EP1417286B1 - Carbohydrate esters for using as lubricants - Google Patents

Carbohydrate esters for using as lubricants Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1417286B1
EP1417286B1 EP02767243A EP02767243A EP1417286B1 EP 1417286 B1 EP1417286 B1 EP 1417286B1 EP 02767243 A EP02767243 A EP 02767243A EP 02767243 A EP02767243 A EP 02767243A EP 1417286 B1 EP1417286 B1 EP 1417286B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
acid
sorbitol
esterified
carboxylic acid
mannitol
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EP02767243A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1417286A1 (en
Inventor
Markwart Kunz
Jörg Kowalczyk
Alireza Haji Begli
Rainer Kohlstrung
Manfred Harperscheid
Angela Kesseler
Rolf Luther
Theo Mang
Christian Puhl
Helena Wagner
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Suedzucker AG
Fuchs SE
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Suedzucker AG
Fuchs Petrolub SE
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M105/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/32Esters
    • C10M105/40Esters containing free hydroxy or carboxyl groups
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M105/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/32Esters
    • C10M105/38Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28Esters
    • C10M2207/283Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/2835Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28Esters
    • C10M2207/287Partial esters
    • C10M2207/2875Partial esters used as base material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/081Biodegradable compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/64Environmental friendly compositions
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C10N2040/046Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for traction drives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/06Instruments or other precision apparatus, e.g. damping fluids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/08Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/12Gas-turbines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/12Gas-turbines
    • C10N2040/13Aircraft turbines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/14Electric or magnetic purposes
    • C10N2040/16Dielectric; Insulating oil or insulators
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    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/14Electric or magnetic purposes
    • C10N2040/17Electric or magnetic purposes for electric contacts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20Metal working
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25Internal-combustion engines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/30Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/36Release agents or mold release agents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/10Semi-solids; greasy
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10N2070/00Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to compositions comprising mixtures of carboxylic acid esterified open-chain and cyclic molecules of the sugar alcohols D-sorbitol and D-mannitol, to processes for preparing these compositions and to the use of this composition as a lubricant or hydraulic oil.
  • lubricants In the Federal Republic of Germany about 1.15 million tons of lubricants are used annually. Of these, about 200,000 t are so-called process or process oils.
  • lubricants is used to summarize related products that consist predominantly of mineral oil or are fully or partially synthetic and are used for lubrication, but also as force and heat transfer media, dielectrics and process oils. The latter are primarily mineral oil products which are used in various industries as auxiliaries in processes, for example as indifferent solvents, swelling and separating agents, for the absorption of gases or for the binding of dust.
  • hydraulic fluids in Germany have a market volume of about 160,000 t, with about 40% attributable to mobile applications and about 60% to stationary applications.
  • Crude oil distillate fractions can be used to produce aging-resistant base oils, generally referred to as base or base liquids, which can be adapted to the respective requirements by refining.
  • base or base liquids which can be adapted to the respective requirements by refining.
  • Many properties of modern lubricating oils are achieved by adding active ingredients, the so-called additives, without which the current requirements for, for example, motor and gear oils could no longer be met.
  • additives without which the current requirements for, for example, motor and gear oils could no longer be met.
  • lubricants contain about 95% base fluid and about 5% chemical additives.
  • non-toxic lubricating oil formulations consist of an ester of a sugar and a fatty acid.
  • the polyol component of the polyester may comprise a sugar, sugar alcohol or a mixture thereof, wherein the polyol component may be both partially esterified and high in degree of esterification.
  • the nontoxic lubricating oil formulation described is intended in particular to find application in aggregates which are used in the agricultural and food industry or in the cosmetics or pharmaceutical industry.
  • the EP 0 572 198 A1 describes lubricating oil compositions, which are also used for machines for Production of food can be used.
  • the compositions comprise a mixture of a first ester of medium length saturated fatty acid with glycerine (component A) and a second ester of a carboxylic acid with sucrose.
  • the DE 42 29 383 C2 describes an edible lubricant with the addition of lubrication-improving esters of fatty acids and higher alcohols.
  • the additives for improving the lubricity consist of at least two esters of edible alcohols having at least two alcohol groups.
  • alcohols for example, glycerol, pentaerythritol, arabitol, mannitol and sorbitol can be used.
  • the technical problem underlying the present invention is to provide novel synthesis esters based entirely on renewable raw materials which are obtainable, in particular, by using low molecular weight sugars and isolatable fatty acids from vegetable sources as base liquid for lubricants and hydraulic fluids and to processes for their production
  • the synthetic esters have the required performance properties, such as resistance to oxidation, thermal resistance and low viscosity, and on the other hand biodegradable and residue-free biodegradable due to their natural origin and are therefore highly compatible with the environment and, moreover, can be produced inexpensively.
  • the present invention solves this technical problem by providing a composition comprising a mixture of fully or nearly completely carboxylic acid esterified D-sorbitol, monoanhydrosorbitol, dianhydrosorbitol, D-mannitol, monoanhydromannitol and dianhydromannitol suitable for use as a base fluid for lubricants or hydraulic fluids is. That is, the present invention provides a mixture of esterified open-chain and cyclic D-sorbitol and D-mannitol
  • the sugar alcohols D-sorbitol and D-mannitol have several advantages over other sugars or sugar alcohols, predestinating them as starting materials for the preparation of n-alkyl esters. Thus, both sugar alcohols have a very good hydrolytic and thermal stability.
  • D-sorbitol and D-mannitol can be produced on an industrial scale easily and extremely inexpensively from renewable vegetable sources.
  • D-sorbitol can be prepared, for example, by catalytic hydrogenation from glucose, hydrolyzed starch or hydrolyzed sucrose. The use of sucrose as the starting material, wherein first acidic hydrolysis is carried out to form invert sugar, not only leads to sorbitol after hydrogenation but also to D-mannitol.
  • Fatty acid esters of sorbitol and sorbitan are already widely used as emulsifiers or stabilizers. They are neither poisonous nor aggressive ( Maag, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 61 (1984), 259-267 ; Khan, Adv. Carbohyd. Chem. Biochem., 33 (1976), 235-294 ). Mono-, di- and triesters of sorbitan, the so-called “spans”, together with their ethoxylated derivatives, the so-called “tweens”, already have a firm place in foods, pharmaceuticals and numerous technical applications ( Kosswig, in: Ullmann's Enzykl. Techn.
  • esters of D-sorbitol and D-mannitol are also well suited for use in the lubricant sector, in particular as a base liquid.
  • Partially dehydrated derivatives of the two sugar alcohols D-sorbitol and D-mannitol are particularly suitable as starting components for the ester synthesis, since they have excellent chemical, thermal and hydrolytic stability properties.
  • the intramolecular dehydration of the sugar alcohols leads to cyclic compounds which can be used as polyols for the preparation of esters.
  • the degree of branching of the polyol esters can be controlled and thus also their property potential, for example the viscosity behavior decisive for use as lubricant or hydraulic fluid, can be influenced.
  • the stereochemistry of the compounds plays a crucial role.
  • the resulting product mixtures containing fully esterified open-chain and cyclic molecules of the two sugar alcohols have excellent lubricant and hydraulic fluid properties, for example, for this application highly suitable viscosity-temperature behavior, a very good cold flow behavior and a very good cold stability, a very good Wear behavior, ie load bearing capacity, a very good resistance to oxidative aging, a very good foaming behavior, a very good LucasabscheideSmart and an advantageous viscosity.
  • the properties of the product mixture obtained depend, on the one hand, on the structure of the individual open-chain and cyclic products and, on the other hand, that synergisms occur within the product mixture which are extremely pronounced, in particular with regard to the properties required for lubricant use, such as viscosity-cold properties and oxidation stability positive.
  • suitable for use as a lubricant means that a substance or mixture of substances may reduce the friction and stress of counteracting or moving machinery parts. Such substances thereby reduce energy consumption and material wear and also act as a coolant.
  • Suitable for use as hydraulic fluid means that a substance or Mixture has such properties that allow use of the substance or mixture in hydrostatic or hydrokinetic (hydrodynamic) systems as energy transfer fluid.
  • a lubricant or as a hydraulic fluid means according to the invention in particular that such substances or mixtures are suitable for use as a base fluid for lubricants or hydraulic oils and excludes the addition of other conventionally used additives for lubricants or hydraulic oils, such as phenolic and / or amino antioxidants, phosphorus / Sulfur extreme pressure / antiwear additives, corrosion inhibitors, foam inhibitors and the like are not enough.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention therefore relates to a composition
  • a composition comprising a mixture of D-sorbitol, D-mannitol and cyclic derivatives thereof, wherein these components are esterified with at least one carboxylic acid, as a base liquid for lubricants or as a base liquid for hydraulic oils, wherein the composition additionally Contains typical lubricant or hydraulic oil additives selected from the group consisting of phenolic and / or amine antioxidants, phosphorus / sulfur extreme pressure / antiwear additives, corrosion inhibitors, and foam inhibitors.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention relates to a composition which, in addition to esterified open-chain molecules of D-sorbitol and D-mannitol, also esterified cyclic D-sorbitol and D-mannitol derivatives, wherein the cyclic derivatives of the two sugar alcohols are in particular mono- and Dianhydrohexite.
  • compositions containing fully or nearly completely esterified open-chain and cyclic D-sorbitol and D-mannitol molecules have particularly advantageous properties for the lubricant region.
  • compositions in which the free hydroxyl groups of the polyol constituents used are only partially esterified with carboxylic acids additionally have an emulsifying action.
  • an emulsifying effect leads to undesirable effects in technical applications of the product mixture, for example foaming.
  • compositions according to the invention which comprise open-chain and cyclic D-sorbitol and D-mannitol molecules esterified with at least one carboxylic acid, at least two of the free, available hydroxyl groups are esterified with a carboxylic acid for each individual molecule ,
  • esterified with at least one carboxylic acid means that the free hydroxyl groups of a single polyol molecule, whether it is an open-chain or a cyclic molecule of D-sorbitol or D-mannitol, can be esterified with different carboxylic acid residues.
  • compositions in which in each individual D-sorbitol or D-mannitol molecule, all or nearly all free hydroxyl groups are esterified with a carboxylic acid.
  • the composition according to the invention which comprises a mixture of open-chain and cyclic molecules of the sugar alcohols D-sorbitol and D-mannitol, is therefore preferably completely esterified with at least one carboxylic acid, since the composition thereby has properties which are suitable for use of the composition as a base fluid for lubricants or hydraulic fluids are of essential importance.
  • the cyclic and open-chain D-sorbitol and D-mannitol molecules used according to the invention are esterified with aliphatic alkylcarboxylic acids and / or derivatives thereof.
  • One embodiment of the invention therefore relates to a composition in which the acid component of the polyol mixture according to the invention is an unsaturated or saturated, branched or unbranched carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof or a mixture thereof.
  • this may be a monocarboxylic acid, a dicarboxylic acid, a tricarboxylic acid, a derivative thereof or a mixture thereof.
  • the reaction can be carried out with di- and tricarboxylic acids, which are reesterified with fatty alcohols in a further step so as to comply with the low acid numbers, that is, the carboxylic acid derivative is an ester of a di- or tricarboxylic acid a fatty alcohol.
  • the esterification of the polyol constituents of the composition according to the invention in particular fatty acids which can be obtained from renewable domestic vegetable raw materials, as well as their technical fatty acid cuts used.
  • the use of fatty acids obtained from domestic renewable raw materials as the alkyl constituent of the composition according to the invention takes place, in particular, from the point of view of resource conservation and biodegradability of the esterified polyol products.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention relates to a composition in which the open-chain and cyclic D-sorbitol and D-mannitol molecules are esterified with monocarboxylic acids.
  • the chain length of the alkyl moiety has a significant impact on the properties of the resulting esterified product, such as the high temperature and viscosity cold behavior.
  • the polyol constituents of the composition according to the invention are preferably esterified with C 2 -C 24 monocarboxylic acids, more preferably with C 4 -C 18 monocarboxylic acids.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention relates to a composition in which the open-chain and cyclic D-sorbitol and D-mannitol molecules are reacted with acetic, butyric, isobutane, valeric, isovaleric, caproic, enantine, caprylic, , 2-ethylcapron, pelargon, caprine, lauric, myristic, myristolein, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, elaidic, castor, linoleic, linoline, eleostearin, arachidine , Beehive or erucic acid or mixtures thereof are esterified.
  • they are naturally occurring vegetable fatty acids.
  • the open-chain and cyclic D-sorbitol and D-mannitol molecules are esterified with dicarboxylic acids, in particular C 2 -C 24 dicarboxylic acids, preferably C 4 -C 18 dicarboxylic acids.
  • dicarboxylic acids in particular C 2 -C 24 dicarboxylic acids, preferably C 4 -C 18 dicarboxylic acids.
  • these are oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric, adipic, pimelinic, maleic, fumaric or sorbic acid.
  • the open-chain and cyclic sugar alcohol molecules are esterified with tricarboxylic acids, for example citric acid.
  • derivatives of the carboxylic acids such as anhydrides, mixed anhydrides, alkyl esters and, in particular, carboxylic acid chlorides
  • Anhydrides are the products of an acid, for example a carboxylic acid, which are obtainable, for example, by dehydration. When water is released from two different acids, mixed anhydrides can be obtained.
  • Alkyl esters can be prepared by reacting carboxylic acids catalyzed by acids such as sulfuric acid etc. with alcohols.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the invention therefore relates to compositions in which the open-chain and cyclic D-sorbitol and D-mannitol molecules with carboxylic acid derivatives, for example Anhydrides, mixed anhydrides, alcyl esters and / or in particular carboxylic acid chlorides are esterified.
  • carboxylic acid derivatives for example Anhydrides, mixed anhydrides, alcyl esters and / or in particular carboxylic acid chlorides are esterified.
  • the sugar alcohol molecules may also be esterified with isomers of carboxylic acids, such as cis / trans isomers within the framework or at geometric positions.
  • Isomers are compounds with the same gross, but different structural formulas.
  • Cis / trans isomers are stereoisomers characterized by a different atomic arrangement in three-dimensional space, in particular by the different arrangement of the substituents. Stereoisomers thus differ in configuration and / or conformation.
  • the proportion of the esterified open-chain and cyclic D-sorbitol derivatives in the overall composition is in particular 95% to 5% and the proportion of esterified open-chain and cyclic D-mannitol derivatives is accordingly from 5% to 95%.
  • the proportion of esterified D-sorbitol derivatives in the overall composition is from 92% to 50% and the proportion of esterified D-mannitol derivatives is from 8% to 50%. More preferably, the proportion of esterified D-sorbitol derivatives in the total composition is 90% to 70% and the proportion of esterified D-mannitol derivatives is 10% to 30%.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to a composition according to the invention, comprising a mixture of open-chain and cyclic D-sorbitol and D-mannitol molecules esterified with at least one carboxylic acid, and additionally containing at least one further open-chain and / or cyclic carbohydrate, polyol, a derivative thereof, or a mixture thereof, containing at least a carboxylic acid, a derivative thereof or a mixture thereof esterified.
  • the performance characteristics of the composition according to the invention in particular with regard to the viscosity-temperature behavior, viscosity-pressure behavior, aging and oxidation resistance, hydrolysis resistance, compressibility, elastomer compatibility, compatibility with the in appropriate materials used, foam behavior, LucasabscheideSmart, cold properties, coefficient of friction, wear protection in Vierkugelapparat (VKA) according to DIN 58524 etc. adapted and modified according to the specific requirements.
  • the carbohydrate and / or polyol is selected from the group consisting of a monosaccharide such as glucose, fructose, mannose, arabinose, xylose, sorbose and galactose, a disaccharide such as sucrose, maltose, trehalose, lactose, Isomaltulose and trehalulose, a trisaccharide such as raffinose, a sugar alcohol such as erythritol, xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, maltitol, lactitol, arabitol, 6-0- ⁇ -D-glucopyranosyl-D-sorbitol (1,6-GPS), 1 -0- ⁇ -D-glucopyranosyl-D-sorbitol (1,1-GPS) and 1-0- ⁇ -D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannitol (1,6-GPS), 1 -0- ⁇
  • the esterified open-chain and cyclic derivatives of the other carbohydrates or polyols are esterified with the same carboxylic acids as the D-sorbitol and D-mannitol derivatives.
  • they are therefore esterified with aliphatic n-alkylcarboxylic acids and / or their derivatives, ie with unsaturated or saturated, branched or unbranched carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof or a mixture thereof.
  • the further carbohydrate and / or polyol derivatives are esterified with monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic acids, derivatives thereof or a mixture thereof.
  • the reaction can be carried out with a di- and tricarboxylic acid, which are esterified again in a further step with fatty alcohols, so as to comply with the low acid numbers. That is, for the reaction, an ester of a di- or tricarboxylic acid with a fatty alcohol can be used.
  • fatty acids which can be obtained from renewable domestic vegetable raw materials and their technical fatty acid cuts are used according to the invention.
  • the proportion of the further esterified carbohydrate and / or sugar alcohol derivatives in the overall composition 0.5% to 50%, preferably 1 to 40%, particularly preferably 5 to 30%.
  • D-sorbitol The cyclization of D-sorbitol is known in the art. So had Lewis (Surfactant Sci. Ser., 72 (1998), 219-223 ) by isolation and characterization of the products showed that D-sorbitol can be converted into a substituted furan ring, the 1,4-sorbitan or monoanhydrosorbitol (MAS) by dehydration, and with further dehydration into a bicyclic structure, the isosorbitol or 1,4: 3 , 6-dianhydrosorbitol (DAS) can be transferred.
  • MAS 1,4-sorbitan or monoanhydrosorbitol
  • DAS 6-dianhydrosorbitol
  • D-mannitol can also be converted into monoanhydromannitol (MAM) and dianhydromannite (DAM) ( Reiff, in: Ullmann's Enzyk. Techn. Chem., Ed. Bartholome et al., 4th Edition, Volume 24 (1983), 772-777, Verlag Chemie Weinheim ).
  • a mixture of open-chain sugar alcohol molecules that is to say D-sorbitol and D-mannitol, and cyclic sugar alcohol molecules is therefore first in the first stage, preferably in the presence of a catalyst , Anhydro- and Dianhydohexite produced. Subsequently, in the second stage, for example with the same catalyst or with a second catalyst, using suitable reagents, the esterification or transesterification of this mixture with saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched carboxylic acids, derivatives thereof or mixtures thereof. Monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic acids, derivatives thereof or a mixture thereof can be used according to the invention for the esterification.
  • C 2 -C 24 -monocarboxylic acids such as acetic, butyric, isobutene, valeric, isovaleric, caproic, enantinic, caprylic, 2-ethylcaprone, pelargonic, capric , Lauric, myristic, myristolein, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, elaidic, castor, linoleic, linolenic, eleostearic, arachidic, beehive or erucic acids.
  • C 2 -C 24 -monocarboxylic acids such as acetic, butyric, isobutene, valeric, isovaleric, caproic, enantinic, caprylic, 2-ethylcaprone, pelargonic, capric , Lauric, myristic, myristolein, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, ela
  • carboxylic acid derivatives such as anhydrides, mixed anhydrides, alkyl esters, especially carboxylic acid chlorides, or isomers such as cis / trans isomers can be used within the framework or at a geometric position for the esterification.
  • this esterification or transesterification is carried out such that at least two hydroxyl groups are esterified in each open-chain or cyclic sugar alcohol molecule.
  • the degree of esterification of the molecules can be controlled by selecting appropriate reaction conditions.
  • the desired esterified products can be prepared both batchwise and continuously, that is, cyclization and esterification of the sugar alcohols can be carried out either continuously or batchwise. Both reaction steps can be carried out in known organic solvents such as toluene, DMSO, pyridine, DMF, etc. or solvent-free in the presence of one or more suitable catalysts.
  • catalysts or catalyst mixtures according to the invention are transition metal compounds of Sn, Ti, Zn / Cu, etc., in particular salts, oxides, alkyls, etc. thereof, mineral acids such as HCl, H 2 SO 4 and H 3 PO 4 , organic acids such as p-toluene sulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid and sulfosuccinic acid, and acidic ion exchangers, alkali metal salts such as sodium or potassium hydroxide, sodium or potassium carbonate, sodium or potassium, sodium or potassium, zeolites or a mixture thereof use.
  • Goldschmidt preferably as an esterification catalyst.
  • This combination of catalysts has proven to be extremely effective in the synthesis of the desired products. Particularly advantageous was the acceptable color of the products thus obtained, so that no or only a few further purification steps had to be carried out.
  • caprylic anhydride as esterification reagent leads this inventively preferred catalyst combination to a virtually complete implementation. When using this combination of catalysts complete esterification with caprylic acid as esterification is possible.
  • Another catalyst combination which is preferred according to the invention comprises p-toluenesulfonic acid as catalyst for cyclization and dibutyltin oxide as catalyst for esterification.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the cyclization reaction is carried out at a temperature of 80 ° C to 190 ° C, more preferably at 100 ° C to 170 ° C.
  • the esterification reaction takes place in particular at a temperature of 120 ° C. to 280 ° C., preferably at a temperature of 160 ° C. to 250 ° C.
  • the water formed during the reaction is constantly removed.
  • the water resulting from the reaction has a particularly unfavorable effect on the position of the equilibrium in the subsequent esterification and is therefore preferably removed.
  • the water formed in the cyclization may be removed as steam by means of a nitrogen stream passed through the flask towards the end of the reaction. According to the invention, it is therefore provided to remove the water formed during the cyclization and / or esterification, preferably by means of rectification or azeotropic rectification.
  • the cyclization reaction conditions preferred according to the present invention include the following parameters: the use of a stirred reactor wherein nitrogen may or may not be passed through the reactor, removal of the water produced by the reaction by distillation, particularly by rectification and azeotropic rectification Cyclization in a solvent, particularly preferably without solvent, preferably at a temperature of 70 ° C to 180 ° C, more preferably at 100 ° C to 160 ° C, a reaction time of 0.2 to 6 hours, preferably 0.5 to 3 hours, and carrying out the reaction in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the amount of catalyst used based on the sugar starting materials at 0.05 to 10 Ges .-%, preferably 0.1 to 5 wt .-%.
  • the preferred reaction conditions for esterification in batch operation include the following parameters: Use of a stirred reactor, wherein the esterification can also be carried out in a stirred tank cascade two to five stages, removal of water during the reaction by rectification / distillation or azeotropic rectification, implementation the reaction in an organic solvent, for example toluene, DMF or ether, or without solvent, a reaction time of 2 to 36 hours, preferably 8 to 26 hours, and carrying out the esterification in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the amount of catalyst, based on the total amount, at 0.05 - 10 Wt .-%, preferably 0.1 to 5 wt .-% is.
  • the starting materials polyol and acid, based on the monomer units, are preferably present in a ratio of 1: 1 to 1:10, more preferably in a ratio of 1: 1.5 to 1: 7.
  • the esterification in discontinuous operation according to the invention is carried out in vacuo at 1013 to 5 mbar, preferably at 300 to 10 mbar.
  • the preferred reaction conditions for the esterification in continuous operation according to the invention include the use of a bubble tray column with sections for the rectification / distillation and for the reaction, wherein the countercurrent principle is used according to the invention.
  • the sugar alcohol solution preferably a 30% to 90% aqueous solution
  • the sugar alcohol solution continuously to an overhead soil or a solution of an already cyclized polyol or a mixture of the aforementioned components and / or a solution of an already partially esterified Abandoned polyol.
  • a catalyst amount based on the total mass, of 0.05 to 10 wt .-%, preferably from 0.1 to 5 wt .-% is used.
  • Entrained acid components are recycled from a phase separator in the column.
  • the temperatures for carrying out the esterification in continuous operation are preferably from 120 ° C to 280 ° C, preferably at 160 ° C to 250 ° C.
  • the reaction or residence times are from 1 to 24 hours, preferably from 4 to 10 hours.
  • the ratio of polyol and acid components according to the invention is 1: 1 to 1:10, preferably 1: 1.5 to 1: 7.
  • the pre-reaction is carried out until homogenization in a stirred tank and then virtually complete esterification in the column.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of the compositions of the invention containing a mixture of open-chain and cyclic derivatives of D-sorbitol and D-mannitol esterified with at least one carboxylic acid, at least one derivative thereof, or a mixture thereof; optionally further esterified open-chain and / or cyclic carbohydrate or polyol derivatives or mixtures thereof, which are also esterified with at least one carboxylic acid, at least one derivative thereof or a mixture thereof.
  • these compositions which can be prepared by one of the processes according to the invention, can be used as lubricant and functional fluid, in particular as fluid for lubricating internal combustion engines, mechanical power transmissions such as transmissions in motor vehicles and stationary applications, Gas compressors, chillers, turbines, and chains such as saw chains, as an oil for lubricating moving parts in industrial machines and molds and formwork in the production of molded parts, as a universal oil for tractors and other mobile work machines, as a grease, as a shock absorber liquid, as a fluid for hydraulic working Power transmissions and drives, hardening of metallic materials, non-cutting metal forming, metal cutting under flooding and metal cutting under minimum quantity lubrication, as corrosion protection fluid, as oil for the insulation of electrical components such as transformers and as heat transfer oil.
  • lubricant and functional fluid in particular as fluid for lubricating internal combustion engines, mechanical power transmissions such as transmissions in motor vehicles and stationary applications, Gas compressors, chillers, turbines, and chains such as saw chains, as an oil for lub
  • the dehydration took place directly in the D-sorbitol melt, so that it was possible to dispense with the use of a solvent.
  • the dependence of the composition of the product mixture on the duration of the dehydration was investigated by means of course samples, which were analyzed by gas chromatography. Due to its interfering influence on the subsequent esterification, the water released during the dehydration was removed as steam by means of a nitrogen stream passed through the flask towards the end of the reaction. While the content of dianhydrosorbitol (DAS) increased only slowly during the reaction, the sorbitan content increased much faster. The slow increase in the amount of DAS was consistent with the fact that its formation was a sequential reaction of dehydration of D-sorbitol to MAS. The maximum of the MAS or DAS concentration was not reached even after two hours, that is, there was partly still not cyclized D-sorbitol.
  • the esterifications preceding cyclizations were carried out at 140 ° C and a reaction time of 1 hour 45 minutes, since in this period of time suitable product mixtures were obtained.
  • the main product after the end of the cyclization was the monoanhydride in a proportion of 56 to 74%, followed by undehydrated D-sorbitol (37 to 12%) and dianhydrosorbitol (2 to 6%).
  • On the third tray from above 1.4 mol / h of a 1: 1 mixture of D-sorbitol and D-mannitol as a 60% (gen.%) Aqueous solution was added.
  • the trays 2 to 12 were filled with 200 ml of highly temperature-stable acidic exchange resin.
  • three kg / h of capric acid (9.1 mol / h) were added as superheated steam to the bottom soil.
  • the column was operated at 195 ° C. A capric acid / water mixture was withdrawn through the top of the column.
  • capric acid was returned to the top of the column. 3.1 kg / h of capric acid-containing sugar ester were obtained from the cold bubble of the column. Excess acid was removed in vacuo and the product was isolated as an almost colorless oil.
  • composition comprising a mixture of esterified open-chain and cyclized D-sorbitol / D-mannitol derivatives (MMDDSM esters)
  • the values for the MMDDSM ester mixture according to the invention and the two comparison base liquids can be assessed as follows.
  • the MMDDSM ester mixture according to the invention shows a very good cold flow behavior and a very good cold stability, a very good wear behavior, ie load carrying capacity, a very good resistance to oxidative aging, a very good air separation ability and an advantageous viscosity.
  • Comparative Example 1 shows a viscosity layer which is useful only for a few applications, a markedly poorer flow behavior at low temperatures, a lower load-carrying capacity and a moderate resistance to oxidative aging.
  • Comparative Example 2 shows markedly poorer flow behavior at lower temperatures and poor resistance to oxidative aging.

