EP1484826B1 - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1484826B1
EP1484826B1 EP04012982A EP04012982A EP1484826B1 EP 1484826 B1 EP1484826 B1 EP 1484826B1 EP 04012982 A EP04012982 A EP 04012982A EP 04012982 A EP04012982 A EP 04012982A EP 1484826 B1 EP1484826 B1 EP 1484826B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spark plug
internal combustion
combustion engine
plug connector
connector plug
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04012982A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1484826A1 (en
Inventor
Markus Kraus
Stephan Laiminger
Diethard Plohberger
Thomas Guggenberger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Innio Jenbacher GmbH and Co OG
Original Assignee
GE Jenbacher GmbH and Co OHG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GE Jenbacher GmbH and Co OHG filed Critical GE Jenbacher GmbH and Co OHG
Priority to AT04012982T priority Critical patent/ATE357762T1/en
Publication of EP1484826A1 publication Critical patent/EP1484826A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1484826B1 publication Critical patent/EP1484826B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/02—Details
    • H01T13/04—Means providing electrical connection to sparking plugs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an internal combustion engine, in particular a stationary gas engine, with at least one attachable to the internal combustion engine spark plug and a spark plug itself.
  • EP 0 530 883 proposes to attach a spark plug connector to the engine block by means of a tab and a screw to prevent the spark plug connector from being accidentally pulled off the spark plug.
  • spark plug and its attachment to the internal combustion engine a force exerted on the spark plug connector force application, preferably in the longitudinal direction of the spark plug, of at least 1000 Newton withstand.
  • the strength of the spark plug connector according to the invention and attachment to the internal combustion engine effectively prevents individual parts or the entire spark plug from being forced out of the engine in the event of a fault. Should it come to a fault, so the spilled parts can be collected from the spark plug, as this withstands a corresponding application of force. This is a danger to man and machine prevented by out of the engine spark plugs or parts thereof effectively. 1000 Newton corresponds approximately to the maximum force that acts on a spark plug in engines with maximum pressures of up to 100 bar in the combustion chamber.
  • the spark plug connector and its attachment are to be designed accordingly stronger.
  • the spark plug and its attachment to the internal combustion engine applied to the spark plug connector force application in the amount of the above values at temperatures up to 80 Ā° C, preferably up to 100 Ā° C, withstand.
  • another aspect of the present invention provides that the spark plug can be attached to the internal combustion engine with a tool-attachable and detachable and positive locking mechanism, preferably with a bayonet or with a screw.
  • a tool-attachable and detachable and positive locking mechanism preferably with a bayonet or with a screw.
  • All three embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 7 are positively or non-positively connected to the internal combustion engine by means of a releasable locking mechanism.
  • the attachment is made in the embodiments shown on the engine block 1 and connected via the cylinder head with the engine block 1 valve cover.
  • the locking mechanism has in the first embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2, a screw 8 and in the other two embodiments according to FIGS. 3 to 6 a bayonet lock.
  • the locking mechanism is designed so that the kinetic and pneumatic forces can be selectively reduced in case of failure of the ejection or shooting of a spark plug.
  • the kinetic energy of accelerated by the high pneumatic pressure from the combustion chamber components of the spark plug or the spark plug itself must be included in the fault case of the spark plug 2 and its attachment to the internal combustion engine.
  • the kinetic energy occurs here in a particularly high peak load when releasing components of the spark plug or when loosening the spark plug itself.
  • the degradation of this peak load is ensured by the spark plug 2 and its attachment to the engine block (the locking mechanism).
  • the degradation of the kinetic energy can be ensured by deformation of the shell 3 of the spark plug 2 and / or additionally arranged on the spark plug spring elements 16.
  • the remaining energy is absorbed by the positive or non-positive locking mechanism.
  • the deformation can be elastic. With appropriate design but can also be provided that the jacket 3 and the electrode 4 are plastically deformed in the event of a fault and then replaced Need to become. In this case, only the plastically deformed parts of the spark plug 2 are conveniently exchanged and the remainder used.
  • the jacket 3 of the spark plug in which the kinetic energy is reduced substantially by elastic deformation of the spark plug, preferably has a modulus of elasticity of less than 2000 MPa, preferably less than 1000 MPa.
