EP1482245B1 - Device for controlling the fuel/air ratio in a premix combustion apparatus - Google Patents

Device for controlling the fuel/air ratio in a premix combustion apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1482245B1
EP1482245B1 EP03024295A EP03024295A EP1482245B1 EP 1482245 B1 EP1482245 B1 EP 1482245B1 EP 03024295 A EP03024295 A EP 03024295A EP 03024295 A EP03024295 A EP 03024295A EP 1482245 B1 EP1482245 B1 EP 1482245B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
air
cone
gas
mixing chamber
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EP03024295A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1482245A1 (en
Inventor
Werner Ströhle
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Hoval AG
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Hoval AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/027—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using mechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/60—Devices for simultaneous control of gas and combustion air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
    • F23D14/64—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes with injectors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for controlling the gas / air ratio for a premixing combustion device.
  • the volume flow of the gas is kept in a constant relationship to the volume flow of the air. This is done by means of a pressure-controlled regulator in the gas path.
  • a pressure difference is used as a control pressure for regulating the gas volume flow, in direct dependence on the intake volume flow of the air.
  • the control pressure for the regulator is generated in a mixing device or at a diaphragm in the airway.
  • the pneumatic composite systems do not require electrical or electronic components. Their mechanical structure is very simple and works very fast. They only need a few moving parts.
  • the mixture preparation with pneumatic composite has the advantage of reacting very quickly to pressure and volume flow fluctuations in the incinerator and to keep the gas / air ratio constant in a large modulation range. As a result, these robust systems have proven themselves on many systems.
  • the set minimum power must not be below a value of 15 to 20% to ensure long-term combustion quality.
  • a sensor measures the composition of the combustion gases in the flame or after the flame or also the flame temperature.
  • the sensor generates a signal that is evaluated by an electronic controller. This controls an actuator, which determines the amount of gas.
  • These electronic composite systems are slower in balancing the change in airflow.
  • the sensors used are sensitive and of limited life. For safe operation of the incinerator a perfect sensor signal is required. However, fluctuations in gas quality, air pressure and combustion air temperature can be compensated.
  • the invention has for its object to realize the advantages of the systems with electronic composite in a system with pneumatic composite without abandoning the advantages achieved there.
  • the controller represents the system's pneumatic system and the sensor provides the signal that enables the gas quality, air pressure and combustion air temperature to be adjusted.
  • the cone which is preferably actuatable by a linear motor, is adjusted and thereby moves more or less deeply into the nozzle connected to the air line.
  • the sensor can detect the composition and / or the temperature of the combustion exhaust gases, and the electronics can determine from this the upcoming values of the gas quality, the air pressure and the combustion air temperature, so that a corresponding control over the adjustment of the cone is made possible.
  • the speed increases as the air enters the mixing chamber. This creates a stronger negative pressure in the annular gap connected to the gas line, which increases the amount of gas entering the mixing chamber.
  • the inflowing air quantity is reduced by the cross-sectional constriction of the nozzle connected to the air line. As a result, more gas is delivered to the mixing chamber with less air.
  • the degree of modulation is increased according to the invention, so that inaccuracies can be compensated even at low powers.
  • the cone can completely close the nozzle connected to the air line.
  • the combustion device is connected to an exhaust system, the other, with excess pressure in the exhaust gas combustion devices is available, it is prevented in this way that exhaust gas flows back into the air line of the deactivated combustion device.
  • the cone is moved completely out of the nozzle connected to the air line.
  • the minimum power of the combustion device is raised so far that the combustion is maintained in an operating range that does not necessarily require the intervention of the sensor. For example, the minimum power is increased to about 20%.
  • the basic setting of the pneumatic regulator ensures that a sufficiently high excess air is maintained for the expected gas types, air temperatures and altitudes.
  • the control corresponds to a conventional pneumatic composite.
  • the incinerator does not have to be shut down and pollutant emissions remain below the prescribed levels Limits.
  • Previously known systems with electronic composite must be turned off when selecting the sensor.
  • Variations in gas quality, air pressure, and combustion air temperature can be controlled without sacrificing the benefits of the pneumatic assembly, namely, rapid response to power changes and pressure fluctuations.
  • the combustion device also works in the event of sensor failure, as the pneumatic assembly on which the control is built remains functional.
  • a control with pneumatic composite which has a venturi nozzle-like extended mixing chamber, can also be retrofitted with a sensor-controlled cone.
  • the degree of modulation is increased by allowing a smaller minimum power to be set. In the case of a pure pneumatic composite, sufficient stability of the gas / air ratio is not ensured with such small powers.
  • the start / stop emissions are minimized by requiring fewer circuits because of the smaller minimum power.
  • the combustion device can be completed with other incinerators to a common, working with pressure exhaust system without the risk that at standstill of the combustion device exhaust flows back into the installation space, since the cone can completely close the air line.
  • the opening angle of the nozzle connected to the air duct substantially corresponds to the angle of the cone. This contributes to the nozzle connected to the air line being completely closable by the cone, as is provided in a development of the invention.
  • cones with an angle of less than 30 ° It has been found to be particularly advantageous to provide the cone with an angle of less than 30 °. This angle allows a very sensitive adjustment of the cone and thus a very sensitive control. However, cones with an angle of more than 30 ° may also be possible.
  • the device according to FIG. 1 has a gas line 1 and an air line 2. Between the two lines operates a pneumatic regulator 3, which controls the pressure in the gas line 1 in response to the pressure in the air line 2.
  • the gas line 1 and the air line 2 open together in a mixing device 4. Downstream of the mixing device 4, a speed-controllable fan 5 is arranged, which promotes the mixture to a combustion device, not shown.
  • FIG. 2 shows in detail the construction of the mixing device 4, to which the fan 5 is connected directly.
  • the latter is driven by a variable speed motor 6.
  • the mixing direction 4 has a mixing chamber 7, which widens venturi-like in the flow direction from its inlet opening.
  • In the inlet opening of the mixing chamber 7 projects into a nozzle 8, which is connected to the air line 2.
  • the nozzle 8 forms with the edge 9 of the inlet opening of the mixing chamber 7 an annular gap 10 which is connected to the gas line 1.
  • a cone 11 is arranged, which is adjustable by a linear motor 12 in the axial direction relative to the nozzle 8.
  • the cone 11 is controlled by a sensor, not shown, which detects the composition of the combustion exhaust gases in the present case. It provides a signal representing the upcoming gas quality.
  • the cone 11 In the position of Figure 2, the cone 11, the angle in this embodiment is less than 30 ° and coincides with the opening angle of the nozzle 8, projects into the latter. If the gas quality changes in the direction of lower calorific value, the linear motor 12 displaces the cone 11 to the left into the nozzle 8. This increases the speed at which the air enters the mixing chamber 7. Accordingly, more gas is conveyed into the mixing chamber 7. At the same time, the amount of air entering the mixing chamber 7 decreases. As a result, less air promotes more gas in the mixing chamber 7. This compensates for the decreasing calorific value.
  • the invention combines the advantages of a pneumatic composite with the advantages of an electronic composite while simultaneously increasing the degree of modulation.
  • the minimum power of the combustion device can be lowered without loss of stability.
  • the cone 11 can be driven so far into the nozzle 8, that he closes the latter. This prevents an exhaust gas backflow into the air line 2, provided that the combustion device is connected to an exhaust system, which is acted upon by further combustion devices with overpressure.
  • the cone 11 is driven so far to the right that it completely clears the cross-section of the nozzle 8.
  • the combustion device is then controlled solely by the pneumatic regulator 3, ie in the conventional manner of a pneumatic composite. It is advisable to increase the minimum power of the connection device.
  • the pneumatic controller 3 can tap the control pressure for controlling the pressure in the gas line 1 elsewhere than in the air line 2, for example in the mixing chamber 7.
  • the linear motor 12 controlling sensor for example, only the combustion air temperature and / or Record air pressure or gas quality.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)

