EP1462566B1 - Method and apparatus for beating pulp - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for beating pulp Download PDFInfo
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- EP1462566B1 EP1462566B1 EP04006320A EP04006320A EP1462566B1 EP 1462566 B1 EP1462566 B1 EP 1462566B1 EP 04006320 A EP04006320 A EP 04006320A EP 04006320 A EP04006320 A EP 04006320A EP 1462566 B1 EP1462566 B1 EP 1462566B1
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- beating
- rolls
- pulp
- grooves
- roll
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21D—TREATMENT OF THE MATERIALS BEFORE PASSING TO THE PAPER-MAKING MACHINE
- D21D1/00—Methods of beating or refining; Beaters of the Hollander type
- D21D1/02—Methods of beating; Beaters of the Hollander type
- D21D1/18—Beaters with two or more beater rolls
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for grinding fibrous materials between two milling surfaces and to an apparatus for carrying out the method.
- the best possible strength use of all types of fibrous materials (wood pulp, annual plants, animal, etc.) allows a more cost-effective production of papers, leather, etc.
- the fibers must be treated by means of a so-called grinding, so that the binding properties of the fibers by appropriate measures come to fruition.
- This process has traditionally been carried out in so-called "Dutch", large cylindrical, discontinuous machines. Due to lack of throughput and high specific energy consumption, these machines have been replaced by continuous refiner. Refiners are currently being made in the design of the (double) disc, cone or cylinder.
- the surface roughening and crushing of the fiber material requires these high differential speeds with simultaneous pressing of the pulp. Most of the energy is lost in frictional heat. According to the literature, only about 3 to 10% of the energy used for fiber treatment.
- the DE 443 537 describes a Holées-Mahlgeschirr for pulp, while the grinding roller and the rotatable base with intermeshing grinding elements in the form of ribs, blocks, pins, spikes o. The like. Provided and comminuted the ground between your flanks.
- the DE 10 06 250 and the FR 773 591 also disclose grinding devices for the treatment of paper pulp, while the pulp is fed in the form of a paper pulp suspension of the refining.
- the invention is further characterized in that the speed difference of the Mahlober vom in the range of - 5 m / s and +12 m / s, advantageously the differential speed is almost zero. This can achieve a high economic advantage by reducing the idle power by up to about 90%.
- the low differential speed also allows a targeted introduction of compressive forces on the single fiber or the fiber composite whereby a Quetschmahlung is achieved.
- squeeze grinding were already exploited with the use of the first grinding mills, they could never be integrated industrially in continuous process stages.
- two or more grinding operations are carried out in succession. The advantage of a serial Circuit is seen in increased use of existing fiber strength potential.
- a favorable embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the pulp is evenly distributed over the grinding zone.
- the large surface created coupled with a large uniformity of the fiber distribution both in web transverse and longitudinal and Z direction leads to a high fiber hit probability with the advantage of uniform fiber treatment using the strength potential of as many individual fibers, ie the total strength level can be used to a large extent.
- the pulp is fed directly from a thickening machine of the grinding machine.
- the technical and economic benefits are similar to those already mentioned.
- investment is reduced, making the process easier to design.
- the invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method, wherein rolls are provided as grinding bodies. It is characterized in that the material supply takes place by means of a separate web guide until just before the grinding zone.
- the advantage is in a continuous operation, which can be dispensed with pre-aggregates. Another advantage is a reduction in investment costs and space requirements.
- a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the rollers are driven at the same speed / have the same speed.
- the advantage lies in a very low effort for frictional force with intensive introduction of adjustable pressing forces. The low frictional force caused by the almost non-existent relative speed reduces the energy requirements for rail transport and Quetschmahlung to almost zero.
- roller pairs are provided with a wide grinding gap, wherein the roller (s) for generating the wide Mahlspaltes may have a shoe support or a beam support. Due to the wide grinding gap design, the forces on the one hand gentler intervention while extending the residence time.
- a favorable embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the rollers have spikes. The sting increase the "clothing surface" and allow for better penetration and treatment of the fiber material.
- An advantageous development of the invention is characterized in that the rolls have grooves or grooves, wherein the grooves or grooves can extend in the circumferential direction or at an angle to the roll axis.
- the increase in the roll surface by means of grooves, grooves, etc. has the advantage that the number of individual fibers achieved and thus treated is increased.
- An advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the grooves or grooves interlock. If meshing becomes possible due to the shape design - positive locking - there is no differential speed. The entire energy consumption is reduced or converted into a kind of pressing grinding. This leads to a maximum use of raw materials in terms of development of strength with the least possible increase in drainage resistance.
- the grooves or grooves are trapezoidal
- the bottom of the grooves or grooves may have drainage depressions. Residual water - eg at low inlet material densities - escapes into the depressions and can be sucked out or thrown out of these depressions.
- Residual water - eg at low inlet material densities - escapes into the depressions and can be sucked out or thrown out of these depressions.
- This has the advantage that higher solids concentrations occur in the milling zone.
- a necessary process stage can be omitted, or higher final dry contents can be achieved.
- the energy requirements for a subsequent thickening stage or thermal drying can be reduced.
- a favorable embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the rollers have a drive.
- a follower wire, rubber or the like is a follower wire, rubber or the like. Braid provided, wherein this encloses at least one roller or guided over deflection rollers and can be pressed against at least one roller.
- Fig. 1 a schematic representation of the invention
- Fig. 2 a schematic side view of a variant of the invention
- Fig. 3 a schematic side view of another variant of the invention
- Fig. 4 a schematic side view of a next variant of the invention
- Fig. 5 an embodiment of the invention
- Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 represent further variants of the invention.
- Roller speed, nip length, roller distance, differential speed, contact pressure, surface structure and material properties determine the reaction time of the grinding force on the material to be ground.
- extended refining or extended retention refining (ERR) can also be used for the grinding application, which can increase the exposure time / meal many times over.
- one or more rolls can be arranged in series. These illustrated arrangements apply to both low and high consistency milling.
- any kind of shoe or beam support can follow in series and at short intervals.
- These rolls can use a flexible, pneumatically, hydraulically mounted substructure to improve and increase the Mahlleich choirkeit.
- the support shoe can be guided with support bodies, which have lubrication openings such as bores, sintered metals used for the passage of the lubricant (water, air, oil, etc.) for sliding support.
- the design of the roll surface is the design of the roll surface. This can be performed by one or two sides smooth, provided with spikes or with wave-like grooves. These grooves, grooves can run in the circumferential direction (see Fig.) Or at an angle to transverse to the roll axis direction.
- the rollers have circumferential grooves which interlock.
- the depths of the grooves is according to the pulp, the web thickness and the Solids content selected.
