 can be directly compared with the maximum permissible limit P max of 7.5 W for the lamp power at T5 listed in the "Test 2: Asymmetric Power Dissipation" of the supplement to the standard IEC 61347-2-3 Lamps are compared to monitor the end of life of the two fluorescent lamps FL1, FL2. This comparison is cyclically repeated by the microcontroller MC during lamp operation for both lamps FL1, FL2.

Um bei der Vergleichsauswertung im Mikrocontroller die zweite Multiplikation in den Formeln (4a, 4b) einzusparen, wird der Korrekturfaktor p in den Vergleichswert Pmax mit eingerechnet und dieser Wert im nichtflüchtigen Speicher hinterlegt. Während des laufenden Betriebs wird dieser gespeicherte Wert dann zyklisch mit dem Produkt aus I+ und dem Betrag von Udc1 bzw. Udc2 verglichen.In order for the comparative evaluation in the microcontroller, the second multiplication in the formulas (4a, 4b) to save, the correction factor p is taken into account in the comparison value P max and deposited with this value in the nonvolatile memory. During operation, this stored value is then compared cyclically with the product of I + and the amount of U dc1 and U dc2 , respectively.

Nachstehend wird das Verfahren zur Überwachung des Lebensdauerendes der beiden T5-Leuchtstofflampen FL1, FL2 anhand des in der Figur 2 abgebildeten Flussdiagramms näher erläutert.The following is the procedure for monitoring the end of life of the two T5 fluorescent lamps FL1, FL2 using the method described in US Pat FIG. 2 illustrated flowchart explained in more detail.

Zu Beginn des zyklisch durchgeführten Verfahrens wird mittels des im Mikrocontroller MC implementierten Programms aus den während jedes Zyklus des Verfahrens aktualisierten Messwerten für die Größen U1, U2 und U3 bzw. U4 gemäß der obigen Formeln nacheinander für beide Lampen FL1 und FL2 die Leistungen P1 und P2 berechnet und jeweils mit der maximal zulässigen Leistung Pmax verglichen. Falls die Leistung P1 bzw. P2 kleiner als die maximal zulässige Leistung Pmax ist und der Zählerstand der Zählvariablen Z 1 bzw. Z2 für die Lampe FL1 bzw. FL2 gleich Null ist, wird der aktuelle Zyklus für die Lampe FL1 bzw. FL2 verlassen. Falls die Leistung P1 bzw. P2 kleiner als die maximal zulässige Leistung Pmax ist und der Zählerstand der Zählvariablen Z1 bzw. Z2 für die Lampe FL1 bzw. FL2 größer als Null ist, wird der Zähler Z1 bzw. Z2 um den Wert 1 erniedrigt. Wenn danach der Zählerstand gleich Null ist, wird das Statusbit S1 bzw. S2 für das Erreichen des Lebensdauerendes der Lampe FL1 bzw. FL2 gelöscht, anderenfalls wird der neue Zählerstand Z1 bzw. Z2 gespeichert und der aktuelle Zyklus für die Lampe FL1 bzw. FL2 verlassen. Ist die Leistung P1 bzw. P2 aber nicht kleiner als die maximal zulässige Leistung Pmax, so wird der Zähler Z1 bzw. Z2 um 1 erhöht. Überschreitet danach der Wert des Zählers Z1 bzw. Z2 die obere Zählerschwelle ZSW, dann wird das Statusbit S1 bzw. S2 gesetzt, das heißt, die Lampe FL1 bzw. FL2 hat ihr Lebensdauerende erreicht. Ist der Wert des Zählers Z1 bzw. Z2 nicht größer als die obere Zählerschwelle ZSW, so wird der neue Zählerstand Z1 bzw. Z2 gespeichert und anschließend der aktuelle Zyklus für die Lampe FL1 bzw. FL2 verlassen. Der Wert der oberen Zählerschwelle ZSW ist vorgebbar.At the beginning of the cyclical process, by means of the program implemented in the microcontroller MC, the measured values for the variables U1, U2 and U3 or U4 are updated sequentially for both lamps FL1 and FL2 according to the above formulas for the powers P1 and P2 calculated and compared respectively with the maximum allowable power P max . If the power P1 or P2 is less than the maximum allowable power P max and the count of the counter variables Z 1 and Z2 for the lamp FL1 and FL2 is equal to zero, the current cycle for the lamp FL1 or FL2 is exited. If the power P1 or P2 is smaller than the maximum permissible power P max and the counter reading of the counter variables Z1 or Z2 for the lamp FL1 or FL2 is greater than zero, the counter Z1 or Z2 is decremented by the value 1. Thereafter, when the count is zero, the status bit S1 or S2 for reaching the end of life of the lamp FL1 or FL2 is deleted, otherwise the new count Z1 or Z2 is stored and leave the current cycle for the lamp FL1 or FL2 , If the power P1 or P2 but not smaller than the maximum allowable power P max , the counter Z1 or Z2 is increased by 1. Thereafter, if the value of the counter Z1 or Z2 exceeds the upper counter threshold ZSW, then the status bit S1 or S2 is set, that is, the lamp FL1 or FL2 has reached its end of life. If the value of the counter Z1 or Z2 is not greater than the upper counter threshold ZSW, the new counter reading Z1 or Z2 is stored and then the current cycle for the lamp FL1 or FL2 is exited. The value of the upper counter threshold ZSW can be specified.