Abstract

Device for regulating the gas/air ratio for a pre-mixing combustion device comprises a pneumatic regulator holding constant the ratio between the pressure in a gas line (1) and the pressure in an air line (2), a mixing device (4) arranged downstream of the regulator, and a fan (5) with speed control for conveying the mixture from the mixing chamber to the combustion device. The mixing device comprises a mixing chamber (7) that widens in the manner of a venturi nozzle from its inlet opening in the flow direction, a nozzle (8) connected to the air line and protruding into the inlet opening, an annular gap (10) connected to the gas line and formed between the edge (9) of the inlet opening and the nozzle, and a cone (11) arranged in the air line and adjusted according to the signal of a sensor in the axial direction relative to the nozzle.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Regeln des Gas/Luft-Verhaltnisses für eine vormischende Verbrennungseinrichtung.The invention relates to a device for controlling the gas / air ratio for a premixing combustion device.

Um Schadstoff-Emissionen zu minimieren und den Wirkungsgrad von Verbrennungseinrichtung zu optimieren, ist man bestrebt, das Gas/Luft-Verhältnis auf einem optimalen Punkt zu halten.In order to minimize pollutant emissions and to optimize the efficiency of combustion equipment, it is endeavored to keep the gas / air ratio at an optimum point.

Bekannt sind bisher Systeme mit pneumatischem Verbund und Systeme mit elektronischem Verbund.So far known systems with pneumatic composite and systems with electronic composite.

