EP1457643B1 - Electronic safety system to avoid an over speed condition due to a shaft failure - Google Patents

Electronic safety system to avoid an over speed condition due to a shaft failure Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1457643B1
EP1457643B1 EP04090043A EP04090043A EP1457643B1 EP 1457643 B1 EP1457643 B1 EP 1457643B1 EP 04090043 A EP04090043 A EP 04090043A EP 04090043 A EP04090043 A EP 04090043A EP 1457643 B1 EP1457643 B1 EP 1457643B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shaft
light guide
safety system
measuring
accordance
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EP04090043A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1457643A2 (en
EP1457643A3 (en
Inventor
Detlef Rensch
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Rolls Royce Deutschland Ltd and Co KG
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Rolls Royce Deutschland Ltd and Co KG
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Publication of EP1457643A3 publication Critical patent/EP1457643A3/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
    • F01D21/04—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for responsive to undesired position of rotor relative to stator or to breaking-off of a part of the rotor, e.g. indicating such position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
    • F01D21/04—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for responsive to undesired position of rotor relative to stator or to breaking-off of a part of the rotor, e.g. indicating such position
    • F01D21/045—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for responsive to undesired position of rotor relative to stator or to breaking-off of a part of the rotor, e.g. indicating such position special arrangements in stators or in rotors dealing with breaking-off of part of rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
    • F05D2270/09—Purpose of the control system to cope with emergencies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
    • F05D2270/09—Purpose of the control system to cope with emergencies
    • F05D2270/091—Purpose of the control system to cope with emergencies in particular sudden load loss
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
    • F05D2300/614—Fibres or filaments

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electronic safety system for preventing an overspeed state in a shaft break by detecting the shaft break and then interrupting the further power supply, in a gas turbine engine.
  • the known electro-optical sensor for detecting axial deviations of the turbine of a gas turbine engine from the normal position comprises a pair of optical fibers, which are connected via a fragile element arranged near the rotor. By an axial displacement of the rotor from its normal position, the fragile component is destroyed, thereby breaking the connection with an electronics, so that a signal for indicating a fault is output.
  • inductive sensors are arranged on the drive side (turbine rotor) and driven side (fan) toothed turbine shaft, each generating a number of pulses counted corresponding speed proportional signal.
  • a magnetic fuel valve is actuated and the fuel supply is interrupted, so that the turbine rotor can not be driven further.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a safety system for detecting a shaft fracture and to interrupt the further supply of energy to the drive end of the shaft, which works reliably and wear with low assembly, design and space requirements and ensures short shutdown.
  • the essence of the invention consists in the fixed assignment of a light guide to the circumference of the shaft to be monitored, in the longitudinal direction and with this rotating, as well as connected to a wave break separation of the light guide and the corresponding interruption of the forwarding of the in this way as a measuring element serving light guide at its entrance side light supplied.
  • This interruption is detected by a sensor at the other end of the measuring light guide and transmitted via an evaluation and control electronics used as a signal for the shutdown of the drive power supply.
  • the safety system formed on this basis does not require any cooling devices in the case of the possible external arrangement of the required optical sensors and light sources. Only a small number of simple components is necessary. The assembly, repair and maintenance costs are correspondingly low. Due to the speed of light and the associated rapid detection of a shaft break, short turn-off times for the power supply can be realized.
  • a plurality of measuring optical fibers may be provided, which may also be returned as a loop to the light entrance side.
  • the light source and the sensors can be arranged directly upstream of the measuring optical fiber (s) or can be arranged externally (using additional optical fibers for the supply and removal of the light).
  • the inlet side of the measuring optical fibers can be arranged axially centrally or offset from the center.
  • the light emission can take place in the axial or radial direction and be detected.
  • the additional light guide or the light source for the supply of light may be annular in order to supply light from only one light source to a plurality of measuring light guides arranged in a circular line.
  • the fixed assignment of the measuring light guide to the shaft to be monitored and thus the rotation of the measuring light guide is realized together with the shaft by a coaxial with the shaft, at both ends connected to this measuring sleeve.
  • the measuring sleeve is also destroyed, thereby severing the measuring light guide. That's because of Missing light line through the measuring optical fiber at the optical transmitter registered signal is used after appropriate evaluation in the transmitter to control a shutdown mechanism for the drive side of the shaft.
  • the measuring sleeve consists of an inner tube and an outer tube.
  • the inner tube extending in the longitudinal direction retaining grooves for receiving the measuring optical fibers, so that in a connected to a shaft breakage of the measuring sleeve and the measuring optical fiber is severed immediately.
  • the outer tube whose strength is higher than that of the inner tube, serves to support the measuring optical fiber / s and the inner tube.
  • the measuring sleeve 4 consists of an inner tube 7 and an outer tube 8, which are closed at both end faces in each case by a bottom plate 9a, b and 10a, b.
  • the inner tube 7 In the outer peripheral surface of the inner tube 7 are two opposite, extending in the longitudinal direction of the measuring sleeve 4 retaining grooves 11, 12, in which a measuring optical fiber 13 - is flush with the surface of the inner tube 7 - inserted.
  • the outer tube (support tube) 8 supports the measuring optical fiber 13 against the high centrifugal forces to the outside and fixes it radially in the retaining grooves 11, 12.
  • the measuring optical fiber 13 is thus embedded in the peripheral wall of the measuring sleeve 4.
  • the outer tube 8, which serves to accommodate the centrifugal forces and the centering of the measuring sleeve 4, has a strength corresponding to the prevailing force effects.
  • the inner tube 7, which functions as a predetermined breaking tube consists of a less strong, easily breaking material.
  • the measuring optical fiber 13 starting from a central input bore 14 in the rear floor panel 9a, first between the two rear floor panels 9a and 10a, then in the lower retaining groove 12, then between the two front floor panels 9b and 10b and finally back to the exit side in the upper retaining groove 11 to terminate in an exit bore 15 at the outer edge of the rear floor panel 9a.
  • the light source 18 and the optical sensor 19 may also be arranged directly behind the input or output bores 14, 15 for the measuring optical waveguide 13, in which case corresponding cooling devices may be provided have to.
  • the optical sensor 19 is connected to evaluation electronics 20 and an electronic controller 21, via which a fuel shut-off valve 22 integrated in the fuel supply is actuated on the basis of the signals received by the optical sensor 19.
  • first additional light guide 16 About the light emitting end of the centrally located input bore 14 lying light supply cable (first additional light guide 16) light is constantly passed through the measuring light guide 13 and received as a repetitive light pulse due to the rotation of the measuring sleeve 4 at the light exit side (output hole 15) .
  • the measuring sleeve 4 which is connected at both ends to the latter and otherwise arranged with play in the low-pressure turbine shaft 1, preferably breaks down its inner tube 7, which has a low strength (predetermined breaking tube). Due to the fixation of the measuring light guide 13 in the retaining groove 11, 12 this is also severed quickly and the light beam interrupted.
  • the light supply interruption registered by the optical sensor 19 serves as a signal to the transmitter 20 and the electronic controller 21 to indicate a rupture of the shaft and to stop the supply of fuel to the fuel shut-off valve 22 so as not to further accelerate the low-pressure turbine shaft 1 and resulting from an overspeed restrict or prevent dangerous consequences.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
  • Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
  • Optical Transform (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein elektronisches Sicherheitssystem zur Vermeidung eines Überdrehzahlzustandes bei einem Wellenbruch durch Detektion des Wellenbruchs und anschließendes Unterbrechen der weiteren Energiezufuhr, bei einem Gasturbinen-Triebwerk.The invention relates to an electronic safety system for preventing an overspeed state in a shaft break by detecting the shaft break and then interrupting the further power supply, in a gas turbine engine.