Für den Fall, dass das Statusbit S1 oder das Statusbit S2 gesetzt ist, wird das Betriebsgerät abgeschaltet.In the event that the status bit S1 or the status bit S2 is set, the operating device is switched off.

Die Erfindung beschränkt sich nicht auf das oben näher erläuterte Ausführungsbeispiel. Beispielsweise können die Lampen FL1, FL2 anstatt nacheinander in demselben Zyklus auch alternierend abgefragt werden. Ferner können die Zählerstände Z1, Z2 bei einer hohen Über- bzw. Unterschreitung des zulässigen Grenzwertes um einen größeren Wert als 1 erhöht oder erniedrigt werden. Statt einer Abschaltung des Betriebsgerätes bzw. der Lampen FL1, FL2 beim Überschreiten des zulässigen maximalen Grenzwertes ist auch ein Betrieb der Lampen FL1, FL2 mit erheblich reduzierter Leistung möglich, bis der zulässige Grenzwert wieder dauerhaft unterschritten wird.The invention is not limited to the embodiment explained in more detail above. For example, the lamps FL1, FL2 may also be interrogated alternately instead of one after the other in the same cycle. Furthermore, the counter readings Z1, Z2 be increased or decreased by a value greater than 1 in the event of a high overshoot or undershoot of the permissible limit value. Instead of switching off the operating device or the lamps FL1, FL2 when the permissible maximum limit value is exceeded, it is also possible to operate the lamps FL1, FL2 with considerably reduced power until the permissible limit value is again permanently undershot.

Claims (9)

  1. Method for operating at least one low-pressure discharge lamp using a half-bridge inverter (T1, T2), to which a load circuit (L1, C1) is connected, in which electrical connections for at least one low-pressure discharge lamp (FL1, FL2) and at least one half-bridge capacitor (C2, C3) are arranged, during the operation of the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp (FL1, FL2) the occurrence of a rectifier effect in the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp (FL1, FL2) being monitored in order to determine the end of its life, characterized in that, for the purpose of monitoring the rectifier effect of the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp (FL1, FL2), the DC voltage drop (Udc1, Udc2) across the electrical connections of the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp (FL1, FL2) and the current (I) through the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp (FL1, FL2) or a variable proportional thereto are evaluated by virtue of a first voltage (U1) being measured, which is proportional to the current (I) through the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp (FL1, FL2), and the DC voltage drop (Udc1, Udc2) being calculated from the difference between half the supply voltage of the half-bridge inverter (T1, T2) and the voltage drop across the at least one half-bridge capacitor (C3, C2) by means of a measured second voltage (U3, U4), which is proportional to the voltage drop across the at least one half-bridge capacitor (C3, C2), and a measured third voltage (U2), which is proportional to the supply voltage of the half-bridge inverter (T1, T2).
  2. Method as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that the product of the DC voltage drop (Udc1, Udc2) across the electrical connections of the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp (FL1, FL2) and the current (I) through the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp (FL1, FL2) or a variable proportional thereto is compared with a predetermined power value (Pmax).
  3. Method as claimed in Claim 2, characterized in that the comparison is repeated cyclically during the lamp operation.
  4. Method as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that the DC voltage drop (Udc1, Udc2) across the electrical connections of the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp (FL1, FL2) and the current through the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp (FL1, FL2) or a variable proportional thereto are determined from measured values which are supplied to a microcontroller (MC), and an evaluation is carried out in a program-controlled manner by means of the microcontroller (MC).
  5. Method as claimed in one or more of Claims 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that a counting operation (Z1, Z2) is carried out as a function of the result of the comparison, and, in the event of a counter overflow, a status bit (S1, S2) is set or reset.
  6. Method as claimed in one or more of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the values, which are determined at different points in time in the lamp operation, for the difference between a predetermined power value (Pmax) and the product of the DC voltage drop (Udc1, Udc2) across the electrical connections of the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp (FL1, FL2) and the current through the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp (FL1, FL2) or a variable proportional thereto are totaled and evaluated.
  7. Method as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that the current through the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp (FL1, FL2) or the variable proportional thereto is determined by means of a resistor (R14) which, during a half-cycle of the current through the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp (FL1, FL2), is connected in series with the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp (FL1, FL2).
  8. Method as claimed in Claim 7, characterized in that the voltage drop across the resistor (R14) is evaluated by means of a low-pass filter (R15, C10).
  9. Operating device for at least one low-pressure discharge lamp (FL1, FL2) having
    - a half-bridge inverter (T1, T2), to which a load circuit (L1, C1) is connected, in which electrical connections for at least one low-pressure discharge lamp (FL1, FL2) and at least one half-bridge capacitor (C2, C3) are arranged,
    - a first measuring apparatus (R14, R15, D3, D4, C10) for measuring a first voltage (U1), which is proportional to the current through the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp (FL1, FL2),
    - a second measuring apparatus (R8, R9, C6; R10, R11, C7) for measuring a second voltage (U3, U4), which is proportional to the voltage drop across the at least one half-bridge capacitor (C3, C2),
    - a third measuring apparatus (R6, R7, C5) for measuring a third voltage (U2), which is proportional to the supply voltage of the half-bridge inverter, and
    - an evaluation unit (MC, TR), which is connected to the outputs of the measuring apparatuses, and comprises a program-controlled microcontroller (MC),
    - the microcontroller (MC) being programmed in such a way that, for the purpose of monitoring the rectifier effect in the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp (FL1, FL2), the first voltage (U1) and the DC voltage drop (Udc1, Udc2) across the electrical connections of the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp (FL1, FL2) are evaluated and, depending on the result of the evaluation, the half-bridge inverter (T1, T2) is controlled by virtue of the DC voltage drop (Udc1, Udc2) being calculated from the difference between half the supply voltage of the half-bridge inverter (T1, T2) and the voltage drop across the at least one half-bridge capacitor (C3, C2) by means of the measured second voltage (U3, U4) and the measured third voltage (U2).
EP04009750.3A 2003-06-25 2004-04-23 Method for operating at least one low pressure discharge lamp and operating device for at least one low pressure discharge lamp Expired - Lifetime EP1492393B8 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10328718 2003-06-25
DE10328718A DE10328718A1 (en) 2003-06-25 2003-06-25 Method for operating at least one low-pressure discharge lamp and operating device for at least one low-pressure discharge lamp