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Abstract

The present invention relates to compositions which comprise mixtures of open-chain and cyclic molecules of the sugar alcohols D-sorbitol and D-mannitol which have been esterified with at least one carboxylic acid, processes for preparing these compositions and the use of this composition as lubricant or hydraulic liquid.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft Zusammensetzungen, die Gemische von mit Carbonsäuren veresterten offenkettigen und cyclischen Molekülen der Zuckeralkohole D-Sorbit und D-Mannit umfassen, Verfahren zur Herstellung dieser Zusammensetzungen und die Verwendung dieser Zusammensetzung als Schmiermittel oder hydraulisches Öl.The present invention relates to compositions comprising mixtures of carboxylic acid esterified open-chain and cyclic molecules of the sugar alcohols D-sorbitol and D-mannitol, to processes for preparing these compositions and to the use of this composition as a lubricant or hydraulic oil.

In der Bundesrepublik Deutschland werden jährlich rund 1,15 Mio. t Schmierstoffe eingesetzt. Davon sind etwa 200.000 t sogenannte Prozess- oder Verfahrensöle. Unter dem Begriff "Schmierstoffe" werden artverwandte Produkte zusammengefasst, die überwiegend aus Mineralöl bestehen oder voll- beziehungsweise teilsynthetisch sind und zur Schmierung, aber auch als Kraft- und Wärmeübertragungsmedien, Dielektrika und Verfahrensöle verwendet werden. Bei letzteren handelt es sich primär um Mineralölprodukte, die in verschiedenen Industriezweigen als Hilfsmittel in Prozessen verwendet werden, beispielsweise als indifferente Lösungs-, Quell- und Trennmittel, zur Absorption von Gasen oder zur Bindung von Staub. Innerhalb des Gesamt-Schmierstoffmarktes besitzen Hydraulikflüssigkeiten in Deutschland ein Marktvolumen von etwa 160.000 t, wobei etwa 40 % auf mobile Anwendungen und etwa 60 % auf stationäre Anwendungen entfallen.In the Federal Republic of Germany about 1.15 million tons of lubricants are used annually. Of these, about 200,000 t are so-called process or process oils. The term "lubricants" is used to summarize related products that consist predominantly of mineral oil or are fully or partially synthetic and are used for lubrication, but also as force and heat transfer media, dielectrics and process oils. The latter are primarily mineral oil products which are used in various industries as auxiliaries in processes, for example as indifferent solvents, swelling and separating agents, for the absorption of gases or for the binding of dust. Within the overall lubricant market, hydraulic fluids in Germany have a market volume of about 160,000 t, with about 40% attributable to mobile applications and about 60% to stationary applications.

Aus Rohöl-Destillatfraktionen lassen sich allgemein als Basis- oder Grundflüssigkeiten bezeichnete alterungsbeständige Grundöle herstellen, die durch Raffination den jeweiligen Anforderungen angepasst werden können. Viele Eigenschaften moderner Schmieröle werden durch Zugabe von Wirkstoffen, den sogenannten Additiven, erzielt, ohne die die heutigen Anforderungen an beispielsweise Motor- und Getriebeöle nicht mehr erfüllt werden könnten. Schmierstoffe enthalten daher durchschnittlich etwa 95 % Basisflüssigkeit und etwa 5 % chemische Additive.Crude oil distillate fractions can be used to produce aging-resistant base oils, generally referred to as base or base liquids, which can be adapted to the respective requirements by refining. Many properties of modern lubricating oils are achieved by adding active ingredients, the so-called additives, without which the current requirements for, for example, motor and gear oils could no longer be met. On average, lubricants contain about 95% base fluid and about 5% chemical additives.

