EP1450009A2 - Electromagnetic actuator for valve drive in an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Electromagnetic actuator for valve drive in an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1450009A2
EP1450009A2 EP04300036A EP04300036A EP1450009A2 EP 1450009 A2 EP1450009 A2 EP 1450009A2 EP 04300036 A EP04300036 A EP 04300036A EP 04300036 A EP04300036 A EP 04300036A EP 1450009 A2 EP1450009 A2 EP 1450009A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electromagnet
plate
magnetic
valve
parameters
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04300036A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1450009A3 (en
EP1450009B1 (en
Inventor
Emmanuel Sedda
Christophe Fageon
Hamid Ben Ahmed
Michel Lecrivain
Mohamed Gabsi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
PSA Automobiles SA
Original Assignee
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA
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Publication of EP1450009A2 publication Critical patent/EP1450009A2/en
Publication of EP1450009A3 publication Critical patent/EP1450009A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1450009B1 publication Critical patent/EP1450009B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
    • F01L9/21—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means actuated by solenoids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
    • F01L9/21—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means actuated by solenoids
    • F01L2009/2105—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means actuated by solenoids comprising two or more coils
    • F01L2009/2107—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means actuated by solenoids comprising two or more coils being disposed coaxially to the armature shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
    • F01L9/21—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means actuated by solenoids
    • F01L2009/2132—Biasing means
    • F01L2009/2134—Helical springs
    • F01L2009/2136—Two opposed springs for intermediate resting position of the armature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
    • F01L9/21—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means actuated by solenoids
    • F01L2009/2151—Damping means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2820/00—Details on specific features characterising valve gear arrangements
    • F01L2820/01—Absolute values