Beim Bruch einer Welle, die eine Antriebsseite und eine Abtriebsseite, das heißt eine Energie erzeugende und eine Energie verbrauchende Seite hat, besteht grundsätzlich das Problem, dass in einem solchen Fall die Antriebsseite wegen der fehlenden Energieabnahme auf der Abtriebsseite stark beschleunigt wird und dadurch erhebliche Gefahren für Menschen und Material entstehen können. Ein derartiger Überdrehzahlzustand ist besonders dort äußerst problematisch, wo die betreffende Welle Teil eines mit Gasturbinen-Triebwerken angetriebenen Flugzeugs ist. Bei einem Flugzeugtriebwerk stellen insbesondere der Bruch der Niederdruckturbinenwelle und die daraus folgende unkontrollierte Erhöhung der Drehzahl der mit dem Niederdruckturbinenrotor verbundenen Antriebsseite der Niederdruckturbinenwelle, die zu einer Zerstörung des Triebwerks und zu einer Beschädigung des Flugzeugs führen kann, ein erhebliches Gefahrenpotential für Menschen und Sachwerte dar.In the case of breakage of a shaft having a driving side and a driven side, that is, an energy generating side and an energy consuming side, there is basically a problem that, in such a case, the driving side is greatly accelerated because of the lack of power takeoff on the driven side, thereby posing significant risks can arise for people and material. Such an overspeed condition is particularly problematic where the particular shaft is part of an aircraft powered by gas turbine engines. In an aircraft engine in particular, the breakage of the low-pressure turbine shaft and the consequent uncontrolled increase in the speed of the low-pressure turbine rotor connected to the drive side of the low-pressure turbine shaft, which can lead to destruction of the engine and damage to the aircraft, a significant risk potential for people and property represents.