Publications (3)

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EP1492393A1 EP1492393A1 (en) 2004-12-29
EP1492393B1 true EP1492393B1 (en) 2012-08-22
EP1492393B8 EP1492393B8 (en) 2013-04-17

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EP04009750.3A Expired - Lifetime EP1492393B8 (en) 2003-06-25 2004-04-23 Method for operating at least one low pressure discharge lamp and operating device for at least one low pressure discharge lamp

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US (1) US7064499B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1492393B8 (en)
JP (1) JP4437057B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2465633A1 (en)
DE (1) DE10328718A1 (en)

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DE202005013675U1 (en) * 2005-08-30 2005-12-15 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Electronic fluorescent lamp ballast for discharge lamps, has end-of-life monitoring circuit and differential amplifier, where reference current along with current at which asymmetrical performance is detected is applied to amplifier
KR101176086B1 (en) * 2006-05-30 2012-08-22 페어차일드코리아반도체 주식회사 Circuit for Detection of the End of Fluorescent Lamp
EP2030487A1 (en) * 2006-05-31 2009-03-04 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Method and system for operating a gas discharge lamp
CN102160467B (en) * 2008-09-17 2014-01-22 奥斯兰姆有限公司 Circuit arrangement and method for operation of discharge lamp
DE102009019625B4 (en) * 2009-04-30 2014-05-15 Osram Gmbh A method of determining a type of gas discharge lamp and electronic ballast for operating at least two different types of gas discharge lamps
US8154211B2 (en) * 2009-10-13 2012-04-10 Panasonic Corporation End-of-life protection circuit and method for high intensity discharge lamp ballast
US8564216B1 (en) 2011-02-02 2013-10-22 Universal Lighting Technologies, Inc. Asymmetric end-of-life protection circuit for fluorescent lamp ballasts
DE102014005669B4 (en) * 2014-04-19 2017-10-26 Iie Gmbh & Co. Kg Apparatus and method for operating a light generator

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GB2360150B (en) * 2000-03-10 2002-02-20 Microlights Ltd Improvements in and relating to high intensity discharge lighting

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JP4437057B2 (en) 2010-03-24
DE10328718A1 (en) 2005-01-13
US20040263096A1 (en) 2004-12-30
EP1492393A1 (en) 2004-12-29
JP2005019386A (en) 2005-01-20
EP1492393B8 (en) 2013-04-17
US7064499B2 (en) 2006-06-20
CA2465633A1 (en) 2004-12-25

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