Bei Systemen mit pneumatischem Verbund (siehe z.B US 4 385 887) wird der Volumenstrom des Gases in einem konstanten Verhältnis zum Volumenstrom der Luft gehalten. Dies geschieht mittels eines druckgesteuerten Reglers im Gasweg. Dabei wird eine Druckdifferenz als Steuerdruck zum Regeln des Gas-Volumenstroms genutzt, und zwar in direkter Abhängigkeit zum angesaugten Volumenstrom der Luft. Der Steuerdruck für den Regler wird in einer Mischeinrichtung oder an einer Blende im Luftweg erzeugt.In pneumatic composite systems (see, for example, US Pat. No. 4,385,887), the volume flow of the gas is kept in a constant relationship to the volume flow of the air. This is done by means of a pressure-controlled regulator in the gas path. In this case, a pressure difference is used as a control pressure for regulating the gas volume flow, in direct dependence on the intake volume flow of the air. The control pressure for the regulator is generated in a mixing device or at a diaphragm in the airway.

Die Systeme mit pneumatischem Verbund benötigen keine elektrischen oder elektronischen Bauteile. Ihr mechanischer Aufbau ist sehr einfach und arbeitet sehr schnell. Dabei benötigen sie nur wenige bewegliche Teile. Die Gemischaufbereitung mit pneumatischem Verbund hat den Vorteil, sehr schnell auf druck- und Volumenstromschwankungen in der Verbrennungsanlage zu reagieren und das Gas/Luft-Verhältnis in einem großen Modulationsbereich konstant zu halten. Dadurch haben sich diese robusten Systeme auf vielen Anlagen bewährt.The pneumatic composite systems do not require electrical or electronic components. Their mechanical structure is very simple and works very fast. They only need a few moving parts. The mixture preparation with pneumatic composite has the advantage of reacting very quickly to pressure and volume flow fluctuations in the incinerator and to keep the gas / air ratio constant in a large modulation range. As a result, these robust systems have proven themselves on many systems.

Einflußgrößen, wie Gasqualität, Luftdruck und Verbrennungslufttemperatur, können jedoch von diesen Systemen nicht ausgeregelt werden und erfordern ein Nachjustieren auf den Anlagen. Durch die Liberalisierung am Gasmarkt ist mit grö-ßeren Schwankungen der Gasqualität zu rechnen, die bei diesen Systemen ein ständiges Nachregeln erforderlich machen.Influences, such as gas quality, air pressure and combustion air temperature, but can not be compensated by these systems and require readjustment to the Attachments. Gas market liberalization is expected to result in major gas quality variations, which require constant readjustment of these systems.

Außerdem werden Systeme mit pneumatischem Verbund bei großem Modulationsbereich im unteren Leistungsbereich insbesondere nach längerer Betriebsdauer ungenau. Um die Verbrennungsqualität langfristig zu gewährleisten, darf deshalb die eingestellte Minimalleistung je nach Ausführung nicht unter einem Wert von 15 bis 20 % liegen.In addition, systems with pneumatic composite at high modulation range in the lower power range, especially after a long period of operation inaccurate. Depending on the version, the set minimum power must not be below a value of 15 to 20% to ensure long-term combustion quality.

Bei Systemen mit elektronischem Verbund wird durch einen Sensor die Zusammensetzung der Verbrennungsabgase in der Flamme oder nach der Flamme oder auch die Flammentemperatur gemessen. Der Sensor erzeugt ein Signal, das von einem elektronischen Regler ausgewertet wird. Dieser steuert ein Stellorgan an, welches die Gasmenge bestimmt. Diese Systeme mit elektronischem Verbund sind langsamer im Ausregeln von Änderung der Luftmenge. Die verwendeten Sensoren sind empfindlich und von begrenzter Lebensdauer. Zur sicheren Funktion der Verbrennungsanlage ist ein einwandfreies Sensorsignal erforderlich. Allerdings können Schwankungen der Gasqualität, des Luftdrucks und der Verbrennungslufttemperatur ausgeregelt werden.In systems with electronic composite, a sensor measures the composition of the combustion gases in the flame or after the flame or also the flame temperature. The sensor generates a signal that is evaluated by an electronic controller. This controls an actuator, which determines the amount of gas. These electronic composite systems are slower in balancing the change in airflow. The sensors used are sensitive and of limited life. For safe operation of the incinerator a perfect sensor signal is required. However, fluctuations in gas quality, air pressure and combustion air temperature can be compensated.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, bei einem System mit pneumatischem Verbund ohne Aufgabe der dort erzielten Vorteile die Vorteile der Systeme mit elektronischem Verbund zu realisieren.The invention has for its object to realize the advantages of the systems with electronic composite in a system with pneumatic composite without abandoning the advantages achieved there.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe schafft die Erfindung eine Vorrichtung zum Regeln des Gas/Luft-Verhaltnisses für eine vormischende Verbrennungseinrichtung, mit