Bei Gasturbinen, speziell Gasturbinen-Triebwerken, sind verschiedene Vorrichtungen zum mechanischen oder elektronischen Erfassen eines Wellenbruchs und einer daraufhin ausgelösten Unterbrechung der weiteren Kraftstoffzufuhr zur Vermeidung oder Begrenzung eines gefährlichen Überdrehzahlzustandes bekannt.In gas turbines, especially gas turbine engines, various devices are known for mechanically or electronically detecting a shaft fracture and subsequently causing an interruption of the further fuel supply to avoid or limit a dangerous overspeed condition.

Aus der DE 197 27 296 ist eine Einrichtung zur Notabschaltung einer Gasturbine mit einer Schaltvorrichtung bekannt, über die ein Stellglied zum Schließen der Brennstoffleitung aktiviert wird, wenn infolge einer Überdruckzahl der Turbine eine unzulässige Axialverschiebung der Turbinenwelle auftritt.From the DE 197 27 296 a device for emergency shutdown of a gas turbine with a switching device is known, via which an actuator is activated to close the fuel line when an unacceptable axial displacement of the turbine shaft occurs as a result of an excess pressure of the turbine.

Ein aus der US 5,411,364 bekannter elektrooptischer Sensor zur Erfassung axialer Abweichungen der Turbine eines Gasturbinentriebwerks von der Normalposition umfasst ein Paar Lichtwellenleiter, die über ein nahe dem Rotor angeordnetes zerbrechliches Element verbunden sind. Durch eine Axialverschiebung des Rotors aus seiner Normalposition wird das zerbrechliche Bauteil zerstört und dadurch die Verbindung mit einer Elektronik unterbrochen, so dass ein Signal zur Anzeige einer Störung ausgegeben wird.One from the US 5,411,364 The known electro-optical sensor for detecting axial deviations of the turbine of a gas turbine engine from the normal position comprises a pair of optical fibers, which are connected via a fragile element arranged near the rotor. By an axial displacement of the rotor from its normal position, the fragile component is destroyed, thereby breaking the connection with an electronics, so that a signal for indicating a fault is output.

Bei einem in der US 47 12 372 beschriebenen Sicherheitssystem sind an der antriebsseitig (Turbinenrotor) und abtriebsseitig (Fan) gezahnten Turbinenwelle jeweils induktive Sensoren angeordnet, die jeweils ein der Anzahl der gezählten Impulse entsprechendes drehzahlproportionales Signal erzeugen. Im Falle einer Drehzahldifferenz durch eine höhere Geschwindigkeit des antriebsseitigen Teils der Welle und eines dadurch festgestellten Wellenbruchs wird ein magnetisches Kraftstoffventil angesteuert und die Kraftstoffzufuhr unterbrochen, so dass der Turbinenrotor nicht weiter angetrieben werden kann.At one in the US 47 12 372 described safety system respectively inductive sensors are arranged on the drive side (turbine rotor) and driven side (fan) toothed turbine shaft, each generating a number of pulses counted corresponding speed proportional signal. In the case of a speed difference due to a higher speed of the drive-side part of the shaft and a shaft fracture thereby detected, a magnetic fuel valve is actuated and the fuel supply is interrupted, so that the turbine rotor can not be driven further.

Die bei Gasturbinen-Triebwerken bekannten elektronischen Sicherheitssysteme sind ganz allgemein insofern nachteilig, als der Zeitablauf bis zum Abschalten der Kraftstoffzufuhr relativ lang ist und daraus höhere Festigkeitsanforderungen an die Niederdruckturbinenschaufeln, verbunden mit einem höheren Gewicht und höheren Kosten, resultieren. Ein hoher Aufwand ist weiterhin durch die erforderliche Kühlung bzw. Hitzeabschirmung der im Heißbereich der Niederdruckturbinenwelle liegenden Sensorik und der elektrischen Verbindungen bedingt.The electronic safety systems known in gas turbine engines are quite generally disadvantageous in that the timing to shutdown the fuel supply is relatively long and results in higher strength requirements for the low pressure turbine blades associated with higher weight and higher costs. A high cost is further due to the required cooling or heat shielding lying in the hot region of the low-pressure turbine shaft sensors and electrical connections.