Herkömmliche Schmierstoffe stellen eine erhebliche Belastung für die Umwelt dar. Obwohl in Deutschland etwa 53 % der Schmierstoffe nach Gebrauch über die Altölsammlung zurückgewonnen und recycelt oder zur Energieerzeugung genutzt werden können, gelangt der Rest, also jährlich etwa 540.000 t, in die Umwelt. Trotz relativ sicherer Verwahrung diester Produkte in Tankbehältern oder in Getriebe- und Motorblöcken etc., gelangen Schmierstoffe unter anderem durch Leckagen, Ölunfälle, aber auch durch Tropfverluste, beispielsweise beim Wechsel von Hydraulikschläuchen bei Baggern, in die Umwelt und führen zu Kontaminationen insbesondere von Böden und Oberflächen- und Grundgewässern. Weitere Umweltbelastungen werden durch den zweckbestimmten Gebrauch bestimmter Schmierstoffe bei der sogenannten Verlustschmierung beispielsweise der Kettenschmierung von Motorsägen, verursacht. Auch die unvermeidliche Mitverbrennung von Schmierstoffen in Motoren stellt, wie auch jegliche Form direkter Emission, beispielsweise durch Verdampfung, eine Form der Umweltverschmutzung dar. Auch wenn Mineralölprodukte unter günstigen Wachstumsbedingungen für die in der Natur vorkommenden Mikroorganismen prinzipiell abbaubar sind, so hat sich dennoch gezeigt, dass die natürlichen Systeme in der Praxis mit dem Abbau von Mineralölprodukten überfordert sind.Conventional lubricants are a significant burden on the environment. Although about 53% of lubricants in Germany can be recovered from waste oil collection and recycled or used to generate energy, the remainder, ie about 540,000 tonnes annually, is released into the environment. Despite relatively safe storage diester products in tank containers or in transmission and engine blocks, etc., get lubricants including leaks, oil spills, but also by drip losses, such as when changing hydraulic hoses in excavators, in the environment and lead to contamination especially of soils and Surface and groundwater. Further environmental pollution is caused by the dedicated use of certain lubricants in the so-called loss lubrication, for example, the chain lubrication of chainsaws. Also, the inevitable co-incineration of lubricants in engines, as well as any form of direct emissions, such as by evaporation, is a form of environmental pollution Although mineral oil products are generally degradable under favorable growth conditions for the naturally occurring microorganisms, it has nevertheless been found that the natural systems are overtaxed in practice with the degradation of mineral oil products.

Aufgrund der großen Belastung insbesondere von Böden und Gewässern durch Schmierstoffe ist es erforderlich, umweltverträgliche, insbesondere biologisch abbaubare Öle und Schmierstoffe zu entwickeln. In den letzten Jahren wurden daher Basisflüssigkeiten für Schmierstoffe auf der Basis nachwachsender pflanzlicher Rohstoffe, insbesondere unter Verwendung von Pflanzenölen und deren Derivaten ("Syntheseester") entwickelt. Bei solchen Syntheseestern werden als typische Polyol-Bestandteile verzweigte Alkohole wie Neopentylglykol, Trimethylolpropan und Pentaerythrit eingesetzt ( Bongardt, Fat. Sci. Technol., 92 (1990), 473-478 ), die zu gesättigten Estern umgesetzt werden. Gegenüber Schmiermitteln aus Mineralölen sind solche Pflanzenöle im allgemeinen umweltverträglicher und biologisch schneller abbaubar. Es zeigte sich jedoch, dass chemisch unveränderte Pflanzenöle vielen technischen Anforderungen nicht genügen. Die definierten chemischen, hochspezialisierten Abwandlungen solcher Pflanzenöle zeigen zwar teilweise akzeptable anwendungstechnische Eigenschaften. Sie sind aber aufgrund der zu ihrer Herstellung erforderlichen zahlreichen Produktionsschritte sehr teuer. Weitere Nachteile sind, dass die oxidative, hydrolytische und thermische Stabilität der pflanzlichen Öle für einen Einsatz in Umlaufschmieranlagen nicht ausreicht und dass Hochleistungs-Additive für Pflanzenöle, insbesondere ökotoxikologisch unbedenkliche und umweltverträgliche Zusätze, bisher nur unzureichend entwickelt wurden.Due to the great burden, especially of soils and water by lubricants, it is necessary to develop environmentally friendly, especially biodegradable oils and lubricants. In recent years, base fluids have therefore been developed for lubricants based on renewable vegetable raw materials, in particular using vegetable oils and their derivatives ("synthetic esters"). In such synthesis esters branched alcohols such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol are used as typical polyol components ( Bongardt, Fat. Sci. Technol., 92 (1990), 473-478 ), which are converted to saturated esters. Compared to lubricants of mineral oils, such vegetable oils are generally more environmentally friendly and faster biodegradable. It turned out, however, that chemically unchanged vegetable oils do not meet many technical requirements. Although the defined chemical, highly specialized modifications of such vegetable oils show partially acceptable performance properties. However, they are very expensive due to the numerous production steps required for their production. Other disadvantages are that the oxidative, hydrolytic and thermal stability of vegetable oils for use in circulation lubrication systems is not sufficient and that high-performance additives for vegetable oils, in particular ecotoxicologically harmless and environmentally friendly additives, have been developed only insufficient.

Nachwachsende Rohstoffe wie niedermolekulare Zucker blieben im Schmiermittel-Bereich dagegen weitgehend ungenutzt und ihr Potential als Polyol-Bestandteil für Synthesester ist nahezu unerforscht, obwohl sie analoge Funktionen wie die vorstehend genannten Alkohole besitzen. Durch ihre Verfügbarkeit ist der Einsatz dieser Rohstoffe im Schmiermittel- und Hydraulikflüssigkeits-Bereich jedoch sehr attraktiv, zumal sie durch ihren natürlichen Ursprung große Vorteile im Hinblick auf eine schnelle biologische Abbaubarkeit und Umweltverträglichkeit besitzen.In contrast, renewable raw materials such as low molecular weight sugars have remained largely unused in the lubricants sector and their potential as a polyol component for synthesis esters is virtually unexplored, although they have analogous functions to the alcohols mentioned above. Due to their availability, however, the use of these raw materials in the lubricant and hydraulic fluid field is very attractive, especially since they have great advantages in terms of rapid biodegradability and environmental compatibility due to their natural origin.

Aus der EP 0 879 872 A1 sind biologisch abbaubare, nicht-toxische Schmieröl-Formulierungen bekannt, die aus einem Ester eines Zuckers und einer Fettsäure bestehen. Der Polyol-Bestandteil des Polyesters kann einen Zucker, Zuckeralkohol oder ein Gemisch davon umfassen, wobei der Polyol-Bestandteil sowohl teilweise verestert als auch mit hohem Veresterungsgrad vorliegen kann. Die beschriebene nicht-toxische Schmieröl-Formulierung soll insbesondere Anwendung in Aggregaten finden, die in der Agrar- und Nahrungsmittelindustrie beziehungsweise in der Kosmetik- oder pharmazeutischen Industrie eingesetzt werden.From the EP 0 879 872 A1 Biodegradable, non-toxic lubricating oil formulations are known which consist of an ester of a sugar and a fatty acid. The polyol component of the polyester may comprise a sugar, sugar alcohol or a mixture thereof, wherein the polyol component may be both partially esterified and high in degree of esterification. The nontoxic lubricating oil formulation described is intended in particular to find application in aggregates which are used in the agricultural and food industry or in the cosmetics or pharmaceutical industry.

Die EP 0 572 198 A1 beschreibt SchmierölZusammensetzungen, die ebenfalls für Maschinen zur Herstellung von Nahrungsmitteln eingesetzt werden können. Die Zusammensetzungen umfassen ein Gemisch eines ersten Esters einer mittellangen gesättigten Fettsäure mit Glycerin (Komponente A) und eines zweiten Esters einer Carbonsäure mit Saccharose.The EP 0 572 198 A1 describes lubricating oil compositions, which are also used for machines for Production of food can be used. The compositions comprise a mixture of a first ester of medium length saturated fatty acid with glycerine (component A) and a second ester of a carboxylic acid with sucrose.

Die DE 42 29 383 C2 beschreibt ein genießbares Schmiermittel mit Zusatz von schmierwirkungsverbessernden Estern aus Fettsäuren und höheren Alkoholen. Die Additive zur Verbesserung der Schmierwirkung bestehen dabei aus mindestens zwei Estern von genießbaren Alkoholen mit mindestens zwei AlkoholGruppen. Als Alkohole können beispielsweise Glycerin, Pentaerythrit, Arabit, Mannit und Sorbit eingesetzt werden.The DE 42 29 383 C2 describes an edible lubricant with the addition of lubrication-improving esters of fatty acids and higher alcohols. The additives for improving the lubricity consist of at least two esters of edible alcohols having at least two alcohol groups. As alcohols, for example, glycerol, pentaerythritol, arabitol, mannitol and sorbitol can be used.

Die im Stand der Technik bekannten Syntheseester, die auf der Basis niedermolekularer Zucker oder Zucker-Derivate erhältlich sind, besitzen jedoch einige Nachteile, so dass sie nicht im größeren Maßstab als Schmiermittel-Basisflüssigkeit oder als Hydraulikflüssigkeit eingesetzt werden können. Teilweise weisen sie nicht die für einen Einsatz in diesem Bereich erforderlichen Eigenschaften, wie Viskositäts-Temperatur-Verhalten, Viskositäts-Druck-Verhalten, Alterungs- und Oxidationsbeständigkeit, Hydrolysebeständigkeit, Kompressibilität, Elastomerverträglichkeit, Verträglichkeit mit den in entsprechenden Aggregaten eingesetzten Materialien, Schaumverhalten, Luftabscheidevermögen, Kälteeigenschaften, Reibkoeffizient, Verschleißschutz im Vierkugelapparat (VKA) nach DIN 58524 etc., auf. Zum Teil ist auch ihre Herstellung zu teuer, was, bedingt durch ihre spezifischen Anwendungen, auf die Verwendung spezieller Ausgangsstoffe zurückzuführen ist. Darüber hinaus können einige dieser Syntheseester nicht oder nur erschwert durch natürliche Systeme vollständig und rückstandslos abgebaut werden.However, the known in the art synthesis esters, which are available on the basis of low molecular weight sugar or sugar derivatives, but have some disadvantages, so that they can not be used on a larger scale as a lubricant base liquid or as a hydraulic fluid. In some cases, they do not have the properties required for use in this area, such as viscosity-temperature behavior, viscosity-pressure behavior, aging and oxidation resistance, hydrolysis resistance, compressibility, elastomer compatibility, compatibility with the materials used in corresponding aggregates, foaming behavior, air separation capability , Cold properties, coefficient of friction, wear protection in four-ball apparatus (VKA) according to DIN 58524 etc., on. In part, their production is too expensive, which, due to their specific applications, on the use of special starting materials is due. In addition, some of these synthetic esters can not be degraded completely or residue-free, or only with difficulty, by natural systems.

Das der vorliegenden Erfindung zugrunde liegende technische Problem besteht also darin, vollständig auf der Basis nachwachsender Rohstoffe aufgebaute neuartige Syntheseester, die insbesondere unter Verwendung von niedermolekularen Zuckern und aus pflanzlichen Quellen isolierbaren Fettsäuren erhältlich sind, als Basisflüssigkeit für Schmierstoffe und Hydraulikflüssigkeiten und Verfahren für deren Herstellung bereitzustellen, wobei die Syntheseester einerseits die erforderlichen anwendungstechnischen Eigenschaften, wie Oxidationsbeständigkeit, thermische Beständigkeit und Viskositäts-Kälteverhalten, besitzen und andererseits aufgrund ihres natürlichen Ursprungs biologisch schnell und rückstandslos abbaubar und somit in hohem Maße umweltverträglich sind und darüber hinaus kostengünstig hergestellt werden können.Thus, the technical problem underlying the present invention is to provide novel synthesis esters based entirely on renewable raw materials which are obtainable, in particular, by using low molecular weight sugars and isolatable fatty acids from vegetable sources as base liquid for lubricants and hydraulic fluids and to processes for their production On the one hand, the synthetic esters have the required performance properties, such as resistance to oxidation, thermal resistance and low viscosity, and on the other hand biodegradable and residue-free biodegradable due to their natural origin and are therefore highly compatible with the environment and, moreover, can be produced inexpensively.

Die vorliegende Erfindung löst dieses technische Problem durch die Bereitstellung einer Zusammensetzung, umfassend ein Gemisch aus vollständig oder nahezu vollständig mit Carbonsäure verestertem D-Sorbit, Monoanhydrosorbit, Dianhydrosorbit, D-Mannit, Monoanhydromannit und Dianhydromannit, die zur Verwendung als Basisflüssigkeit für Schmiermittel oder Hydraulikflüssigkeiten geeignet ist. Das heißt, die vorliegende Erfindung stellt ein Gemisch von veresterten offenkettigen und cyclischen D-Sorbit- und D-Mannit-The present invention solves this technical problem by providing a composition comprising a mixture of fully or nearly completely carboxylic acid esterified D-sorbitol, monoanhydrosorbitol, dianhydrosorbitol, D-mannitol, monoanhydromannitol and dianhydromannitol suitable for use as a base fluid for lubricants or hydraulic fluids is. That is, the present invention provides a mixture of esterified open-chain and cyclic D-sorbitol and D-mannitol

Molekülen bereit, das im Schmiermittelbereich eingesetzt werden kann.Molecules ready, which can be used in the lubricant sector.

Die Zuckeralkohole D-Sorbit und D-Mannit besitzen gegenüber anderen Zuckern beziehungsweise Zuckeralkoholen mehrere Vorteile, die sie als Ausgangsmaterial für die Herstellung von n-Alkylestern prädestinieren. So weisen beide Zuckeralkohole eine sehr gute hydrolytische und thermische Stabilität auf. D-Sorbit und D-Mannit können im technischen Maßstab leicht und äußerst kostengünstig aus nachwachsenden pflanzlichen Ausgangsstoffen hergestellt werden. D-Sorbit kann beispielsweise durch katalytische Hydrierung aus Glucose, hydrolysierter Stärke oder hydrolysierter Saccharose hergestellt werden. Die Verwendung von Saccharose als Ausgangsstoff, wobei zuerst eine saure Hydrolyse unter Bildung von Invertzucker durchgeführt wird, führt nach Hydrierung nicht nur zu Sorbit, sondern auch zu D-Mannit.The sugar alcohols D-sorbitol and D-mannitol have several advantages over other sugars or sugar alcohols, predestinating them as starting materials for the preparation of n-alkyl esters. Thus, both sugar alcohols have a very good hydrolytic and thermal stability. D-sorbitol and D-mannitol can be produced on an industrial scale easily and extremely inexpensively from renewable vegetable sources. D-sorbitol can be prepared, for example, by catalytic hydrogenation from glucose, hydrolyzed starch or hydrolyzed sucrose. The use of sucrose as the starting material, wherein first acidic hydrolysis is carried out to form invert sugar, not only leads to sorbitol after hydrogenation but also to D-mannitol.

Fettsäurester von Sorbit und Sorbitan, der teilweise dehydratisierten Form von Sorbit, finden bereits vielfältige Anwendung als Emulgatoren oder Stabilisatoren. Sie sind weder giftig noch aggressiv ( Maag, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 61 (1984), 259-267 ; Khan, Adv. Carbohyd. Chem. Biochem., 33 (1976), 235-294 ). Mono-, Di- und Triester von Sorbitan, die sogenannten "Spans", haben zusammen mit ihren ethoxylierten Derivaten, den sogenannten "Tweens", bereits einen festen Platz in Nahrungsmitteln, Pharmazeutika und zahlreichen technischen Anwendungen ( Kosswig, in: Ullmanns Enzykl. Techn. Chem., Herausgeber Bartholome et al., 4. Auflage, Band 22 (1982), 455-515, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim ). Aufgrund ihrer Struktur und Synthese und den daraus resultierenden Eigenschaften sind die Ester von D-Sorbit und D-Mannit auch für den Einsatz im Schmierstoffbereich, insbesondere als Basisflüssigkeit, gut geeignet.Fatty acid esters of sorbitol and sorbitan, the partially dehydrated form of sorbitol, are already widely used as emulsifiers or stabilizers. They are neither poisonous nor aggressive ( Maag, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 61 (1984), 259-267 ; Khan, Adv. Carbohyd. Chem. Biochem., 33 (1976), 235-294 ). Mono-, di- and triesters of sorbitan, the so-called "spans", together with their ethoxylated derivatives, the so-called "tweens", already have a firm place in foods, pharmaceuticals and numerous technical applications ( Kosswig, in: Ullmann's Enzykl. Techn. Chem., Ed. Bartholome et al., 4th Edition, Volume 22 (1982), 455-515, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim ). by virtue of Due to their structure and synthesis and the resulting properties, the esters of D-sorbitol and D-mannitol are also well suited for use in the lubricant sector, in particular as a base liquid.

