EP1450011A2 - Electromagnetic valve actuator for internal combustion engine and engine comprising such an actuator - Google Patents

Electromagnetic valve actuator for internal combustion engine and engine comprising such an actuator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1450011A2
EP1450011A2 EP04300049A EP04300049A EP1450011A2 EP 1450011 A2 EP1450011 A2 EP 1450011A2 EP 04300049 A EP04300049 A EP 04300049A EP 04300049 A EP04300049 A EP 04300049A EP 1450011 A2 EP1450011 A2 EP 1450011A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electromagnet
magnet
actuator
section
support
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04300049A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1450011A3 (en
EP1450011B1 (en
Inventor
Emmanuel Sedda
Christophe Fageon
Stéphane Guerin
Jean-Paul Yonnet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
PSA Automobiles SA
Original Assignee
Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA filed Critical Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA
Publication of EP1450011A2 publication Critical patent/EP1450011A2/en
Publication of EP1450011A3 publication Critical patent/EP1450011A3/en
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Publication of EP1450011B1 publication Critical patent/EP1450011B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
    • F01L9/21—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means actuated by solenoids
    • F01L2009/2132—Biasing means
    • F01L2009/2134—Helical springs
    • F01L2009/2136—Two opposed springs for intermediate resting position of the armature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
    • F01L9/21—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means actuated by solenoids
    • F01L2009/2146—Latching means
    • F01L2009/2148—Latching means using permanent magnet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
    • F01L9/21—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means actuated by solenoids
    • F01L2009/2151—Damping means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an actuator electromechanical valve control for combustion engine internal and to an internal combustion engine provided with such actuator.
  • An electromechanical actuator 100 (FIG. 1) of valve 110 includes mechanical means, such as springs 102 and 104, and electromagnetic means, such as electromagnets 106 and 108, to control the position of the valve 110 by means of electrical signals.
  • the tail of the valve 110 is applied against the rod 112 of a magnetic plate 114 located between the two electromagnets 106 and 108.
  • the simultaneous displacement of the rod 112 allows the spring 102 to place the valve 110 in the closed position, the head of the valve 110 coming against its seat 111 and preventing the gas exchanges between the inside and outside of the cylinder 117.
  • valve 110 alternates open positions or closed, called switched, with transient movements between these two positions. Thereafter, we will call “state switched” state of an open or closed valve.
  • the actuator 100 can be provided of magnets 118, located in the electromagnet 108, and 116, located in the electromagnet 106, intended to reduce energy necessary to maintain the tray 114 in a position switched.
  • each magnet is located between two sub-elements of the electromagnet with which it is associated so that its magnetic field, possibly combined with the field created by the electromagnet, strengthens the holding in the open or closed position of the valve. 110.
  • the magnet 116 is between two sub-elements 106 a and 106 b
  • electromagnet with polarized magnet or electromagnet requires significantly less of energy to control a valve, maintaining a valve in a switched position representing consumption significant energy for the actuator.
  • the present invention results from the observation that the actuator 100 has many drawbacks.
  • this actuator requires the use of two separate sub-elements 106a and 106b to form a electromagnet 106. Operations specific to manufacturing and storage of each of these sub-elements is therefore necessary, increasing the complexity and cost of manufacturing the actuator.
  • a new disadvantage lies in the difficulty of a possible replacement of a magnet 116 or 118. Indeed, it is necessary to disassemble the entire electromagnet 106 to replace a failed magnet 116.
  • the actuator 100 requires the use of a magnetic plate 114 of high mass due, in particular, to its large section Sp.
  • this section is generally equal to the section S e of the branches of the electromagnets to obtain optimal operation of the actuator, the branches of the support of the electromagnet and the plate forming a magnetic circuit of constant section.
  • actuator 100 requires springs high stiffness to move the large mass of the plate. Consequently, the sensitivity of the control exercised by the electromagnets on the plate by means of the current flowing in the coils is reduced, while the consumption required by the electromagnets to control the plate is increased.
  • springs of high stiffness causes, as a corollary, that these form, with the movable elements of the actuator 100, an oscillating device characterized by a switching delay substantially fixed by the stiffness k 102 and k 104 of the springs 102 and 104 and by the mass m d of the moving elements (plate 114, rod 112, movable mass of the springs 102 and 104, and valve 110).
  • the energy dissipated for example under the form of actuator operating noise due to impact of the plate on an electromagnet is generally increased by a increased mass of the plate. Now such an increase of energy dissipation causes energy efficiency weaker of the actuator.
  • the present invention remedies at least one of disadvantages mentioned above. It concerns an actuator electromechanical valve control for combustion engine internal including a magnet electromagnet and a plate mobile magnetic coming in the vicinity of the electromagnet, the magnet being located on a surface of the electromagnet opposite of the plate, characterized in that the electromagnet comprises an E-shaped magnetic circuit, and the magnet is located at the end of a branch of this E-shaped circuit
  • manufacture and assembly of a polarized electromagnet are easy since the magnet is fixed on the surface of this electromagnet while it is no longer necessary to use an electromagnet formed by several sub-elements, thus simplifying the manufacturing operations, logistics and assembly of the electromagnet.
  • this rod is external to the circuit at E.
  • different support branches are provided with a magnet.
  • At least one magnet is section above the branch section on which it is located.
  • the plate is of section lower than the section of the end branches of the support at E.
  • the section of a branch end of the support is less than half the cross section of the central branch of the support.
  • the section of the junction between an extreme branch of the support and the central branch of the support in E is less than half the section of the branch support center.
  • the invention also relates to a combustion engine internal including an electromechanical actuator for controlling valve fitted with a magnet electromagnet and a plate moving magnetic coming in the vicinity of the electromagnet.
  • the motor actuator conforms to one of the actuator embodiments described above.
  • FIG. 2 is shown an electromagnet 200 comprising three magnets 202, 204 and 206 located, in accordance with the invention, on the surface of the support 208 facing the actuator plate 210.
  • the magnets 202, 204 and 206 are located, respectively, on the central and extreme branches of the E-shaped support 208
  • the magnets are arranged according to their polarity so that their magnetic field strengthens the field magnetic created by the electromagnet 200 when the latter is active and attracts plateau 210.
  • the North Pole (N) of magnet 202 and the South poles (S) of magnets 204 and 206 are located towards the tray 210.
  • Such an electromagnet 200 therefore requires a support 208 E-shaped, conventionally used for actuators not polarized.
  • a magnet can be fixed to its support by gluing or overmolding.
  • the magnetization of the magnet can be realized after overmolding so as not to risk the demagnetization of the magnet during this overmolding.
  • the magnet can be in one piece ( Figure 9a) or formed by assembling small magnets 90 (FIG. 9b) juxtaposed.
  • Figure 9a when the magnet is conductive, which is the case with magnets rare earths, we reduce the intensity of the currents induced in the magnet during actuator operation, increasing thus the yield of the latter.
  • the magnet is composed of magnet powder and a binder. It then has a low resistivity which reduces the intensity of the currents induced during actuator operation.
  • FIG. 3 is shown a second electromagnet 300 such that a single magnet 302 is located at the surface of its support 304.
  • This support 304 can be machined so as to maintain a residual air gap between the magnet surface and the plate 310 when the latter comes into contact with the support, eliminating thus the shocks between the magnet 302 and the plate.
  • Such air gap, protecting the magnet, is all the more advantageous since the magnet is fragile, for example when it is made in earth rare.
  • the flux of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnet forms two symmetrical loops 306 joining in the central column 308.
  • the latter have a section S e equal to half of the section 2S c of the central column.
  • FIG. 4 is shown a third electromagnet 400, according to the invention, comprising a single central magnet 402 of section S a greater than the section S c of the magnetic circuit formed by the magnetic plate (not shown) and the branches of the support 404.
  • a third electromagnet 400 comprising a single central magnet 402 of section S a greater than the section S c of the magnetic circuit formed by the magnetic plate (not shown) and the branches of the support 404.
  • Such a magnet generates a stronger magnetic field than a smaller section magnet.
  • FIG. 5 is shown another variant of electromagnet 500 using a central magnet 502 of section S a greater than the section S c of the magnetic circuit.
  • This configuration makes it possible to increase the polarization flux created by the magnet, in particular in the plate (not shown) and in the end columns of the magnetic circuit.
  • low stiffness springs can be used to control a plateau of limited mass. Since then, electricity consumption is reduced.
  • control exerted on the plateau by the electromagnet by means of the field generated by a coil is increased since the control exerted by the springs is lowered in intensity.
  • Such an improvement in control allows, for example, to reduce the speed of impact of the plate on the electromagnet support.
  • the manufacturing cost of the tray is reduced while the size of the electromagnet is no longer imposed in height by the section of the magnet.
  • the magnetic plate has a section S p equal to this section S c of the magnetic circuit, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the concentration of the flux makes it possible to obtain important magnetizations in the air gap with use magnets with weak remanent induction, for example ferrite or in composite materials.
  • the outer branch may have a cross section less than a third of the section of the central branch (or column).
  • a support 704 ensuring the maintenance of an air gap between the magnet 702 and the plate 710 when the latter comes into contact with the support.
  • the present invention is susceptible of numerous variants. In fact, it may be possible to saturate magnetically the plate, by reducing its section, if the action suffered by the plate is sufficient to ensure its maintenance against the electromagnet.
  • magnets 1001 and 1002 can be placed on a surface of the mobile controlled 1004 tray by the electromagnet 1006.
  • the use of the invention allows use an inlet valve actuator separate from a exhaust valve actuator.
  • an intake valve actuator conforming to the invention is more efficient for maintaining the valve cold than a conventional actuator thanks to the optimized action of the magnet on the set.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)