- Advantageous are trapezoidal depressions with a groove depth of 1 to 25 mm.
- the groove base can be provided with drainage depressions - eg additional holes for drainage similar to a suction roll principle in a press section of a paper machine.
- the grooves can be milled, ground, etched, eroded or raised produced in the roll body.
- a simple raised groove design which allows different geometries due to the selected wire shape, can be done by means of winding.
- a second pressure roller, a running wire, rubber, etc. braid enclose the roll body and provide by means of additional contact pressure for a long-term contusion.
- rollers with smaller diameters will be used for highest fiber squeezing.
- a band consisting of a wire or rubber mesh can be pressed against the roll or extend over several rolls.
- the roller peripheral speed - or a possibly set differential speed - depends among other things also on the roller surface.
- Rolls which have grooves and ridges at a regular circumferential spacing such as corrugating rolls in wave production, prove to be of great advantage.
- These grooves run parallel or at an angle of 0 ° to 45 ° to the roll axis (helical gearing): They can be interrupted in the circumferential direction, which allows short-term and easy drainage especially at low concentrations of substance. This favors the grinding.
- the flank design of the grooves may in turn have small so-called Unterriefen. Since the grinding treatment is based on an intensive crushing, also MahlSystemgrund Siemensen are similar to a perforated roll. In the case of a perforated surface structure, an additional dewatering process takes place during the grinding process.
- the holes can be executed as blind holes.
- the rollers can be operated at adjustable different speeds.
- the surfaces themselves are made of very hard material to maintain long life.
- the grinding elements on the roll body can be mounted in segments or be single and retractable elements that are made of high-quality steels or ceramic.
- steel alloys such as those currently used in Refinem are suitable. All materials can additionally be surface alloyed.
- different materials for the pressure rollers can be used in combination. The use of materials with different degrees of hardness or material allows an enlargement of the grinding zone, which in turn favors the desired Quetschmahlung. In this machine concept, the idle drive power drops to approx. 3 - 5% of conventional grinding systems, the total energy requirement to achieve the same strengths below 50%. In addition, opacity and other optical properties are better preserved compared to conventional milling.
- the capacity of these grinding plants is a function of the working width and the area-related mass of the preceding distributor.
- the working widths of the grinding machines can be easily adapted to a specific production by changing the Stoffverteilbreite.
- the untreated web introduced into the refining gap has in most cases a weight of 100 to 1500 g / m 2 . This applies to both LC (low consistency) and MC (middle consistency) and HC (high consistency) grinds.
- the area-related mass can be adapted to the respective raw material.
- the material feed to the grinding zone takes place by means of its own web guide, which extends to just before the grinding zone.
- the aim is to obtain a uniform distribution of the ground material in the grinding zone.
- the substance is not thickened in this case, but could be brought to a higher substance density level, but only distributed uniformly over the grinding zone.
- the grinding is carried out directly after a thickening machine.
- the fiber material to be treated can be fed directly from the thickening machine to the grinding machine. This is especially true for the fabric treatment with higher consistencies.
- high-consistency milling is used in this type of milling treatment.
- the consistency range can vary widely (advantageously 25% to 65% dry content - limited only by mechanical dewatering) and is essentially dependent on the raw material, the basis weight of the fiber web and its pretreatment.
- Hardwood, Recycled grades require a higher consistency than softwood pulps.
- the pulp is passed through a gap as in the case of Niederkonsistenzmahlung and squeezed in this by targeted pressing of the rolls and control of the roll speeds primarily.
- the inner and outer surface is enlarged and bond activated.
- Fig. 1 schematically shows a device according to the invention.
- the grinding plant 1 here consists of a roller 2 and a roller 3, which are driven by means of motor 4 and 5 respectively.
- the drive is performed at the same speed, so that the material to be ground, here in the form of a web 6, is subjected only to pressing but no shear forces.
- the intended web guide is not shown.
- Fig. 3 shows a plant analog Fig. 2 , However, there are here two grinding devices 1, 1 'with grinding rollers 2, 3 and 2', 3 'arranged one behind the other.
- Fig. 4 shows an embodiment with a so-called central grinding roller 10, which has to absorb the forces of the other two rollers 11, 12. The advantage of such an arrangement is a compact design.
- Fig. 5 shows a variant of the invention, in which a running wire, rubber or the like. braid 13, the roller 2 encloses. As a result, a long-term crushing of the pulp can be achieved.
- Fig. 6 is shown a further variant of the invention, wherein a running wire, rubber or the like. Braid 13 'is provided, which is guided over deflecting rollers 14, 14'. The wrap a of the roller 2 can be from 0 ° (point contact pressure) up to about 350 °.
- Fig. 5 shows a variant of the invention, in which a running wire, rubber or the like. braid 13, the roller 2 encloses. As a result, a long-term crushing of the pulp can be achieved.
- Fig. 6 is shown a further variant of the invention, wherein a running wire, rubber or the like. Braid 13 'is provided, which is guided over deflecting rollers 14, 14'. The wrap a of the roller 2 can be from 0 ° (point contact pressure) up
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Mahlung von Faserstoffen zwischen zwei Mahloberflächen sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.
Die bestmögliche Festigkeitsnutzung von Faserstoffen aller Art (Holzfaserstoffen, Einjahrespflanzen, tierischen etc.) erlaubt eine kostengünstigere Produktion von Papieren, Leder usw. Um dieses Potential nutzen zu können müssen die Faserstoffe mittels einer sogenannten Mahlung behandelt werden, damit die Bindungseigenschaften der Fasern durch geeignete Maßnahmen zum Tragen kommen.
Dieser Vorgang wurde traditionell in sogenannten "Holländern", großen zylindrischen, diskontinuierlichen Maschinen durchgeführt. Aufgrund mangelnder Durchsatzleistung und hohem spezifischen Energieverbrauch wurden diese Maschinen durch kontinuierlich arbeitende Refiner ersetzt.
Zur Zeit werden Refiner in der Bauform der (Doppel-) Scheibe, Kegel oder des Zylinders ausgeführt. Nachteile der bisherigen Scheiben-, Kegel- oder Zylindertypen sind die relative Geschwindigkeit entlang der Mahlzone, die eine relativ hohe "Leerlaufleistung" - je nach Mahltyp erfordert. Bei besonders niedrigen Durchsätzen können wiederum je nach Typ Probleme mit der Zentrierung des Rotors in Anstellrichtung auftreten.
Ein weiterer bedeutender Nachteil z.B. beim Kegelrefiner ist die schlechte Pumpwirkung, da die Zentrifugalkraft nicht in Stoffflussrichtung wirkt.