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an actuator electromechanical valve control for combustion engine internal.
  • valve 110 which comprises mechanical means, such as springs 102 and 104, and electromagnetic means with two electromagnets 106 and 108, for control the position of valve 110 by means of signals electric.
  • the tail 113 of the valve 110 is applied against the rod 112 of a plate magnetic 114 located between the two electromagnets 106 and 108.
  • valve 110 alternates open positions or closed, called switched, with transient movements between these two positions. Thereafter, we will call “state switched” state of an open or closed valve.
  • the actuator 100 requires the use of a plate magnetic 114 of high mass due, in particular, to its thickness Sp important. This thickness is generally equal to the width Se of the branches of the electromagnets to obtain a optimal actuator operation. Indeed, the branches of the electromagnet and the plate thus form a circuit magnetic of constant section.
  • Figure 2 is a diagram showing the evolution of the effort electromagnetic (on the ordinate) as a function of the value of the air gap (on the abscissa).
  • the present invention overcomes the disadvantage mentioned above.
  • a valve actuator for a motor internal combustion comprising at least one electromagnet and one magnetic plate whose movement controls the movement of the valve which is characterized in that the parameters of the electromagnet and the plate are such that at least part of the magnetic circuit formed by the electromagnet and by the plateau is in a state of magnetic saturation when the magnetic plate is located near the electromagnet.
  • the parameters allowing to obtain the saturation of minus part of the magnetic circuit are in particular the parameters of the material constituting the plate or the electromagnet, and / or the shape, and / or the dimensions of this plate and / or electromagnet.
  • said parameters are such that the plateau (or electromagnet) is in a state of magnetic unsaturation when it is far from the electromagnet.
  • said parameters are such that the state of magnetic saturation, in particular of the plateau, is product for an air gap between 0 and at most 1 millimeter.
  • the invention relates generally to a valve actuator for internal combustion engine comprising at least one electromagnet and a magnetic plate whose movement controls the movement of the valve, which is characterized in that parameters of the electromagnet and plate are such that at least part of the magnetic circuit formed by the electromagnet and the plate is in a state of magnetic saturation when the magnetic plate is at proximity to the electromagnet.
  • said parameters are such that the magnetic circuit is in the state of magnetic unsaturation when it is far from the electromagnet.
  • the parameters are such that at least part of the circuit magnetic is in the state of magnetic saturation for a air gap between 0 and 1 millimeter maximum.
  • Parameters of the electromagnet and the plate include, according to one embodiment, parameters relating to the shape and / or dimensions and / or nature of the material (or materials) constituting the plate and the body of the electromagnet and / or the intensity of the current flowing through the solenoid coil.
  • the thickness of the plate is such that this plateau is magnetically saturated near the electromagnet.
  • the magnetic plate has for example at least a narrowed portion intended to be saturated when this tray is located near the electromagnet.
  • the material composing the plateau has a lower saturation threshold than that of material composing the body of the electromagnet.
  • the actuator comprises a regulator controlling the current in the electromagnet.
  • the invention also relates to a combustion engine. internal comprising at least one valve according to any one of the preceding claims.
  • the magnetic plate 114 present at its ends and at its center a thickness h of the same order of magnitude as the width Se of the end branches 140 and 142 of the magnetic circuit of the electromagnet 108 (or 106).
  • the plate has parts 144 and 146, of thickness h 'substantially smaller than the thickness h.
  • the magnetic plate 114 has a shape such that it constitutes a constriction for the magnetic flux 150 generated by the electromagnet 108, so as to concentrate it in these constrictions.
  • the magnetic flux 150 being conservative, the fact reducing the section of the tray 114 in places allows concentrate the magnetic induction in these parts 144 and 146 of thickness h '. So magnetic induction has a high value in the narrowed parts and so we can get a saturation of the material in these parts 144 and 146.
  • the magnetic plate 114 has a constant thickness h ′. We can thus saturate the entire magnetic plate. In addition, the mass of the plateau is even more reduced, which further reduces the energy dissipated, so the noise. In addition, with a reduced mass, the due to its low inertia, the platform can be accelerated better at the start of its race, when it is still far from the electromagnet which attracts it
  • the body of the electromagnet is as saturated when the air gap is small.
  • a regulation in combination with the invention This regulation will be facilitated by a better linearity of the force attraction, allowing easier control of the platform when it approaches the electromagnet.
  • curve 41 illustrates the variation of the force as a function of the value of the air gap for an actuator according to the invention, while the curve 42 corresponds to a conventional actuator.
  • Curve 41 is linearizes when approaching the electromagnet, when the air gap tends towards zero, while curve 42 increases so hyperbolic.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

The actuator has an electromagnet (108 1) and a magnetic plate (114 1) whose movement controls the movement of a valve of an internal combustion engine. The parameters of the magnetic circuit formed by the magnet and the plate enable a part of the circuit to be in a saturation state when the plate is at proximity of the electromagnet. The plate strangulates a conservative magnetic flux generated by the magnet. An independent claim is also included an internal combustion engine having a valve controlled by an actuator.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un actionneur électromécanique de commande de soupape pour moteur à combustion interne.The present invention relates to an actuator electromechanical valve control for combustion engine internal.

On a représenté sur la figure 1 un exemple d'actionneur électromécanique 100 de soupape 110 qui comporte des moyens mécaniques, tels que des ressorts 102 et 104, et des moyens électromagnétiques à deux électroaimants 106 et 108, pour commander la position de la soupape 110 au moyen de signaux électriques.There is shown in Figure 1 an example electromechanical actuator 100 of valve 110 which comprises mechanical means, such as springs 102 and 104, and electromagnetic means with two electromagnets 106 and 108, for control the position of valve 110 by means of signals electric.

A cet effet, dans l'exemple, la queue 113 de la soupape 110 est appliquée contre la tige 112 d'un plateau magnétique 114 situé entre les deux électroaimants 106 et 108.For this purpose, in the example, the tail 113 of the valve 110 is applied against the rod 112 of a plate magnetic 114 located between the two electromagnets 106 and 108.