Abstract

The actuator has an electromagnet (700) formed by a support (704) in the form of E. The electromagnet includes a magnet (702) situated in the branches of support. A mobile magnetic plate (710) comes in contact with the electromagnet. The magnet is located on a surface of the electromagnet with respect to the plate. The magnetic plate concentrates the flux of a magnetic field in the support. An independent claim is also included for an internal combustion engine comprising an electro-mechanical actuator for an inlet valve.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un actionneur électromécanique de commande de soupape pour moteur à combustion interne et à un moteur à combustion interne muni d'un tel actionneur.The present invention relates to an actuator electromechanical valve control for combustion engine internal and to an internal combustion engine provided with such actuator.

Un actionneur 100 électromécanique (figure 1) de soupape 110 comporte des moyens mécaniques, tels que des ressorts 102 et 104, et des moyens électromagnétiques, tels que des électroaimants 106 et 108, pour commander la position de la soupape 110 au moyen de signaux électriques.An electromechanical actuator 100 (FIG. 1) of valve 110 includes mechanical means, such as springs 102 and 104, and electromagnetic means, such as electromagnets 106 and 108, to control the position of the valve 110 by means of electrical signals.

A cet effet la queue de la soupape 110 est appliquée contre la tige 112 d'un plateau magnétique 114 situé entre les deux électroaimants 106 et 108.For this purpose the tail of the valve 110 is applied against the rod 112 of a magnetic plate 114 located between the two electromagnets 106 and 108.