  • the jacket may be made of polytetrafluoroethylene sold under the trade name Teflon.
  • Teflon polytetrafluoroethylene sold under the trade name Teflon.
  • other plastics with corresponding elastic properties and strength values are also conceivable.
  • the person skilled in the art must choose the material and the dimensions of the spark plug so that the spark plug connector can withstand the application of force to the scrap of the spark plug or of parts thereof according to the invention.
  • the use of plastics to produce the jacket 3 of the spark plug connector 2 also ensures high-voltage electrical strength.
  • the locking mechanism is desirably made of a material having a higher rigidity than the shell 3. Particularly preferred are metals for producing the locking mechanism.
  • a targeted gas outlet is provided by one or more gas outlet openings or Wegsamkeiten 10 in the locking mechanism.
  • the entire cross-sectional area of these pathways 10 is designed so that the gas can escape in the event of a fault so fast even at high pressure conditions in the combustion chamber, that the locking mechanism is not overloaded by the sum of the kinetic and pneumatic forces acting on it.
  • the Wegsamkeit 10 is conveniently designed as a labyrinth, the Wegsamkeit splash-proof, preferably from the lid 9, is covered.
  • the Wegsamkeit 10 may be located in the spark plug 2 and / or in the engine block 1 and / or between the spark plug 2 and engine block 1.
  • the spark plug 2 has a shell 3 made of polytetrafluoroethylene (known under the trade name Teflon) and a center electrode 4 and includes the combustion chamber side, the insulator and the terminal electrode of a conventional spark plug 5.
  • a locking mechanism with a screw 8 before.
  • the screw 8 is formed on the one hand by a thread on the spark plug connector side part 7 of the locking mechanism and on the other hand by a thread on the engine block side part 6 of the locking mechanism.
  • a splash-proof lid 9 is arranged, which also serves as a handle for screwing in and Ausschub of the spark plug.
  • the spark plug connector-side part 7 is connected via a retaining sleeve 11 with the jacket 3 of the spark plug 2.
  • the retaining sleeve 11 engages on the one hand on the bead 11a on the spark plug connector side part 7 and on the other hand with the beads 11b in recesses 13 of the shells 3 of the spark plug 2 a.
  • Fig. 2 shows the embodiment of the invention of FIG. 1 in case of failure.
  • the spark plug 5 has been imposed by positive pressure in the engine and collected by the spark plug 2.
  • the degradation of the kinetic forces of the spark plug or the imposed parts thereof is essentially due to elastic and / or plastic deformation of the shell 3 of the spark plug 2.
  • a part of kinetic energy is dissipated by the beads 11 b of the retaining sleeve 11 are torn out of the recesses 13 in the shell 3 of the spark plug 2.
  • the shoulder 17 of the shell 3 is caught by the locking mechanism.
  • locking mechanism and casing 3 do not change their relative position to each other in case of failure, but the energy purely by deformation of the spark plug, preferably its jacket 3 and the electrode 4 degraded becomes.
  • a bayonet fitting for fastening the spark plug 2 to the engine block 1 is provided instead of a screw connection 8.
  • the spark plug connector-side part 7 of Locking mechanism on the nose 15 of the bayonet lock which engages behind the engine block side part 6 of the locking mechanism in the locked position, so that the spark plug 2 is locked to the engine block 1.
  • Fig. 4 shows the second embodiment of Fig. 3 in case of failure.
  • the kinetic energy of the imposed spark plug parts is substantially reduced by deformation of the jacket material of the spark plug 2 and optionally the center electrode 4.
  • a spring element 16 between the locking mechanism and shell 3 of the spark plug can be arranged. This can, as shown, be designed as a spiral spring, but also have other elastic material. In the fault case shown in Fig. 6, the spring element 16 is compressed, whereby the kinetic energy of the imposed spark plug parts is reduced.
  • the pneumatic overpressure can, as in the other embodiments, escape via the Wegsamkeit 10.
  • the jacket 3 is formed in two parts and the spring element is arranged therebetween.
  • the spark plug 2 In large engines, preferably made of polytetrafluoroethylene jacket 3 of the spark plug 2 has a diameter between 2 cm and 3cm, preferably between 2.3 cm and 2.7 cm on.
  • the length of the spark plug can be up to 30 cm and more in such engines.
  • the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown.
  • the person skilled in the art can make a suitable selection from the already known with respect to both the materials and the locking mechanisms used.
  • the sizing of the plug connector and the locking mechanism must then be tailored to the characteristics of the materials chosen so that the plug connector is designed in accordance with the invention.
  • to be operated by hand locking mechanisms other operable with wrench or the like fasteners are conceivable, if deemed more favorable.