Lorsqu'un courant circule dans la bobine 109 de l'électroaimant 108, ce dernier est activé et génère un champ magnétique attirant le plateau 114 qui vient à son contact.When a current flows in the coil 109 of electromagnet 108, the latter is activated and generates a field magnetic attracting the plate 114 which comes into contact with it.

Il en résulte un déplacement de la tige 112 qui s'éloigne de la tige 113, permettant au ressort 102 d'agir pour placer la soupape 110 en position fermée, la tête de la soupape 110 venant contre son siège 111 et empêchant les échanges de gaz entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur du cylindre 116. This results in a displacement of the rod 112 which moves away from the rod 113, allowing the spring 102 to act to place the valve 110 in the closed position, the valve head 110 coming against its seat 111 and preventing gas exchanges between inside and outside of cylinder 116.

De façon analogue, lorsque l'électroaimant 108 est désactivé, lorsqu'un courant circule dans la bobine 107 de l'électroaimant 106, ce dernier attire le plateau 114 qui vient à son contact et repousse la tige 112, à l'aide du ressort 104, contre la tige 113 de telle sorte que cette tige 112 agit sur la soupape 110 et place cette dernière en position ouverte, la tête de la soupape étant éloignée de son siège 111 pour permettre, par exemple, une admission ou une injection de gaz dans le cylindre 116.Similarly, when the electromagnet 108 is deactivated, when a current flows in the coil 107 of the electromagnet 106, the latter attracts the plate 114 which comes in contact with it and pushes back the rod 112, using the spring 104, against the rod 113 so that this rod 112 acts on the valve 110 and places it in the open position, the head the valve being moved away from its seat 111 to allow, for example, a gas intake or injection into the cylinder 116.

Ainsi, la soupape 110 alterne des positions ouvertes ou fermées, dites commutées, avec des déplacements transitoires entre ces deux positions. Par la suite, on dénommera « état commuté » l'état d'une soupape ouverte ou fermée.Thus, the valve 110 alternates open positions or closed, called switched, with transient movements between these two positions. Thereafter, we will call "state switched "state of an open or closed valve.

L'actionneur 100 nécessite l'utilisation d'un plateau magnétique 114 de masse élevée due, notamment, à son épaisseur Sp importante. Cette épaisseur est généralement égale à la largeur Se des branches des électroaimants pour obtenir un fonctionnement optimal de l'actionneur. En effet, les branches de l'électroaimant et le plateau forment ainsi un circuit magnétique de section constante.The actuator 100 requires the use of a plate magnetic 114 of high mass due, in particular, to its thickness Sp important. This thickness is generally equal to the width Se of the branches of the electromagnets to obtain a optimal actuator operation. Indeed, the branches of the electromagnet and the plate thus form a circuit magnetic of constant section.

Cependant, l'utilisation d'un plateau 114 de section importante, et donc de masse élevée, présente des inconvénients. En particulier, lors de la commutation de la soupape, l'impact du plateau magnétique contre le corps de l'électroaimant provoque une dissipation d'énergie importante sous forme de bruit, notamment en raison des vitesses importantes du plateau magnétique lors de l'impact. Cette énergie étant proportionnelle au carré de la vitesse du plateau, il est essentiel de réduire la vitesse de ce plateau au moment de l'impact.However, the use of a plate 114 of section significant, and therefore of high mass, has drawbacks. In particular, when switching the valve, the impact of the magnetic plate against the body of the electromagnet causes significant energy dissipation in the form of noise, especially due to the high speeds of the plateau magnetic upon impact. This energy being proportional squared the speed of the plateau, it is essential to reduce the speed of this plateau at the time of impact.

Mais comme la force électromagnétique augmente fortement quand le plateau s'approche de l'électroaimant, ce qui provoque une accélération élevée, il n'est pas aisé de réduire la vitesse au moment de l'impact. But as the electromagnetic force increases strongly when the plate approaches the electromagnet, which causes high acceleration, it is not easy to reduce speed at impact.