Lorsqu'un courant circule dans la bobine 109 de l'électroaimant 108, ce dernier est activé et génère un champ magnétique attirant le plateau 114 qui vient à son contact.When a current flows in the coil 109 of electromagnet 108, the latter is activated and generates a field magnetic attracting the plate 114 which comes into contact with it.

Le déplacement simultané de la tige 112 permet au ressort 102 de placer la soupape 110 en position fermée, la tête de la soupape 110 venant contre son siège 111 et empêchant les échanges de gaz entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur du cylindre 117. The simultaneous displacement of the rod 112 allows the spring 102 to place the valve 110 in the closed position, the head of the valve 110 coming against its seat 111 and preventing the gas exchanges between the inside and outside of the cylinder 117.

De façon analogue (non représentée), lorsqu'un courant circule dans la bobine 107 de l'électroaimant 106, l'électroaimant 108 étant désactivé, ce dernier est activé et attire le plateau 114 qui vient à son contact et déplace la tige 112, à l'aide du ressort 104, de telle sorte que cette tige 112 agit sur la soupape 110 et place cette dernière en position ouverte, la tête de la soupape étant éloignée de son siège 111 pour permettre, par exemple, une admission ou une injection de gaz dans le cylindre 117.Similarly (not shown), when a current circulates in the coil 107 of the electromagnet 106, the electromagnet 108 being deactivated, the latter is activated and attracts the plate 114 which comes into contact with it and moves the rod 112, using the spring 104, so that this rod 112 acts on valve 110 and places the latter in position open, the valve head being far from its seat 111 to allow, for example, an admission or an injection of gas in cylinder 117.

Ainsi, la soupape 110 alterne des positions ouvertes ou fermées, dites commutées, avec des déplacements transitoires entre ces deux positions. Par la suite, on dénommera « état commuté » l'état d'une soupape ouverte ou fermée.Thus, the valve 110 alternates open positions or closed, called switched, with transient movements between these two positions. Thereafter, we will call "state switched "state of an open or closed valve.

Par ailleurs, l'actionneur 100 peut être muni d'aimants 118, situé dans l'électroaimant 108, et 116, situé dans l'électroaimant 106, destinés à réduire l'énergie nécessaire au maintien du plateau 114 dans une position commutée.Furthermore, the actuator 100 can be provided of magnets 118, located in the electromagnet 108, and 116, located in the electromagnet 106, intended to reduce energy necessary to maintain the tray 114 in a position switched.

A cet effet, chaque aimant est situé entre deux sous éléments de l'électroaimant auquel il est associé de façon à ce que son champ magnétique, éventuellement combiné au champ créé par l'électroaimant, renforce le maintien en position ouverte ou fermée de la soupape 110. Par exemple, l'aimant 116 est compris entre deux sous-éléments 106a et 106b For this purpose, each magnet is located between two sub-elements of the electromagnet with which it is associated so that its magnetic field, possibly combined with the field created by the electromagnet, strengthens the holding in the open or closed position of the valve. 110. For example, the magnet 116 is between two sub-elements 106 a and 106 b

Grâce à l'action de l'aimant sur le plateau magnétique, un tel électroaimant 106 ou 108, dit électroaimant à aimant ou électroaimant polarisé, requiert sensiblement moins d'énergie pour contrôler une soupape, le maintien d'une soupape dans une position commutée représentant une consommation importante d'énergie pour l'actionneur.Thanks to the action of the magnet on the plate magnetic, such an electromagnet 106 or 108, called electromagnet with polarized magnet or electromagnet, requires significantly less of energy to control a valve, maintaining a valve in a switched position representing consumption significant energy for the actuator.

La présente invention résulte de la constatation que l'actionneur 100 présente de nombreux inconvénients.The present invention results from the observation that the actuator 100 has many drawbacks.

De fait, cet actionneur requiert l'utilisation de deux sous-éléments 106a et 106b distincts pour former un électroaimant 106. Des opérations propres à la fabrication et au stockage de chacun de ces sous-éléments sont donc nécessaires, augmentant la complexité et le coût de fabrication de l'actionneur.In fact, this actuator requires the use of two separate sub-elements 106a and 106b to form a electromagnet 106. Operations specific to manufacturing and storage of each of these sub-elements is therefore necessary, increasing the complexity and cost of manufacturing the actuator.

De plus, l'opération d'assemblage de ces sous-éléments 106a et 106b avec l'aimant 116 augmente le coût et la complexité de fabrication de l'actionneur tandis que, lors de cet assemblage, les sous-éléments 106a et 106b et/ou l'aimant 116 risquent d'être mal assemblés ou détériorés, ce qui diminuerait la performance de l'électroaimant.In addition, the assembly operation of these sub-elements 106a and 106b with magnet 116 increases cost and complexity manufacturing the actuator while, during this assembly, the sub-elements 106a and 106b and / or the magnet 116 may be improperly assembled or damaged, which would decrease the performance of the electromagnet.

Un nouvel inconvénient réside dans la difficulté d'un éventuel remplacement d'un aimant 116 ou 118. En effet, il est nécessaire de démonter l'ensemble de l'électroaimant 106 pour remplacer un aimant 116 défaillant.A new disadvantage lies in the difficulty of a possible replacement of a magnet 116 or 118. Indeed, it is necessary to disassemble the entire electromagnet 106 to replace a failed magnet 116.

Un autre inconvénient est l'encombrement important que représente l'actionneur 100, notamment dû au fait que son hauteur h est imposée par la section Sa des aimants 116 et 118. De fait, cette section Sa est importante afin d'obtenir un flux magnétique élevé à partir de ces aimants.Another drawback is the large size that represents the actuator 100, in particular due to the fact that its height h is imposed by the section Sa of magnets 116 and 118. In fact, this Sa section is important in order to obtain a flow magnetic high from these magnets.