  • einem pneumatischen Regler, der das Verhältnis zwischen dem Druck in einer Gasleitung und dem Druck in einer Luftleitung konstant hält,
  • einer stromab des Reglers angeordneten Mischeinrichtung, die folgende Merkmale aufweist:
    • eine Mischkammer, die sich von ihrer Eintrittsöffnung aus in Strömungsrichtung venturidüsenartig erweitert,
    • eine an die Luftleitung angeschlossene Düse, die in die Eintrittsöffnung der Mischkammer hineinragt,
    • einen an die Gasleitung angeschlossenen Ringspalt, der zwischen dem Rand der Eintrittsöffnung der Mischkammer und der an die Luftleitung angeschlossenen Düse ausgebildet ist, und
    • einen in der Luftleitung angeordneten Kegel, der in Abhängigkeit von einem Signal eines Sensors in Axialrichtung relativ zu der an die Luftleitung angeschlossenen Düse verstellbar ist,
  • und mit einem drehzahlsteuerbaren Gebläse, das das Gemisch aus der Mischkammer zur Verbrennungseinrichtung fördert.
To achieve this object, the invention provides a device for controlling the gas / air ratio for a premixing combustion device, with
  • a pneumatic regulator that keeps the ratio between the pressure in a gas line and the pressure in an air line constant,
  • a mixing device arranged downstream of the regulator and having the following features:
    • a mixing chamber which expands venturi-like in the flow direction from its inlet opening,
    • a nozzle connected to the air line and projecting into the inlet opening of the mixing chamber,
    • an annular gap connected to the gas line, which is formed between the edge of the inlet opening of the mixing chamber and the nozzle connected to the air line, and
    • a cone disposed in the air duct and adjustable in response to a signal of a sensor in the axial direction relative to the nozzle connected to the air duct,
  • and a speed controllable fan that conveys the mixture from the mixing chamber to the combustion device.

Der Regler stellt den pneumatischen Verbund des Systems dar, und der Sensor liefert das Signal, das ein Ausregeln der Schwankungen der Gasqualität, des Luftdrucks und der Verbrennungslufttemperatur ermöglicht. In Abhängigkeit von diesem Signal verstellt sich der vorzugsweise von einem Linearmotor betätigbare Kegel und wandert dabei mehr oder weniger tief in die an die Luftleitung angeschlossene Düse hinein. Somit kann in extrem einfacher Weise gewährleistet werden, daß die Verbrennungseinrichtung immer mit optimalem Gas/Luft-Verhältnis arbeitet.The controller represents the system's pneumatic system and the sensor provides the signal that enables the gas quality, air pressure and combustion air temperature to be adjusted. In response to this signal, the cone, which is preferably actuatable by a linear motor, is adjusted and thereby moves more or less deeply into the nozzle connected to the air line. Thus, it can be ensured in an extremely simple manner that the combustion device always works with optimum gas / air ratio.

Der Sensor kann die Zusammensetzung und/oder die Temperatur der Verbrennungsabgase erfassen, und die Elektronik kann hieraus die anstehenden Werte der Gasqualität, des Luftdrucks und der Verbrennungslufttemperatur ermitteln, so daß eine entsprechende Regelung über die Verstellung des Kegels ermöglicht wird. Durch die auf diese Weise veränderten Druck- und Strömungsverhältnisse in der venturidüsenartig erweiterten Mischkammer ist es möglich, das Gas/Luft-Verhältnis in einem Weiten Bereich zu verändern, ohne auf die Vorteile des pneumatischen Verbundes zu verzichten.The sensor can detect the composition and / or the temperature of the combustion exhaust gases, and the electronics can determine from this the upcoming values of the gas quality, the air pressure and the combustion air temperature, so that a corresponding control over the adjustment of the cone is made possible. By thus changing the pressure and flow conditions in the venturi nozzle-like extended mixing chamber, it is possible, the gas / air ratio to change in a wide range, without renouncing the advantages of the pneumatic composite.

Durch das Einführen des Kegels in die an die Luftleitung angeschlossene Düse steigt die Geschwindigkeit beim Eintritt der Luft in die Mischkammer an. Dadurch entsteht in dem an die Gasleitung angeschlossenen Ringspalt ein stärkerer Unterdruck, der die in die Mischkammer eintretende Gasmenge ansteigen läßt. Gleichzeitig wird durch die Querschnittsverengung der an die Luftleitung angeschlossenen Düse die einströmende Luftmenge reduziert. Als Ergebnis wird mit weniger Luft mehr Gas in die Mischkammer gefördert.By inserting the cone into the nozzle connected to the air line, the speed increases as the air enters the mixing chamber. This creates a stronger negative pressure in the annular gap connected to the gas line, which increases the amount of gas entering the mixing chamber. At the same time, the inflowing air quantity is reduced by the cross-sectional constriction of the nozzle connected to the air line. As a result, more gas is delivered to the mixing chamber with less air.