Pour cette réduction de vitesse, il est connu de réguler le courant circulant dans l'électroaimant pour contrôler le champ magnétique de ce dernier.For this speed reduction, it is known to regulate the current flowing in the electromagnet to control the magnetic field of the latter.

Cependant, un tel régulateur n'est pas aisé à réaliser parce que la force électromagnétique de l'électroaimant, appliquée sur le plateau magnétique à l'approche de l'électroaimant varie de manière non linéaire avec l'entrefer.However, such a regulator is not easy to achieve because the electromagnetic force of the electromagnet, applied to the magnetic plate when approaching the electromagnet varies non-linearly with the air gap.

Cette non linéarité est illustrée par la figure 2 qui est un diagramme montrant l'évolution de l'effort électromagnétique (en ordonnées) en fonction de la valeur de l'entrefer (en abscisses).This non-linearity is illustrated by Figure 2 which is a diagram showing the evolution of the effort electromagnetic (on the ordinate) as a function of the value of the air gap (on the abscissa).

La présente invention remédie à l'inconvénient mentionné ci-dessus.The present invention overcomes the disadvantage mentioned above.

Elle concerne un actionneur de soupape pour moteur à combustion interne comprenant au moins un électroaimant et un plateau magnétique dont le mouvement commande le déplacement de la soupape qui est caractérisé en ce que les paramètres de l'électroaimant et du plateau sont tels qu'au moins une partie du circuit magnétique formé par l'électroaimant et par le plateau est dans un état de saturation magnétique lorsque le plateau magnétique se trouve à proximité de l'électroaimant.It relates to a valve actuator for a motor internal combustion comprising at least one electromagnet and one magnetic plate whose movement controls the movement of the valve which is characterized in that the parameters of the electromagnet and the plate are such that at least part of the magnetic circuit formed by the electromagnet and by the plateau is in a state of magnetic saturation when the magnetic plate is located near the electromagnet.

Ainsi, grâce à cette saturation, la force d'attraction de l'électroaimant sur le plateau varie de façon quasi linéaire quand la valeur de l'entrefer s'approche de zéro, alors que dans les dispositifs connus, cette force d'attraction varie de façon hyperbolique. C'est cette variation quasi linéaire qui limite la vitesse d'impact du plateau contre le corps de l'électroaimant.So, thanks to this saturation, the force of attraction of the electromagnet on the plate varies almost linearly when the value of the air gap approaches zero, whereas in known devices, this attractive force varies so hyperbolic. It is this almost linear variation which limits the speed of impact of the plate against the body of the electromagnet.

Dans ces conditions, il n'est pas indispensable de faire appel à un circuit de régulation et, si un tel circuit est utilisé, celui-ci est d'une plus grande simplicité que les circuits connus.In these conditions, it is not essential to use a control circuit and, if such a circuit is used, it is more simple than known circuits.

Les paramètres permettant d'obtenir la saturation d'au moins une partie du circuit magnétique sont notamment les paramètres du matériau constituant le plateau ou l'électroaimant, et/ou la forme, et/ou les dimensions de ce plateau et/ou de l'électroaimant.The parameters allowing to obtain the saturation of minus part of the magnetic circuit are in particular the parameters of the material constituting the plate or the electromagnet, and / or the shape, and / or the dimensions of this plate and / or electromagnet.

De préférence, pour minimiser le temps de commutation (passage de l'état ouvert à l'état fermé de la soupape, et réciproquement), lesdits paramètres sont tels que le plateau (ou l'électroaimant) est dans un état de non saturation magnétique lorsqu'il se trouve éloigné de l'électroaimant.Preferably, to minimize the switching time (passage from the open state to the closed state of the valve, and reciprocally), said parameters are such that the plateau (or electromagnet) is in a state of magnetic unsaturation when it is far from the electromagnet.