En outre, un tel actionneur présente des fuites importantes dues à la dispersion du flux magnétique dans les entrefers.In addition, such an actuator has leaks significant due to the dispersion of the magnetic flux in the air gaps.

Par ailleurs, l'actionneur 100 requiert l'utilisation d'un plateau 114 magnétique de masse élevée due, notamment, à sa section Sp importante. De fait, cette section est généralement égalée à la section Se des branches des électroaimants pour obtenir un fonctionnement optimal de l'actionneur, les branches du support de l'électroaimant et le plateau formant un circuit magnétique de section constante.Furthermore, the actuator 100 requires the use of a magnetic plate 114 of high mass due, in particular, to its large section Sp. In fact, this section is generally equal to the section S e of the branches of the electromagnets to obtain optimal operation of the actuator, the branches of the support of the electromagnet and the plate forming a magnetic circuit of constant section.

Cependant, l'utilisation d'un plateau 114 de section importante, et donc de masse élevée, présente de nombreux inconvénients décrits ci-dessus.However, the use of a plate 114 of section important, and therefore of high mass, presents many disadvantages described above.

Premièrement, l'actionneur 100 requiert des ressorts de raideur élevée pour déplacer la masse importante du plateau. Dès lors, la sensibilité du contrôle exercé par les électroaimants sur le plateau au moyen du courant circulant dans les bobines est réduite, tandis que la consommation requise par les électroaimants pour contrôler le plateau est accrue.First, actuator 100 requires springs high stiffness to move the large mass of the plate. Consequently, the sensitivity of the control exercised by the electromagnets on the plate by means of the current flowing in the coils is reduced, while the consumption required by the electromagnets to control the plate is increased.

L'utilisation de ressorts de raideurs élevées provoque, de façon corollaire, que ces derniers forment, avec les éléments mobiles de l'actionneur 100, un dispositif oscillant caractérisé par un délai de commutation sensiblement fixé par la raideur k102 et k104 des ressorts 102 et 104 et par la masse md des éléments en déplacement (plateau 114, tige 112, masse mobile des ressorts 102 et 104, et soupape 110).The use of springs of high stiffness causes, as a corollary, that these form, with the movable elements of the actuator 100, an oscillating device characterized by a switching delay substantially fixed by the stiffness k 102 and k 104 of the springs 102 and 104 and by the mass m d of the moving elements (plate 114, rod 112, movable mass of the springs 102 and 104, and valve 110).

Deuxièmement, l'énergie dissipée, par exemple sous la forme de bruit de fonctionnement de l'actionneur, due à l'impact du plateau sur un électroaimant est généralement accrue par une augmentation de la masse du plateau. Or une telle augmentation de la dissipation d'énergie provoque un rendement énergétique plus faible de l'actionneur.Second, the energy dissipated, for example under the form of actuator operating noise due to impact of the plate on an electromagnet is generally increased by a increased mass of the plate. Now such an increase of energy dissipation causes energy efficiency weaker of the actuator.

La présente invention remédie à au moins un des inconvénients mentionnés ci-dessus. Elle concerne un actionneur électromécanique de commande de soupape pour moteur à combustion interne comprenant un électroaimant à aimant et un plateau magnétique mobile venant au voisinage de l'électroaimant, l'aimant étant situé sur une surface de l'électroaimant en vis-à-vis du plateau, caractérisé en ce que l'électroaimant comporte un circuit magnétique en forme de E, et l'aimant est situé à l'extrémité d'une branche de ce circuit en forme de E.The present invention remedies at least one of disadvantages mentioned above. It concerns an actuator electromechanical valve control for combustion engine internal including a magnet electromagnet and a plate mobile magnetic coming in the vicinity of the electromagnet, the magnet being located on a surface of the electromagnet opposite of the plate, characterized in that the electromagnet comprises an E-shaped magnetic circuit, and the magnet is located at the end of a branch of this E-shaped circuit

Grâce à l'invention, la fabrication et l'assemblage d'un électroaimant polarisé sont aisés puisque l'aimant est fixé à la surface de cet électroaimant tandis qu'il n'est plus nécessaire d'utiliser un électroaimant formé par plusieurs sous-éléments, simplifiant ainsi les opérations de fabrication, logistique et assemblage de l'électroaimant.Thanks to the invention, manufacture and assembly of a polarized electromagnet are easy since the magnet is fixed on the surface of this electromagnet while it is no longer necessary to use an electromagnet formed by several sub-elements, thus simplifying the manufacturing operations, logistics and assembly of the electromagnet.

Selon une variante, une tige étant solidaire du plateau, cette tige est extérieure au circuit en E.According to a variant, a rod being integral with the tray, this rod is external to the circuit at E.

Dans ce cas, selon une réalisation, différentes branches de support sont munies d'un aimant. In this case, according to one embodiment, different support branches are provided with a magnet.

Selon une réalisation, au moins un aimant est de section supérieure à la section de la branche sur laquelle il est situé.According to one embodiment, at least one magnet is section above the branch section on which it is located.

Dans une réalisation, le plateau est de section inférieure à la section des branches extrêmes du support en E.In one embodiment, the plate is of section lower than the section of the end branches of the support at E.

Selon une réalisation, la section d'une branche extrême du support est inférieure à la moitié de la section de la branche centrale du support.According to one embodiment, the section of a branch end of the support is less than half the cross section of the central branch of the support.

Dans une réalisation, la section de la jonction entre une branche extrême du support et la branche centrale du support en E est inférieure à la moitié de la section de la branche centrale du support.In one embodiment, the section of the junction between an extreme branch of the support and the central branch of the support in E is less than half the section of the branch support center.