Landscapes

  • Spark Plugs (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

A spark-plug connector (SPC) (2) and its fastening on an internal combustion engine withstand a power impact exerted on the SPC of at least 1,000 Newtons. The SPC fastens without a tool and can be removed. A locking mechanism (LM) has a bayonet lock or screwing device (8). The LM has greater rigidity than a casing (3). An independent claim is also included for a spark-plug connector.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere einen stationƤren Gasmotor, mit mindestens einem an der Brennkraftmaschine befestigbaren ZĆ¼ndkerzenstecker sowie einen ZĆ¼ndkerzenstecker an sich.The present invention relates to an internal combustion engine, in particular a stationary gas engine, with at least one attachable to the internal combustion engine spark plug and a spark plug itself.

Die EP 0 530 883 schlƤgt vor, einen ZĆ¼ndkerzenstecker mittels einer Lasche und einer Schraube am Motorblock zu befestigen, um zu verhindern, dass der ZĆ¼ndkerzenstecker ungewollt von der ZĆ¼ndkerze abgezogen werden kann.EP 0 530 883 proposes to attach a spark plug connector to the engine block by means of a tab and a screw to prevent the spark plug connector from being accidentally pulled off the spark plug.

Vor allem bei GroƟmotoren bzw. groƟen Brennkraftmaschinen, wie zum Beispiel stationƤren Gas-Otto-Motoren zum Antrieb von elektrischen Generatoren, kann es unter gewissen UmstƤnden, bedingt durch Fertigungsfehler oder durch thermische oder mechanische Ɯberlastung der ZĆ¼ndkerze, zum AusdrĆ¼cken des Keramikkƶrpers oder anderer Komponenten der ZĆ¼ndkerze aus dem ZĆ¼ndkerzengehƤuse kommen. Diese Situation tritt Ć¼blicherweise bei sehr hohen DrĆ¼cken im Brennraum des Motors auf. Im Fehlerfall werden die Komponenten der ZĆ¼ndkerze sehr stark durch den hohen Druck im Brennraum beschleunigt und aus dem Motor ausgeschossen. Dies bedeutet sowohl eine GefƤhrdung fĆ¼r sich in der Umgebung des Motors aufhaltende Menschen als auch fĆ¼r den Motor selber.Especially in large engines or large internal combustion engines, such as stationary gas Otto engines for driving electric generators, it may under certain circumstances, due to manufacturing defects or thermal or mechanical overloading of the spark plug, for expressing the ceramic body or other components of the Spark plug come out of the spark plug housing. This situation usually occurs at very high pressures in the combustion chamber of the engine. In case of failure, the components of the spark plug are very much accelerated by the high pressure in the combustion chamber and expelled from the engine. This means both a threat to people staying in the environment of the engine as well as for the engine itself.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher eine Brennkraftmaschine zu schaffen, bei der im Fehlerfall aus dem Motor herausgedrĆ¼ckte bzw. -geschossene ZĆ¼ndkerzen oder ZĆ¼ndkerzenteile durch eine technisch mƶglichst wenig aufwƤndige und einfach zu handhabende Konstruktion abgefangen werden.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an internal combustion engine in which spark plugs or spark plug parts pushed out of the engine in the event of a fault are intercepted by a construction that is as technically as inexpensive and easy to handle as possible.

Dies wird erfindungsgemƤƟ dadurch erreicht, dass der ZĆ¼ndkerzenstecker und seine Befestigung an der Brennkraftmaschine einer auf den ZĆ¼ndkerzenstecker ausgeĆ¼bten Kraftbeaufschlagung, vorzugsweise in LƤngsrichtung des ZĆ¼ndkerzensteckers, von mindestens 1000 Newton standhalten.This is inventively achieved in that the spark plug and its attachment to the internal combustion engine a force exerted on the spark plug connector force application, preferably in the longitudinal direction of the spark plug, of at least 1000 Newton withstand.

Durch die erfindungsgemƤƟe Festigkeit des ZĆ¼ndkerzensteckers und Befestigung an der Brennkraftmaschine wird wirkungsvoll verhindert, dass im Fehlerfall einzelne Teile oder die gesamte ZĆ¼ndkerze aus dem Motor herausgedrĆ¼ckt bzw. -geschossen werden kƶnnen. Sollte es zum Fehlerfall kommen, so kƶnnen die herausgeschossenen Teile vom ZĆ¼ndkerzenstecker aufgefangen werden, da dieser einer entsprechenden Kraftbeaufschlagung standhƤlt. Hierdurch ist eine GefƤhrdung von Mensch und Maschine durch aus dem Motor herausgeschossene ZĆ¼ndkerzen oder Teile davon wirkungsvoll verhindert. 1000 Newton entspricht hier ungefƤhr der maximalen Kraft, die auf eine ZĆ¼ndkerze bei Motoren mit MaximaldrĆ¼cken von bis zu 100 bar im Brennraum wirkt.The strength of the spark plug connector according to the invention and attachment to the internal combustion engine effectively prevents individual parts or the entire spark plug from being forced out of the engine in the event of a fault. Should it come to a fault, so the spilled parts can be collected from the spark plug, as this withstands a corresponding application of force. This is a danger to man and machine prevented by out of the engine spark plugs or parts thereof effectively. 1000 Newton corresponds approximately to the maximum force that acts on a spark plug in engines with maximum pressures of up to 100 bar in the combustion chamber.

Bei Motoren mit hƶheren MaximaldrĆ¼cken, sind der ZĆ¼ndkerzenstecker und seine Befestigung entsprechend stƤrker auszulegen. In diesem Fall ist es gĆ¼nstig, dass der ZĆ¼ndkerzenstecker und seine Befestigung an der Brennkraftmaschine einer auf den ZĆ¼ndkerzenstecker ausgeĆ¼bten Kraftbeaufschlagung, vorzugsweise in LƤngsrichtung des ZĆ¼ndkerzensteckers, von mindestens 3000 Newton, vorzugsweise von mindestens 5000 Newton, standhalten. Dies gilt vor allem fĆ¼r Motoren, bei denen maximale InnendrĆ¼cke von 250 bar bzw. von 300 bar im Brennraum herrschen. DarĆ¼ber hinaus ist es gĆ¼nstig bei Motoren, mit entsprechend weit erhƶhten InnendrĆ¼cken im Brennraum, vorzusehen, dass der ZĆ¼ndkerzenstecker und seine Befestigung an der Brennkraftmaschine Kraftbeaufschlagungen von mindesten 7000 Newton bzw. von mindestens 10000 Newton standhalten.For engines with higher maximum pressures, the spark plug connector and its attachment are to be designed accordingly stronger. In this case, it is favorable for the spark plug connector and its attachment to the internal combustion engine to withstand a force applied to the spark plug connector, preferably in the longitudinal direction of the spark plug connector, of at least 3000 Newton, preferably at least 5000 Newton. This is especially true for engines in which maximum internal pressures of 250 bar and 300 bar prevail in the combustion chamber. In addition, it is favorable for engines, with correspondingly higher internal pressures in the combustion chamber, to provide that the spark plug connector and its attachment to the internal combustion engine can withstand loads of at least 7,000 Newton or at least 10,000 Newton.

Da es beim Betrieb von Brennkraftmaschinen zum Aufheizen des Motorblocks und damit auch des ZĆ¼ndkerzensteckers sowie seiner Befestigung an der Brennkraftmaschine kommt, ist gĆ¼nstigerweise vorzusehen, dass der ZĆ¼ndkerzenstecker und seine Befestigung an der Brennkraftmaschine einer auf den ZĆ¼ndkerzenstecker ausgeĆ¼bten Kraftbeaufschlagung in Hƶhe der oben angegebenen Werte bei Temperaturen bis zu 80Ā° C, vorzugsweise bis zu 100Ā° C, standhalten.Since the operation of internal combustion engines for heating the engine block and thus also the spark plug and its attachment to the internal combustion engine, it is expedient to provide that the spark plug and its attachment to the internal combustion engine applied to the spark plug connector force application in the amount of the above values at temperatures up to 80 Ā° C, preferably up to 100 Ā° C, withstand.