Partiell dehydratisierte Derivate der beiden Zuckeralkohole D-Sorbit und D-Mannit eignen sich in besonderem Maße als Ausgangskomponenten für die Estersynthese, da sie hervorragende chemische, thermische und hydrolytische Stabilitätseigenschaften aufweisen. Die intramolekulare Dehydratisierung der Zuckeralkohole führt zu cyclischen Verbindungen, die als Polyole für die Herstellung von Estern eingesetzt werden können. Durch intramolekulare Dehydratisierung der beiden Zuckeralkohole kann insbesondere der Verzweigungsgrad der Polyolester kontrolliert und damit auch deren Eigenschaftspotential, beispielsweise das für die Verwendung als Schmiermittel oder Hydraulikflüssigkeit entscheidende Viskositätsverhalten, beeinflusst werden. Auch hier spielt die Stereochemie der Verbindungen eine entscheidende Rolle.Partially dehydrated derivatives of the two sugar alcohols D-sorbitol and D-mannitol are particularly suitable as starting components for the ester synthesis, since they have excellent chemical, thermal and hydrolytic stability properties. The intramolecular dehydration of the sugar alcohols leads to cyclic compounds which can be used as polyols for the preparation of esters. By intramolecular dehydration of the two sugar alcohols, in particular the degree of branching of the polyol esters can be controlled and thus also their property potential, for example the viscosity behavior decisive for use as lubricant or hydraulic fluid, can be influenced. Again, the stereochemistry of the compounds plays a crucial role.

Untersuchungen der Anmelder der vorliegenden Erfindung haben überraschenderweise gezeigt, dass die Veresterung von Gemischen, die D-Sorbit und dessen dehydratisierte Derivate Monoanhydrosorbit und Dianhydrosorbit sowie D-Mannit und dessen dehydratisierte Derivate Monoanhydromannit und Dianhydromannit umfassen, also die Veresterung von Gemischen, die offenkettige und cyclische Moleküle von D-Sorbit und D-Mannit enthalten, mit Carbonsäuren, insbesondere Fettsäuren aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen, zu vollständig oder nahezu vollständig veresterten n-Alkylester-Produktgemischen führt. Die erhaltenen Produktgemische, die vollständig veresterte offenkettige und cyclische Moleküle der beiden Zuckeralkohole enthalten, weisen hervorragende Schmierstoff- und Hydraulikflüssigkeit-Eigenschaften, beispielsweise für diesen Anwendungsbereich hervorragend geeignetes Viskositäts-Temperatur-Verhalten, ein sehr gutes Kältefließverhalten und eine sehr gute Kältestabilität, ein sehr gutes Verschleißverhalten, das heißt Lasttragevermögen, eine sehr gute Resistenz gegen oxidative Alterung, ein sehr gutes Schaumverhalten, ein sehr gutes Luftabscheidevermögen und eine vorteilhafte Viskositätslage auf. Überraschenderweise hat sich herausgestellt, dass die Eigenschaften des erhaltenen Produktgemisches einerseits von der Struktur der einzelnen offenkettigen und cyclischen Produkte abhängen und dass andererseits innerhalb des Produktgemisches Synergismen auftreten, die insbesondere hinsichtlich der für einen Schmierstoffeinsatz erforderlichen Eigenschaften, wie Viskositäts-Kälteeigenschaften und Oxidationsstabilität, als äußerst positiv zu bewerten sind.Investigations by the present applicants have surprisingly shown that the esterification of mixtures comprising D-sorbitol and its dehydrated derivatives monoanhydrosorbitol and dianhydrosorbitol and D-mannitol and its dehydrated derivatives monoanhydromannitol and dianhydromannite, ie the esterification of mixtures, the open-chain and cyclic Contain molecules of D-sorbitol and D-mannitol, with carboxylic acids, in particular fatty acids from renewable raw materials, leads to completely or almost completely esterified n-alkyl ester product mixtures. The resulting product mixtures containing fully esterified open-chain and cyclic molecules of the two sugar alcohols, have excellent lubricant and hydraulic fluid properties, for example, for this application highly suitable viscosity-temperature behavior, a very good cold flow behavior and a very good cold stability, a very good Wear behavior, ie load bearing capacity, a very good resistance to oxidative aging, a very good foaming behavior, a very good Luftabscheidevermögen and an advantageous viscosity. Surprisingly, it has been found that the properties of the product mixture obtained depend, on the one hand, on the structure of the individual open-chain and cyclic products and, on the other hand, that synergisms occur within the product mixture which are extremely pronounced, in particular with regard to the properties required for lubricant use, such as viscosity-cold properties and oxidation stability positive.

Im Zusammenhang mit der vorliegenden Erfindung bedeutet der Begriff "zur Verwendung als Schmiermittel geeignet", dass ein Stoff oder Stoffgemisch die Reibung und Beanspruchung sich gegen- oder aufeinanderbewegender Maschinenteile vermindern kann. Solche Stoffe vermindern dadurch den Energieverbrauch und Materialverschleiß und wirken ferner als Kühlmittel. "Zur Verwendung als Hydraulikflüssigkeit geeignet" bedeutet dass ein Stoff oder Stoffgemisch solche Eigenschaften aufweist, die eine Verwendung des Stoffes oder Stoffgemisches in hydrostatischen oder hydrokinetischen (hydrodynamischen) Systemen als Energieübertragungs-Flüssigkeit ermöglichen. "Zur Verwendung als Schmiermittel oder als Hydraulikflüssigkeit" bedeutet erfindungsgemäß insbesondere, dass solche Stoffe oder Stoffgemische zur Verwendung als Basisflüssigkeit für Schmiermittel oder Hydrauliköle geeignet sind und schließt die Zugabe weiterer herkömmlicherweise verwendeter Additive für Schmiermittel oder Hydrauliköle, wie phenolischer und/oder aminischer Antioxidantien, Phosphor/Schwefel-Extrem pressure/Antiwear-Zusätze, Korrosionsinhibitoren, Schauminhibitoren und ähnlicher nicht aus.In the context of the present invention, the term "suitable for use as a lubricant" means that a substance or mixture of substances may reduce the friction and stress of counteracting or moving machinery parts. Such substances thereby reduce energy consumption and material wear and also act as a coolant. "Suitable for use as hydraulic fluid" means that a substance or Mixture has such properties that allow use of the substance or mixture in hydrostatic or hydrokinetic (hydrodynamic) systems as energy transfer fluid. "For use as a lubricant or as a hydraulic fluid" means according to the invention in particular that such substances or mixtures are suitable for use as a base fluid for lubricants or hydraulic oils and excludes the addition of other conventionally used additives for lubricants or hydraulic oils, such as phenolic and / or amino antioxidants, phosphorus / Sulfur extreme pressure / antiwear additives, corrosion inhibitors, foam inhibitors and the like are not enough.

Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung betrifft daher eine Zusammensetzung, umfassend ein Gemisch von D-Sorbit, D-Mannit und cyclischen Derivaten davon, wobei diese Bestandteile mit mindestens einer Carbonsäure verestert sind, als Basisflüssigkeit für Schmiermittel oder als Basisflüssigkeit für Hydrauliköle, wobei die Zusammensetzung zusätzlich Schmiermittel-typische oder Hydrauliköltypische Additive enthält, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus phenolischen und/oder aminischen Antioxidantien, Phosphor/Schwefel-Extrem pressure/Antiwear-Zusätzen, Korrosionsinhibitoren und Schauminhibitoren.A preferred embodiment of the invention therefore relates to a composition comprising a mixture of D-sorbitol, D-mannitol and cyclic derivatives thereof, wherein these components are esterified with at least one carboxylic acid, as a base liquid for lubricants or as a base liquid for hydraulic oils, wherein the composition additionally Contains typical lubricant or hydraulic oil additives selected from the group consisting of phenolic and / or amine antioxidants, phosphorus / sulfur extreme pressure / antiwear additives, corrosion inhibitors, and foam inhibitors.

Eine besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung betrifft eine Zusammensetzung, die neben veresterten offenkettigen Molekülen von D-Sorbit und D-Mannit auch veresterte cyclische D-Sorbitund D-Mannit-Derivate umfasst, wobei die cyclischen Derivate der beiden Zuckeralkohole insbesondere Mono- und Dianhydrohexite sind.A particularly preferred embodiment of the invention relates to a composition which, in addition to esterified open-chain molecules of D-sorbitol and D-mannitol, also esterified cyclic D-sorbitol and D-mannitol derivatives, wherein the cyclic derivatives of the two sugar alcohols are in particular mono- and Dianhydrohexite.

Die Untersuchungen der Erfinder der vorliegenden Erfindung haben darüber hinaus ergeben, dass Zusammensetzungen, die vollständig oder nahezu vollständig veresterte offenkettige und cyclische D-Sorbitund D-Mannit-Moleküle enthalten, besonders vorteilhafte Eigenschaften für den Schmierstoffbereich aufweisen. Zusammensetzungen, in denen die freien Hydroxyl-Gruppen der verwendeten Polyol-Bestandteile nur partiell mit Carbonsäuren verestert sind, weisen hingegen zusätzlich eine emulgierende Wirkung auf. Eine solche emulgierende Wirkung führt jedoch bei technischen Einsätzen des Produktgemisches zu unerwünschten Effekten, beispielsweise Schaumbildung.In addition, investigations by the inventors of the present invention have revealed that compositions containing fully or nearly completely esterified open-chain and cyclic D-sorbitol and D-mannitol molecules have particularly advantageous properties for the lubricant region. By contrast, compositions in which the free hydroxyl groups of the polyol constituents used are only partially esterified with carboxylic acids additionally have an emulsifying action. However, such an emulsifying effect leads to undesirable effects in technical applications of the product mixture, for example foaming.

Erfindungsgemäß ist daher vorgesehen, dass in den erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzungen, die mit mindestens einer Carbonsäure veresterte offenkettige und cyclische D-Sorbit- und D-Mannit-Moleküle umfassen, bei jedem einzelnen Molekül mindestens zwei der freien, verfügbaren Hydroxyl-Gruppen mit einer Carbonsäure verestert sind. Im Zusammenhang mit der vorliegenden Erfindung bedeutet der Ausdruck "mit mindestens einer Carbonsäure verestert", dass die freien Hydroxyl-Gruppen eines einzelnen Polyol-Moleküls, unabhängig davon, ob es ein offenkettiges oder ein cyclisches Molekül von D-Sorbit oder D-Mannit ist, mit unterschiedlichen Carbonsäure-Resten verestert sein können. Erfindungsgemäß besonders bevorzugt ist eine Zusammensetzung, in der bei jedem einzelnen D-Sorbit- oder D-Mannit-Molekül alle oder nahezu alle freien Hydroxyl-Gruppen mit einer Carbonsäure verestert sind. Die erfindungsgemäße Zusammensetzung, die ein Gemisch aus offenkettigen und cyclischen Molekülen der Zuckeralkohole D-Sorbit und D-Mannit umfasst, ist daher vorzugsweise vollständig mit mindestens einer Carbonsäure verestert, da die Zusammensetzung dadurch Eigenschaften aufweist, die für den Einsatz der Zusammensetzung als Basisflüssigkeit für Schmierstoffe oder Hydraulikflüssigkeiten von essentieller Bedeutung sind.According to the invention, it is therefore provided that in the compositions according to the invention which comprise open-chain and cyclic D-sorbitol and D-mannitol molecules esterified with at least one carboxylic acid, at least two of the free, available hydroxyl groups are esterified with a carboxylic acid for each individual molecule , In the context of the present invention, the term "esterified with at least one carboxylic acid" means that the free hydroxyl groups of a single polyol molecule, whether it is an open-chain or a cyclic molecule of D-sorbitol or D-mannitol, can be esterified with different carboxylic acid residues. Particularly preferred according to the invention is a composition in which in each individual D-sorbitol or D-mannitol molecule, all or nearly all free hydroxyl groups are esterified with a carboxylic acid. The composition according to the invention, which comprises a mixture of open-chain and cyclic molecules of the sugar alcohols D-sorbitol and D-mannitol, is therefore preferably completely esterified with at least one carboxylic acid, since the composition thereby has properties which are suitable for use of the composition as a base fluid for lubricants or hydraulic fluids are of essential importance.

Erfindungsgemäß ist insbesondere vorgesehen, dass die erfindungsgemäß verwendeten cyclischen und offenkettigen D-Sorbit- und D-Mannit-Moleküle mit aliphatischen Alkylcarbonsäuren und/oder deren Derivaten verestert sind. Eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung betrifft daher eine Zusammensetzung, in der der Säurebestandteil des erfindungsgemäßen PolyolGemisches eine ungesättigte oder gesättigte, verzweigte oder unverzweigte Carbonsäure oder ein Derivat davon oder ein Gemisch davon ist. Erfindungsgemäß kann es sich dabei um eine Monocarbonsäure, eine Dicarbonsäure, eine Tricarbonsäure, ein Derivat davon oder ein Gemisch davon handeln. Für die Einstellung der Viskosität kann insbesondere die Umsetzung mit Di- und Tricarbonsäuren erfolgen, die in einem weiteren Schritt mit Fettalkoholen wieder verestert werden, um so die niedrigen Säurezahlen einzuhalten, das heißt, das Carbonsäure-Derivat ist ein Ester einer Di- oder Tricarbonsäure mit einem Fettalkohol. Erfindungsgemäß werden zur Veresterung der Polyol-Bestandteile der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzung insbesondere Fettsäuren, die aus nachwachsenden heimischen pflanzlichen Rohstoffen gewonnen werden können, sowie deren technische Fettsäureschnitte eingesetzt. Die Verwendung von aus heimischen nachwachsenden Rohstoffen gewonnenen Fettsäuren als Alkyl-Bestandteil der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzung erfolgt insbesondere unter dem Blickwinkel der Ressourcenschonung und der biologischen Abbaubarkeit der veresterten Polyol-Produkte.According to the invention it is provided in particular that the cyclic and open-chain D-sorbitol and D-mannitol molecules used according to the invention are esterified with aliphatic alkylcarboxylic acids and / or derivatives thereof. One embodiment of the invention therefore relates to a composition in which the acid component of the polyol mixture according to the invention is an unsaturated or saturated, branched or unbranched carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof or a mixture thereof. According to the invention, this may be a monocarboxylic acid, a dicarboxylic acid, a tricarboxylic acid, a derivative thereof or a mixture thereof. For the adjustment of the viscosity, in particular the reaction can be carried out with di- and tricarboxylic acids, which are reesterified with fatty alcohols in a further step so as to comply with the low acid numbers, that is, the carboxylic acid derivative is an ester of a di- or tricarboxylic acid a fatty alcohol. According to the invention, the esterification of the polyol constituents of the composition according to the invention in particular fatty acids, which can be obtained from renewable domestic vegetable raw materials, as well as their technical fatty acid cuts used. The use of fatty acids obtained from domestic renewable raw materials as the alkyl constituent of the composition according to the invention takes place, in particular, from the point of view of resource conservation and biodegradability of the esterified polyol products.

Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung betrifft eine Zusammensetzung, bei der die offenkettigen und cyclischen D-Sorbit- und D-Mannit-Moleküle mit Monocarbonsäuren verestert sind. Die Kettenlänge des Alkyl-Bestandteiles hat auf die Eigenschaften des resultierenden veresterten Produktes, beispielsweise das Hochtemperatur- und Viskositäts-Kälteverhalten, einen signifikanten Einfluss. Erfindungsgemäß ist daher vorgesehen, dass die Polyol-Bestandteile der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzung vorzugsweise mit C2-C24-Monocarbonsäuren, besonders bevorzugt mit C4-C18-Monocarbonsäuren verestert sind.A preferred embodiment of the invention relates to a composition in which the open-chain and cyclic D-sorbitol and D-mannitol molecules are esterified with monocarboxylic acids. The chain length of the alkyl moiety has a significant impact on the properties of the resulting esterified product, such as the high temperature and viscosity cold behavior. According to the invention, it is therefore provided that the polyol constituents of the composition according to the invention are preferably esterified with C 2 -C 24 monocarboxylic acids, more preferably with C 4 -C 18 monocarboxylic acids.