Par ailleurs, en fixant l'aimant sur le support de l'électroaimant, on accroít l'action de cet aimant sur le plateau par rapport à un aimant analogue incorporé dans le corps de l'électroaimant, c'est-à-dire plus distant du plateau.Furthermore, by fixing the magnet on the support of the electromagnet, we increase the action of this magnet on the plate relative to an analogous magnet incorporated in the body of the electromagnet, that is to say more distant from the plate.

L'invention se rapporte aussi à un moteur à combustion interne comprenant un actionneur électromécanique de commande de soupape muni d'un électroaimant à aimant et d'un plateau magnétique mobile venant au voisinage de l'électroaimant. Conformément à l'invention, l'actionneur du moteur est conforme à l'une des réalisations d'actionneur décrites ci-dessus.The invention also relates to a combustion engine internal including an electromechanical actuator for controlling valve fitted with a magnet electromagnet and a plate moving magnetic coming in the vicinity of the electromagnet. According to the invention, the motor actuator conforms to one of the actuator embodiments described above.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaítront avec la description de l'invention effectuée ci-dessous, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, en se référant aux figures ci-jointes sur lesquelles :

  • La figure 1, déjà décrite, représente un actionneur polarisé connu, et
  • Les figures 2 à 8 représentent des actionneurs à électroaimants polarisés conformes à l'invention,
  • Les figures 9a et 9b représentent différents aimants pouvant être utilisés conformément à l'invention, et
  • Les figures 10a, 10b et 10c représentent des variantes de l'invention.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear with the description of the invention carried out below, by way of nonlimiting example, with reference to the attached figures in which:
  • FIG. 1, already described, represents a known polarized actuator, and
  • FIGS. 2 to 8 represent actuators with polarized electromagnets according to the invention,
  • FIGS. 9a and 9b show different magnets which can be used in accordance with the invention, and
  • Figures 10a, 10b and 10c show variants of the invention.

Sur la figure 2 est représenté un électroaimant 200 comportant trois aimants 202, 204 et 206 situés, conformément à l'invention, sur la surface du support 208 en vis-à-vis du plateau 210 de l'actionneur.In Figure 2 is shown an electromagnet 200 comprising three magnets 202, 204 and 206 located, in accordance with the invention, on the surface of the support 208 facing the actuator plate 210.

Plus précisément, les aimants 202, 204 et 206 sont situés, respectivement, sur les branches centrale et extrêmes du support 208 en forme de E.More specifically, the magnets 202, 204 and 206 are located, respectively, on the central and extreme branches of the E-shaped support 208

Les aimants sont disposés en fonction de leur polarité de façon à ce que leur champ magnétique renforce le champ magnétique créé par l'électroaimant 200 lorsque ce dernier est actif et attire le plateau 210.The magnets are arranged according to their polarity so that their magnetic field strengthens the field magnetic created by the electromagnet 200 when the latter is active and attracts plateau 210.

Dans l'exemple donné, le pôle Nord (N) de l'aimant 202 et les pôles Sud (S) des aimants 204 et 206 sont situés vers le plateau 210.In the example given, the North Pole (N) of magnet 202 and the South poles (S) of magnets 204 and 206 are located towards the tray 210.

Un tel électroaimant 200 requiert donc un support 208 en forme de E, utilisé de façon classique pour des actionneurs non polarisés.Such an electromagnet 200 therefore requires a support 208 E-shaped, conventionally used for actuators not polarized.

De fait, la fabrication d'un tel support en E est aisée puisqu'il est formé d'un seul bloc. De même, la fixation sur le support 208 des aimants 202, 204 et 206 est simplifiée puisqu'elle ne requiert que le maintien de l'aimant sur une surface du support.In fact, the manufacture of such a support in E is easy since it is made of a single block. Likewise, fixing on the support 208 of the magnets 202, 204 and 206 is simplified since it only requires holding the magnet on a support surface.

A cet effet, il convient de souligner qu'un aimant peut être fixé à son support par collage ou surmoulage. Dans ce cas, l'aimantation de l'aimant peut être réalisée postérieurement au surmoulage de façon à ne pas risquer la démagnétisation de l'aimant lors de ce surmoulage.To this end, it should be emphasized that a magnet can be fixed to its support by gluing or overmolding. In this case, the magnetization of the magnet can be realized after overmolding so as not to risk the demagnetization of the magnet during this overmolding.

Il convient aussi d'indiquer que l'aimant peut être en une seule pièce (figure 9a) ou formé par l'assemblage de petits aimants 90 (figure 9b) juxtaposés. Dans ce dernier cas, lorsque l'aimant est conducteur, ce qui est le cas avec des aimants en terres rares, on réduit l'intensité des courants induits dans l'aimant lors du fonctionnement de l'actionneur, augmentant ainsi le rendement de ce dernier. It should also be noted that the magnet can be in one piece (Figure 9a) or formed by assembling small magnets 90 (FIG. 9b) juxtaposed. In the latter case, when the magnet is conductive, which is the case with magnets rare earths, we reduce the intensity of the currents induced in the magnet during actuator operation, increasing thus the yield of the latter.

Selon une autre variante, l'aimant est composé de poudre d'aimant et d'un liant. Il présente alors une faible résistivité qui réduit l'intensité des courants induits lors du fonctionnement de l'actionneur.According to another variant, the magnet is composed of magnet powder and a binder. It then has a low resistivity which reduces the intensity of the currents induced during actuator operation.