Daraus folgen Durchsatzprobleme und in weiterer Folge die Notwendigkeit die Nuten zu vergrößern, was eine Verringerung der Kantenlänge bewirkt. Als weitere Nachteile können die hohen auftretenden Kräfte und die relative Verschiebung der Messer beim Anstellen zueinander, die Notwendigkeit einer robusten Bauweise aufgrund der auftretenden Lagerkräfte und der schwierige Garniturwechsel gesehen werden.
Durch einen Zylinderrefiner werden viele dieser Nachteile zwar vermieden, doch sind bei einem gewöhnlichen Zylinderrefiner, ähnlich wie beim Kegelrefiner Durchsatzprobleme zu erwarten. Dies kann durch die Verwendung eines Feeds mit integriertem Druckaufbau vermieden werden. Trotz deutlicher Absenkung des Leerlaufenergieverbrauches beim Zylinderrefiner - ca. 40 bis 50% geringer- werden im Vergleich zum Gesamtenergieeintrag die in den Faserstoffen gespeicherte Festigkeitspotentiale leider auch nur unzureichend aktiviert und bei der Fertigstoffherstellung genutzt.The invention relates to a method for grinding fibrous materials between two milling surfaces and to an apparatus for carrying out the method.
The best possible strength use of all types of fibrous materials (wood pulp, annual plants, animal, etc.) allows a more cost-effective production of papers, leather, etc. To use this potential, the fibers must be treated by means of a so-called grinding, so that the binding properties of the fibers by appropriate measures come to fruition.
This process has traditionally been carried out in so-called "Dutch", large cylindrical, discontinuous machines. Due to lack of throughput and high specific energy consumption, these machines have been replaced by continuous refiner.
Refiners are currently being made in the design of the (double) disc, cone or cylinder. Disadvantages of the previous disc, cone or cylinder types are the relative speed along the grinding zone, which requires a relatively high "idling power" - depending on the type of grinding. At particularly low flow rates, in turn, depending on the type problems with the centering of the rotor in the setting occur.
Another significant drawback, for example, in the cone refiner is the poor pumping effect, since the centrifugal force does not act in the material flow direction.
This results in throughput problems and, subsequently, the need to enlarge the grooves, which results in a reduction of the edge length. As further disadvantages, the high forces occurring and the relative displacement of the blade when hiring each other, the need for a robust design due to the bearing forces occurring and the difficult set change can be seen.
Although many of these drawbacks are avoided by a cylindrical refiner, throughput problems are to be expected in a conventional cylindrical refiner, similar to the cone refiner. This can be avoided by using a feed with built-in pressure build-up. In spite of a significant reduction of the idling energy consumption of the cylindrical refiner - approx. 40 to 50% lower - in comparison to the total energy input, the strength potentials stored in the fibers are unfortunately inadequately activated and used in the production of finished goods.
Bei der bisher eingesetzten konventionellen Mahlung von Faserstoffen treten zusätzliche z.B. bei der Papiererzeugung unerwünschte Erscheinungen - wie starker Anstieg des Entwässerungswiderstandes, (Schopperrieglereinheit Erhöhung, Verlust an optischen Eigenschaften etc. ) auf. Dies reduziert die Produktionskapazität einerseits, andererseits werden hierdurch deutlich höhere Energieeinträge zur Entwässerung der Faserbahnen wie auch höhere Trockenleistungen erforderlich.In conventional refining of fibrous materials used hitherto, additional e.g. in the paper production undesirable phenomena - such as a strong increase in drainage resistance, (Schopperrieglereinheit increase, loss of optical properties, etc.) on. This reduces the production capacity on the one hand, on the other hand, this significantly higher energy inputs for dewatering the fiber webs as well as higher drying performance is required.
Bei der konventionellen Mahlung werden die Faserstoffe mittels Pumpe im Niederkonsistenzbereich (< 10%) oder mittels Schneckenförderung, Verdrängerpumpen oder MC Pumpen im Mittel- und Hochkonsistenzbereich (10% > k > 35%) zwischen schnell rotierenden Mahlkörpern bestehend aus Rotoren und Statoren mit Differenzgeschwindigkeiten von ca. v = 15 bis 70 m/s gebracht. Die Oberflächenaufrauhung und Quetschung des Fasergutes erfordert diese hohen Differenzgeschwindigkeiten bei gleichzeitiger Pressung des Faserstoffes. Der Großteil der eingebrachten Energie verliert sich in Reibungswärme. Literaturangaben zufolge werden nur ca. 3 bis 10% der eingesetzten Energie zur Faserbehandlung verwendet.In the case of conventional grinding, the fibers are pumped in the low-consistency range (<10%) or by means of screw conveyors, positive displacement pumps or MC pumps in the middle and high consistency range (10%> k> 35%) between rapidly rotating grinding bodies consisting of rotors and stators with differential speeds of approx. v = 15 to 70 m / s. The surface roughening and crushing of the fiber material requires these high differential speeds with simultaneous pressing of the pulp. Most of the energy is lost in frictional heat. According to the literature, only about 3 to 10% of the energy used for fiber treatment.
Die
Die Veröffentlichung "Physikalische Grunderfordernisse für die optimierte Behandlung cellulosischer Fasern und Möglichkeiten zu deren Umsetzung in die Praxis", Technische Universität Graz, Dissertation, Mario Pregetter, S. 99,100,111-113,12/1999, offenbart ein Verfahren zur Mahlung von Faserstoffen zwischen zwei Mahloberflächen, hierbei wird der Faserstoff in Form einer Bahn der Mahlung zugeführt.
Die vorliegende Erfindung soll die obigen Nachteile verringern bzw. vermeiden.
Sie ist daher dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Faserstoff in Form einer Zellstoff - Bahn mittels einer eigenen Bahnführung bis unmittelbar vor die Mahlzone der Mahlung zugeführt wird. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass sehr hohe Kapazitäten in einem sehr gleichmäßigen Prozessschritt bereits am Ende des Zellstoffherstellprozesses einerseits kostengünstig und technologisch gezielt vorgemahlen werden können. Dies erlaubt bei der Weiterverarbeitung des Faserstoffes in herkömmlichen Stoffaufbereitungsanlagen eine deutliche Reduktion des notwendigen Mahlaufwandes.