Eine besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung betrifft eine Zusammensetzung, bei der die offenkettigen und cyclischen D-Sorbit- und D-Mannit-Moleküle mit Essig-, Butter-, Isobutan-, Valerian-, Isovalerian-, Capron-, Enantin-, Capryl-, 2-Ethylcapron-, Pelargon-, Caprin-, Laurin-, Myristin-, Myristolein-, Palmitin-, Palmitolein-, Stearin-, Öl-, Elaidin-, Rhizinus-, Linol-, Linolin-, Eleostearin-, Arachidin-, Behen- oder Erucasäure oder Gemischen davon verestert sind. Vorzugsweise handelt es sich um natürlich vorkommende pflanzliche Fettsäuren.A particularly preferred embodiment of the invention relates to a composition in which the open-chain and cyclic D-sorbitol and D-mannitol molecules are reacted with acetic, butyric, isobutane, valeric, isovaleric, caproic, enantine, caprylic, , 2-ethylcapron, pelargon, caprine, lauric, myristic, myristolein, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, elaidic, castor, linoleic, linoline, eleostearin, arachidine , Beehive or erucic acid or mixtures thereof are esterified. Preferably, they are naturally occurring vegetable fatty acids.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind die offenkettigen und cyclischen D-Sorbit- und D-Mannit-Moleküle mit Dicarbonsäuren, insbesondere C2-C24-Dicarbonsäuren, vorzugsweise C4-C18-Dicarbonsäuren verestert. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform handelt es sich dabei um Oxalsäure, Malonsäure, Succinsäure, Glutar-, Adipin-, Pimelin-, Malein-, Fumar- oder Sorbinsäure.In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the open-chain and cyclic D-sorbitol and D-mannitol molecules are esterified with dicarboxylic acids, in particular C 2 -C 24 dicarboxylic acids, preferably C 4 -C 18 dicarboxylic acids. In a preferred embodiment, these are oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric, adipic, pimelinic, maleic, fumaric or sorbic acid.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind die offenkettigen und cyclischen Zuckeralkohol-Moleküle mit Tricarbonsäuren, beispielsweise Zitronensäure, verestert.In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the open-chain and cyclic sugar alcohol molecules are esterified with tricarboxylic acids, for example citric acid.

Erfindungsgemäß ist auch vorgesehen, dass Derivate der Carbonsäuren, wie Anhydride, gemischte Anhydride, Alkylester und insbesondere Carbonsäurechloride, zur Veresterung der Derivate eingesetzt werden können. Bei Anhydriden handelt es sich um die Produkte einer Säure, beispielsweise einer Carbonsäure, die beispielsweise durch Dehydratisierung erhältlich sind. Bei Wasseraustritt aus zwei verschiedenen Säuren können gemischte Anhydride erhalten werden. Alkylester können durch eine durch Säuren wie Schwefelsäure etc. katalysierte Umsetzung von Carbonsäuren mit Alkoholen hergestellt werden. Eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung betrifft daher Zusammensetzungen, bei denen die offenkettigen und cyclischen D-Sorbit- und D-Mannit-Moleküle mit Carbonsäuren-Derivaten, beispielsweise Anhydriden, gemischten Anhydriden, Alcylestern und/oder insbesondere Carbonsäurechloriden, verestert sind.It is also provided according to the invention that derivatives of the carboxylic acids, such as anhydrides, mixed anhydrides, alkyl esters and, in particular, carboxylic acid chlorides, can be used for the esterification of the derivatives. Anhydrides are the products of an acid, for example a carboxylic acid, which are obtainable, for example, by dehydration. When water is released from two different acids, mixed anhydrides can be obtained. Alkyl esters can be prepared by reacting carboxylic acids catalyzed by acids such as sulfuric acid etc. with alcohols. A further preferred embodiment of the invention therefore relates to compositions in which the open-chain and cyclic D-sorbitol and D-mannitol molecules with carboxylic acid derivatives, for example Anhydrides, mixed anhydrides, alcyl esters and / or in particular carboxylic acid chlorides are esterified.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform können die Zuckeralkohol-Moleküle auch mit Isomeren von Carbonsäuren, wie cis/trans-Isomeren innerhalb des Gerüstes oder an geometrischen Positionen, verestert sein. Bei Isomeren handelt es sich um Verbindungen mit gleichen Brutto-, jedoch unterschiedlichen Strukturformeln. Cis/trans-Isomere sind Stereoisomere, die durch eine unterschiedliche Atomanordnung im dreidiemnsionalen Raum gekennzeichnet sind, insbesondere durch die unterschiedliche Anordnung der Substituenten. Stereoisomere unterscheiden sich also in der Konfiguration und/oder der Konformation.In a further preferred embodiment, the sugar alcohol molecules may also be esterified with isomers of carboxylic acids, such as cis / trans isomers within the framework or at geometric positions. Isomers are compounds with the same gross, but different structural formulas. Cis / trans isomers are stereoisomers characterized by a different atomic arrangement in three-dimensional space, in particular by the different arrangement of the substituents. Stereoisomers thus differ in configuration and / or conformation.

Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass der Anteil der veresterten offenkettigen und cyclischen D-Sorbit-Derivate an der Gesamtzusammensetzung insbesondere 95 % bis 5 % beträgt und der Anteil der veresterten offenkettigen und cyclischen D-Mannit-Derivate dementsprechend bei 5% bis 95 % liegt. Vorzugsweise liegt der Anteil der veresterten D-Sorbit-Derivate an der Gesamtzusammensetzung bei 92 % bis 50 % und der Anteil der veresterten D-Mannit-Derivate bei 8 % bis 50 %. Besonders bevorzugt liegt der Anteil der veresterten D-Sorbit-Derivate an der Gesamtzusammensetzung bei 90 % bis 70% und der Anteil der veresterten D-Mannit-Derivate bei 10 % bis 30 %.According to the invention, the proportion of the esterified open-chain and cyclic D-sorbitol derivatives in the overall composition is in particular 95% to 5% and the proportion of esterified open-chain and cyclic D-mannitol derivatives is accordingly from 5% to 95%. Preferably, the proportion of esterified D-sorbitol derivatives in the overall composition is from 92% to 50% and the proportion of esterified D-mannitol derivatives is from 8% to 50%. More preferably, the proportion of esterified D-sorbitol derivatives in the total composition is 90% to 70% and the proportion of esterified D-mannitol derivatives is 10% to 30%.

Eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung betrifft eine erfindungsgemäße Zusammensetzung, die ein Gemisch von mit mindestens einer Carbonsäure veresterten offenkettigen und cyclischen D-Sorbit- und D-Mannit-Molekülen umfasst, und zusätzlich mindestens ein weiteres offenkettiges und/oder cyclisches Kohlenhydrat, Polyol, ein Derivat davon oder ein Gemisch davon enthält, das mit mindestens einer Carbonsäure, einem Derivat davon oder einem Gemisch davon verestert ist. Durch den Zusatz weiterer veresterter Kohlenhydrate und/oder Polyole können die anwendungstechnischen Eigenschaften der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzung, insbesondere im Hinblick auf das Viskositäts-Temperatur-Verhalten, Viskositäts-Druck-Verhalten, Alterungs- und Oxidationsbeständigkeit, Hydrolysebeständigkeit, Kompressibilität, Elastomerverträglichkeit, Verträglichkeit mit den in entsprechenden Aggregaten eingesetzten Materialien, Schaumverhalten, Luftabscheidevermögen, Kälteeigenschaften, Reibkoeffizient, Verschleißschutz im Vierkugelapparat (VKA) nach DIN 58524 etc. entsprechend den jeweiligen spezifischen Anforderungen angepasst und modifiziert werden.A further preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to a composition according to the invention, comprising a mixture of open-chain and cyclic D-sorbitol and D-mannitol molecules esterified with at least one carboxylic acid, and additionally containing at least one further open-chain and / or cyclic carbohydrate, polyol, a derivative thereof, or a mixture thereof, containing at least a carboxylic acid, a derivative thereof or a mixture thereof esterified. By adding further esterified carbohydrates and / or polyols, the performance characteristics of the composition according to the invention, in particular with regard to the viscosity-temperature behavior, viscosity-pressure behavior, aging and oxidation resistance, hydrolysis resistance, compressibility, elastomer compatibility, compatibility with the in appropriate materials used, foam behavior, Luftabscheidevermögen, cold properties, coefficient of friction, wear protection in Vierkugelapparat (VKA) according to DIN 58524 etc. adapted and modified according to the specific requirements.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass das Kohlenhydrat und/oder Polyol ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend einem Monosaccharid wie Glucose, Fructose, Mannose, Arabinose, Xylose, Sorbose und Galactose, einem Disaccharid wie Saccharose, Maltose, Trehalose, Lactose, Isomaltulose und Trehalulose, einem Trisaccharid, wie Raffinose, einem Zuckeralkohol, wie Erythrit, Xylit, Sorbit, Mannit, Maltit, Lactit, Arabit, 6-0-α-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-sorbit (1,6-GPS), 1-0-α-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-sorbit (1,1-GPS) und 1-0-α-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-mannit (1,1-GPM), Stärkehydrolysaten, Fructooligosacchariden, hydrierten Produkten davon oder einem Gemisch davon, wie Isomalt als Gemisch von 1,6-GPS und 1,1-GPM.In a preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that the carbohydrate and / or polyol is selected from the group consisting of a monosaccharide such as glucose, fructose, mannose, arabinose, xylose, sorbose and galactose, a disaccharide such as sucrose, maltose, trehalose, lactose, Isomaltulose and trehalulose, a trisaccharide such as raffinose, a sugar alcohol such as erythritol, xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, maltitol, lactitol, arabitol, 6-0-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-sorbitol (1,6-GPS), 1 -0-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-sorbitol (1,1-GPS) and 1-0-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannitol (1,1-GPM), starch hydrolysates, fructo-oligosaccharides, hydrogenated products thereof or a mixture thereof, such as isomalt as a mixture of 1,6-GPS and 1,1-GPM.

Erfindungsgemäß sind die veresterten offenkettigen und cyclischen Derivate der weiteren Kohlenhydrate oder Polyole mit den gleichen Carbonsäuren verestert wie die D-Sorbit- und D-Mannit-Derivaten. Vorzugsweise sind sie daher mit aliphatischen n-Alkylcarbonsäuren und/oder deren Derivaten verestert, also mit ungesättigten oder gesättigten, verzweigten oder unverzweigten Carbonsäuren oder Derivaten davon oder einem Gemisch davon. In bevorzugter Ausführungsform sind die weiteren Kohlenhydrat- und/oder Polyol-Derivate mit Monocarbonsäuren, Dicarbonsäuren, Tricarbonsäuren, Derivaten davon oder einem Gemisch davon verestert. Für die Einstellung der Viskosität kann insbesondere die Umsetzung mit einer Di- und Tricarbonsäure erfolgen, die in einem weiteren Schritt mit Fettalkoholen wieder verestert werden, um so die niedrigen Säurezahlen einzuhalten. Das heißt, zur Umsetzung kann ein Ester einer Di- oder Tricarbonsäure mit einem Fettalkohol verwendet werden. Erfindungsgemäß werden zur Veresterung dieser weiteren Bestandteile der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzung insbesondere Fettsäuren, die aus nachwachsenden heimischen pflanzlichen Rohstoffen gewonnen werden können, sowie deren technische Fettsäureschnitte eingesetzt.According to the invention, the esterified open-chain and cyclic derivatives of the other carbohydrates or polyols are esterified with the same carboxylic acids as the D-sorbitol and D-mannitol derivatives. Preferably, they are therefore esterified with aliphatic n-alkylcarboxylic acids and / or their derivatives, ie with unsaturated or saturated, branched or unbranched carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof or a mixture thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the further carbohydrate and / or polyol derivatives are esterified with monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic acids, derivatives thereof or a mixture thereof. For the adjustment of the viscosity, in particular the reaction can be carried out with a di- and tricarboxylic acid, which are esterified again in a further step with fatty alcohols, so as to comply with the low acid numbers. That is, for the reaction, an ester of a di- or tricarboxylic acid with a fatty alcohol can be used. For the esterification of these further constituents of the composition according to the invention, in particular fatty acids which can be obtained from renewable domestic vegetable raw materials and their technical fatty acid cuts are used according to the invention.

Erfindungsgemäß ist es insbesondere vorgesehen, dass der Anteil der weiteren veresterten Kohlenhydrat- und/oder Zuckeralkohol-Derivate an der Gesamtzusammensetzung 0,5 % bis 50 %, vorzugsweise 1 bis 40 %, besonders bevorzugt 5 bis 30 %, beträgt.According to the invention, it is provided in particular that the proportion of the further esterified carbohydrate and / or sugar alcohol derivatives in the overall composition 0.5% to 50%, preferably 1 to 40%, particularly preferably 5 to 30%.

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft auch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Zusammensetzung, die ein Gemisch aus partiell oder vollständig mit carbonsäure veresterten D-Sorbit, D-Mannit und den cyclischen Derivaten davon umfasst, umfassend

  1. a) Cyclisierung der Zuckeralkohole durch Dehydratisierung, wobei ein Gemisch aus Monoanhydrohexiten, Dianhydrohexiten und offenkettigen Zuckeralkohol-Molekülen erhalten wird, und
  2. b) partielle oder vollständige Veresterung der in unterschiedlichem Maß dehydratisierten Hexite mit mindestens einer Carbonsäure, mindestens einem Derivat davon oder einem Gemisch davon, oder
  3. c) Cyclisierung und partielle oder vollständige Veresterung als Eintopfreaktion.
The present invention also relates to a process for preparing a composition comprising a mixture of partially or completely carboxylic acid esterified D-sorbitol, D-mannitol and the cyclic derivatives thereof
  1. a) cyclization of the sugar alcohols by dehydration to give a mixture of monoanhydrohexites, dianhydrohexites and open-chain sugar alcohol molecules, and
  2. b) partial or complete esterification of the dehydrated hexites with at least one carboxylic acid, at least one derivative thereof or a mixture thereof, or
  3. c) Cyclization and partial or complete esterification as a one-pot reaction.