Darüber hinaus sind auch mechanische Abschaltsysteme mit einer der Turbinenwelle koaxial zugeordneten, an deren abtriebsseitigem Ende befestigten Referenzwelle beschrieben. Im Falle eines Wellenbruchs wird die dadurch bedingte Verdrehung der Turbinenwelle relativ zur Referenzwelle zur mechanischen Einwirkung auf das Kraftstoffventil genutzt. Bei einer bekannten Vorrichtung dieser Art sind am antriebs-seitigen Ende der Turbinenwelle und dem entsprechenden Ende der Referenzwelle versetzt angeordnete Aussparungen vorgesehen, die bei einem Wellenbruch zur Deckung kommen und dadurch einen vorgespannten Mitnehmer freigeben. Der radial ausschwenkende Mitnehmer greift in die Drahtschlinge eines Drahtseils ein, das mit dem Kraftstoff-Absperrventil verbunden ist und durch den von dem Mitnehmer der Niederdruckwelle auf das Drahtseil ausgeübten Zug geschlossen wird.In addition, mechanical switch-off systems are also described with a reference shaft which is assigned coaxially to the turbine shaft and fastened to its output end. In the case of a shaft break, the resulting rotation of the turbine shaft is used relative to the reference shaft for mechanical action on the fuel valve. In a known device of this type are on the drive side End of the turbine shaft and the corresponding end of the reference shaft staggered recesses provided which come at a shaft break to cover and thereby release a prestressed driver. The radially pivoting driver engages the wire loop of a wire rope which is connected to the fuel shut-off valve and is closed by the train exerted by the driver of the low-pressure wave on the wire rope train.

Da der erforderliche Verdrehwinkel zwischen Turbinen- und Referenzwelle bis zum Ausschwenken des vorgespannten Mitnehmers relativ groß ist, ist auch der Zeitraum bis zum Absperren der Kraftstoffzufuhr relativ lang. Zudem ist bei den mechanischen Systemen der Konstruktions- und Montageaufwand sowie der Platzbedarf hoch.Since the required angle of rotation between the turbine and reference shaft is relatively large until the pretensioned driver is swiveled out, the time until the fuel supply is shut off is also relatively long. In addition, in the mechanical systems, the construction and assembly costs and the space required is high.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Sicherheitssystem zum Erkennen eines Wellenbruchs und zur Unterbrechung der weiteren Zufuhr von Energie zum antriebsseitigen Ende der Welle anzugeben, das bei geringem Montage-, Konstruktions- und Platzaufwand zuverlässig und verschleißarm arbeitet und kurze Abschaltzeiten gewährleistet.The invention has for its object to provide a safety system for detecting a shaft fracture and to interrupt the further supply of energy to the drive end of the shaft, which works reliably and wear with low assembly, design and space requirements and ensures short shutdown.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe mit einem gemäß den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 ausgebildeten Sicherheitssystem gelöst. Aus den Unteransprüchen ergeben sich weitere Merkmale und vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung.According to the invention the object is achieved with a trained according to the features of claim 1 security system. From the dependent claims, further features and advantageous developments of the invention.

Das Wesen der Erfindung besteht in der festen Zuordnung eines Lichtleiters zum Umfang der zu überwachenden Welle, und zwar in deren Längsrichtung und mit dieser rotierend, sowie der mit einem Wellenbruch verbundenen Durchtrennung des Lichtleiters und der entsprechenden Unterbrechung der Weiterleitung des dem auf diese Art als Messelement dienenden Lichtleiter an seiner Eintrittsseite zugeführten Lichts. Diese Unterbrechung wird am anderen Ende des Mess-Lichtleiters von einem Sensor erfasst und über eine Auswerte- und Steuerelektronik als Signal für die Abschaltung der Antriebsenergiezufuhr genutzt.The essence of the invention consists in the fixed assignment of a light guide to the circumference of the shaft to be monitored, in the longitudinal direction and with this rotating, as well as connected to a wave break separation of the light guide and the corresponding interruption of the forwarding of the in this way as a measuring element serving light guide at its entrance side light supplied. This interruption is detected by a sensor at the other end of the measuring light guide and transmitted via an evaluation and control electronics used as a signal for the shutdown of the drive power supply.

Das auf dieser Basis ausgebildete Sicherheitssystem benötigt bei der hier möglichen externen Anordnung der erforderlichen optischen Sensoren und Lichtquellen keine Kühleinrichtungen. Es ist nur eine geringe Anzahl an zudem einfachen Bauteilen notwendig. Der Montage-, Reparatur- und Wartungsaufwand ist dementsprechend gering. Aufgrund der Lichtgeschwindigkeit und der damit verbundenen schnellen Detektion eines Wellenbruchs können kurze Abschaltzeiten für die Energiezufuhr realisiert werden.The safety system formed on this basis does not require any cooling devices in the case of the possible external arrangement of the required optical sensors and light sources. Only a small number of simple components is necessary. The assembly, repair and maintenance costs are correspondingly low. Due to the speed of light and the associated rapid detection of a shaft break, short turn-off times for the power supply can be realized.

In weiterer Ausbildung der Erfindung können mehrere Mess-Lichtleiter vorgesehen sein, die auch als Schleife zur Lichteintrittsseite zurückgeführt sein können.In a further embodiment of the invention, a plurality of measuring optical fibers may be provided, which may also be returned as a loop to the light entrance side.