Erweiterungen der Mahlanlagen oder auch Verbesserungen der Mahlanlagen zur Erzielung höherer Festigkeiten können damit wegfallen. Die Erfindung ist weiters dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Differenzgeschwindigkeit der Mahloberflächen im Bereich von - 5 m/s und +12 m/s liegt, wobei vorteilhaft die Differenzgeschwindigkeit nahezu Null ist. Dadurch lässt sich ein hoher wirtschaftlicher Vorteil durch Reduktion der Leerlaufleistung um bis ca. 90% erzielen. Die niedrige Differenzgeschwindigkeit erlaubt zudem eine gezielte Einbringung von Druckkräften auf die Einzelfaser oder den Faserverbund wodurch eine Quetschmahlung erzielt wird. Die großen technologischen Vorteile einer Quetschmahlung wurden zwar schon mit dem Einsatz der ersten Mahlstampfanlagen genutzt, konnten aber nie industriell in kontinuierlichen Prozessstufen eingebunden werden.
Gemäß einer weiteren Variante der Erfindung werden zwei oder mehrere Mahlungen hintereinander durchgeführt. Der Vorteil einer seriellen Schaltung ist in einer erhöhten Nutzung des vorhandenen Faserfestigkeitspotentiales zu sehen.The publication "Basic Physical Requirements for the Optimized Treatment of Cellulosic Fibers and their Practical Implementation", Graz University of Technology, Dissertation, Mario Pregetter, pp. 99,100,111-113,12 / 1999, discloses a process for grinding pulps between two milling surfaces , Here, the pulp is fed in the form of a web of grinding.
The present invention is intended to reduce or avoid the above disadvantages.
It is therefore characterized in that the pulp in the form of a pulp web is supplied by means of a separate web guide to the grinding just before the grinding zone. This has the advantage that very high capacities in a very uniform process step already at the end of the pulp production process on the one hand can be pre-ground cost-effectively and technologically targeted. This allows for the further processing of the pulp in conventional stock preparation systems, a significant reduction of the necessary Mahlaufwandes.
Extensions of the grinding plants or even improvements of the grinding plants to achieve higher strengths can be eliminated. The invention is further characterized in that the speed difference of the Mahloberflächen in the range of - 5 m / s and +12 m / s, advantageously the differential speed is almost zero. This can achieve a high economic advantage by reducing the idle power by up to about 90%. The low differential speed also allows a targeted introduction of compressive forces on the single fiber or the fiber composite whereby a Quetschmahlung is achieved. Although the great technological advantages of squeeze grinding were already exploited with the use of the first grinding mills, they could never be integrated industrially in continuous process stages.
According to a further variant of the invention, two or more grinding operations are carried out in succession. The advantage of a serial Circuit is seen in increased use of existing fiber strength potential.
Eine günstige Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Faserstoff gleichmäßig über die Mahlzone verteilt wird. Die große geschaffene Oberfläche gepaart mit einer großen Gleichmäßigkeit der Faserverteilung sowohl in Bahnquer- und Längs- und Z-Richtung führt zu einer hohen Fasertrefferwahrscheinlichkeit mit dem Vorteil einer gleichmäßigen Faserbehandlung unter Nutzung des Festigkeitspotentiales möglichst vieler Einzelfasern, d.h. das Gesamtfestigkeitsniveau kann besonders weitgehend genutzt werden.A favorable embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the pulp is evenly distributed over the grinding zone. The large surface created coupled with a large uniformity of the fiber distribution both in web transverse and longitudinal and Z direction leads to a high fiber hit probability with the advantage of uniform fiber treatment using the strength potential of as many individual fibers, ie the total strength level can be used to a large extent.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung wird der Faserstoff direkt aus einer Eindickmaschine der Mahlmaschine zugeführt. Die technischen und wirtschaftlichen Vorteile sind ähnlich den bereits erwähnten. Hinzu kommt, dass die Investitionen durch den Wegfall von großen Bütten, Rohrleitungen, Pumpen, Mess- und Regeltechnik verringert wird und daher der Prozess einfacher gestaltet werden kann.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the pulp is fed directly from a thickening machine of the grinding machine. The technical and economic benefits are similar to those already mentioned. In addition, by eliminating large quantities of paper, piping, pumps, and measuring and control technology, investment is reduced, making the process easier to design.
Die Erfindung betrifft auch eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens, wobei als Mahlkörper Walzen vorgesehen sind. Sie ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stoffzuführung mittels einer eigenen Bahnführung bis unmittelbar vor die Mahlzone erfolgt. Der Vorteil liegt in einem kontinuierlichem Betrieb, wobei auch auf Voraggregate verzichtet werden kann. Ein weiterer Vorteil liegt in einer Reduktion der Investitionskosten und des Platzbedarfes.The invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method, wherein rolls are provided as grinding bodies. It is characterized in that the material supply takes place by means of a separate web guide until just before the grinding zone. The advantage is in a continuous operation, which can be dispensed with pre-aggregates. Another advantage is a reduction in investment costs and space requirements.
Eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Walzen mit gleicher Geschwindigkeit angetrieben werden/die gleiche Drehzahl aufweisen. Der Vorteil liegt in einem sehr geringen Aufwand für Reibungskraft bei intensiver Einbringung von einstellbaren Presskräften. Die geringe Reibkraft ausgelöst durch die beinahe nicht vorhandene Relativgeschwindigkeit reduziert den Energiebedarf für Bahntransport und Quetschmahlung auf beinahe null.A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the rollers are driven at the same speed / have the same speed. The advantage lies in a very low effort for frictional force with intensive introduction of adjustable pressing forces. The low frictional force caused by the almost non-existent relative speed reduces the energy requirements for rail transport and Quetschmahlung to almost zero.
Gemäß einer günstigen Weiterbildung der Erfindung sind Walzenpaare mit breitem Mahlspalt vorgesehen, wobei die Walze(n) zur Erzeugung des breiten Mahlspaltes eine Schuhunterstützung oder eine Balkenunterstützung aufweisen können. Durch die breite Mahlspaltausführung können die Kräfte einerseits schonender Eingreifen bei gleichzeitiger Verlängerung der Verweilzeit. Eine günstige Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Walzen Stachel aufweisen. Die Stachel erhöhen die "Garnituroberfläche" und ermöglichen eine bessere Durchdringung und Behandlung des Fasergutes.According to a favorable development of the invention roller pairs are provided with a wide grinding gap, wherein the roller (s) for generating the wide Mahlspaltes may have a shoe support or a beam support. Due to the wide grinding gap design, the forces on the one hand gentler intervention while extending the residence time. A favorable embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the rollers have spikes. The sting increase the "clothing surface" and allow for better penetration and treatment of the fiber material.
Eine vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Walzen Riefen oder Rillen aufweisen, wobei die Riefen oder Rillen in Umfangsrichtung oder in einem Winkel zur Walzenachse verlaufen können. Die Erhöhung der Walzenoberfläche mittels Riefen, Rillen etc. bringt den Vorteil, dass die Anzahl der erreichten und somit behandelten Einzelfasern vergrößert wird.An advantageous development of the invention is characterized in that the rolls have grooves or grooves, wherein the grooves or grooves can extend in the circumferential direction or at an angle to the roll axis. The increase in the roll surface by means of grooves, grooves, etc. has the advantage that the number of individual fibers achieved and thus treated is increased.
Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Riefen oder Rillen ineinander greifen. Wird aufgrund der Formgestaltung ein Ineinandergreifen möglich - Formschluss - besteht keine Differenzgeschwindigkeit. Der gesamte Energieaufwand wird reduziert bzw. in eine Art Pressmahlung umgesetzt. Dies führt zu einer maximalen Rohstoffnutzung hinsichtlich Entwicklung der Festigkeit bei geringstmöglichem Anstieg des Entwässerungswiderstandes.An advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the grooves or grooves interlock. If meshing becomes possible due to the shape design - positive locking - there is no differential speed. The entire energy consumption is reduced or converted into a kind of pressing grinding. This leads to a maximum use of raw materials in terms of development of strength with the least possible increase in drainage resistance.
Gemäß einer günstigen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind die Riefen oder Rillen trapezartig ausgeführtAccording to a favorable embodiment of the invention, the grooves or grooves are trapezoidal
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung kann der Boden der Riefen oder Rillen Entwässerungsvertiefungen aufweisen. Restwasser - z.B. bei niedrigen Einlaufstoffdichten - entweicht in die Vertiefungen und kann aus diesen Vertiefungen abgesaugt oder geschleudert werden. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass in der Mahlzone höhere Feststoffkonzentrationen auftreten. Je nach Prozessführung kann eine notwendige Prozessstufe entfallen, oder höhere Endtrockengehalte erzielt werden. Damit kann der Energiebedarf für eine nachfolgende Eindickungsstufe oder thermische Trocknung reduziert werden.According to an advantageous development of the invention, the bottom of the grooves or grooves may have drainage depressions. Residual water - eg at low inlet material densities - escapes into the depressions and can be sucked out or thrown out of these depressions. This has the advantage that higher solids concentrations occur in the milling zone. Depending on the process management, a necessary process stage can be omitted, or higher final dry contents can be achieved. Thus, the energy requirements for a subsequent thickening stage or thermal drying can be reduced.
Eine günstige Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Walzen einen Antrieb aufweisen.A favorable embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the rollers have a drive.
Vorteilhaft hat sich erwiesen, wenn der Faserstoff direkt aus einer Eindickmaschine der Mahlmaschine zugeführt wird, da hierbei auf eine zusätzliche Maschine für eine gleichmäßige bahnförmige Verteilung des Faserguts verzichtet werden kann.It has proven to be advantageous if the pulp is fed directly from a thickening machine to the grinding machine, since in this case an additional machine for a uniform web-like distribution of the fiber material can be dispensed with.
Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausführung der Erfindung ist ein mitlaufendes Draht-, Gummi- odgl. -geflecht vorgesehen, wobei dieses zumindest eine Walze umschließt oder über Umlenkwalzen geführt und an zumindest eine Walze angepreßt werden kann.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention is a follower wire, rubber or the like. Braid provided, wherein this encloses at least one roller or guided over deflection rollers and can be pressed against at least one roller.
Die Erfindung wird nun anhand der Zeichnungen beispielhaft beschrieben, wobei
Walzengeschwindigkeit, Walzenspaltlänge, Walzenabstand, Differenzgeschwindigkeit, Anpressdruck, Oberflächenstruktur und Materialbeschaffenheit bestimmen die Einwirkzeit der Mahlkraft auf das Mahlgut.Roller speed, nip length, roller distance, differential speed, contact pressure, surface structure and material properties determine the reaction time of the grinding force on the material to be ground.
Die in den Bildern dargestellten Maschinen wirken ähnlich einem Presskonzept an einer Papiermaschine. Auch für die Mahlanwendung kann das Basisprinzip eines sogenannten "Extended Refining's " bzw. Extended Retention Refinings (ERR) eingesetzt werden, wodurch sich die Einwirkzeit / Mahlzeit um ein Vielfaches erhöhen lässt.The machines shown in the pictures act similar to a press concept on a paper machine. The basic principle of a so-called "extended refining" or extended retention refining (ERR) can also be used for the grinding application, which can increase the exposure time / meal many times over.
Zur Erhöhung der Mahlwirkung können ein oder mehrere Walzen (Walzenspalte) in Serie angeordnet werden. Diese dargestellten Anordnungen gelten sowohl für die Nieder- als auch Hochkonsistenzmahlung.To increase the grinding effect, one or more rolls (nips) can be arranged in series. These illustrated arrangements apply to both low and high consistency milling.
Zur Erzeugung eines breiten Mahlspaltes eignet sich neben großen Walzendurchmessern, jegliche Art von Schuh- oder Balkenunterstützung. Von diesen Breitnips können mehrere in Serie und in kurzen Abständen folgen. Auch diese Walzen können zur Verbesserung und Erhöhung der Mahlgleichmäßigkeit eine flexible, pneumatisch, hydraulisch gelagerte Unterkonstruktion verwenden. Der Tragschuh kann mit Stützkörpern geführt werden, die zur Gleitunterstützung Schmieröffnungen wie Bohrungen, eingesetzte Sintermetalle für den Durchtritt des Schmiermittels (Wasser, Luft, Öl etc. ) besitzen.To produce a wide grinding gap is suitable in addition to large roll diameters, any kind of shoe or beam support. Several of these wide nips can follow in series and at short intervals. These rolls can use a flexible, pneumatically, hydraulically mounted substructure to improve and increase the Mahlleichmäßigkeit. The support shoe can be guided with support bodies, which have lubrication openings such as bores, sintered metals used for the passage of the lubricant (water, air, oil, etc.) for sliding support.
Von wesentlicher Bedeutung bei der neuartigen Behandlung von Faserstoffen zur Erhöhung der Festigkeitseigenschaften durch Nutzung des in den Fasern vorhandenen Potentiales ist die Gestaltung der Walzenoberfläche. Diese kann von ein- oder zweiseitig glatt, mit Stacheln oder mit wellenartigen Riefen versehen ausgeführt werden. Diese Riefen, Rinnen können in Umfangsrichtung (siehe Abb.) oder in einem Winkel bis quer zur Walzenachsenrichtung verlaufen.Of essential importance in the novel treatment of fibrous materials to increase the strength properties by utilizing the potential present in the fibers is the design of the roll surface. This can be performed by one or two sides smooth, provided with spikes or with wave-like grooves. These grooves, grooves can run in the circumferential direction (see Fig.) Or at an angle to transverse to the roll axis direction.