En maintenant un aimant à proximité du plateau magnétique, on réduit les fuites de son flux améliorant ainsi le fonctionnement de l'actionneur.By holding a magnet near the tray magnetic, we reduce the leakage of its flux thus improving operation of the actuator.

Sur la figure 3 est représenté un deuxième électroaimant 300 tel qu'un seul aimant 302 est situé à la surface de son support 304.In Figure 3 is shown a second electromagnet 300 such that a single magnet 302 is located at the surface of its support 304.

Ce support 304 peut être usiné de façon à maintenir un entrefer résiduel e entre la surface de l'aimant et le plateau 310 lorsque ce dernier vient au contact du support, éliminant ainsi les chocs entre l'aimant 302 et le plateau. Un tel entrefer, protégeant l'aimant, est d'autant plus avantageux que l'aimant est fragile, par exemple quand il est réalisé en terres rares.This support 304 can be machined so as to maintain a residual air gap between the magnet surface and the plate 310 when the latter comes into contact with the support, eliminating thus the shocks between the magnet 302 and the plate. Such air gap, protecting the magnet, is all the more advantageous since the magnet is fragile, for example when it is made in earth rare.

Comme représenté sur cette figure 3, le flux du champ magnétique généré par l'électroaimant forme deux boucles 306 symétriques se rejoignant dans la colonne centrale 308. De fait, pour atteindre un niveau de saturation identique en tout point du circuit magnétique formé par la colonne centrale 308 et par les deux extrémités 312 du support 304, ces dernières ont une section Se égale à la moitié de la section 2Sc de la colonne centrale.As represented in this FIG. 3, the flux of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnet forms two symmetrical loops 306 joining in the central column 308. In fact, to reach an identical level of saturation at any point of the magnetic circuit formed by the column central 308 and by the two ends 312 of the support 304, the latter have a section S e equal to half of the section 2S c of the central column.

Sur la figure 4 est représenté un troisième électroaimant 400, conforme à l'invention, comportant un unique aimant 402 central de section Sa supérieure à la section Sc du circuit magnétique formé par le plateau magnétique (non représenté) et les branches du support 404. Un tel aimant génère un champ magnétique plus important qu'un aimant de section plus faible.In Figure 4 is shown a third electromagnet 400, according to the invention, comprising a single central magnet 402 of section S a greater than the section S c of the magnetic circuit formed by the magnetic plate (not shown) and the branches of the support 404. Such a magnet generates a stronger magnetic field than a smaller section magnet.

Sur la figure 5 est représentée une autre variante d'électroaimant 500 utilisant un aimant 502 central de section Sa plus importante que la section Sc du circuit magnétique. Cette configuration permet d'augmenter le flux de polarisation créé par l'aimant, en particulier dans le plateau (non représenté) et dans les colonnes d'extrémités du circuit magnétique.In FIG. 5 is shown another variant of electromagnet 500 using a central magnet 502 of section S a greater than the section S c of the magnetic circuit. This configuration makes it possible to increase the polarization flux created by the magnet, in particular in the plate (not shown) and in the end columns of the magnetic circuit.

Il a été établi de façon empirique que, comme représenté sur la figure 8, une utilisation optimale de l'aimant requiert que le dépassement d de l'aimant 502 par rapport à la section Sc du circuit magnétique soit inférieur à l'épaisseur ea de l'aimant.It has been empirically established that, as shown in FIG. 8, optimal use of the magnet requires that the protrusion d of the magnet 502 with respect to the section S c of the magnetic circuit be less than the thickness e has magnet.

Lorsque l'induction rémanente d'un aimant est plus faible que l'induction à saturation du plateau magnétique, on peut réduire la section de ce dernier sans limiter la force d'attraction permanente exercée par le dispositif sur ce plateau.When the remanent induction of a magnet is more weak than the saturation induction of the magnetic plate, we can reduce the section of the latter without limiting the force of permanent attraction exerted by the device on this tray.

De façon empirique, une réduction d'un facteur 1,6 de l'épaisseur du plateau a été réalisée lorsque ce dernier présentait un seuil de saturation de 2 Tesla et qu'un aimant de champ rémanent égal à 1,2 Tesla était utilisé.Empirically, a 1.6-fold reduction in the thickness of the plate was made when the latter had a saturation threshold of 2 Tesla and a magnet of residual field equal to 1.2 Tesla was used.

Une telle réduction de la masse du plateau permet de réduire la masse déplacée lors des commutations de la soupape, ce qui présente de nombreux avantages.Such a reduction in the mass of the plate makes it possible to reduce the mass displaced during valve switching, which has many advantages.

Ainsi, la dissipation d'énergie engendrée par les chocs du plateau contre l'électroaimant est réduite, améliorant le rendement de l'actionneur.Thus, the dissipation of energy generated by the impact of the plate against the electromagnet is reduced, improving actuator performance.

De plus, des ressorts de faible raideur peuvent être utilisés pour contrôler un plateau de masse limitée. Dès lors, on diminue la consommation électrique.In addition, low stiffness springs can be used to control a plateau of limited mass. Since then, electricity consumption is reduced.

De façon corollaire, le contrôle exercé sur le plateau par l'électroaimant au moyen du champ généré par une bobine est augmentée puisque le contrôle exercé par les ressorts est abaissé en intensité. Une telle amélioration du contrôle permet, par exemple, de réduire la vitesse d'impact du plateau sur le support de l'électroaimant. As a corollary, the control exerted on the plateau by the electromagnet by means of the field generated by a coil is increased since the control exerted by the springs is lowered in intensity. Such an improvement in control allows, for example, to reduce the speed of impact of the plate on the electromagnet support.