Die Lichtquelle und die Sensorik können dem/n Mess-Lichtleiter/n unmittelbar vorgeschaltet oder - unter Verwendung zusätzlicher Lichtleiter zur Zuführung und Wegführung des Lichts - extern angeordnet sein.The light source and the sensors can be arranged directly upstream of the measuring optical fiber (s) or can be arranged externally (using additional optical fibers for the supply and removal of the light).

Die Eintrittseite der Mess-Lichtleiter kann axial zentrisch oder versetzt zur Mitte angeordnet sein. Der Lichtaustritt kann in axialer oder radialer Richtung erfolgen und erfasst werden. Der Zusatzlichtleiter oder die Lichtquelle zur Zuführung von Licht können ringförmig ausgebildet sein, um mehreren in einer Kreislinie angeordneten Mess-Lichtleitern Licht von nur einer Lichtquelle zuzuführen.The inlet side of the measuring optical fibers can be arranged axially centrally or offset from the center. The light emission can take place in the axial or radial direction and be detected. The additional light guide or the light source for the supply of light may be annular in order to supply light from only one light source to a plurality of measuring light guides arranged in a circular line.

Gemäß einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung wird die feste Zuordnung des Mess-Lichtleiters zu der zu überwachenden Welle und damit die Rotation des Mess-Lichtleiters zusammen mit der Welle durch eine koaxial zur Welle angeordnete, an beiden Enden mit dieser verbundene Messhülse realisiert. Bei einem Wellenbruch wird auch die Messhülse zerstört und dadurch der Mess-Lichtleiter durchtrennt. Das aufgrund der fehlenden Lichtleitung durch den Mess-Lichtleiter am optischen Sender registrierte Signal dient nach entsprechender Auswertung in der Auswerteelektronik zur Steuerung eines Abschaltmechanismus für die Antriebsseite der Welle.According to a further feature of the invention, the fixed assignment of the measuring light guide to the shaft to be monitored and thus the rotation of the measuring light guide is realized together with the shaft by a coaxial with the shaft, at both ends connected to this measuring sleeve. In the event of a shaft break, the measuring sleeve is also destroyed, thereby severing the measuring light guide. That's because of Missing light line through the measuring optical fiber at the optical transmitter registered signal is used after appropriate evaluation in the transmitter to control a shutdown mechanism for the drive side of the shaft.

In weiterer Ausbildung der Erfindung besteht die Messhülse aus einem Innenrohr und einem Außenrohr. In dem Innenrohr befinden sich in Längsrichtung verlaufende Haltenuten zur Aufnahme der Mess-Lichtleiter, so dass bei einem mit einem Wellenbruch verbundenen Bruch der Messhülse auch der Mess-Lichtleiter sofort durchtrennt wird. Das Außenrohr, dessen Festigkeit höher als die des Innenrohrs ist, dient zur Abstützung der/des Mess-Lichtleiter/s und des Innenrohrs.In a further embodiment of the invention, the measuring sleeve consists of an inner tube and an outer tube. In the inner tube extending in the longitudinal direction retaining grooves for receiving the measuring optical fibers, so that in a connected to a shaft breakage of the measuring sleeve and the measuring optical fiber is severed immediately. The outer tube, whose strength is higher than that of the inner tube, serves to support the measuring optical fiber / s and the inner tube.

Eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird anhand der Zeichnung am Beispiel der Niederdruckturbinenwelle eines mit flüssigem Kraftstoff als Energieträger versorgten Gasturbinen-Triebwerks näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Schnittansicht des hinteren, antriebsseitigen Endes einer hinsichtlich eines Wellenbruches zu überwachenden Niederdruckturbinenwelle, an dem der Niederdruckturbinenrotor angebracht ist;
Fig. 2
eine Schnittansicht des vorderen, abtriebsseitigen Endes der Niederdruckturbinenwelle, mit dem der Fan eines Gasturbinen-Triebwerks verbunden ist; und
Fig. 3
eine Schnittansicht längs der Linie AA in Fig. 1.
An embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing using the example of the low-pressure turbine shaft supplied with a liquid fuel as an energy source gas turbine engine. Show it:
Fig. 1
a sectional view of the rear, drive-side end of a wave break to monitor low-pressure turbine shaft to which the low-pressure turbine rotor is mounted;
Fig. 2
a sectional view of the front, output side end of the low-pressure turbine shaft to which the fan of a gas turbine engine is connected; and
Fig. 3
a sectional view taken along the line AA in Fig. 1 ,