Um eine einfache und schnelle Wartung der ZĆ¼ndkerzen zu ermƶglichen, ist auf eine gute ZugƤnglichkeit zu achten. Daher sieht ein weiterer Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung vor, dass der ZĆ¼ndkerzenstecker an der Brennkraftmaschine mit einem werkzeuglos befestigbaren und lƶsbaren sowie formschlĆ¼ssigen Verriegelungsmechanismus, vorzugsweise mit einem Bajonettverschluss oder mit einer Verschraubung, befestigbar ist. Durch diese Art der Befestigung ist zum einen ein schnelles Demontieren des ZĆ¼ndkerzensteckers per Hand mƶglich, zum anderen wird durch den formschlĆ¼ssigen Verriegelungsmechanismus jedoch auch die nƶtige Festigkeit erreicht.To ensure easy and quick maintenance of the spark plugs, ensure good accessibility. Therefore, another aspect of the present invention provides that the spark plug can be attached to the internal combustion engine with a tool-attachable and detachable and positive locking mechanism, preferably with a bayonet or with a screw. By this type of attachment on the one hand a quick disassembly of the spark plug connector by hand is possible, on the other hand, however, the necessary strength is achieved by the positive locking mechanism.

Weitere Merkmale und Einzelheiten der vorliegenden Erfindung ergeben sich der nachfolgenden Figurenbeschreibung. Dabei zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine erste erfindungsgemƤƟe Variante, bei der der Verriegelungsmechanismus eine Schraubverbindung aufweist,
Fig. 2
das erste AusfĆ¼hrungsbeispiel aus Fig. 1 im Fehlerfall,
Fig. 3
ein zweites AusfĆ¼hrungsbeispiel bei dem der Verriegelungsmechanismus einen Bajonettverschluss aufweist,
Fig. 4
das zweite AusfĆ¼hrungsbeispiel von Fig. 3 im Fehlerfall,
Fig. 5
ein drittes AusfĆ¼hrungsbeispiel mit einem Bajonettverschluss als Verriegelungsmechanismus und einem Federelement zur DƤmpfung im Fehlerfall,
Fig. 6
das dritte AusfĆ¼hrungsbeispiel aus Fig. 5 im Fehlerfall,
Fig. 7
eine Draufsicht auf die drei AusfĆ¼hrungsbeispiele gemƤƟ den Fig. 1 bis 6.
Further features and details of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the figures. Showing:
Fig. 1
a first variant according to the invention, in which the locking mechanism has a screw connection,
Fig. 2
the first embodiment of FIG. 1 in the event of a fault,
Fig. 3
a second embodiment in which the locking mechanism has a bayonet closure,
Fig. 4
the second embodiment of Fig. 3 in case of error,
Fig. 5
A third embodiment with a bayonet lock as a locking mechanism and a spring element for damping in case of failure,
Fig. 6
the third embodiment of FIG. 5 in the event of a fault,
Fig. 7
a plan view of the three embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 6.

Alle drei AusfĆ¼hrungsbeispiele gemƤƟ den Fig. 1 bis 7 sind mittels eines lƶsbaren Verriegelungsmechanismus form- oder kraftschlĆ¼ssig mit der Brennkraftmaschine verbunden. Die Befestigung erfolgt in den gezeigten AusfĆ¼hrungsbeispielen am Motorblock 1 bzw. der Ć¼ber den Zylinderkopf mit dem Motorblock 1 verbundenen Ventilhaube. Der Verriegelungsmechanismus weist im ersten AusfĆ¼hrungsbeispiel gemƤƟ den Fig. 1 und 2 eine Verschraubung 8 und in den beiden weiteren AusfĆ¼hrungsbeispielen gemƤƟ den Fig. 3 bis 6 einen Bajonettverschluss auf. Der Verriegelungsmechanismus wird so ausgefĆ¼hrt, dass die kinetischen und pneumatischen KrƤfte im Fehlerfall des AusdrĆ¼ckens bzw. -schieƟens einer ZĆ¼ndkerze gezielt abgebaut werden kƶnnen.All three embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 7 are positively or non-positively connected to the internal combustion engine by means of a releasable locking mechanism. The attachment is made in the embodiments shown on the engine block 1 and connected via the cylinder head with the engine block 1 valve cover. The locking mechanism has in the first embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2, a screw 8 and in the other two embodiments according to FIGS. 3 to 6 a bayonet lock. The locking mechanism is designed so that the kinetic and pneumatic forces can be selectively reduced in case of failure of the ejection or shooting of a spark plug.