Die Walzen haben Umfangsriefen die ineinander greifen. Die Tiefen der Riefen wird entsprechend der Faserstoffart, der Bahnvliesdicke und dem Feststoffgehalt gewählt. Vorteilhaft sind trapezartige Vertiefungen mit einer Nuttiefe von 1 bis 25 mm. Der Nutgrund kann mit Entwässerungsvertiefungen - z.B. zusätzlichen Bohrungen zur Wasserabführung ähnlich einem Saugwalzenprinzip in einer Pressenpartie einer Papiermaschine versehen sein.
Die Nuten können in den Walzenkörper gefräst, geschliffen, geätzt, erodiert oder aber erhaben erzeugt werden. Eine einfache erhabene Nutgestaltung, welche aufgrund der gewählten Drahtform unterschiedliche Geometrien zuläst, kann mittels Wicklung erfolgen.
Anstelle einer zweiten Anpresswalze kann ein mitlaufendes Draht-, Gummi- etc. - Geflecht den Walzenkörper umschließen und mittels zusätzlicher Anpressung für eine langzeitige Quetschung sorgen. Für höchste Faserquetschung werden aufgrund des geringen Anpressdruckes vornehmlich Walzen mit kleineren Durchmessern Verwendung finden. Alternativ kann auch ein aus einem Draht- oder Gummigeflecht bestehendes Band an die Walze angepresst werden oder sich über mehrere Walzen erstrecken.
Die Walzenumfangsgeschwindigkeit - bzw. eine eventuell eingestellte Differenzgeschwindigkeit - richtet sich unter anderem auch nach der Walzenoberfläche.The rollers have circumferential grooves which interlock. The depths of the grooves is according to the pulp, the web thickness and the Solids content selected. Advantageous are trapezoidal depressions with a groove depth of 1 to 25 mm. The groove base can be provided with drainage depressions - eg additional holes for drainage similar to a suction roll principle in a press section of a paper machine.
The grooves can be milled, ground, etched, eroded or raised produced in the roll body. A simple raised groove design, which allows different geometries due to the selected wire shape, can be done by means of winding.
Instead of a second pressure roller, a running wire, rubber, etc. braid enclose the roll body and provide by means of additional contact pressure for a long-term contusion. Due to the low contact pressure, mainly rollers with smaller diameters will be used for highest fiber squeezing. Alternatively, a band consisting of a wire or rubber mesh can be pressed against the roll or extend over several rolls.
The roller peripheral speed - or a possibly set differential speed - depends among other things also on the roller surface.
Zur Einstellung der Geschwindigkeiten - eventueller kleiner Differenzgeschwindigkeiten - werden die Walzen angetrieben.
Von großem Vorteil erweisen sich Walzen, die Nuten und Erhöhungen in einem regelmäßigen Abstand in Umfangsrichtung aufweisen, ähnlich den Riffelwalzen bei der Wellenherstellung.
Diese Riefen verlaufen parallel oder in einem Winkel von 0° bis zu 45° zur Walzenachse (Schrägverzahnung): Sie können in Umfangsrichtung unterbrochen sein, was speziell bei niedrigen Stoffkonzentrationen eine kurzfristige und leichte Entwässerung ermöglicht. Damit wird die Mahlung begünstigt.To adjust the speeds - possibly small differential speeds - the rollers are driven.
Rolls which have grooves and ridges at a regular circumferential spacing, such as corrugating rolls in wave production, prove to be of great advantage.
These grooves run parallel or at an angle of 0 ° to 45 ° to the roll axis (helical gearing): They can be interrupted in the circumferential direction, which allows short-term and easy drainage especially at low concentrations of substance. This favors the grinding.
Die Flankengestaltung der Riefen kann wiederum kleine sogenannte Unterriefen aufweisen.
Da die Mahlbehandlung auf Basis einer intensiven Quetschung erfolgt, eigenen sich auch Mahlkörpergrundstrukturen ähnlich einer Lochwalze.
Bei einer mit Löchern versehenen Oberflächenstruktur erfolgt ein zusätzlicher Entwässerungsvorgang während des Mahlvorganges. Die Löcher können unter anderem als Blindbohrungen ausgeführt werden.The flank design of the grooves may in turn have small so-called Unterriefen.
Since the grinding treatment is based on an intensive crushing, also Mahlkörpergrundstrukturen are similar to a perforated roll.
In the case of a perforated surface structure, an additional dewatering process takes place during the grinding process. The holes can be executed as blind holes.
Weitere Varianten sind Oberflächenausführungen, wie diese derzeit bei Mahlmaschinen verwendet werden. In diesem Falle, da kein Ineinandergreifen der Mahlkörper stattfindet, können die Walzen mit einstellbaren unterschiedlichen Geschwindigkeiten betrieben werden. Damit kann des Verhältnis zwischen Scherung und Pressung variiert werden.
Die Oberflächen selbst werden aus sehr hartem Material gefertigt um lange Standzeiten zu erhalten.
Die Mahlelemente auf dem Walzenkörper können in Segmenten angebracht werden oder auch einzelne und einschiebbare Elemente sein, die aus hochwertigen Stählen oder Keramik gefertigt werden.
Aus Verschleißgründen werden sich Stahllegierungen wie derzeit bei Refinem eingesetzt, eignen. Alle Materialen können zusätzlich oberflächenlegiert werden.
Für besondere Einsatzfälle können unterschiedliche Materialen für die Anpresswalzen in Kombination verwendet werden.
Die Verwendung von Materialien mit unterschiedlichem Härtegrad oder Material erlaubt eine Vergrößerung der Mahlzone, welches wiederum die angestrebte Quetschmahlung begünstigt.
Die Leerlaufantriebsleistung sinkt bei diesem Maschinenkonzept auf ca. 3 - 5% herkömmlicher Mahlanlagen, der Gesamtenergiebedarf zur Erzielung gleicher Festigkeiten auf unter 50%. Zudem bleiben Opazität und andere optische Eigenschaften im Vergleich zur herkömmlichen Mahlung besser erhalten.Other variants are surface finishes, as they are currently used in grinding machines. In this case, since there is no intermeshing of the grinding media, the rollers can be operated at adjustable different speeds. Thus, the relationship between shear and pressure can be varied.
The surfaces themselves are made of very hard material to maintain long life.
The grinding elements on the roll body can be mounted in segments or be single and retractable elements that are made of high-quality steels or ceramic.
For reasons of wear, steel alloys such as those currently used in Refinem are suitable. All materials can additionally be surface alloyed.
For special applications, different materials for the pressure rollers can be used in combination.
The use of materials with different degrees of hardness or material allows an enlargement of the grinding zone, which in turn favors the desired Quetschmahlung.