Finalement, le coût de fabrication du plateau est réduit tandis que l'encombrement de l'électroaimant n'est plus imposé en hauteur par la section de l'aimant.Finally, the manufacturing cost of the tray is reduced while the size of the electromagnet is no longer imposed in height by the section of the magnet.

Les électroaimants représentés aux figures 2, 3, 4 et 5, en forme de E, forment un circuit magnétique comprenant une branche centrale, de section 2Sc, et deux branches extrêmes de section Sc.The electromagnets represented in FIGS. 2, 3, 4 and 5, in the shape of an E, form a magnetic circuit comprising a central branch, of section 2S c , and two extreme branches of section S c .

En outre, selon cet agencement optimal, le plateau magnétique a une section Sp égale à cette section Sc du circuit magnétique, comme représenté sur la figure 3.Furthermore, according to this optimal arrangement, the magnetic plate has a section S p equal to this section S c of the magnetic circuit, as shown in FIG. 3.

Cependant, on peut augmenter l'effort exercé par l'électroaimant polarisé sur le plateau en concentrant le flux magnétique généré par cet électroaimant. Par exemple, on peut réduire la section des branches 606 extrêmes du support 602 (figure 6) d'un électroaimant 600 à aimant 604.However, the effort exerted by the electromagnet polarized on the plate by concentrating the flux magnetic generated by this electromagnet. For example, we can reduce the section of the extreme branches 606 of the support 602 (Figure 6) of an electromagnet 600 with magnet 604.

En d'autres termes, en diminuant la section Se < Sc des extrémités alors que la section 2Sc de la branche centrale est maintenu, on accroít l'induction magnétique dans ces extrémités, une telle augmentation d'induction ne devant pas saturer les branches.In other words, by decreasing the section S e <S c of the ends while the section 2S c of the central branch is maintained, the magnetic induction in these ends is increased, such an increase in induction should not saturate Branches.

De façon empirique, il a été établi que l'induction rémanente d'un aimant, de l'ordre de 1,2 à 1,4 Tesla pour un aimant en Néodyme-Fer-Bore, était inférieure à l'induction en saturation des extrémités, de l'ordre de 2 Tesla.Empirically, it has been established that induction remanent of a magnet, of the order of 1.2 to 1.4 Tesla for a magnet in Neodymium-Iron-Boron, was less than induction in saturation of the extremities, of the order of 2 Tesla.

Dès lors, il a été possible de diminuer les sections des extrémités sans saturation de ces dernières.From then on, it was possible to decrease the sections ends without saturation of the latter.

La concentration du flux permet d'obtenir des aimantations importantes dans l'entrefer avec l'utilisation d'aimants à induction rémanente faible, par exemple en ferrite ou en matériaux composites.The concentration of the flux makes it possible to obtain important magnetizations in the air gap with use magnets with weak remanent induction, for example ferrite or in composite materials.

Lorsque des aimants Terres Rares sont utilisés, la branche extérieure peut avoir une section inférieure au tiers de la section de la branche (ou colonne) centrale.When Rare Earth magnets are used, the outer branch may have a cross section less than a third of the section of the central branch (or column).

Il convient de signaler que, de façon analogue, il est possible de concentrer le flux magnétique généré par l'électroaimant 600 en augmentant la section Sc de la branche centrale du support et/ou en diminuant la section Se des branches extrêmes 606.It should be noted that, similarly, it is possible to concentrate the magnetic flux generated by the electromagnet 600 by increasing the section S c of the central branch of the support and / or by reducing the section S e of the end branches 606.

Pour éviter les chocs entre le plateau 710 (figure 7) et l'aimant 702 de l'électroaimant 700, on peut utiliser un support 704 assurant le maintien d'un entrefer e entre l'aimant 702 et le plateau 710 lorsque ce dernier vient au contact du support.To avoid impacts between the plate 710 (figure 7) and the magnet 702 of the electromagnet 700, we can use a support 704 ensuring the maintenance of an air gap between the magnet 702 and the plate 710 when the latter comes into contact with the support.

De plus, comme montré aux figures 6 et 7, il est aussi possible de concentrer le flux du champ magnétique dans le support 704 en réduisant la section Se des branches extrêmes de l'électroaimant, cette section étant inférieure à la moitié de la section 2SC de la colonne centrale.In addition, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, it is also possible to concentrate the flux of the magnetic field in the support 704 by reducing the section S e of the end branches of the electromagnet, this section being less than half the section 2S C of the central column.

La présente invention est susceptible de nombreuses variantes. De fait, il peut être possible de saturer magnétiquement le plateau, en diminuant sa section, si l'action subie par le plateau est suffisante pour assurer son maintien contre l'électroaimant.The present invention is susceptible of numerous variants. In fact, it may be possible to saturate magnetically the plate, by reducing its section, if the action suffered by the plate is sufficient to ensure its maintenance against the electromagnet.

Suivant des variantes de l'invention représentée sur les figures 10a, 10b et 10c, des aimants 1001 et 1002 peuvent être disposés sur une surface du plateau 1004 mobile contrôlé par l'électroaimant 1006.According to variants of the invention represented on Figures 10a, 10b and 10c, magnets 1001 and 1002 can be placed on a surface of the mobile controlled 1004 tray by the electromagnet 1006.

Par ailleurs, l'utilisation de l'invention permet d'utiliser un actionneur de soupape d'admission distinct d'un actionneur de soupape d'échappement.Furthermore, the use of the invention allows use an inlet valve actuator separate from a exhaust valve actuator.

De fait, il est connu qu'une soupape d'admission requiert un actionneur de puissance moindre qu'une soupape d'échappement.In fact, it is known that an intake valve requires less power actuator than valve exhaust.