Pour optimiser la maximisation de la vitesse au début de la course et la minimisation de la vitesse en approchant de l'électroaimant, de préférence lesdits paramètres sont tels que l'état de saturation magnétique, notamment du plateau, se produit pour un entrefer compris entre 0 et au plus 1 millimètre.To optimize speed maximization at the start of the race and minimizing the speed by approaching the electromagnet, preferably said parameters are such that the state of magnetic saturation, in particular of the plateau, is product for an air gap between 0 and at most 1 millimeter.

Ainsi, l'invention concerne de façon générale un actionneur de soupape pour moteur à combustion interne comprenant au moins un électroaimant et un plateau magnétique dont le mouvement commande le déplacement de la soupape, qui est caractérisé en ce que des paramètres de l'électroaimant et du plateau sont tels qu'au moins une partie du circuit magnétique formé par l'électroaimant et le plateau est dans un état de saturation magnétique lorsque le plateau magnétique se trouve à proximité de l'électroaimant.Thus, the invention relates generally to a valve actuator for internal combustion engine comprising at least one electromagnet and a magnetic plate whose movement controls the movement of the valve, which is characterized in that parameters of the electromagnet and plate are such that at least part of the magnetic circuit formed by the electromagnet and the plate is in a state of magnetic saturation when the magnetic plate is at proximity to the electromagnet.

De préférence, lesdits paramètres sont tels que le circuit magnétique est dans l'état de non saturation magnétique lorsqu'il se trouve éloigné de l'électroaimant. Par exemple les paramètres sont tels qu'au moins une partie du circuit magnétique est dans l'état de saturation magnétique pour un entrefer compris entre 0 et 1 millimètre au maximum.Preferably, said parameters are such that the magnetic circuit is in the state of magnetic unsaturation when it is far from the electromagnet. For example the parameters are such that at least part of the circuit magnetic is in the state of magnetic saturation for a air gap between 0 and 1 millimeter maximum.

Les paramètres de l'électroaimant et du plateau comprennent, selon une réalisation, des paramètres relatifs à la forme et/ou aux dimensions et/ou à la nature du matériau (ou des matériaux) constitutif(s) du plateau et du corps de l'électroaimant et/ou l'intensité du courant qui traverse la bobine de l'électroaimant. Parameters of the electromagnet and the plate include, according to one embodiment, parameters relating to the shape and / or dimensions and / or nature of the material (or materials) constituting the plate and the body of the electromagnet and / or the intensity of the current flowing through the solenoid coil.

Dans une réalisation, l'épaisseur du plateau est telle que ce plateau est saturé magnétiquement à proximité de l'électroaimant.In one embodiment, the thickness of the plate is such that this plateau is magnetically saturated near the electromagnet.

Le plateau magnétique présente par exemple au moins une partie rétrécie destinée à être saturée lorsque ce plateau se trouve à proximité de l'électroaimant.The magnetic plate has for example at least a narrowed portion intended to be saturated when this tray is located near the electromagnet.

Dans un mode de réalisation, le matériau composant le plateau présente un seuil de saturation plus faible que celui du matériau composant le corps de l'électroaimant.In one embodiment, the material composing the plateau has a lower saturation threshold than that of material composing the body of the electromagnet.

Dans une réalisation, l'actionneur comprend un régulateur contrôlant le courant dans l'électroaimant.In one embodiment, the actuator comprises a regulator controlling the current in the electromagnet.

L'invention concerne aussi un moteur à combustion interne comprenant au moins une soupape selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.The invention also relates to a combustion engine. internal comprising at least one valve according to any one of the preceding claims.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaítront avec la description de certains de ses modes de réalisation, celle-ci étant effectuée en se référant aux dessins ci-annexés sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1, déjà décrite, représente un actionneur connu,
  • la figure 2, déjà décrite, représente, pour un actionneur connu, la variation de l'effort magnétique de l'électroaimant sur le plateau en fonction de l'entrefer,
  • les figures 3a et 3b sont des vues en coupe d'un actionneur selon deux modes de réalisation de l'invention, et
  • la figure 4 est un diagramme analogue à celui de la figure 2 et montrant l'effort magnétique de l'électroaimant sur le plateau en fonction de l'entrefer pour un dispositif conforme à l'invention et pour un dispositif de l'art antérieur.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear with the description of some of its embodiments, this being carried out with reference to the attached drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1, already described, represents a known actuator,
  • FIG. 2, already described, represents, for a known actuator, the variation of the magnetic force of the electromagnet on the plate as a function of the air gap,
  • FIGS. 3a and 3b are sectional views of an actuator according to two embodiments of the invention, and
  • Figure 4 is a diagram similar to that of Figure 2 and showing the magnetic force of the electromagnet on the plate as a function of the air gap for a device according to the invention and for a device of the prior art.