In this machine concept, the idle drive power drops to approx. 3 - 5% of conventional grinding systems, the total energy requirement to achieve the same strengths below 50%. In addition, opacity and other optical properties are better preserved compared to conventional milling.
Die Kapazität dieser Mahlanlagen ist eine Funktion der Arbeitsbreite und der flächenbezogenen Masse der vorangestellten Verteilmaschine. Die Arbeitsbreiten der Mahlmaschinen lassen sich einfach einer bestimmten Produktion durch Veränderung der Stoffverteilbreite anpassen.
Die in den Mahlspalt eingeführte, unbehandelte Bahn weist in den meisten Fällen ein Gewicht von 100 bis 1500 g/m2 auf. Dies gilt sowohl für LC- (Niederkonsistenz-) als auch MC- (Mittekonsistenz-) und HC- (Hochkonsistenz-) Mahlungen. Die flächenbezogene Masse kann dem jeweiligen Rohstoff angepasst werden.The capacity of these grinding plants is a function of the working width and the area-related mass of the preceding distributor. The working widths of the grinding machines can be easily adapted to a specific production by changing the Stoffverteilbreite.
The untreated web introduced into the refining gap has in most cases a weight of 100 to 1500 g / m 2 . This applies to both LC (low consistency) and MC (middle consistency) and HC (high consistency) grinds. The area-related mass can be adapted to the respective raw material.
Grundsätzlich sind zwei Maschinentypen in Bezug auf die Konsistenz möglich.Basically, two machine types are possible in terms of consistency.
Bei einem Feed im Niederkonsistenzbereich erfolgt die Stoffzuführung zur Mahlzone mittels einer eigenen Bahnführung, welche bis unmittelbar vor die Mahlzone reicht. Ziel ist eine gleichmäßige Verteilung des Mahlgutes in die Mahlzone zu erhalten. Der Stoff wird hierbei nicht eingedickt, - könnte aber auf ein höheres Stoffdichteniveau gebracht werden-, sondern nur gleichmäßig über die Mahlzone verteilt.
Vorteilhafterweise wird z.B. bei der Mahlung von Altpapieren die Mahlung direkt nach einer Eindickmaschine durchgeführt. Das zu behandelnde Fasergut kann direkt aus der Eindickmaschine der Mahlmaschine zugeführt werden. Dies gilt insbesondere bei der Stoffbehandlung mit höheren Konsistenzen.In the case of a feed in the low consistency range, the material feed to the grinding zone takes place by means of its own web guide, which extends to just before the grinding zone. The aim is to obtain a uniform distribution of the ground material in the grinding zone. The substance is not thickened in this case, but could be brought to a higher substance density level, but only distributed uniformly over the grinding zone.
Advantageously, for example, during the grinding of waste papers, the grinding is carried out directly after a thickening machine. The fiber material to be treated can be fed directly from the thickening machine to the grinding machine. This is especially true for the fabric treatment with higher consistencies.
Sobald höhere Konsistenzen aufgrund der bereits verbesserten initialen Bahnfestigkeit eine freie Bahnführung erlauben, wird bei dieser Art von Mahlbehandlung von Hochkonsistenzmahlung gesprochen. Der Konsistenzbereich kann sehr weit variieren (vorteilhafterweise 25% bis 65 % Trockengehalt - Begrenzung nur durch mechanische Entwässerbarkeit), und ist im Wesentlichen vom Rohstoff, der flächenbezogenen Masse der Faserbahn und seiner Vorbehandlung abhängig. Hardwood, Recycled Grades verlangen eine höhere Konsistenz als Softwood - Faserstoffe.
Der Faserstoff wird wie im Falle der Niederkonsistenzmahlung durch einen Spalt geführt und in diesem durch gezieltes Anpressen der Walzen und Steuerung der Walzengeschwindigkeiten vornehmlich gequetscht. Hierbei wird die innere und äußere Oberfläche vergrößert und bindungsaktiviert. Auch bei dieser Methode ist wesentlich, dass die Mahlzone gleichmäßig gefüllt ist, sodass das Fasermaterial die gleiche Behandlung über die Bahnbreite erhält.
Die Walzenoberflächen sind ähnlich wie im Fall der Niederkonsistenzmahlung geprägt, gerieft, mit Stacheln versehen, können ein Nut - Wellenprofil - ähnlich der Wellenherstellung von Wellpappe, etc. aufweisen.
In
Der Vorteil einer derartigen Anordnung ist eine kompakte Bauweise. Bei dieser Konfiguration können alle Walzen mit derselben Oberflächengeschwindigkeit betrieben werden. Je nach Qualitätsanforderung an den Fertigstoff können aber die beiden äußeren Walzen verschiedene Pressdrücke, Oberflächenbestückung und / oder verschiedene, einstellbare Relativgeschwindigkeiten aufweisen.
In
Sömtliche Varianten werden mit einer Bahnführung bis unmittelbar vor die Mahlzone ausgeführt.As soon as higher consistencies allow free web guidance due to the already improved initial web strength, high-consistency milling is used in this type of milling treatment. The consistency range can vary widely (advantageously 25% to 65% dry content - limited only by mechanical dewatering) and is essentially dependent on the raw material, the basis weight of the fiber web and its pretreatment. Hardwood, Recycled grades require a higher consistency than softwood pulps.
The pulp is passed through a gap as in the case of Niederkonsistenzmahlung and squeezed in this by targeted pressing of the rolls and control of the roll speeds primarily. Here, the inner and outer surface is enlarged and bond activated. In this method, too, it is essential that the grinding zone is filled uniformly, so that the fiber material receives the same treatment across the web width.
The roll surfaces are embossed, ridged, spiked, as in the case of low consistency milling, may have a groove - wave profile - similar to corrugated board corrugation, etc.
In
The advantage of such an arrangement is a compact design. In this configuration, all rolls can be at the same surface speed operate. Depending on the quality requirement for the finished material, however, the two outer rolls can have different pressing pressures, surface fitting and / or different, adjustable relative speeds.
In
All variations are carried out with a web guide until just before the grinding zone.
Claims (24)
- Process for beating pulps between two beating surfaces, where the pulp is fed to the beating zone in the form of a web and compressive forces are applied to the pulp web, characterised by the differential speed of the beating surfaces being in the region of -5 m/s and +12 m/s and by a separate web guide (8, 9) feeding the web to a point directly in front of the beating zone (7).
- Process according to Claim 1, characterised by the differential speed being virtually zero.
- Process according to one of Claims 1 or 2, characterised by two or more beating stages being carried out one after the other.
- Process according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised by the pulp being distributed evenly over the beating zone.