Ferner wird erfindungsgemäß der Modulationsgrad erhöht, so daß Ungenauigkeiten auch bei kleinen Leistungen ausgeregelt werden können.Furthermore, the degree of modulation is increased according to the invention, so that inaccuracies can be compensated even at low powers.

Wird die Verbrennungseinrichtung abgestellt, kann der Kegel die an die Luftleitung angeschlossene Düse vollständig verschließen. Ist also die Verbrennungseinrichtung an eine Abgasanlage angeschlossen, die weiteren, mit Überdruck im Abgas arbeitenden Verbrennungseinrichtungen zur Verfügung steht, so wird auf diese Weise verhindert, daß Abgas in die Luftleitung der abgeschalteten Verbrennungseinrichtung zurückströmt.If the combustion device is turned off, the cone can completely close the nozzle connected to the air line. Thus, if the combustion device is connected to an exhaust system, the other, with excess pressure in the exhaust gas combustion devices is available, it is prevented in this way that exhaust gas flows back into the air line of the deactivated combustion device.

Bei Ausfall des Sensors wird der Kegel vollständig aus der an die Luftleitung angeschlossenen Düse herausbewegt. Die Mindestleistung der Verbrennungseinrichtung wird soweit angehoben, daß die Verbrennung in einem Betriebsbereich gehalten wird, der den Eingriff des Sensors nicht unbedingt erfordert. Beispielsweise wird die Mindestleistung auf ca. 20 % angehoben. Dabei gewährleistet die Grundeinstellung des pneumatischen Reglers, daß bei den zu erwartenden Gasarten, Lufttemperaturen und Höhenlagen ein genügend hoher Luftüberschuß eingehalten wird. Bei dieser Stellung des Kegels entspricht die Regelung einem konventionellen pneumatischen Verbund. Die Verbrennungsanlage muß nicht abgestellt werden, und die Schadstoffemissionen bleiben unterhalb der vorgeschriebenen Grenzwerte. Bisher bekannte Systeme mit elektronischem Verbund müssen bei Auswahl des Sensors abgestellt werden.If the sensor fails, the cone is moved completely out of the nozzle connected to the air line. The minimum power of the combustion device is raised so far that the combustion is maintained in an operating range that does not necessarily require the intervention of the sensor. For example, the minimum power is increased to about 20%. The basic setting of the pneumatic regulator ensures that a sufficiently high excess air is maintained for the expected gas types, air temperatures and altitudes. In this position of the cone, the control corresponds to a conventional pneumatic composite. The incinerator does not have to be shut down and pollutant emissions remain below the prescribed levels Limits. Previously known systems with electronic composite must be turned off when selecting the sensor.

Zusammenfassend lassen sich also mit der Erfindung folgende Vorteile erzielen:In summary, the following advantages can thus be achieved with the invention:

Schwankungen der Gasqualität, des Luftdrucks und der Verbrennungslufttemperatur können geregelt werden, ohne auf die Vorteile des pneumatischen Verbundes, nämlich die schnelle Reaktionsfähigkeit auf Leistungsänderungen und Druckschwankungen, zu verzichten.Variations in gas quality, air pressure, and combustion air temperature can be controlled without sacrificing the benefits of the pneumatic assembly, namely, rapid response to power changes and pressure fluctuations.

Die Verbrennungseinrichtung funktioniert auch bei Ausfall des Sensors, da der pneumatische Verbund, auf dem die Regelung aufgebaut ist, weiterhin funktionsfähig bleibt.The combustion device also works in the event of sensor failure, as the pneumatic assembly on which the control is built remains functional.

Eine Regelung mit pneumatischem Verbund, die eine venturidüsenartig erweiterte Mischkammer aufweist, kann auch nachträglich mit einem sensorgesteuerten Kegel ausgerüstet werden.A control with pneumatic composite, which has a venturi nozzle-like extended mixing chamber, can also be retrofitted with a sensor-controlled cone.