Die kinetische Energie der durch den hohen pneumatischen Druck aus dem Brennraum beschleunigten Komponenten der ZĆ¼ndkerze bzw. der ZĆ¼ndkerze selbst muss im Fehlerfall durch den ZĆ¼ndkerzenstecker 2 und seine Befestigung an der Brennkraftmaschine aufgenommen werden. Die kinetische Energie tritt hierbei in einer besonders hohen Belastungsspitze beim Lƶsen von Komponenten der ZĆ¼ndkerze oder beim Lƶsen der ZĆ¼ndkerze selbst auf. Der Abbau dieser Belastungsspitze wird vom ZĆ¼ndkerzenstecker 2 sowie seiner Befestigung am Motorblock (dem Verriegelungsmechanismus) gewƤhrleistet. Der Abbau der kinetischen Energie kann durch Deformation des Mantels 3 des ZĆ¼ndkerzensteckers 2 und/oder durch zusƤtzlich am ZĆ¼ndkerzenstecker angeordnete Federelemente 16 gewƤhrleistet werden. Die restliche Energie wird durch den form- oder kraftschlĆ¼ssigen Verriegelungsmechanismus aufgenommen. Die Deformation kann elastisch erfolgen. Bei entsprechender Auslegung kann aber auch vorgesehen sein, dass der Mantel 3 und die Elektrode 4 im Fehlerfall plastisch verformt werden und anschlieƟend ausgetauscht werden mĆ¼ssen. Hierbei werden gĆ¼nstigerweise nur die plastisch verformten Teile des ZĆ¼ndkerzensteckers 2 ausgetauscht und der Rest weiterverwendet.The kinetic energy of accelerated by the high pneumatic pressure from the combustion chamber components of the spark plug or the spark plug itself must be included in the fault case of the spark plug 2 and its attachment to the internal combustion engine. The kinetic energy occurs here in a particularly high peak load when releasing components of the spark plug or when loosening the spark plug itself. The degradation of this peak load is ensured by the spark plug 2 and its attachment to the engine block (the locking mechanism). The degradation of the kinetic energy can be ensured by deformation of the shell 3 of the spark plug 2 and / or additionally arranged on the spark plug spring elements 16. The remaining energy is absorbed by the positive or non-positive locking mechanism. The deformation can be elastic. With appropriate design but can also be provided that the jacket 3 and the electrode 4 are plastically deformed in the event of a fault and then replaced Need to become. In this case, only the plastically deformed parts of the spark plug 2 are conveniently exchanged and the remainder used.

Bei den AusfĆ¼hrungsvarianten gemƤƟ den Fig. 1 bis 4, bei denen die kinetische Energie im Wesentlichen durch elastische Verformung des ZĆ¼ndkerzensteckers abgebaut wird, weist der Mantel 3 des ZĆ¼ndkerzensteckers gĆ¼nstigerweise ein ElastizitƤtsmodul kleiner 2000 MPa, vorzugsweise kleiner 1000 MPa, auf. Es sind jedoch auch noch geringere ElastizitƤtsmodule kleiner 700 MPa oder kleiner 500 MPa denkbar. Zum Erreichen dieser Werte kann der Mantel zum Beispiel aus Polytetrafluorethylen, welches unter dem Handelsnamen Teflon verkauft wird, bestehen. Es sind jedoch auch andere Kunststoffe mit entsprechenden elastischen Eigenschaften und Festigkeitswerten denkbar. Generell muss der Fachmann das Material und die Dimensionen des ZĆ¼ndkerzensteckers so wƤhlen, dass der ZĆ¼ndkerzenstecker der Kraftbeaufschlagung beim Ausschuss der ZĆ¼ndkerze bzw. von Teilen davon erfindungsgemƤƟ standhƤlt. Durch die Verwendung von Kunststoffen zur Herstellung des Mantels 3 des ZĆ¼ndkerzensteckers 2 wird darĆ¼ber hinaus auch die elektrische Hochspannungsfestigkeit gewƤhrleistet.In the embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 4, in which the kinetic energy is reduced substantially by elastic deformation of the spark plug, the jacket 3 of the spark plug preferably has a modulus of elasticity of less than 2000 MPa, preferably less than 1000 MPa. However, even smaller elastic moduli of less than 700 MPa or less than 500 MPa are conceivable. For example, to achieve these values, the jacket may be made of polytetrafluoroethylene sold under the trade name Teflon. However, other plastics with corresponding elastic properties and strength values are also conceivable. In general, the person skilled in the art must choose the material and the dimensions of the spark plug so that the spark plug connector can withstand the application of force to the scrap of the spark plug or of parts thereof according to the invention. In addition, the use of plastics to produce the jacket 3 of the spark plug connector 2 also ensures high-voltage electrical strength.

Der Verriegelungsmechanismus wird gĆ¼nstigerweise aus einem Material, welches eine hƶhere Festigkeit bzw. Steifigkeit als der Mantel 3 aufweist, ausgefĆ¼hrt. Besonders bevorzugt sind Metalle zur Herstellung des Verriegelungsmechanismus.The locking mechanism is desirably made of a material having a higher rigidity than the shell 3. Particularly preferred are metals for producing the locking mechanism.