- Process according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised by the pulp being fed to the beating machine directly from a thickener.
- Device for beating pulps in the form of a web between two beating surfaces, where rolls (2, 3, 2', 3', 10, 11, 12) are provided as beating elements and the rolls can be pressed against one another, characterised by the pulp being fed by a separate web guide (8, 9) to a point directly in front of the beating zone (7) formed by the rolls.
- Device according to Claim 6, characterised by the rolls (2, 3, 2', 3') being driven at the same speed.
- Device according to Claim 6 or 7, characterised by the rolls (2, 3, 2', 3', 10, 11, 12) being operated at the same surface speed.
- Device according to one of Claims 6 to 8, characterised by the rolls (2, 3, 2', 3', 10, 11, 12) being operated at the same surface speed, but having different rotation speeds.
- Device according to one of Claims 6 to 9, characterised by roll pairs (2, 3 and 2', 3', respectively) being provided with an extended beating gap.
- Device according to Claim 10, characterised by the roll(s) having a shoe-type support in order to create the extended beating gap.
- Device according to Claim 10, characterised by the roll(s) having a beam-type support in order to create the extended gap.
- Device according to one of Claims 6 to 12, characterised by the rolls (2, 3, 2', 3', 10, 11, 12) having spikes.
- Device according to one of Claims 6 to 12, characterised by the rolls (2, 3, 2', 3', 10, 11, 12) having fluting or grooves.
- Device according to Claim 14, characterised by the fluting or grooves running in circumferential direction.
- Device according to Claim 15, characterised by the fluting or grooves running at an angle to the roll axis.
- Device according to one of Claims 14 to 16, characterised by the fluting or grooves engaging one another.
- Device according to one of Claims 14 to 17, characterised by the fluting or grooves being trapezoidal in shape.
- Device according to one of Claims 14 to 18, characterised by the base of the fluting or grooves having dewatering recesses.
- Device according to one of Claims 6 to 19, characterised by the roll surface having a pre-defined roughness.
- Device according to one of Claims 6 to 20, characterised the pulp being fed to the beating machine directly from a thickener.
- Device according to one of Claims 6 to 21, characterised by a moving weave (13, 13') of wire or rubber being provided.
- Device according to Claim 22, characterised by the moving weave (13, 13') of wire or rubber being wrapped round at least one roll (2).
- Device according to Claim 22, characterised by the moving weave (13, 13') of wire or rubber being guided over deflection rolls (14, 14') and being pressure-loaded against at least one roll (2, 2', 2", 2"').
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AT4772003 | 2003-03-26 | ||
AT0047703A AT412483B (en) | 2003-03-26 | 2003-03-26 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MOORING FIBROUS MATERIALS |
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EP1462566A3 EP1462566A3 (en) | 2004-10-13 |
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EP2278065A1 (en) | 2009-07-24 | 2011-01-26 | Stichting Dienst Landbouwkundig Onderzoek | Pulp refiner and method for processing fibrous pulp material |
AU2020204874A1 (en) * | 2019-01-05 | 2021-07-29 | Comre IP Pty Ltd | Apparatus, system and method for comminution |
CN111841738B (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2022-07-08 | 内蒙古九鹏建设有限公司 | Construction waste treatment device |
CN113546741B (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2022-09-16 | 北京养心堂化妆品有限公司 | A plant essential oil extraction equipment for cosmetics |
CN113713904B (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2022-10-04 | 湖南尔旭智造科技有限公司 | A dry powder mortar grinder for water based paint processing |
CN114192227A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-03-18 | 湖南博邦农林科技股份有限公司 | Critical extraction process method and equipment for deep processing of tea oil |
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DE443537C (en) * | 1924-01-25 | 1927-04-30 | Ulrich Kirchner | Hollaender grinding utensils for paper pulp |
FR773591A (en) * | 1933-06-09 | 1934-11-21 | Neyret Beylier Atel | Process for grinding, refining and hydration of fibers |
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US2890493A (en) * | 1953-11-25 | 1959-06-16 | Fibrofelt Corp | Method and means for defibering materials |
DE1006250C2 (en) * | 1954-06-16 | 1957-09-19 | Ernst Unger | Milling device for the preparation of paper fibers |
US3310244A (en) * | 1965-03-18 | 1967-03-21 | Abington Textile Mach Works | Load cell for crushing rolls |
US3454970A (en) * | 1965-09-22 | 1969-07-15 | Lionel M Sutherland | Apparatus and process for washing a pulp web |
DE3132210A1 (en) * | 1981-08-14 | 1983-03-03 | Draiswerke Gmbh, 6800 Mannheim | "ROLLING MILL FOR THE CRUSHING OF LIQUIDS" |
FI73472C (en) * | 1984-04-03 | 1991-01-01 | Kevytrakenne Oy | Karda. |
US4826555A (en) * | 1986-02-28 | 1989-05-02 | Miply Equipment, Inc. | Method and apparatus for compressing a self-supported web |
US4953795A (en) * | 1988-10-24 | 1990-09-04 | Beloit Corporation | Wood chip cracking apparatus |
JPH0779968B2 (en) * | 1992-04-17 | 1995-08-30 | 巴工業株式会社 | Method for pulverizing plant fiber raw material and pressure roll device used for the method |
FI942616A (en) * | 1994-06-03 | 1995-12-04 | Valmet Corp | Paper web pre-press |
US5475903A (en) * | 1994-09-19 | 1995-12-19 | American Nonwovens Corporation | Composite nonwoven fabric and method |
DE19631638A1 (en) * | 1996-08-05 | 1998-02-12 | Voith Sulzer Papiermasch Gmbh | Press arrangement |
DE19652545B4 (en) * | 1996-12-17 | 2006-03-23 | Voith Sulzer Papiermaschinen Gmbh | Press roll for treating web-shaped goods |
AT404946B (en) * | 1997-07-01 | 1999-03-25 | Andritz Patentverwaltung | DEVICE FOR DRAINING SOLID-LIQUID SUSPENSIONS, IN PARTICULAR FIBER-SUSPENSIONS |
FI20010721A (en) * | 2001-04-06 | 2002-10-07 | Metso Paper Inc | Tape for a press roll and a press concept |
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NO20041083L (en) | 2004-09-27 |
ATA4772003A (en) | 2004-08-15 |
BRPI0400779A (en) | 2005-01-11 |
CA2460252A1 (en) | 2004-09-26 |
EP1462566A3 (en) | 2004-10-13 |
CN1534135A (en) | 2004-10-06 |
CN100591844C (en) | 2010-02-24 |
US20040251338A1 (en) | 2004-12-16 |
CA2460252C (en) | 2012-01-03 |
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