Die Cyclisierung von D-Sorbit ist im Stand der Technik bekannt. So hat Lewis (Surfactant Sci. Ser., 72 (1998), 219-223 ) durch Isolierung und Charakterisierung der Produkte gezeigt, dass D-Sorbit über eine Dehydratisierung in einen substituierten Furanring, das 1,4-Sorbitan oder Monoanhydrosorbit (MAS), und unter nochmaliger Wasserabspaltung in eine bicyclische Struktur, das Isosorbit oder 1,4:3,6-Dianhydrosorbit (DAS) überführt werden kann. Aus neueren Untersuchungen geht hervor, dass neben der 1,4-Sorbitan-Form auch andere Sorbitan-Isomere, beispielsweise das 3,6-Sorbitan, das 2,5-Sorbitan und das 5,2-Sorbitan, gebildet werden können ( Bock et al., Acta Chem. Scand., 35 (1981), 441 ). Bei 1,4- oder 3,6-Sorbitan kann eine weitere Dehydratisierung erfolgen, wobei in beiden Fällen 1,4:3,6-Dianhydrosorbit erhalten wird. Bei den 2,5- und 5,2-Sorbitan-Isomeren ist eine erneute Wasserabspaltung nicht möglich. Das 1,4-Sorbitan-Isomer kann leicht als kristallisierbarer Feststoff isoliert werden, während das 3,6-Isomer schwer nachzuweisen ist. Durch Auswahl geeigneter Umsetzungsbedingungen kann erreicht werden, dass die Cyclisierung von D-Sorbit nur partiell erfolgt, so dass ein Gemisch erhalten wird, das im wesentlichen die nicht-cyclisierte D-Sorbit-Form, also die offenkettige Form, Monoanhydrosorbit und Dianhydrosorbit enthält. Analog dazu kann auch D-Mannit in Monoanhydromannit (MAM) und Dianhydromannit (DAM) überführt werden ( Reiff, in: Ullmanns Enzyk. Techn. Chem., Herausgeber Bartholome et al., 4. Auflage, Band 24 (1983), 772-777, Verlag Chemie Weinheim ).The cyclization of D-sorbitol is known in the art. So had Lewis (Surfactant Sci. Ser., 72 (1998), 219-223 ) by isolation and characterization of the products showed that D-sorbitol can be converted into a substituted furan ring, the 1,4-sorbitan or monoanhydrosorbitol (MAS) by dehydration, and with further dehydration into a bicyclic structure, the isosorbitol or 1,4: 3 , 6-dianhydrosorbitol (DAS) can be transferred. Recent research shows that in addition to the 1,4-sorbitan form, other sorbitan isomers, for example, the 3,6-sorbitan, the 2,5-sorbitan and the 5,2-sorbitan, can be formed ( Bock et al., Acta Chem. Scand., 35 (1981), 441 ). For 1,4- or 3,6-sorbitan, further dehydration may occur, with 1,4: 3,6-dianhydrosorbitol being obtained in both cases. For the 2,5- and 5,2-sorbitan isomers, a renewed dehydration is not possible. The 1,4-sorbitan isomer can be readily isolated as a crystallizable solid while the 3,6-isomer is difficult to detect. By selecting suitable reaction conditions can be achieved that the cyclization of D-sorbitol is only partially, so that a mixture is obtained which contains substantially the non-cyclized D-sorbitol form, ie the open-chain form, monoanhydrosorbitol and dianhydrosorbitol. Analogously, D-mannitol can also be converted into monoanhydromannitol (MAM) and dianhydromannite (DAM) ( Reiff, in: Ullmann's Enzyk. Techn. Chem., Ed. Bartholome et al., 4th Edition, Volume 24 (1983), 772-777, Verlag Chemie Weinheim ).

Ausgehend von den Zuckeralkoholen D-Sorbit und D-Mannit in jeweils gewünschten Anteilen wird daher zunächst in der ersten Stufe, vorzugsweise in Gegenwart eines Katalysators, ein Gemisch offenkettiger Zuckeralkohol-Moleküle, also D-Sorbit und D-Mannit, und cyclischer Zuckeralkohol-Moleküle, also Anhydro- und Dianhydohexite, hergestellt. Anschließend wird in der zweiten Stufe, beispielsweise mit dem gleichen Katalysator oder mit einem zweiten Katalysator, unter Verwendung geeigneter Reagenzien die Veresterung oder Umesterung dieses Gemisches mit gesättigten oder ungesättigten, verzweigten beziehungsweise unverzweigten Carbonsäuren, Derivaten davon oder Gemischen davon durchgeführt. Erfindungsgemäß können zur Veresterung Monocarbonsäuren, Dicarbonsäuren, Tricarbonsäuren, Derivate davon oder ein Gemisch davon verwendet werden.Starting from the sugar alcohols D-sorbitol and D-mannitol in respectively desired proportions, a mixture of open-chain sugar alcohol molecules, that is to say D-sorbitol and D-mannitol, and cyclic sugar alcohol molecules is therefore first in the first stage, preferably in the presence of a catalyst , Anhydro- and Dianhydohexite produced. Subsequently, in the second stage, for example with the same catalyst or with a second catalyst, using suitable reagents, the esterification or transesterification of this mixture with saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched carboxylic acids, derivatives thereof or mixtures thereof. Monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic acids, derivatives thereof or a mixture thereof can be used according to the invention for the esterification.

Erfindungsgemäß besonders bevorzugt ist die Verwendung von C2-C24-Monocarbonsäuren, wie Essig-, Butter-, Isobuten-, Valerian-, Isovalerian-, Capron-, Enantin-, Capryl-, 2-Ethylcapron-, Pelargon-, Caprin-, Laurin-, Myristin-, Myristolein-, Palmitin-, Palmitolein-, Stearin-, Öl-, Elaidin-, Rhizinus-, Linol-, Linolen-, Eleostearin-, Arachidin-, Behen- oder Erucasäure.Particularly preferred according to the invention is the use of C 2 -C 24 -monocarboxylic acids, such as acetic, butyric, isobutene, valeric, isovaleric, caproic, enantinic, caprylic, 2-ethylcaprone, pelargonic, capric , Lauric, myristic, myristolein, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, elaidic, castor, linoleic, linolenic, eleostearic, arachidic, beehive or erucic acids.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung können zur Veresterung auch CarbonsäureDerivate, wie Anhydride, gemischte Anhydride, Alkylester, insbesondere Carbonsäurechloride, oder Isomere wie cis/trans-Isomere innerhalb des Gerüstes oder an einer geometrischen Position eingesetzt werden.In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, carboxylic acid derivatives, such as anhydrides, mixed anhydrides, alkyl esters, especially carboxylic acid chlorides, or isomers such as cis / trans isomers can be used within the framework or at a geometric position for the esterification.

Erfindungsgemäß ist dabei insbesondere vorgesehen, dass diese Veresterung beziehungsweise Umesterung so durchgeführt wird, dass mindestens zwei Hydroxylgruppen bei jedem offenkettigen oder cyclischen Zuckeralkohol-Molekül verestert werden. Erfindungsgemäß besonders bevorzugt werden alle freien Hydroxyl-Gruppen jedes offenkettigen und cyclischen Zuckeralkohol-Moleküls verestert. Der Veresterungsgrad der Moleküle kann durch Auswahl geeigneter Reaktionsbedingungen gesteuert werden.According to the invention, it is provided in particular that this esterification or transesterification is carried out such that at least two hydroxyl groups are esterified in each open-chain or cyclic sugar alcohol molecule. Most preferably, according to the invention, all free hydroxyl groups of each open-chain and cyclic sugar alcohol molecule are esterified. The degree of esterification of the molecules can be controlled by selecting appropriate reaction conditions.

Die gewünschten veresterten Produkte können sowohl diskontinuierlich als auch kontinuierlich hergestellt werden, dass heißt, Cyclisierung und Veresterung der Zuckeralkohole können entweder kontinuierlich oder diskontinuierlich durchgeführt werden. Beide Reaktionsschritte können in bekannten organischen Lösungsmitteln wie Toluol, DMSO, Pyridin, DMF usw. oder aber lösungsmittelfrei in Gegenwart eines oder mehrerer geeigneter Katalysatoren erfolgen.The desired esterified products can be prepared both batchwise and continuously, that is, cyclization and esterification of the sugar alcohols can be carried out either continuously or batchwise. Both reaction steps can be carried out in known organic solvents such as toluene, DMSO, pyridine, DMF, etc. or solvent-free in the presence of one or more suitable catalysts.

Als Katalysatoren beziehungsweise Katalysator-Mischungen finden erfindungsgemäß insbesondere Übergangsmetall-Verbindungen von Sn, Ti, Zn/Cu usw., insbesondere Salze, Oxide, Alkyle, etc. davon, Mineralsäuren wie HCl, H2SO4 und H3PO4, organische Säuren wie p-Toluonsulfonsäure, Methansulfonsäure und Sulfobernsteinsäure, sowie saure Ionenaustauscher, Alkalisalze wie Natrium- oder Kaliumhydroxid, Natrium- oder Kaliumcarbonat, Natrium- oder Kaliumethanolat, Natrium- oder Kaliummethanolat, Zeolithe oder ein Gemisch davon Verwendung. Erfindungsgemäß ist insbesondere die Kombination aus p-Toluolsulfonsäure als Katalysator für die Cyclisierungsreaktion und einem Zinn-Oxalatkatalysator, beispielsweise Tegokat 160® von der Fa. Goldschmidt, als Veresterungskatalysator bevorzugt. Diese Katalysatorkombination erweist sich als äußerst effektiv hinsichtlich der Synthese der gewünschten Produkte. Besonders vorteilhaft war die annehmbare Farbe der dadurch erhaltenen Produkte, so dass keine oder nur wenige weitere Aufreinigungsschritte durchgeführt werden mussten. Bei Verwendung von Caprylsäureanhydrid als Veresterungsreagens führt diese erfindungsgemäß bevorzugte Katalysatorkombination zu einer praktisch vollständigen Umsetzung. Bei Verwendung dieser Katalysatorkombination ist auch eine vollständige Veresterung mit Caprylsäure als Veresterungsreagens möglich. Eine weitere erfindungsgemäß bevorzugte Katalysatorkombination umfasst die p-Toluolsulfonsäure als Katalysator zur Cyclisierung und Dibutylzinnoxid als Katalysator zur Veresterung.Particularly suitable catalysts or catalyst mixtures according to the invention are transition metal compounds of Sn, Ti, Zn / Cu, etc., in particular salts, oxides, alkyls, etc. thereof, mineral acids such as HCl, H 2 SO 4 and H 3 PO 4 , organic acids such as p-toluene sulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid and sulfosuccinic acid, and acidic ion exchangers, alkali metal salts such as sodium or potassium hydroxide, sodium or potassium carbonate, sodium or potassium, sodium or potassium, zeolites or a mixture thereof use. According to the invention is in particular the combination of p-toluenesulfonic acid as catalyst for the cyclization reaction and a tin Oxalatkatalysator, for example Tegokat 160 ® by the company. Goldschmidt, preferably as an esterification catalyst. This combination of catalysts has proven to be extremely effective in the synthesis of the desired products. Particularly advantageous was the acceptable color of the products thus obtained, so that no or only a few further purification steps had to be carried out. When using caprylic anhydride as esterification reagent leads this inventively preferred catalyst combination to a virtually complete implementation. When using this combination of catalysts complete esterification with caprylic acid as esterification is possible. Another catalyst combination which is preferred according to the invention comprises p-toluenesulfonic acid as catalyst for cyclization and dibutyltin oxide as catalyst for esterification.

Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung sieht vor, dass die Cyclisierungsreaktion bei einer Temperatur von 80°C bis 190°C, besonders bevorzugt bei 100°C bis 170°C durchgeführt wird. Die Veresterungsreaktion findet insbesondere bei einer Temperatur von 120°C bis 280°C, vorzugsweise bei einer Temperatur von 160°C bis 250°C statt.A preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the cyclization reaction is carried out at a temperature of 80 ° C to 190 ° C, more preferably at 100 ° C to 170 ° C. The esterification reaction takes place in particular at a temperature of 120 ° C. to 280 ° C., preferably at a temperature of 160 ° C. to 250 ° C.

Erfindungsgemäß ist insbesondere vorgesehen, dass während der beiden Schritte, insbesondere während der Cyclisierung der Zuckeralkohole, das während der Umsetzung entstehende Wasser ständig abgeführt wird. Das aus der Reaktion entstehende Wasser wirkt sich insbesondere ungünstig auf die Lage des Gleichgewichtes bei der anschließenden Veresterung aus und wird daher vorzugsweise entfernt. Beispielsweise kann das bei der Cyclisierung entstehende Wasser als Dampf mit Hilfe eines gegen Ende der Reaktion durch den Kolben geleiteten Stickstoffstromes entfernt werden. Erfindungsgemäß ist also vorgesehen, das während der Cyclisierung und/oder Veresterung entstehende Wasser vorzugsweise mittels Rektifikation oder Azeotroprektifikation zu entfernen.According to the invention it is provided in particular that during the two steps, in particular during the cyclization of the sugar alcohols, the water formed during the reaction is constantly removed. The water resulting from the reaction has a particularly unfavorable effect on the position of the equilibrium in the subsequent esterification and is therefore preferably removed. For example, the water formed in the cyclization may be removed as steam by means of a nitrogen stream passed through the flask towards the end of the reaction. According to the invention, it is therefore provided to remove the water formed during the cyclization and / or esterification, preferably by means of rectification or azeotropic rectification.

Zusammengefasst umfassen die erfindungsgemäß bevorzugten Reaktionsbedingungen für die Cyclisierung die folgenden Parameter: die Verwendung eines Rührreaktors, wobei Stickstoff durch den Reaktor hindurchgeleitet werden kann oder auch nicht, die Entfernung des bei der Reaktion entstehenden Wassers durch Destillation, insbesondere mittels Rektifikation und Azeotroprektifikation, die Durchführung der Cyclisierung in einem Lösungsmittel, besonders bevorzugt jedoch ohne Lösungsmittel, vorzugsweise bei einer Temperatur von 70°C bis 180°C, besonders bevorzugt bei 100°C bis 160°C, eine Reaktionsdauer von 0,2 bis 6 Stunden, vorzugsweise 0,5 bis 3 Stunden, und Durchführung der Reaktion in Gegenwart eines Katalysators, wobei die Menge des verwendeten Katalysators bezogen auf die Zuckerausgangsstoffe bei 0,05 bis 10 Ges.-%, vorzugsweise bei 0,1 - 5 Gew.-% liegt.In summary, the cyclization reaction conditions preferred according to the present invention include the following parameters: the use of a stirred reactor wherein nitrogen may or may not be passed through the reactor, removal of the water produced by the reaction by distillation, particularly by rectification and azeotropic rectification Cyclization in a solvent, particularly preferably without solvent, preferably at a temperature of 70 ° C to 180 ° C, more preferably at 100 ° C to 160 ° C, a reaction time of 0.2 to 6 hours, preferably 0.5 to 3 hours, and carrying out the reaction in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the amount of catalyst used based on the sugar starting materials at 0.05 to 10 Ges .-%, preferably 0.1 to 5 wt .-%.

Zusammengefasst umfassen die erfindungsgemäß bevorzugten Reaktionsbedingungen für die Veresterung bei diskontinuierlichem Betrieb die folgenden Parameter: Verwendung eines Rührreaktors, wobei die Veresterung erfindungsgemäß auch zwei- bis fünfstufig in einer Rührkesselkaskade durchgeführt werden kann, Entfernung von Wasser während der Reaktion durch Rektifikation/Destillation oder Azeotroprektifikation, Durchführung der Reaktion in einem organischen Lösungsmittel, beispielsweise Toluol, DMF oder Ether, oder ohne Lösungsmittel, eine Reaktionsdauer von 2 bis 36 Stunden, vorzugsweise 8 bis 26 Stunden, und Durchführung der Veresterung in Gegenwart eines Katalysators, wobei die Katalysatormenge, bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge, bei 0,05 - 10 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise bei 0,1 - 5 Gew.-% liegt. Die Ausgangssubstanzen Polyol und Säure liegen, bezogen auf die Monomereinheiten, vorzugsweise in einem Verhältnis von 1:1 bis 1:10 vor, besonders bevorzugt in einem Verhältnis von 1:1,5 bis 1:7. Die Veresterung bei diskontinuierlichem Betrieb wird erfindungsgemäß im Vakuum bei 1013 bis 5 mbar, vorzugsweise bei 300 bis 10 mbar durchgeführt.In summary, the preferred reaction conditions for esterification in batch operation according to the invention include the following parameters: Use of a stirred reactor, wherein the esterification can also be carried out in a stirred tank cascade two to five stages, removal of water during the reaction by rectification / distillation or azeotropic rectification, implementation the reaction in an organic solvent, for example toluene, DMF or ether, or without solvent, a reaction time of 2 to 36 hours, preferably 8 to 26 hours, and carrying out the esterification in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the amount of catalyst, based on the total amount, at 0.05 - 10 Wt .-%, preferably 0.1 to 5 wt .-% is. The starting materials polyol and acid, based on the monomer units, are preferably present in a ratio of 1: 1 to 1:10, more preferably in a ratio of 1: 1.5 to 1: 7. The esterification in discontinuous operation according to the invention is carried out in vacuo at 1013 to 5 mbar, preferably at 300 to 10 mbar.