Bei der Zerstƶrung der ZĆ¼ndkerze kommt es zum Austritt des komprimierten Gases aus dem Brennraum des Motors. Die AngriffsflƤche des Verriegelungsmechanismus ist in der Regel viel grĆ¶ĆŸer als die AngriffsflƤche der ZĆ¼ndkerze, sodass zu befĆ¼rchten wƤre, dass der hohe pneumatische Druck aus dem Brennraum zur Ɯberlastung des Verriegelungsmechanismus fĆ¼hren kƶnnte. Um diese Ɯberlastung durch die pneumatische Energie zu verhindern, wird ein gezielter Gasaustritt durch eine oder mehrere Gasaustrittsƶffnungen bzw. Wegsamkeiten 10 im Verriegelungsmechanismus vorgesehen. Die gesamte QuerschnittsflƤche dieser Wegsamkeiten 10 wird so ausgelegt, dass das Gas im Fehlerfall selbst bei hƶchsten DruckverhƤltnissen im Brennraum so schnell entweichen kann, dass der Verriegelungsmechanismus durch die Summe der auf ihn wirkenden kinetischen und pneumatischen KrƤfte nicht Ć¼berlastet wird. Die Wegsamkeit 10 ist gĆ¼nstigerweise als Labyrinth gestaltet, wobei die Wegsamkeit spritzwasserfest, vorzugsweise vom Deckel 9, abgedeckt ist. Die Wegsamkeit 10 kann im ZĆ¼ndkerzenstecker 2 und/oder im Motorblock 1 und/oder zwischen ZĆ¼ndkerzenstecker 2 und Motorblock 1 angeordnet sein.When the spark plug is destroyed, the compressed gas escapes from the combustion chamber of the engine. The engagement surface of the locking mechanism is usually much larger than the attack surface of the spark plug, so that it would be feared that the high pneumatic pressure from the combustion chamber could lead to overloading of the locking mechanism. To prevent this overload by the pneumatic energy, a targeted gas outlet is provided by one or more gas outlet openings or Wegsamkeiten 10 in the locking mechanism. The entire cross-sectional area of these pathways 10 is designed so that the gas can escape in the event of a fault so fast even at high pressure conditions in the combustion chamber, that the locking mechanism is not overloaded by the sum of the kinetic and pneumatic forces acting on it. The Wegsamkeit 10 is conveniently designed as a labyrinth, the Wegsamkeit splash-proof, preferably from the lid 9, is covered. The Wegsamkeit 10 may be located in the spark plug 2 and / or in the engine block 1 and / or between the spark plug 2 and engine block 1.

Ein erstes AusfĆ¼hrungsbeispiel ist in Fig. 1 gezeigt. Der ZĆ¼ndkerzenstecker 2 weist eine Mantel 3 aus Polytetrafluorethylen (bekannt unter dem Handelsnamen Teflon) sowie einen Mittelelektrode 4 auf und umfasst brennkammerseitig den Isolator und die Anschlusselektrode einer an sich bekannten ZĆ¼ndkerze 5. Zur Befestigung am Motorblock 1 sieht der ZĆ¼ndkerzenstecker 2 einen Verriegelungsmechanismus mit einer Schraubverbindung 8 vor. Die Schraubverbindung 8 wird einerseits durch ein Gewinde am zĆ¼ndkerzensteckerseitigen Teil 7 des Verriegelungsmechanismus und andererseits durch ein Gewinde am motorblockseitigen Teil 6 des Verriegelungsmechanismus gebildet. Am zĆ¼ndkerzensteckerseitigen Teil 7 ist ein spritzwasserfester Deckel 9 angeordnet, welcher gleichzeitig als Handgriff zum Ein- und Ausschraubend des ZĆ¼ndkerzensteckers dient. Der zĆ¼ndkerzensteckerseitige Teil 7 ist Ć¼ber eine Haltemanschette 11 mit dem Mantel 3 des ZĆ¼ndkerzensteckers 2 verbunden. Die Haltemanschette 11 greift einerseits Ć¼ber die Wulst 11a am zĆ¼ndkerzensteckerseitigen Teil 7 und andererseits mit den Wulsten 11b in Ausnehmungen 13 der MƤntel 3 des ZĆ¼ndkerzensteckers 2 ein. Die Kontaktierung der Mittelelektrode 4 mit den ZĆ¼ndkabeln erfolgt mittels des Steckers 12 eines ZĆ¼ndkabels.A first embodiment is shown in FIG. The spark plug 2 has a shell 3 made of polytetrafluoroethylene (known under the trade name Teflon) and a center electrode 4 and includes the combustion chamber side, the insulator and the terminal electrode of a conventional spark plug 5. For attachment to the engine block 1 sees the spark plug 2 a locking mechanism with a screw 8 before. The screw 8 is formed on the one hand by a thread on the spark plug connector side part 7 of the locking mechanism and on the other hand by a thread on the engine block side part 6 of the locking mechanism. At the spark plug connector-side part 7 a splash-proof lid 9 is arranged, which also serves as a handle for screwing in and Ausschub of the spark plug. The spark plug connector-side part 7 is connected via a retaining sleeve 11 with the jacket 3 of the spark plug 2. The retaining sleeve 11 engages on the one hand on the bead 11a on the spark plug connector side part 7 and on the other hand with the beads 11b in recesses 13 of the shells 3 of the spark plug 2 a. The contacting of the center electrode 4 with the ignition cables by means of the plug 12 of an ignition cable.

Zum Abbau der pneumatischen KrƤfte ist im Verriegelungsmechanismus die vom Deckel spritzwasserfest abgedeckte labyrinthartige Wegsamkeit 10 vorgesehen.To reduce the pneumatic forces in the locking mechanism from the lid splash-proof covered labyrinthine Wegsamkeit 10 is provided.