Néanmoins, le fonctionnement d'un actionneur de soupape d'admission à froid, c'est-à-dire pour les premières commutations, nécessite une puissance comparable à celle requise par un actionneur de soupape d'échappement car des problèmes de collage du plateau sur l'électroaimant rendent plus difficiles les premières commutations à froid. However, the operation of an actuator cold intake valve, i.e. for the first switching, requires a power comparable to that required by an exhaust valve actuator because of bonding of the plate on the electromagnet makes it more difficult the first cold switches.

Or, un actionneur de soupape d'admission conforme à l'invention est plus performant pour les maintiens de la soupape à froid qu'un actionneur classique grâce à l'action optimisé de l'aimant sur le plateau.However, an intake valve actuator conforming to the invention is more efficient for maintaining the valve cold than a conventional actuator thanks to the optimized action of the magnet on the set.

Dès lors, les dimensions d'un actionneur de soupape d'admission peuvent être réduites, ce qui entraíne un gain d'espace et de masse pour le moteur.Therefore, the dimensions of a valve actuator admission can be reduced, resulting in a gain space and mass for the engine.

Claims (8)

Actionneur électromécanique de commande de soupape pour moteur à combustion interne comprenant un électroaimant (200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 1006) à aimant (202, 204, 206, 302, 402,502, 702, 1001, 1002) et un plateau (210, 310, 610, 710) magnétique mobile venant au voisinage de l'électroaimant, l'aimant (202, 204, 206, 302, 402, 502, 702, 1001, 1002) étant situé sur une surface de l'électroaimant (200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 1006) en vis-à-vis du plateau (210, 310, 610, 710), caractérisé en ce que l'électroaimant (200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 1006) comporte un circuit magnétique (208, 304, 404, 602, 704) en forme de E, et l'aimant (202, 204, 206, 302, 402, 502, 702, 1001, 1002) est situé à l'extrémité d'une branche de ce circuit en forme de E.Electromechanical valve control actuator for an internal combustion engine comprising an electromagnet (200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 1006) with magnet (202, 204, 206, 302, 402.502, 702, 1001, 1002) and a movable magnetic plate (210, 310, 610, 710) coming in the vicinity of the electromagnet, the magnet (202, 204, 206, 302, 402, 502, 702, 1001, 1002) being located on a surface of the electromagnet (200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 1006) opposite the plate (210, 310, 610, 710), characterized in that the electromagnet (200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 1006) has an E-shaped magnetic circuit (208, 304, 404, 602, 704), and the magnet (202, 204, 206, 302, 402, 502, 702, 1001, 1002) is located at the end of a branch of this E-shaped circuit Actionneur selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce qu'une tige étant solidaire du plateau, cette tige est extérieure au circuit en E.Actuator according to claim 1 characterized in that a rod being integral with the plate, this rod is external to the circuit at E. Actionneur selon la revendication 1 ou 2 caractérisé en ce que plusieurs branches du circuit sont munies d'un aimant.Actuator according to claim 1 or 2 characterized in that several branches of the circuit are provided with a magnet. Actionneur selon la revendication 1, 2 ou 3 caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un aimant est de section (Sa) supérieure à la section (2Sc) de la branche sur laquelle il est situé.Actuator according to claim 1, 2 or 3 characterized in that at least one magnet is of section (S a ) greater than the section (2S c ) of the branch on which it is located. Actionneur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4 caractérisé en ce que le plateau (610) est de section (Sp) inférieure à la section (Se) des branches (606) extrêmes du support en E.Actuator according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the plate (610) is of section (S p ) less than the section (S e ) of the branches (606) of the end of the E support. Actionneur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5 caractérisé en ce que la section (Se) d'une branche extrême du support est inférieure à la moitié de la section (2Sc) de la branche centrale du support.Actuator according to one of claims 1 to 5 characterized in that the section (S e ) of an end branch of the support is less than half of the section (2S c ) of the central branch of the support. Actionneur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6 caractérisé en ce que la section (Se) de la jonction entre une branche extrême du support et la branche centrale du support en E est inférieure à la moitié de la section (2Sc) de la branche centrale du support.Actuator according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the section (S e ) of the junction between an end branch of the support and the central branch of the support at E is less than half the section (2S c ) of the central branch of the support. Moteur à combustion interne comprenant un actionneur électromécanique de commande de soupape muni d'un électroaimant à aimant et d'un plateau magnétique mobile venant au voisinage de l'électroaimant, caractérisé en ce que l'actionneur est conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 7.Internal combustion engine comprising an electromechanical valve control actuator provided with a magnet electromagnet and a movable magnetic plate coming in the vicinity of the electromagnet, characterized in that the actuator conforms to one of claims 1 to 7.
EP04300049A 2003-02-18 2004-01-27 Electromagnetic valve actuator for internal combustion engine and engine comprising such an actuator Expired - Lifetime EP1450011B1 (en)

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FR0301950A FR2851291B1 (en) 2003-02-18 2003-02-18 ELECTROMECHANICAL VALVE CONTROL ACTUATOR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AND INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE EQUIPPED WITH SUCH ACTUATOR

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EP1174595A1 (en) * 2000-07-18 2002-01-23 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA Valve actuator for internal combustion engine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2346436T3 (en) 2010-10-15
JP2004286021A (en) 2004-10-14
EP1450011A3 (en) 2008-12-24
FR2851291A1 (en) 2004-08-20
US7097150B2 (en) 2006-08-29
JP4622261B2 (en) 2011-02-02
DE602004027323D1 (en) 2010-07-08
EP1450011B1 (en) 2010-05-26
US20040217313A1 (en) 2004-11-04
ATE469289T1 (en) 2010-06-15
FR2851291B1 (en) 2006-12-08

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