Die erfindungsgemäß bevorzugten Reaktionsbedingungen für die Veresterung bei kontinuierlicher Betriebsweise umfassen die Verwendung einer Glockenbodenkolonne mit Abschnitten für die Rektifikation/Destillation sowie für die Reaktion, wobei erfindungsgemäß das Gegenstromprinzip eingesetzt wird. Dabei wird die Zuckeralkohol-Lösung (vorzugsweise eine 30 %-ige bis 90 %-ige wässrige Lösung) kontinuierlich auf einen oben liegenden Boden beziehungsweise eine Lösung eines bereits cyclisierten Polyols beziehungsweise eine Mischung aus den vorgenannten Komponenten und/oder einer Lösung aus einem bereits teilveresterten Polyol aufgegeben. Wie bei der diskontinuierlichen Betriebsweise wird eine Katalysatormenge, bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse, von 0,05 bis 10 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise von 0,1 bis 5 Gew.-% eingesetzt. Im Falle von Homogenkatalysatoren werden diese auf den obersten Boden kontinuierlich aufgegeben beziehungsweise dem Eduktstrom beigemischt. Feste Katalysatoren werden auf den Glockenböden verteilt. Die Säurekomponenten beziehungsweise Mischungen davon werden auf den untersten Boden als überhitzter Dampf aufgegeben. Das Produkt wird im Sumpf der Kolonne abgenommen, während das Wasser am Kopf der Kolonne entfernt wird.The preferred reaction conditions for the esterification in continuous operation according to the invention include the use of a bubble tray column with sections for the rectification / distillation and for the reaction, wherein the countercurrent principle is used according to the invention. In this case, the sugar alcohol solution (preferably a 30% to 90% aqueous solution) continuously to an overhead soil or a solution of an already cyclized polyol or a mixture of the aforementioned components and / or a solution of an already partially esterified Abandoned polyol. As in the batchwise operation, a catalyst amount, based on the total mass, of 0.05 to 10 wt .-%, preferably from 0.1 to 5 wt .-% is used. In the case of homogeneous catalysts, these are continuously fed to the uppermost soil or admixed with the educt stream. Solid catalysts are distributed on the bell bottoms. The acid components or mixtures thereof are applied to the bottom soil as superheated steam. The product is removed in the bottom of the column while the water is removed at the top of the column.

Mitgerissene Säurekomponenten werden aus einem Phasentrenner in die Kolonne zurückgeführt. Die Temperaturen zur Durchführung der Veresterung bei kontinuierlicher Betriebsweise liegen vorzugsweise bei 120°C bis 280°C, vorzugsweise bei 160°C bis 250°C. Die Reaktions- beziehungsweise Verweilzeiten liegen bei 1 bis 24 Stunden, vorzugsweise bei 4 bis 10 Stunden. Das Verhältnis von Polyol- und Säurekomponenten liegt erfindungsgemäß bei 1:1 bis 1:10, vorzugsweise bei 1:1,5 bis 1:7. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung erfolgt die Vorreaktion bis zur Homogenisierung in einem Rührkessel und anschließend die praktisch vollständige Veresterung in der Kolonne.Entrained acid components are recycled from a phase separator in the column. The temperatures for carrying out the esterification in continuous operation are preferably from 120 ° C to 280 ° C, preferably at 160 ° C to 250 ° C. The reaction or residence times are from 1 to 24 hours, preferably from 4 to 10 hours. The ratio of polyol and acid components according to the invention is 1: 1 to 1:10, preferably 1: 1.5 to 1: 7. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pre-reaction is carried out until homogenization in a stirred tank and then virtually complete esterification in the column.

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft auch die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzungen, die ein Gemisch von offenkettigen und cyclischen Derivaten von D-Sorbit und D-Mannit, die mit mindestens einer Carbonsäure, mindestens einem Derivat davon oder einem Gemisch davon verestert sind, enthalten, wobei die Zusammensetzungen gegebenenfalls weitere veresterte offenkettige und/oder cyclische Kohlenhydrat- oder Polyol-Derivate oder Gemische davon enthalten können, die ebenfalls mit mindestens einer Carbonsäure, mindestens einem Derivat davon oder einem Gemisch davon verestert sind. Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass diese Zusammensetzungen, die nach einem der erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellt werden können, als Schmiermittel und Funktionsflüssigkeit verwendet werden können, insbesondere als Fluid zur Schmierung von Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, mechanischen Kraftübertragungen wie Getrieben in Kraftfahrzeugen und stationären Anwendungen, Gaskompressoren, Kältemaschinen, Turbinen, und Ketten wie Sägeketten, als Öl zur Schmierung beweglicher Teile in Industriemaschinen und von Formen und Schalungen bei der Herstellung von Formteilen, als Universalöl für Traktoren und andere bewegliche Arbeitsmaschinen, als Schmierfett, als Stoßdämpferflüssigkeit, als Fluid für hydraulisch arbeitende Kraftübertragungen und Antriebe, die Härtung von metallischen Werkstoffen, die nicht spangebende Metallumformung, die spangebende Metallbearbeitung unter Überflutung und die spangebende Metallbearbeitung unter Minimalmengenschmierung, als Korrosionsschutzfluid, als Öl zur Isolierung elektrischer Bauteile wie Transformatoren und als Wärmeübertragungsöl.The present invention also relates to the use of the compositions of the invention containing a mixture of open-chain and cyclic derivatives of D-sorbitol and D-mannitol esterified with at least one carboxylic acid, at least one derivative thereof, or a mixture thereof; optionally further esterified open-chain and / or cyclic carbohydrate or polyol derivatives or mixtures thereof, which are also esterified with at least one carboxylic acid, at least one derivative thereof or a mixture thereof. According to the invention, these compositions, which can be prepared by one of the processes according to the invention, can be used as lubricant and functional fluid, in particular as fluid for lubricating internal combustion engines, mechanical power transmissions such as transmissions in motor vehicles and stationary applications, Gas compressors, chillers, turbines, and chains such as saw chains, as an oil for lubricating moving parts in industrial machines and molds and formwork in the production of molded parts, as a universal oil for tractors and other mobile work machines, as a grease, as a shock absorber liquid, as a fluid for hydraulic working Power transmissions and drives, hardening of metallic materials, non-cutting metal forming, metal cutting under flooding and metal cutting under minimum quantity lubrication, as corrosion protection fluid, as oil for the insulation of electrical components such as transformers and as heat transfer oil.

Die Erfindung wird durch die folgenden Beispiele näher erläutert.The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.

Beispiel 1example 1

Cyclisierung von D-SorbitCyclization of D-sorbitol

Die geeigneten Reaktionsbedingungen für die Cyclisierung von D-Sorbit zu den Hauptprodukten Monoanhydrosorbit (MAS) und Dianhydrosorbit (DAS) wurden in zahlreichen Vorversuchen ermittelt. Aus diesen Vorversuchen ergab sich beispielsweise, dass auf den Einsatz eines Lösungsmittels verzichtet werden konnte. Ferner zeigte sich, dass Reaktionstemperaturen über 140°C oder Reaktionszeiten von mehr als zwei Stunden zu Produkten führten, deren Färbung zu intensiv war, so dass sie nach Veresterung nicht als Basisflüssigkeit für Schmierstoffe eingesetzt werden konnten.The appropriate reaction conditions for the cyclization of D-sorbitol to the main products monoanhydrosorbitol (MAS) and dianhydrosorbitol (DAS) were determined in numerous preliminary experiments. For example, these preliminary tests revealed that it was possible to dispense with the use of a solvent. Furthermore, it was found that reaction temperatures above 140 ° C or reaction times of more than two hours led to products whose color was too intense, so they do not after esterification could be used as base liquid for lubricants.

Die Dehydratisierung fand direkt in der D-Sorbit-Schmelze statt, so dass auf den Einsatz eines Lösungsmittels verzichtet werden konnte. Die Abhängigkeit der Zusammensetzung des Produktgemisches von der Dauer der Dehydratisierung wurde mit Hilfe von Verlaufsproben, die gaschromatografisch analysiert wurden, untersucht. Aufgrund seines störenden Einflusses auf die nachfolgende Veresterung wurde das bei der Dehydratisierung freigesetzte Wasser als Dampf mit Hilfe eines gegen Ende der Reaktion durch den Kolben geleiteten Stickstoffstroms entfernt. Während der Gehalt an Dianhydrosorbit (DAS) während der Reaktion nur langsam zunahm, stieg der Sorbitan-Anteil wesentlich schneller an. Die langsame Zunahme der Menge an DAS deckte sich mit der Tatsache, dass dessen Bildung eine Folgereaktion der Dehydratisierung von D-Sorbit zu MAS war. Das Maximum der MAS- beziehungsweise DAS-Konzentration war auch nach zwei Stunden nicht erreicht, das heißt es lag zum Teil noch nicht cyclisiertes D-Sorbit vor.The dehydration took place directly in the D-sorbitol melt, so that it was possible to dispense with the use of a solvent. The dependence of the composition of the product mixture on the duration of the dehydration was investigated by means of course samples, which were analyzed by gas chromatography. Due to its interfering influence on the subsequent esterification, the water released during the dehydration was removed as steam by means of a nitrogen stream passed through the flask towards the end of the reaction. While the content of dianhydrosorbitol (DAS) increased only slowly during the reaction, the sorbitan content increased much faster. The slow increase in the amount of DAS was consistent with the fact that its formation was a sequential reaction of dehydration of D-sorbitol to MAS. The maximum of the MAS or DAS concentration was not reached even after two hours, that is, there was partly still not cyclized D-sorbitol.

Die den Veresterungen vorangehenden Cyclisierungen wurden bei 140°C und einer Reaktionszeit von 1 Stunde 45 Minuten durchgeführt, da in dieser Zeitspanne geeignete Produktgemische erhalten wurden. Hauptprodukt nach Ende der Cyclisierung war das Monoanhydrid mit einem Anteil von 56 bis 74 %, gefolgt von nicht dehydratisiertem D-Sorbit (37 bis 12 %) und Dianhydrosorbit (2 bis 6 %).The esterifications preceding cyclizations were carried out at 140 ° C and a reaction time of 1 hour 45 minutes, since in this period of time suitable product mixtures were obtained. The main product after the end of the cyclization was the monoanhydride in a proportion of 56 to 74%, followed by undehydrated D-sorbitol (37 to 12%) and dianhydrosorbitol (2 to 6%).

Beispiel 2Example 2

Cyclisierung eines äquimolaren D-Sorbit/D-Mannit-GemischesCyclization of an equimolar D-sorbitol / D-mannitol mixture

Die Cyclisierung eines äquimolaren D-Sorbit/D-Mannit-Gemisches wurde analog zur Dehydratisierung von D-Sorbit durchgeführt. Aufgrund des höheren Schmelzpunktes von D-Mannit, der bei 168°C liegt (Schmelzpunkt von D-Sorbit 110°C bis 112°C), musste die Wasserabspaltung bei höherer Temperatur durchgeführt werden. Erst bei 155°C löste sich D-Mannit in der D-Sorbit-Schmelze vollständig auf und wurde durch Zugabe von 0,3 % p-Toluolsulfonsäure (p-TSA), bezogen auf die Hexitmasse, cyclisiert, wobei die Reaktionszeit auf 75 Minuten begrenzt wurde. Auf diese Weise konnte die aus der thermischen Belastung resultierende Verfärbung der Reaktionsmischung relativ gering gehalten werden. Ähnlich wie bei der Dehydratisierung von D-Sorbit wurde gebildetes Wasser aus der Reaktionsmischung entfernt.The cyclization of an equimolar D-sorbitol / D-mannitol mixture was carried out analogously to the dehydration of D-sorbitol. Due to the higher melting point of D-mannitol, which is at 168 ° C (melting point of D-sorbitol 110 ° C to 112 ° C), the elimination of water had to be carried out at a higher temperature. Only at 155 ° C, D-mannitol dissolved completely in the D-sorbitol melt and was cyclized by addition of 0.3% p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA), based on the hexitol, with the reaction time of 75 minutes was limited. In this way, the resulting from the thermal stress discoloration of the reaction mixture could be kept relatively low. Similar to the dehydration of D-sorbitol, formed water was removed from the reaction mixture.

Aus dem Verlauf der Cyclisierung eines äquimolaren D-Sorbit/D-Mannit-Gemisches unter Verwendung von p-TSA konnte geschlossen werden, dass die Wasserabspaltung bei D-Mannit deutlich langsamer erfolgt als bei D-Sorbit. Während nach schneller Zunahme des Gehaltes an Sorbitan das Maximum an einfach dehydratiertem D-Sorbit bereits nach 90 Minuten erreicht war, war die Konzentration an Monoanhydromannit (MAM) noch im Ansteigen begriffen. Nach 2 Stunden war die Konzentration an MAS zugunsten des in der Folge entstehenden, vollständigen dehydratisierten DAS leicht zurückgegangen. Der Gehalt an DAS nahm ebenfalls schneller zu als der an Dianhydromannit (DAM).From the course of the cyclization of an equimolar D-sorbitol / D-mannitol mixture using p-TSA, it could be concluded that the dehydration of D-mannitol is much slower than that of D-sorbitol. While after a rapid increase in the sorbitan content, the maximum of singly dehydrated D-sorbitol was reached after only 90 minutes, the concentration of monoanhydromannitol (MAM) was still increasing. After 2 hours, the concentration of MAS had slightly decreased in favor of the resulting complete dehydrated DAS. The content of DAS also increased faster than dianhydromannite (DAM).

Beispiel 3Example 3

Diskontinuierliche Cyclisierung von D-Sorbit/D-Mannit und Veresterung mit Caprylsäure (Variante I)Batch cyclization of D-sorbitol / D-mannitol and esterification with caprylic acid (variant I)

In einem Rührreaktor wurden 250 g einer 1:1-Mischung von D-Sorbit und D-Mannit in Gegenwart von 0,8 g p-Toluolsulfonsäure 1,25 Stunden bei 155°C dehydratisiert. Nach Zugabe von 1,05 kg Caprylsäure und 6 g Zinnoxalat wurde die Mischung 10 Stunden bei 195°C gerührt, wobei Wasser destillativ entfernt wurde. Nach beendeter Reaktion und Entfernung des Katalysators wurde die überschüssige Säure unter Vakuum entfernt. Als Produkt wurde ein klares hellgelbes Öl erhalten.In a stirred reactor 250 g of a 1: 1 mixture of D-sorbitol and D-mannitol were dehydrated in the presence of 0.8 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid at 155 ° C for 1.25 hours. After adding 1.05 kg of caprylic acid and 6 g of tin oxalate, the mixture was stirred for 10 hours at 195 ° C, whereby water was removed by distillation. After completion of the reaction and removal of the catalyst, the excess acid was removed under vacuum. The product was a clear light yellow oil.

Beispiel 4Example 4

Diskontinuierliche Cyclisierung von D-Sorbit/D-Mannit und Veresterung mit Caprylsäure (Variante II)Batch cyclization of D-sorbitol / D-mannitol and esterification with caprylic acid (variant II)

In einem Rührkessel wurden 500 g einer 1:1 Mischung von D-Sorbit und D-Mannit in Gegenwart von 1,6 g p-Toluolsulfonsäure 1,25 Stunden bei 155°C dehydratisiert. Nach Zugabe einer Mischung von 1,95 kg Caprylsäure und 0,2 kg Essigsäure sowie 11,5 g Zinnoxalat wurde die Mischung 8 Stunden bei 190°C gerührt, wobei Wasser destillativ entfernt wurde. Nach beendeter Reaktion und Entfernung des Katalysators wurde überschüssige Säure unter Vakuum entfernt. Als Produkt wurde ein klares fast farbloses Öl erhalten.500 g of a 1: 1 mixture of D-sorbitol and D-mannitol in the presence of 1.6 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid were dehydrated in a stirred tank at 155 ° C. for 1.25 hours. After adding a mixture of 1.95 kg of caprylic acid and 0.2 kg of acetic acid and 11.5 g of tin oxalate, the mixture was stirred for 8 hours at 190 ° C, whereby water was removed by distillation. After completion of the reaction and removal of the catalyst, excess acid was removed under vacuum. The product was a clear, almost colorless oil.