An der Niederdruckturbinenwelle 1 ist, wie in den Figuren 1 und 3 lediglich angedeutet, auf der Antriebsseite der Niederdruckturbinenrotor 2 und auf der Abtriebsseite der Fan 3 (Verdichter) angebracht. Im Innern der Niederdruckturbinenwelle 1 befindet sich eine koaxial angeordnete Messhülse 4, die an beiden Enden durch Befestigungselemente 5, 6 sowohl in Umfangsrichtung als auch in axialer Richtung fest an der Niederdruckturbinenwelle 1 gehalten ist und damit deren Drehbewegung mitmacht. Die Messhülse 4 besteht aus einem Innenrohr 7 und einem Außenrohr 8, die an beiden Stirnseiten jeweils durch eine Bodenplatte 9a,b und 10a,b verschlossen sind. In der Außenumfangsfläche des Innenrohres 7 befinden sich zwei gegenüberliegende, in Längsrichtung der Messhülse 4 verlaufende Haltenuten 11, 12, in die ein Mess-Lichtleiter 13 - mit der Oberfläche des Innenrohres 7 bündig abschließend - eingelegt ist. Das Außenrohr (Stützrohr) 8 stützt den Mess-Lichtleiter 13 entgegen den hohen Fliehkräften nach außen ab und fixiert diesen radial in den Haltenuten 11, 12. Der Mess-Lichtleiter 13 ist somit in die Umfangswand der Messhülse 4 eingebettet. Das Außenrohr 8, das der Aufnahme der Fliehkräfte und der Zentrierung der Messhülse 4 dient, weist eine den herrschenden Kraftwirkungen entsprechende Festigkeit auf. Das als Sollbruchrohr fungierende Innenrohr 7 besteht hingegen aus einem weniger festen, leicht brechenden Werkstoff. In der vorliegenden Ausführungsform verläuft der Mess-Lichtleiter 13, ausgehend von einer zentrischen Eingangsbohrung 14 in der hinteren Bodenplatte 9a, zunächst zwischen den beiden hinteren Bodenplatten 9a und 10a, dann in der unteren Haltenut 12, anschließend zwischen den beiden vorderen Bodenplatten 9b und 10b und schließlich zurück zur Ausgangsseite in der oberen Haltenut 11, um in einer Ausgangsbohrung 15 am Außenrand der hinteren Bodenplatte 9a zu enden. An den Anfang (Eingangsbohrung 14) und das Ende (Ausgangsbohrung 15) des mit der Messhülse 4 rotierenden Mess-Lichtleiters 13 schließen sich im Abstand ein erster Zusatzlichtleiter (Lichtzuführungskabel) 16 mit extern angeschlossener Lichtquelle 18 und ein zweiter Zusatzlichtleiter (Lichtwegführungskabel) 17 mit extern angeschlossenem optischen Sensor 19 an. Die Lichtquelle 18 und der optische Sensor 19 können auch unmittelbar hinter der Eingangs- bzw. Ausgangsbohrung 14, 15 für den Mess-Lichtleiter 13 angeordnet sein, wobei in diesem Fall entsprechende Kühlvorrichtungen vorgesehen sein müssen. Der optische Sensor 19 ist mit einer Auswerteelektronik 20 und einer elektronischen Steuerung 21 verbunden, über die ein in die Kraftstoffzuführung eingebundenes Kraftstoff-Absperrventil 22 auf der Grundlage der von dem optischen Sensor 19 empfangenen Signale angesteuert wird.At the low-pressure turbine shaft 1, as in the FIGS. 1 and 3 merely indicated, mounted on the drive side of the low-pressure turbine rotor 2 and on the output side of the fan 3 (compressor). Inside the low-pressure turbine shaft 1 is a coaxially arranged measuring sleeve 4, both at both ends by fasteners 5, 6 is held in the circumferential direction and in the axial direction fixed to the low-pressure turbine shaft 1 and thus participates in the rotational movement. The measuring sleeve 4 consists of an inner tube 7 and an outer tube 8, which are closed at both end faces in each case by a bottom plate 9a, b and 10a, b. In the outer peripheral surface of the inner tube 7 are two opposite, extending in the longitudinal direction of the measuring sleeve 4 retaining grooves 11, 12, in which a measuring optical fiber 13 - is flush with the surface of the inner tube 7 - inserted. The outer tube (support tube) 8 supports the measuring optical fiber 13 against the high centrifugal forces to the outside and fixes it radially in the retaining grooves 11, 12. The measuring optical fiber 13 is thus embedded in the peripheral wall of the measuring sleeve 4. The outer tube 8, which serves to accommodate the centrifugal forces and the centering of the measuring sleeve 4, has a strength corresponding to the prevailing force effects. On the other hand, the inner tube 7, which functions as a predetermined breaking tube, consists of a less strong, easily breaking material. In the present embodiment, the measuring optical fiber 13, starting from a central input bore 14 in the rear floor panel 9a, first between the two rear floor panels 9a and 10a, then in the lower retaining groove 12, then between the two front floor panels 9b and 10b and finally back to the exit side in the upper retaining groove 11 to terminate in an exit bore 15 at the outer edge of the rear floor panel 9a. At the beginning (input hole 14) and the end (output hole 15) of the measuring fiber 4 rotating measuring optical fiber 13 close at a distance a first additional optical fiber (light supply cable) 16 with externally connected light source 18 and a second auxiliary light guide (Lichtwegführungskabel) 17 with external connected optical sensor 19 at. The light source 18 and the optical sensor 19 may also be arranged directly behind the input or output bores 14, 15 for the measuring optical waveguide 13, in which case corresponding cooling devices may be provided have to. The optical sensor 19 is connected to evaluation electronics 20 and an electronic controller 21, via which a fuel shut-off valve 22 integrated in the fuel supply is actuated on the basis of the signals received by the optical sensor 19.