Der Wirkungsgrad steigt an, da die Verbrennung näher am stöchiometrischen Wert geregelt wird. Dadurch entsteht bei höherem Taupunkt mehr Kondensat, und es muß weniger Verbrennungsluft unnötig aufgeheizt werden. Bei pneumatischen Regelungen ohne Sensorregelung muß ein hoher Luftüberschuß eingehalten werden, um bei Schwankungen von Gasqualität, Luftdruck und verbrennungslufttemperatur genügend Abstand zum stöchiometrischen Wert zu halten. Nur dadurch kann bei diesen Systemen die Entstehung von giftigem Kohlenmonoxid zuverlässig verhindert werden.The efficiency increases as the combustion is controlled closer to the stoichiometric value. This results in more condensate at higher dew points, and less combustion air must be unnecessarily heated. In the case of pneumatic controls without sensor control, a high excess air must be maintained in order to maintain a sufficient distance from the stoichiometric value in the event of variations in gas quality, air pressure and combustion air temperature. Only in this way can the formation of toxic carbon monoxide be reliably prevented in these systems.

Der Modulationsgrad wird dadurch erhöht, daß eine kleinere minimale Leistung eingestellt werden kann. Bei reinem pneumatischen Verbund ist bei derart kleinen Leistungen keine ausreichende Stabilität des Gas/Luft-Verhaltnisses gewährleistet.The degree of modulation is increased by allowing a smaller minimum power to be set. In the case of a pure pneumatic composite, sufficient stability of the gas / air ratio is not ensured with such small powers.

Die Start-/Stop-Emissionen werden dadurch minimiert, daß wegen der kleineren Minimalleistung weniger Schaltungen erforderlich sind.The start / stop emissions are minimized by requiring fewer circuits because of the smaller minimum power.

Die Verbrennungseinrichtung kann mit anderen Verbrennungsanlagen an eine gemeinsame, mit Überdruck arbeitende Abgasanlage abgeschlossen werden, ohne daß die Gefahr besteht, daß bei Stillstand der Verbrennungseinrichtung Abgas in deren Aufstellungsraum zurückströmt, da der Kegel die Luftleitung vollständig verschließen kann.The combustion device can be completed with other incinerators to a common, working with pressure exhaust system without the risk that at standstill of the combustion device exhaust flows back into the installation space, since the cone can completely close the air line.

Vorteilhafterweise entspricht der Öffnungswinkel der an die Luftleitung angeschlossenen Düse im wesentlichen dem Winkel des Kegels. Dies trägt dazu bei, dass die an die Luftleitung angeschlossene Düse von dem Kegel vollständig verschließbar ist, wie es in Weiterbildung der Erfindung vorgesehen ist.Advantageously, the opening angle of the nozzle connected to the air duct substantially corresponds to the angle of the cone. This contributes to the nozzle connected to the air line being completely closable by the cone, as is provided in a development of the invention.

Dabei hat es sich als besonders vorteilhaft herausgestellt, den Kegel mit einem Winkel von weniger als 30° zu versehen. Dieser Winkel ermöglicht eine sehr feinfühlige Verstellung des Kegels und damit eine sehr feinfühlige Regelung. Unter Umständen sind jedoch auch Kegel mit einem Winkel von mehr als 30° möglich.It has been found to be particularly advantageous to provide the cone with an angle of less than 30 °. This angle allows a very sensitive adjustment of the cone and thus a very sensitive control. However, cones with an angle of more than 30 ° may also be possible.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels im Zusammenhang mit der beiliegenden Zeichnung näher erläutert. Die Zeichnung zeigt in:

  • Figur 1 ein Schaltschema der Vorrichtung nach der Erfindung;
  • Figur 2 einen Axialschnitt durch ein in Figur 1 schematisch dargestelltes Bauteil.
The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to a preferred embodiment in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The drawing shows in:
  • Figure 1 is a circuit diagram of the device according to the invention;
  • 2 shows an axial section through a component shown schematically in Figure 1.

Die Vorrichtung nach Figur 1 weist eine Gasleitung 1 und eine Luftleitung 2 auf. Zwischen den beiden Leitungen arbeitet ein pneumatischer Regler 3, der den Druck in der Gasleitung 1 in Abhängigkeit vom Druck in der Luftleitung 2 steuert. Die Gasleitung 1 und die Luftleitung 2 münden gemeinsam in einer Mischeinrichtung 4. Stromab der Mischeinrichtung 4 ist ein drehzahlsteuerbares Gebläse 5 angeordnet, welches das Gemisch zu einer nicht dargestellten Verbrennungseinrichtung fördert.The device according to FIG. 1 has a gas line 1 and an air line 2. Between the two lines operates a pneumatic regulator 3, which controls the pressure in the gas line 1 in response to the pressure in the air line 2. The gas line 1 and the air line 2 open together in a mixing device 4. Downstream of the mixing device 4, a speed-controllable fan 5 is arranged, which promotes the mixture to a combustion device, not shown.