Dans la réalisation montrée sur la figure 3a, le plateau magnétique 114, présente à ses extrémités et à son centre une épaisseur h du même ordre de grandeur que la largeur Se des branches d'extrémité 140 et 142 du circuit magnétique de l'électroaimant 108 (ou 106). In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3a, the magnetic plate 114, present at its ends and at its center a thickness h of the same order of magnitude as the width Se of the end branches 140 and 142 of the magnetic circuit of the electromagnet 108 (or 106).

Par contre, le plateau comporte des parties 144 et 146, d'épaisseur h' sensiblement plus réduite que l'épaisseur h. Ainsi, le plateau magnétique 114 a une forme telle qu'il constitue un étranglement pour le flux magnétique 150 généré par l'électroaimant 108, de manière à le concentrer dans ces étranglements. Le flux magnétique 150 étant conservatif, le fait de réduire la section du plateau 114 par endroits permet de concentrer l'induction magnétique dans ces parties 144 et 146 d'épaisseur h'. Ainsi l'induction magnétique a une valeur élevée dans les parties rétrécies et on peut donc obtenir une saturation du matériau dans ces parties 144 et 146.On the other hand, the plate has parts 144 and 146, of thickness h 'substantially smaller than the thickness h. Thus, the magnetic plate 114 has a shape such that it constitutes a constriction for the magnetic flux 150 generated by the electromagnet 108, so as to concentrate it in these constrictions. The magnetic flux 150 being conservative, the fact reducing the section of the tray 114 in places allows concentrate the magnetic induction in these parts 144 and 146 of thickness h '. So magnetic induction has a high value in the narrowed parts and so we can get a saturation of the material in these parts 144 and 146.

Lorsque le plateau magnétique 114 est éloigné de l'électroaimant actif, les fuites magnétiques sont importantes et une grande partie du champ magnétique ne passe plus dans le plateau mais dans l'air. Le flux magnétique dans le plateau est donc plus faible et le matériau n'est pas saturé.When the magnetic plate 114 is distant from active electromagnet, magnetic leaks are significant and a large part of the magnetic field no longer passes through the plateau but in the air. The magnetic flux in the tray is therefore weaker and the material is not saturated.

Lorsque le plateau magnétique est proche d'un électroaimant, le flux magnétique 150 traverse en grande partie le plateau et les parties rétrécies 144 et 146 sont saturées. Ainsi, quand le plateau s'approche de l'électroaimant, c'est-à-dire quand l'entrefer diminue, la force d'attraction magnétique n'augmente pas de façon hyperbolique comme dans un dispositif classique. En outre, elle est en partie compensée par celle d'un ressort correspondant au ressort 104 de la figure 1.When the magnetic plate is close to a electromagnet, magnetic flux 150 largely crosses the plate and the narrowed parts 144 and 146 are saturated. So when the plate approaches the electromagnet, that is to say when the air gap decreases, the magnetic attraction force does not increase hyperbolic as in a device classic. In addition, it is partially offset by that of a spring corresponding to spring 104 in FIG. 1.