Die Funktion des zuvor beschriebenen Sicherheitssystems ist folgende:The function of the security system described above is as follows:

Über das mit seinem Licht emittierenden Ende vor der zentral angeordneten Eingangsbohrung 14 liegende Lichtzuführungskabel (erster Zusatzlichtleiter 16) wird ständig Licht durch den Mess-Lichtleiter 13 geleitet und aufgrund der Umdrehung der Messhülse 4 an der Lichtaustrittsseite (Ausgangsbohrung 15) als sich ständig wiederholender Lichtimpuls empfangen. Bei einem Bruch der Niederdruckturbinenwelle 1 bricht auch die an beiden Enden mit dieser verbundene, ansonsten mit Spiel in der Niederdruckturbinenwelle 1 angeordnete Messhülse 4 und bevorzugt deren eine geringe Festigkeit aufweisendes Innenrohr 7 (Sollbruchrohr). Aufgrund der Fixierung des Mess-Lichtleiters 13 in der Haltenut 11, 12 wird dieses ebenfalls schnell durchtrennt und der Lichtstrahl unterbrochen. Die vom optischen Sensor 19 registrierte Unterbrechung der Lichtzufuhr dient als Signal für die Auswerteelektronik 20 und die elektronische Steuerung 21 zur Anzeige eines Wellenbruchs und zur Unterbrechung der Kraftstoffzufuhr am Kraftstoff-Absperrventil 22, um die Niederdruckturbinenwelle 1 nicht weiter zu beschleunigen und die aus einer Überdrehzahl resultierenden gefährlichen Folgen einzuschränken bzw. zu verhindern.About the light emitting end of the centrally located input bore 14 lying light supply cable (first additional light guide 16) light is constantly passed through the measuring light guide 13 and received as a repetitive light pulse due to the rotation of the measuring sleeve 4 at the light exit side (output hole 15) , In the event of breakage of the low-pressure turbine shaft 1, the measuring sleeve 4, which is connected at both ends to the latter and otherwise arranged with play in the low-pressure turbine shaft 1, preferably breaks down its inner tube 7, which has a low strength (predetermined breaking tube). Due to the fixation of the measuring light guide 13 in the retaining groove 11, 12 this is also severed quickly and the light beam interrupted. The light supply interruption registered by the optical sensor 19 serves as a signal to the transmitter 20 and the electronic controller 21 to indicate a rupture of the shaft and to stop the supply of fuel to the fuel shut-off valve 22 so as not to further accelerate the low-pressure turbine shaft 1 and resulting from an overspeed restrict or prevent dangerous consequences.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Niederdruckturbinenwelle, WelleLow pressure turbine shaft, shaft
22
Niederdruckturbinenrotor, AntriebsseiteLow-pressure turbine rotor, drive side
33
Fan (Verdichter), AbtriebsseiteFan (compressor), output side
44
Messhülsemeasuring sleeve
5, 65, 6
Befestigungselementefasteners
77
Innenrohr v. 4, (Sollbruchrohr)Inner tube v. 4, (break pipe)
88th
Außenrohr v. 4, (Stützrohr)Outer tube v. 4, (support tube)
9a, 10a9a, 10a
hintere Bodenplatten v. 4rear floor panels v. 4
9b, 10b9b, 10b
vordere Bodenplatten v. 4front floor panels v. 4
11, 1211, 12
Haltenuten v. 7Retaining v. 7
1313
Mess-LichtleiterMeasuring light guide
1414
Eingangsbohrunginlet bore
1515
Ausgangsbohrungexit bore
1616
Zusatzlichtleiter (Lichtzuführung)Additional light guide (light supply)
1717
Zusatzlichtleiter (Lichtabführung)Additional light guide (light dissipation)
1818
Lichtquellelight source
1919
Optischer SensorOptical sensor
2020
Auswerteelektronikevaluation
2121
Elektronische SteuerungElectronic control
2222
Kraftstoff-AbsperrventilFuel shut-off valve