Figur 2 zeigt im einzelnen die Konstruktion der Mischeinrichtung 4, an die das Gebläse 5 direkt angeschlossen ist. Letzteres wird von einem drehzahlsteuerbaren Motor 6 angetrieben.Figure 2 shows in detail the construction of the mixing device 4, to which the fan 5 is connected directly. The latter is driven by a variable speed motor 6.

Die Mischenrichtung 4 weist eine Mischkammer 7 auf, die sich von ihrer Eintrittsöffnung aus in Strömungsrichtung venturidüsenartig erweitert. In die Eintrittsöffnung der Mischkammer 7 ragt eine Düse 8 hinein, die an die Luftleitung 2 angeschlossen ist. Die Düse 8 bildet mit dem Rand 9 der Eintrittsöffnung der Mischkammer 7 einen Ringspalt 10, der an die Gasleitung 1 angeschlossen ist.The mixing direction 4 has a mixing chamber 7, which widens venturi-like in the flow direction from its inlet opening. In the inlet opening of the mixing chamber 7 projects into a nozzle 8, which is connected to the air line 2. The nozzle 8 forms with the edge 9 of the inlet opening of the mixing chamber 7 an annular gap 10 which is connected to the gas line 1.

In der Luftleitung 2 ist ein Kegel 11 angeordnet, der von einem Linearmotor 12 in Axialrichtung relativ zur Düse 8 verstellbar ist. Gesteuert wird der Kegel 11 von einem nicht dargestellten Sensor, der im vorliegenden Fall die Zusammensetzung der Verbrennungsabgase erfaßt. Er liefert ein Signal, das die anstehende Gasqualität repräsentiert.In the air line 2, a cone 11 is arranged, which is adjustable by a linear motor 12 in the axial direction relative to the nozzle 8. The cone 11 is controlled by a sensor, not shown, which detects the composition of the combustion exhaust gases in the present case. It provides a signal representing the upcoming gas quality.

In der Position nach Figur 2 ragt der Kegel 11, dessen Winkel bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel weniger als 30° beträgt und mit dem Öffnungswinkel der Düse 8 übereinstimmt, in letztere hinein. Ändert sich die Gasqualität in Richtung auf niedrigeren Brennwert, verschiebt der Linearmotor 12 den Kegel 11 nach links weiter in die Düse 8 hinein. Dadurch erhöht sich die Geschwindigkeit, mit der die Luft in die Mischkammer 7 eintritt. Dementsprechend wird mehr Gas in die Mischkammer 7 hineingefördert. Gleichzeitig sinkt die in die Mischkammer 7 eintretende Luftmenge. Im Ergebnis fördert weniger Luft mehr Gas in die Mischkammer 7. Dies kompensiert den sinkenden Brennwert.In the position of Figure 2, the cone 11, the angle in this embodiment is less than 30 ° and coincides with the opening angle of the nozzle 8, projects into the latter. If the gas quality changes in the direction of lower calorific value, the linear motor 12 displaces the cone 11 to the left into the nozzle 8. This increases the speed at which the air enters the mixing chamber 7. Accordingly, more gas is conveyed into the mixing chamber 7. At the same time, the amount of air entering the mixing chamber 7 decreases. As a result, less air promotes more gas in the mixing chamber 7. This compensates for the decreasing calorific value.

Bei steigendem Brennwert arbeitet die Regelung in entgegengesetzter Richtung. Durch das Verstellen des Kegels 11 können Schwankungen des Luftdrucks und der Verbrennungslufttemperatur ausgeglichen werden.With increasing calorific value, the control works in the opposite direction. By adjusting the cone 11 fluctuations in the air pressure and the combustion air temperature can be compensated.

Die Erfindung kombiniert die Vorteile eines pneumatischen Verbundes mit den Vorteilen eines elektronischen Verbundes unter gleichzeitiger Erhöhung des Modulationsgrades. Die Mindestleistung der Verbrennungseinrichtung kann ohne Stabilitätseinbuße abgesenkt werden.The invention combines the advantages of a pneumatic composite with the advantages of an electronic composite while simultaneously increasing the degree of modulation. The minimum power of the combustion device can be lowered without loss of stability.

Kommt die Verbrennungseinrichtung zum Stillstand, kann der kegel 11 so weit in die Düse 8 hineigefahren werden, daß er letztere verschließt. Dies verhindert eine Abgasrückströmung in die Luftleitung 2, sofern die Verbrennungseinrichtung an ein Abgassystem angeschlossen ist, das von weiteren Verbrennungseinrichtungen mit Überdruck beaufschlagt wird.If the combustion device comes to a standstill, the cone 11 can be driven so far into the nozzle 8, that he closes the latter. This prevents an exhaust gas backflow into the air line 2, provided that the combustion device is connected to an exhaust system, which is acted upon by further combustion devices with overpressure.