En variante (figure 3b) le plateau magnétique 114, présente une épaisseur h' constante. On peut ainsi saturer la totalité du plateau magnétique. En outre, la masse du plateau est encore plus réduite, ce qui réduit encore l'énergie dissipée, donc le bruit. De plus, avec une masse réduite, le plateau peut, du fait de sa faible inertie, être mieux accéléré au début de sa course, lorsqu'il est encore éloigné de l'électroaimant qui l'attireAs a variant (FIG. 3b) the magnetic plate 114, has a constant thickness h ′. We can thus saturate the entire magnetic plate. In addition, the mass of the plateau is even more reduced, which further reduces the energy dissipated, so the noise. In addition, with a reduced mass, the due to its low inertia, the platform can be accelerated better at the start of its race, when it is still far from the electromagnet which attracts it

On peut aussi choisir des matériaux magnétiques composant l'électroaimant et le plateau qui soient différents, de manière que le seuil de saturation du plateau soit plus bas que celui de l'électroaimant.We can also choose magnetic materials component of the electromagnet and the plate which are different, so that the plateau saturation threshold is lower than that of the electromagnet.

Selon une variante, le corps de l'électroaimant est tel qu'il est saturé lorsque l'entrefer est faible.According to a variant, the body of the electromagnet is as saturated when the air gap is small.

Par exemple, on peut réduire la largeur des branches de l'électroaimant laissant ainsi plus de place pour le bobinage et permettant d'utiliser pour le bobinage des fils de diamètre plus élevé réduisant ainsi la résistance de l'électroaimant et donc sa consommation en courant.For example, we can reduce the width of the branches electromagnet leaving more room for winding and allowing the use of diameter wires for winding higher thereby reducing the resistance of the electromagnet and therefore its current consumption.

Selon un mode de réalisation, on utilise une régulation en combinaison avec l'invention. Cette régulation sera facilitée par une meilleure linéarité de la force d'attraction, ce qui permet un contrôle plus aisé du plateau lorsqu'il s'approche de l'électroaimant.According to one embodiment, a regulation in combination with the invention. This regulation will be facilitated by a better linearity of the force attraction, allowing easier control of the platform when it approaches the electromagnet.

Sur le diagramme de la figure 4, la courbe 41 illustre la variation de l'effort en fonction de la valeur de l'entrefer pour un actionneur conforme à l'invention, tandis que la courbe 42 correspond à un actionneur classique. La courbe 41 se linéarise à l'approche de l'électroaimant, lorsque l'entrefer tend vers zéro, alors que la courbe 42 augmente de manière hyperbolique.In the diagram in FIG. 4, curve 41 illustrates the variation of the force as a function of the value of the air gap for an actuator according to the invention, while the curve 42 corresponds to a conventional actuator. Curve 41 is linearizes when approaching the electromagnet, when the air gap tends towards zero, while curve 42 increases so hyperbolic.

On a constaté qu'avec l'invention on peut obtenir des vitesses d'impact du plateau contre l'électroaimant qui l'attire, qui sont inférieures à 0,1 m/s, tant pendant les phases d'ouverture que de fermeture de la soupape. Il ne se produit pas d'accélération du plateau mobile au voisinage de sa position de collage contre l'électroaimant.It has been found that with the invention it is possible to obtain impact speeds of the plate against the electromagnet which attracts it, which are less than 0.1 m / s, both during opening and closing phases of the valve. He does not produces no acceleration of the moving plate in the vicinity of its bonding position against the electromagnet.

Claims (8)