Fig. 2 zeigt das erfindungsgemƤƟe AusfĆ¼hrungsbeispiel aus Fig. 1 im Fehlerfall. Wie schematisch dargestellt, ist die ZĆ¼ndkerze 5 durch Ɯberdruck im Motor ausgeschossen und vom ZĆ¼ndkerzenstecker 2 aufgefangen worden. Der Abbau der kinetischen KrƤfte der ZĆ¼ndkerze bzw. der ausgeschossenen Teile davon erfolgt im Wesentlichen durch elastische und/oder plastische Deformation des Mantels 3 des ZĆ¼ndkerzensteckers 2. DarĆ¼ber hinaus kann aber auch, wie in diesem AusfĆ¼hrungsbeispiel dargestellt, noch vorgesehen sein, dass ein Teil der kinetischen Energie abgebaut wird, indem die Wulste 11 b der Haltemanschette 11 aus den Ausnehmungen 13 im Mantel 3 des ZĆ¼ndkerzensteckers 2 herausgerissen werden. Bei dieser Variante ist dann vorgesehen, dass die Schulter 17 des Mantels 3 vom Verriegelungsmechanismus aufgefangen wird. Neben der in Fig. 1 und 2 gezeigten Variante ist es alternativ aber auch denkbar, dass Verriegelungsmechanismus und Mantel 3 im Fehlerfall Ihre relative Lage zueinander nicht verƤndern, sondern die Energie rein durch Deformation des ZĆ¼ndkerzensteckers, vorzugsweise seines Mantels 3 und der Elektrode 4, abgebaut wird.Fig. 2 shows the embodiment of the invention of FIG. 1 in case of failure. As shown schematically, the spark plug 5 has been imposed by positive pressure in the engine and collected by the spark plug 2. The degradation of the kinetic forces of the spark plug or the imposed parts thereof is essentially due to elastic and / or plastic deformation of the shell 3 of the spark plug 2. In addition, however, can also be provided as shown in this embodiment, that a part of kinetic energy is dissipated by the beads 11 b of the retaining sleeve 11 are torn out of the recesses 13 in the shell 3 of the spark plug 2. In this variant, it is then provided that the shoulder 17 of the shell 3 is caught by the locking mechanism. In addition to the variant shown in Fig. 1 and 2, it is alternatively also conceivable that locking mechanism and casing 3 do not change their relative position to each other in case of failure, but the energy purely by deformation of the spark plug, preferably its jacket 3 and the electrode 4 degraded becomes.

Im zweiten AusfĆ¼hrungsbeispiel gemƤƟ den Fig. 3 und 4 ist anstelle einer Verschraubung 8 ein Bajonettverschluss zur Befestigung des ZĆ¼ndkerzensteckers 2 am Motorblock 1 vorgesehen. In dieser AusfĆ¼hrungsvariante weist der zĆ¼ndkerzensteckerseitige Teil 7 des Verriegelungsmechanismus die Nase 15 des Bajonettverschlusses auf, welche in der Verriegelungsstellung den motorblockseitigen Teil 6 des Verriegelungsmechanismus hintergreift, sodass der ZĆ¼ndkerzenstecker 2 mit dem Motorblock 1 verriegelt ist. Zur BetƤtigung weist der, wie an sich bekannt funktionierende Bajonettverschluss den mit der Nase 15 in Wirkverbindung stehenden Deckel 9 sowie eine Feder 14 auf. Fig. 4 zeigt das zweite AusfĆ¼hrungsbeispiel aus Fig. 3 im Fehlerfall.In the second embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 4, a bayonet fitting for fastening the spark plug 2 to the engine block 1 is provided instead of a screw connection 8. In this embodiment, the spark plug connector-side part 7 of Locking mechanism on the nose 15 of the bayonet lock, which engages behind the engine block side part 6 of the locking mechanism in the locked position, so that the spark plug 2 is locked to the engine block 1. For actuation, as known per se functioning bayonet lock the standing in contact with the nose 15 cover 9 and a spring 14. Fig. 4 shows the second embodiment of Fig. 3 in case of failure.

Bei den bisher diskutierten AusfĆ¼hrungsbeispielen gemƤƟ den Fig. 1 bis 4 wird die kinetische Energie der ausgeschossenen ZĆ¼ndkerzenteile im Wesentlichen durch Deformation des Mantelmaterials des ZĆ¼ndkerzensteckers 2 sowie gegebenenfalls der Mittelelektrode 4 abgebaut. Alternativ hierzu kann, wie im dritten AusfĆ¼hrungsbeispiel gemƤƟ den Fig. 5 und 6 gezeigt, auch ein Federelement 16 zwischen Verriegelungsmechanismus und Mantel 3 des ZĆ¼ndkerzensteckers angeordnet sein. Dies kann, wie dargestellt, als Spiralfeder ausgefĆ¼hrt sein, aber auch anderweitiges elastisches Material aufweisen. Im in Fig. 6 dargestellten Fehlerfall wird das Federelement 16 gestaucht, wodurch die kinetische Energie der ausgeschossenen ZĆ¼ndkerzenteile abgebaut wird. Der pneumatische Ɯberdruck kann, wie in den anderen AusfĆ¼hrungsbeispielen auch, Ć¼ber die Wegsamkeit 10 entweichen. Bei der Anordnung des Federelementes 16 sind verschiedene AusfĆ¼hrungsvarianten denkbar. So kann auch vorgesehen sein, dass der Mantel 3 zweiteilig ausgebildet ist und das Federelement dazwischen angeordnet ist.In the previously discussed embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 4, the kinetic energy of the imposed spark plug parts is substantially reduced by deformation of the jacket material of the spark plug 2 and optionally the center electrode 4. Alternatively, as shown in the third embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, a spring element 16 between the locking mechanism and shell 3 of the spark plug can be arranged. This can, as shown, be designed as a spiral spring, but also have other elastic material. In the fault case shown in Fig. 6, the spring element 16 is compressed, whereby the kinetic energy of the imposed spark plug parts is reduced. The pneumatic overpressure can, as in the other embodiments, escape via the Wegsamkeit 10. In the arrangement of the spring element 16 different embodiments are conceivable. Thus, it can also be provided that the jacket 3 is formed in two parts and the spring element is arranged therebetween.