Claims (11)

  1. Electronic safety system in combination with a shaft for the avoidance of an overspeed condition in the event of a shaft failure by detection of the shaft failure and subsequent interruption of further energy supply, for application in a gas-turbine, characterized by at least one measuring light guide (13), which in the installed condition extends longitudinally to the shaft (1) and which is firmly associated to and co-rotates with the shaft (1), which is allocated to a light source (18) on the inlet side and an optical sensor (19) on an axial or radial light outlet side, with a rupture of the measuring light guide/s (13) connected to the shaft (1) caused by a shaft failure and the receipt of changed light signals at the optical sensor (19) being registered as shaft failure via an evaluation and control electronics (20, 21), thereby interrupting the energy supply to the driving side of the shaft (1) during the operation of the gas turbine.
  2. Safety system in accordance with Claim 1, characterized in that the light source (18) and the sensor (19) are immediately allocated to the light inlet side or the light outlet side, respectively, of the light guide (13).
  3. Safety system in accordance with Claim 1, characterized in that the light source (18) and the sensor (19) are externally arranged and are each allocated to the measuring light guide/s (13), which is/are coupled to the shaft (1), via auxiliary light guides (16, 17).
  4. Safety system in accordance with Claim 1, characterized in that the inlet side of the at least one measuring light guide (13) is situated in the axis of the shaft (1) while the measuring light guide/s (13) and its/their outlet side/s are arranged decentrally, analogically to the shaft circumference.
  5. Safety system in accordance with Claim 1, characterized in that the inlet side and the outlet side of the at least one measuring light guide (13) are arranged decentrally, analogically to the shaft circumference.
  6. Safety system in accordance with Claim 5, characterized in that an annular light guide or an annular light source is provided for supplying light to the light guides (13).
  7. Safety system in accordance with Claim 6, characterized in that the annular light guide is connected immediately to the measuring light guides (13).
  8. Safety system in accordance with Claim 1, characterized in that the at least one measuring light guide (13) is routed as a loop, with the inlet and outlet side being arranged on the same shaft end.
  9. Safety system in accordance with one of the Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a measuring sleeve (4) is allocated to the shaft (1) which is connected to the ends of the shaft (1) and on which or in which the at least one measuring light guide (13) is retained.
  10. Safety system in accordance with Claim 9, characterized in that the measuring sleeve (4) includes an inner tube (7) whose outer circumference is provided with at least one retaining groove (11, 12) which accommodates at least one measuring light guide (13) and an outer tube (8) which surrounds the inner tube (7) and retains the measuring light guide/s (13) radially and, in connection with the retaining groove, circumferentially.
  11. Safety system in accordance with Claim 10, characterized in that the inner tube (7) which acts as rupture tube is made of a low-strength material.
EP04090043A 2003-03-13 2004-02-11 Electronic safety system to avoid an over speed condition due to a shaft failure Expired - Fee Related EP1457643B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10310900 2003-03-13
DE10310900A DE10310900A1 (en) 2003-03-13 2003-03-13 Electronic safety system to avoid an overspeed condition in the event of a shaft break

Publications (3)

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EP1457643A2 EP1457643A2 (en) 2004-09-15
EP1457643A3 EP1457643A3 (en) 2007-03-21
EP1457643B1 true EP1457643B1 (en) 2009-07-08

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EP04090043A Expired - Fee Related EP1457643B1 (en) 2003-03-13 2004-02-11 Electronic safety system to avoid an over speed condition due to a shaft failure

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US (1) US7002172B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1457643B1 (en)
DE (2) DE10310900A1 (en)

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DE102004026366A1 (en) * 2004-05-29 2005-12-15 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh Device for detecting a shaft fracture on a gas turbine and gas turbine
DE102004033924A1 (en) * 2004-07-14 2006-02-09 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh Device for detecting a shaft fracture on a gas turbine and gas turbine
DE102004047892A1 (en) * 2004-10-01 2006-04-06 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh Gas turbine and method of shutting down a gas turbine upon identification of a shaft break
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US7536850B2 (en) * 2005-09-27 2009-05-26 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Emergency fuel shutoff system
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FR2907839B1 (en) * 2006-10-25 2011-06-17 Snecma METHOD FOR REDUCING SPEED IN CASE OF TURBINE SHAFT BREAKAGE OF GAS TURBINE ENGINE
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1457643A2 (en) 2004-09-15
US7002172B2 (en) 2006-02-21
US20050047913A1 (en) 2005-03-03
DE502004009705D1 (en) 2009-08-20
DE10310900A1 (en) 2004-09-23
EP1457643A3 (en) 2007-03-21

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