Fällt der den Linearmotor 12 des Kegels 11 steuernde Sensor aus, wird der Kegel 11 so weit nach rechts gefahren, daß er den Querschnitt der Düse 8 vollständig freigibt. Die Verbrennungseinrichtung wird dann einzig und allein über den pneumatischen Regler 3, also in der konventionellen Weise eines pneumatischen Verbundes, geregelt. Dabei empfiehlt es sich, die minimale Leistung der Verbindungseinrichtung anzuheben.If the sensor controlling the linear motor 12 of the cone 11 fails, the cone 11 is driven so far to the right that it completely clears the cross-section of the nozzle 8. The combustion device is then controlled solely by the pneumatic regulator 3, ie in the conventional manner of a pneumatic composite. It is advisable to increase the minimum power of the connection device.

Im Rahmen der Erfindung sind durchaus Abwandlungsmöglichkeiten gegeben. So kann der pneumatische Regler 3 den Steuerdruck für die Steuerung des Drucks in der Gasleitung 1 auch an anderer Stelle als in der Luftleitung 2 abgreifen, beispielsweise in der Mischkammer 7. Auch kann der den Linearmotor 12 steuernde Sensor beispielsweise lediglich die Verbrennungslufttemperatur und/oder den Luftdruck bzw. die Gasqualität erfassen.In the context of the invention are quite possible Abwandlungsmöglichkeiten. Thus, the pneumatic controller 3 can tap the control pressure for controlling the pressure in the gas line 1 elsewhere than in the air line 2, for example in the mixing chamber 7. Also, the linear motor 12 controlling sensor, for example, only the combustion air temperature and / or Record air pressure or gas quality.

Claims (4)

  1. Device for regulating the gas/air ratio for a premixing combustion device with
    - a pneumatic regulator (3) which keeps the ratio between the pressure in a gas conduit (1) and the pressure in an air conduit (2) constant,
    - a mixing device (4) which is disposed downstream of the regulator (3) and has the following features:
    • a mixing chamber (7) which diverges from its inlet opening in the flow direction in the manner of a venturi nozzle,
    • a nozzle (8) which is connected to the air conduit (2) and protrudes into the inlet opening of the mixing chamber (7),
    • an annular gap (10) which is connected to the gas conduit (1) and is constructed between the edge (9) of the inlet opening of the mixing chamber (7) and the nozzle (8) connected to the air conduit (2),

    characterised in that
    - a cone (11) is disposed in the air conduit (2) and is movable in an axial direction relative to the nozzle (8) connected to the air conduit (2) as a function of a signal from a sensor,
    - and that a fan (5), the speed of which is controllable, conveys the mixture out of the mixing chamber (7) to the combustion apparatus.
  2. Device as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the cone can be actuated by a linear motor (12).
  3. Device as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the orifice cross-section of the nozzle (8) connected to the air conduit (2) is adapted to the cross-section of the cone in such a way that the nozzle can be closed completely by the cone (11).
  4. Device as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the angle of the cone is less than 30°.
EP03024295A 2003-05-30 2003-10-23 Device for controlling the fuel/air ratio in a premix combustion apparatus Expired - Lifetime EP1482245B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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SI200330256T SI1482245T1 (en) 2003-05-30 2003-10-23 Device for controlling the fuel/air ratio in a premix combustion apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE10324706 2003-05-30
DE10324706A DE10324706B3 (en) 2003-05-30 2003-05-30 Device for controlling the gas / air ratio for a premixing combustion device

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EP1482245A1 EP1482245A1 (en) 2004-12-01
EP1482245B1 true EP1482245B1 (en) 2006-02-22

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US (1) US6990964B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1482245B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE318393T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2464993C (en)
DE (2) DE10324706B3 (en)
ES (1) ES2258691T3 (en)
PL (1) PL202022B1 (en)
SI (1) SI1482245T1 (en)

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CN107830520A (en) * 2017-09-27 2018-03-23 徐州工程学院 A kind of burning-point burner

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CN107830520A (en) * 2017-09-27 2018-03-23 徐州工程学院 A kind of burning-point burner

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SI1482245T1 (en) 2006-08-31
CA2464993C (en) 2009-07-28
EP1482245A1 (en) 2004-12-01
PL202022B1 (en) 2009-05-29
CA2464993A1 (en) 2004-11-30
DE10324706B3 (en) 2004-12-02
PL367655A1 (en) 2004-12-13
US6990964B2 (en) 2006-01-31
ATE318393T1 (en) 2006-03-15
US20040237947A1 (en) 2004-12-02
ES2258691T3 (en) 2006-09-01
DE50302463D1 (en) 2006-04-27

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