Bei GroƟmotoren weist der, vorzugsweise aus Polytetrafluorethylen gefertigte Mantel 3 des ZĆ¼ndkerzensteckers 2 einen Durchmesser zwischen 2 cm und 3cm, vorzugsweise zwischen 2,3 cm und 2,7 cm, auf. Die LƤnge der ZĆ¼ndkerzenstecker kann bei solchen Motoren bis zu 30 cm und mehr betragen.In large engines, preferably made of polytetrafluoroethylene jacket 3 of the spark plug 2 has a diameter between 2 cm and 3cm, preferably between 2.3 cm and 2.7 cm on. The length of the spark plug can be up to 30 cm and more in such engines.

Die vorliegende Erfindung ist nicht auf die gezeigten AusfĆ¼hrungsbeispiele beschrƤnkt. Der Fachmann kann sowohl bezĆ¼glich der Materialen als auch der verwendeten Verriegelungsmechanismen eine geeignete Auswahl aus dem bereits Bekannten treffen. Die Dimensionierung des ZĆ¼ndkerzensteckers und des Verriegelungsmechanismus muss dann auf die Eigenschaften der gewƤhlten Materialien so abgestimmt werden, dass der ZĆ¼ndkerzenstecker erfindungsgemƤƟ ausgelegt wird. Neben den in den AusfĆ¼hrungsbeispielen gezeigten, von Hand zu betƤtigenden Verriegelungsmechanismen sind auch andere mit SchraubenschlĆ¼ssel oder dergleichen betƤtigbare Befestigungseinrichtungen denkbar, wenn dies fĆ¼r gĆ¼nstiger erachtet wird.The present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown. The person skilled in the art can make a suitable selection from the already known with respect to both the materials and the locking mechanisms used. The sizing of the plug connector and the locking mechanism must then be tailored to the characteristics of the materials chosen so that the plug connector is designed in accordance with the invention. In addition to the shown in the embodiments, to be operated by hand locking mechanisms, other operable with wrench or the like fasteners are conceivable, if deemed more favorable.

Claims (11)

  1. An internal combustion engine, in particular a stationary gas engine, comprising at least one spark plug connector plug device, which can be fixed to the internal combustion engine, characterised in that the spark plug connector plug device (2) and the fixing thereof to the internal combustion engine withstand an application of force exerted on the spark plug connector plug device (2), preferably in the longitudinal direction of the spark plug connector plug device (2), of at least 1000 Newtons.
  2. An internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterised in that the spark plug connector plug device (2) and the fixing thereof to the internal combustion engine withstand an application of force exerted on the spark plug connector plug device (2), preferably in the longitudinal direction of the spark plug connector plug device (2), of at least 3000 Newtons, preferably of at least 5000 Newtons.
  3. An internal combustion engine according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the spark plug connector plug device (2) and the fixing thereof to the internal combustion engine withstand an application of force exerted on the spark plug connector plug device (2) at the level of values specified in claim 1 or 2 at temperatures of up to 80Ā°C, preferably of up to 100Ā°C.
  4. An internal combustion engine according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the spark plug connector plug device (2) can be fixed to the internal combustion engine with a locking mechanism which can be fixed and released without the use of tools and which involves a positive locking relationship, preferably with a bayonet fixing or with a screw means (8).
  5. An internal combustion engine according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the spark plug connector plug device has a sheathing casing and a locking mechanism, characterised in that the locking mechanism is of a higher stiffness than the sheathing casing (3).
  6. An internal combustion engine according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the spark plug connector plug device has a sheathing casing, characterised in that the sheathing casing (3) has a modulus of elasticity of less than 2000 MPa, preferably less than 1000 MPa.
  7. An internal combustion engine according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the spark plug connector plug device has a sheathing casing, characterised in that the sheathing casing (3) has a modulus of elasticity of less than 700 MPa, preferably less than 500 MPa.
  8. An internal combustion engine according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the spark plug connector plug device has a sheathing casing, characterised in that a spring element (16) is arranged on the sheathing casing (3).
  9. An internal combustion engine according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the spark plug connector plug device has a sheathing casing, characterised in that the sheathing casing (3) comprises polytetrafluorethylene.
  10. An internal combustion engine according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that at least one passage means (10), preferably being of a labyrinth-like nature, for escaping gas is arranged in the spark plug connector plug device (2) and/or in the internal combustion engine and/or between the spark plug connector plug device (2) and the internal combustion engine.
  11. An internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterised in that the passage means (10) is covered in such a way as to be resistant to spray water.
EP04012982A 2003-06-04 2004-06-02 Internal combustion engine Expired - Lifetime EP1484826B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT04012982T ATE357762T1 (en) 2003-06-04 2004-06-02 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT8642003 2003-06-04
AT8642003 2003-06-04

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1484826A1 EP1484826A1 (en) 2004-12-08
EP1484826B1 true EP1484826B1 (en) 2007-03-21

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EP04012982A Expired - Lifetime EP1484826B1 (en) 2003-06-04 2004-06-02 Internal combustion engine

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US (1) US7146957B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1484826B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE357762T1 (en)
DE (1) DE502004003255D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2283904T3 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
US20040244753A1 (en) 2004-12-09
ES2283904T3 (en) 2007-11-01
DE502004003255D1 (en) 2007-05-03
ATE357762T1 (en) 2007-04-15
US7146957B2 (en) 2006-12-12
EP1484826A1 (en) 2004-12-08

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