Actionneur de soupape pour moteur à combustion interne comprenant au moins un électroaimant (1061, 1081) et un plateau magnétique (1141) dont le mouvement commande le déplacement, de la soupape, caractérisé en ce que des paramètres de l'électroaimant et du plateau sont tels qu'au moins une partie du circuit magnétique formé par l'électroaimant et le plateau est dans un état de saturation magnétique lorsque le plateau magnétique se trouve à proximité de l'électroaimant, lesdits paramètres étant tels que le circuit magnétique est dans l'état de non saturation magnétique lorsqu'il se trouve éloigné de l'électroaimant.Valve actuator for an internal combustion engine comprising at least one electromagnet (106 1 , 108 1 ) and a magnetic plate (114 1 ) whose movement controls the movement of the valve, characterized in that parameters of the electromagnet and of the plate are such that at least part of the magnetic circuit formed by the electromagnet and the plate is in a state of magnetic saturation when the magnetic plate is near the electromagnet, said parameters being such that the magnetic circuit is in the state of magnetic unsaturation when it is distant from the electromagnet. Actionneur selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que lesdits paramètres sont tels qu'au moins une partie du circuit magnétique est dans l'état de saturation magnétique pour un entrefer compris entre 0 et 1 millimètre au maximum.Actuator according to claim 1 characterized in that said parameters are such that at least part of the magnetic circuit is in the state of magnetic saturation for an air gap of between 0 and 1 millimeter at most. Actionneur selon la revendication 1 ou 2 caractérisé en ce que les paramètres de l'électroaimant et du plateau comprennent des paramètres relatifs à la forme et/ou aux dimensions et/ou à la nature du matériau (ou des matériaux) constitutif(s) du plateau et du corps de l'électroaimant et/ou l'intensité du courant qui traverse la bobine de l'électroaimant.Actuator according to claim 1 or 2 characterized in that the parameters of the electromagnet and of the plate include parameters relating to the shape and / or dimensions and / or the nature of the material (or materials) constituting the plate and the body of the electromagnet and / or the intensity of the current which crosses the coil of the electromagnet. Actionneur selon la revendication 3 caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur du plateau est telle que ce plateau est saturé magnétiquement à proximité de l'électroaimant.Actuator according to claim 3 characterized in that the thickness of the plate is such that this plate is magnetically saturated near the electromagnet. Actionneur selon la revendication 3 caractérisé en ce que le plateau magnétique présente au moins une partie rétrécie (144, 146) destinée à être saturée lorsque ce plateau se trouve à proximité de l'électroaimant.Actuator according to claim 3 characterized in that the magnetic plate has at least one narrowed part (144, 146) intended to be saturated when this plate is near the electromagnet. Actionneur selon l'une des revendications 3 à 5 caractérisé en ce que le matériau composant le plateau présente un seuil de saturation plus faible que celui du matériau composant le corps de l'électroaimant. Actuator according to one of claims 3 to 5 characterized in that the material making up the plate has a lower saturation threshold than that of the material making up the body of the electromagnet. Actionneur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6 caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un régulateur contrôlant le courant dans l'électroaimant.Actuator according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises a regulator controlling the current in the electromagnet. Moteur à combustion interne comprenant au moins une soupape selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.Internal combustion engine comprising at least one valve according to any one of the preceding claims.
EP04300036A 2003-02-18 2004-01-22 Electromagnetic actuator for valve drive in an internal combustion engine Expired - Lifetime EP1450009B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0301948A FR2851290B1 (en) 2003-02-18 2003-02-18 ELECTROMECHANICAL VALVE CONTROL ACTUATOR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
FR0301948 2003-02-18

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EP1450009A2 true EP1450009A2 (en) 2004-08-25
EP1450009A3 EP1450009A3 (en) 2005-03-30
EP1450009B1 EP1450009B1 (en) 2011-07-27

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US (1) US7111595B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1450009B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE518048T1 (en)
ES (1) ES2365916T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2851290B1 (en)

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EP3358582A1 (en) * 2017-02-03 2018-08-08 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Reciprocating electromagnetic actuator with flux-balanced armature and stationary cores

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GB202005894D0 (en) * 2020-04-22 2020-06-03 Wastling Michael Fast-acting toggling armature uses centring spring

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1450009A3 (en) 2005-03-30
ATE518048T1 (en) 2011-08-15
US7111595B2 (en) 2006-09-26
EP1450009B1 (en) 2011-07-27
ES2365916T3 (en) 2011-10-13
FR2851290A1 (en) 2004-08-20
FR2851290B1 (en) 2007-02-09
US20050034690A1 (en) 2005-02-17

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