Beispiel 5Example 5

Kontinuierliche Cyclisierung von D-Sorbit/D-Mannit und Veresterung mit CaprinsäureContinuous cyclization of D-sorbitol / D-mannitol and esterification with capric acid

Die Reaktion wurde in einer Glockenbodenkolonne (11 praktische Böden, statistisches Hold-up = 200 ml/Boden, Innendurchmesser der Böden = 80 mm, Höhe = 100 mm/Boden) durchgeführt. Auf dem dritten Boden von oben wurden 1,4 mol/h einer 1:1-Mischung aus D-Sorbit und D-Mannit als 60 %ige (gen.-%) wässrige Lösung zugegeben. Die Böden 2 bis 12 waren mit je 200 ml hoch temperaturstabiles saures Austauscherharz befüllt. Außerdem wurden drei kg/h Caprinsäure (9,1 mol/h) als überhitzter Dampf auf den untersten Boden aufgegeben. Die Kolonne wurde bei 195°C betrieben. Ein Caprinsäure/Wasser-Gemisch wurde über den Kopf der Kolonne abgezogen. Nach Abkühlung und Phasenseparation wurde Wasser abgetrennt, während Caprinsäure wieder in den Kopf der Kolonne zurückgegeben wurde. Aus der kalten Blase der Kolonne wurden 3,1 kg/h Caprinsäure-haltiger Zuckerester gewonnen. Überschüssige Säure wurde im Vakuum entfernt und das Produkt wurde als fast farbloses Öl isoliert.The reaction was carried out in a bubble tray column (11 practical trays, statistical hold-up = 200 ml / tray, inner diameter of trays = 80 mm, height = 100 mm / tray). On the third tray from above, 1.4 mol / h of a 1: 1 mixture of D-sorbitol and D-mannitol as a 60% (gen.%) Aqueous solution was added. The trays 2 to 12 were filled with 200 ml of highly temperature-stable acidic exchange resin. In addition, three kg / h of capric acid (9.1 mol / h) were added as superheated steam to the bottom soil. The column was operated at 195 ° C. A capric acid / water mixture was withdrawn through the top of the column. After cooling and phase separation, water was separated while capric acid was returned to the top of the column. 3.1 kg / h of capric acid-containing sugar ester were obtained from the cold bubble of the column. Excess acid was removed in vacuo and the product was isolated as an almost colorless oil.

Beispiel 6Example 6

Verwendung einer Zusammensetzung, umfassend ein Gemisch aus veresterten offenkettigen und cyclisierten D-Sorbit/D-Mannit-Derivaten (MMDDSM-Ester)Use of a composition comprising a mixture of esterified open-chain and cyclized D-sorbitol / D-mannitol derivatives (MMDDSM esters)

Das in den vorstehenden Beispielen 3 bis 5 gewonnene Estergemisch (MMDDSM), umfassend Monoanhydrosorbit, Monoanhydromannit. Dianhydrosorbit, Dianhydromannit, D-Sorbit und D-Mannit, wobei alle Derivate vollständig mit Caprylsäure oder Caprinsäure verestert waren, wurde hinsichtlich seiner Eignung als Basisflüssigkeit für Hydrauliköle getestet. Das MMDDSM-Ester-Gemisch wurde mit typischen Additiven für Hydrauliköle, wie phenolischen und aminischen Antioxidantien, Phosphor/Schwefel-Extrem pressure/Antiwear-Zusätzen, Korrosionsinhibitoren und einem Schauminhibitor additiviert. Die dabei erhaltene Zusammensetzung wies die folgenden Eigenschaften auf:

  • Kinematische Viskosität bei 40°C: 44 mm2/s. Die kinematische Viskosität ist als vorteilhaft zu beurteilen, da der überraschenderweise ermittelte Wert der am meisten verwendeten Viskositätsklasse ISO VG 46 entspricht.
  • Pourpoint: -48°C. Die Messung erfolgte nach DIN ISO 3016. Der bestimmte Pourpoint-Wert ist als sehr gut zu beurteilen.
  • Langzeit-Kältestabilität: Die Basisflüssigkeit war nach 3 Tagen bei -25°C noch fließfähig. Der Wert ist als gut zu beurteilen.
  • Luftabscheidevermögen bei 50°C: 1 Minute. Das Luftabscheidevermögen wurde nach DIN 51381 gemessen und ist mit sehr gut zu beurteilen.
  • Demulgiervermögen: 15 Minuten bei 50°C. Die Messung erfolgte nach DIN 51599. Der Wert ist als gut zu beurteilen.
  • Lasttragevermögen/Verschleißverhalten: Laststufe (12) noch schadensfrei im Testverfahren FZG A/8,3/90. Der Verschleißkalottendurchmesser beträgt 0,30 mm im Vierkugelapparat nach DIN 51350. Die Werte sind als sehr gut zu beurteilen.
  • Alterungsstabilität: 2100 Stunden im Turbine Oil Stability-Test ohne Wasser-Zusatz, bis eine Säurezahl von 2 mg KOH/g erreicht ist. Dieser Messwert ist als sehr gut zu beurteilen, da für ein Hydrauliköl höchster Qualität auf Esterbasis mindestens 2000 Stunden anzustreben sind.
The ester mixture (MMDDSM) obtained in the above Examples 3 to 5, comprising monoanhydrosorbitol, monoanhydromannitol. Dianhydrosorbitol, dianhydromannitol, D-sorbitol, and D-mannitol, all derivatives of which were completely esterified with caprylic acid or capric acid, were tested for their suitability as base fluids for hydraulic oils. The MMDDSM ester blend was additized with typical hydraulic oil additives such as phenolic and amine antioxidants, extreme ultraviolet / sulfur extreme pressure / antiwear additives, corrosion inhibitors, and a foam inhibitor. The resulting composition had the following properties:
  • Kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C: 44 mm 2 / s. The kinematic viscosity is to be considered advantageous, since the surprisingly determined value of the most commonly used viscosity class corresponds to ISO VG 46.
  • Pour point: -48 ° C. The measurement was carried out in accordance with DIN ISO 3016. The determined pour point value can be considered very good.
  • Long-term cold stability: The base liquid was still flowable after 3 days at -25 ° C. The value is good.
  • Air separation capacity at 50 ° C: 1 minute. The Luftabscheidevermögen was measured according to DIN 51381 and is very good to judge.
  • Demulsification: 15 minutes at 50 ° C. The measurement was carried out according to DIN 51599. The value is to be assessed as good.
  • Load carrying capacity / wear behavior : Load stage (12) still free of damage in the test procedure FZG A / 8,3 / 90. The wear caliper diameter is 0.30 mm in the four-ball apparatus according to DIN 51350. The values are to be regarded as very good.
  • Aging Stability : 2100 hours in the Turbine Oil Stability Test without water addition until an acid value of 2 mg KOH / g is reached. This reading is considered very good as it requires at least 2,000 hours for the highest quality ester-based hydraulic oil.

Vergleichsbeispiel 1Comparative Example 1

Zum Vergleich wurde eine Basisflüssigkeit auf der Basis von Glycerin, das vollständig mit einem. Gemisch aus Caprylsäure und Caprinsäure verestert war, verglichen. Diese Basisflüssigkeit wurde mit phenolischen und aminischen Antioxidantien, Phosphor/Schwefel-Extrem pressure/Antiwear-Zusätzen, Korrosionsinhibitoren und einem Schauminhibitor additiviert, wobei die Zusätze identisch zu den im Beispiel 6 verwendeten waren. Für diese Basisflüssigkeit wurden die folgenden Eigenschaften als Hydraulikflüssigkeit ermittelt:

  • Kinematische Viskosität bei 40°C: 15 mm2/s. Für die meisten Applikationen ist der ermittelte Wert als zu niedrig zu beurteilen.
  • Pourpoint: -10°C. Die Messung erfolgte ebenfalls nach DIN ISO 3016. Für die meisten Applikationen, insbesondere in kälteren Klimaten ist dieser Wert als nicht niedrig genug zu beurteilen.
  • Langzeit-Kältestabilität: Nach drei Tagen bei -25°C nicht mehr fließfähig. In kalten Klimaten ist dieser ermittelte Wert nicht akzeptabel.
  • Luftabscheidevermögen bei 50°C: 6 Minuten. Die Messung erfolgte nach DIN 51381. Dieser Wert ist als mäßig gut zu beurteilen.
  • Demulgiervermögen: 20 Minuten bei 50°C. Die Messung erfolgte nach DIN 51599. Der Wert ist als gut zu beurteilen.
  • Lasttragevermögen/Verschleißverhalten: Im Testverfahren FZG A/8,3/90 wurde Laststufe 10 noch schadensfrei ermittelt. Der Verschleißkalottendurchmesser betrug 0,35 mm im Vierkugelapparat nach DIN 51350. Diese Werte sind als mäßig gut zu beurteilen.
  • Alterungsstabilität: 1200 Stunden im Turbine Oil Stability-Test ohne Wasser-Zusatz, bis eine Säurezahl von 2 mg KOH/g erreicht wurde. Dieser Wert ist als mäßig gut zu beurteilen.
For comparison, a base liquid based on glycerol, which was completely with a. Mixture of caprylic acid and capric acid was esterified compared. This base fluid was additized with phenolic and amine antioxidants, phosphorus / sulfur extreme pressure / antiwear additives, corrosion inhibitors and a foam inhibitor, the additives being identical to those used in Example 6. For this base liquid, the following properties were determined as hydraulic fluid:
  • Kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C: 15 mm 2 / s. For most applications, the determined value is too low.
  • Pour point: -10 ° C. The measurement was also carried out according to DIN ISO 3016. For most applications, especially in colder climates, this value is not to be considered low enough.
  • Long-term cold stability: After three days at -25 ° C no longer flowable. In cold climates, this determined value is not acceptable.
  • Air separation capacity at 50 ° C: 6 minutes. The measurement was carried out according to DIN 51381. This value is to be judged as moderately good.
  • Demulsification: 20 minutes at 50 ° C. The measurement was carried out according to DIN 51599. The value is to be assessed as good.
  • Load carrying capacity / wear behavior: In test procedure FZG A / 8,3 / 90 load level 10 was determined without damage. The wear caliper diameter was 0.35 mm in the four-ball apparatus according to DIN 51350. These values are to be regarded as moderately good.
  • Aging Stability : 1200 hours in the Turbine Oil Stability Test without added water until an acid value of 2 mg KOH / g was achieved. This value is considered moderately good.

Vergleichsbeispiel 2Comparative Example 2

In diesem Beispiel wurde als Basisflüssigkeit Glycerin, das vollständig mit Sonnenblumenöl-Fettsäure (high oleic-Qualität, Ölsäureanteil 80 %) vollständig verestert war, verwendet. Als Zusätze wurden phenolische und aminische Antioxidantien, Phosphor/Schwefel-Extrem pressure/Antiwear-Zusätze, Korrosionsinhibitoren und ein Schauminhibitor verwendet, wobei die Zusätze identisch zu denen in Beispiel 6 waren. Für diese Basisflüssigkeit wurden die folgenden Eigenschaften ermittelt:

  • Kinematische Viskosität bei 40°C: 38 mm2/s
  • Pourpoint: -10°C. Die Messung erfolgte nach DIN ISO 3016. Dieser Wert ist für die meisten Applikationen, insbesondere in kälteren Klmaten, nicht niedrig genug.
  • Langzeit-Kältestabilität: Nach drei Tagen bei -25°C nicht mehr fließfähig. Dieser Wert ist in kalten Klimaten nicht akzeptabel.
  • Luftabscheidevermögen bei 50°C: 4 Minuten. Die Messung erfolgte nach DIN 51381. Der Wert ist als gut zu beurteilen.
  • Demulgiervermögen: 22 Minuten bei 50°C. Die Messung erfolgte nach DIN 51599. Der Wert ist als gut zu beurteilen.
  • Lasttragevermögen/Verschleißverhalten: Die Laststufe (12) noch schadensfrei im Testverfahren FZG A/8,3/90. Der Verschleißkalottendurchmesser im Vierkugelapparat nach DIN 51350 betrug 0,31 mm. Die Werte sind als sehr gut zu beurteilen.
  • Alterungsstabilität: 450 Stunden im Turbine Oil Stability-Test ohne Wasserzusatz, bis eine Säurezahl von 2 mg KOH/g erreicht ist. Dieser Wert ist als schlecht zu beurteilen.
In this example, glycerol completely fully esterified with sunflower oil fatty acid (high oleic grade, oleic acid content 80%) was used as the base fluid. As additives, phenolic and amine antioxidants, phosphorus / sulfur extreme pressure / antiwear additives, corrosion inhibitors and a foam inhibitor were used, the additives being identical to those in Example 6. The following properties were determined for this base fluid:
  • Kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C: 38 mm 2 / s
  • Pour point: -10 ° C. The measurement was carried out according to DIN ISO 3016. This value is not low enough for most applications, especially in colder Klmaten.
  • Long-term cold stability: After three days at -25 ° C no longer flowable. This value is not acceptable in cold climates.
  • Air separation capacity at 50 ° C: 4 minutes. The measurement was carried out according to DIN 51381. The value is to be assessed as good.
  • Demulsification: 22 minutes at 50 ° C. The measurement was carried out according to DIN 51599. The value is to be assessed as good.
  • Load carrying capacity / wear behavior: The load stage (12) still free of damage in the test procedure FZG A / 8,3 / 90. The wear caliper diameter in Four-ball apparatus according to DIN 51350 was 0.31 mm. The values are very good.
  • Aging Stability : 450 hours in the Turbine Oil Stability Test without added water until an acid value of 2 mg KOH / g is reached. This value is considered bad.

Zusammenfassend lassen sich die Werte für das erfindungsgemäße MMDDSM-Estergemisch und die beiden Vergleichsbasisflüssigkeiten wie folgt beurteilen. Das erfindungsgemäße MMDDSM-Estergemisch zeigt ein sehr gutes Kältefließverhalten und eine sehr gute Kältestabilität, ein sehr gutes Verschleißverhalten, das heißt Lasttragevermögen, eine sehr gute Resistenz gegen oxidative Alterung, ein sehr gutes Luftabscheidevermögen und eine vorteilhafte Viskositätslage.In summary, the values for the MMDDSM ester mixture according to the invention and the two comparison base liquids can be assessed as follows. The MMDDSM ester mixture according to the invention shows a very good cold flow behavior and a very good cold stability, a very good wear behavior, ie load carrying capacity, a very good resistance to oxidative aging, a very good air separation ability and an advantageous viscosity.

Das Vergleichsbeispiel 1 zeigt gegenüber dem erfindungsgemäßen MMDDSM-Ester eine nur für wenige Einsatzfälle brauchbare Viskositätslage, ein deutlich schlechteres Fließverhalten bei tiefen Temperaturen, ein geringeres Lasttragevermögen und eine mäßige Resistenz gegen oxidative Alterung. Das Vergleichsbeispiel 2 zeigt gegenüber dem erfindungsgemäßen MMDDSM-Ester ein deutlich schlechteres Fließverhalten bei tieferen Temperaturen und eine schlechte Resistenz gegen oxidative Alterung.Compared to the MMDDSM ester according to the invention, Comparative Example 1 shows a viscosity layer which is useful only for a few applications, a markedly poorer flow behavior at low temperatures, a lower load-carrying capacity and a moderate resistance to oxidative aging. Compared to the MMDDSM ester according to the invention, Comparative Example 2 shows markedly poorer flow behavior at lower temperatures and poor resistance to oxidative aging.

Claims (35)

  1. Lubricant composition comprising a mixture of D-sorbitol, monoanhydrosorbitol, dianhydrosorbitol, D-mannitol, monoanhydromannitol and dianhydromannitol, which have fully or nearly fully been esterified with carboxylic acid.
  2. Composition according to claim 1, wherein the carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of a saturated carboxylic acid, unsaturated carboxylic acid, branched carboxylic acid, unbranched carboxylic acid, derivatives thereof and mixtures thereof.
  3. Composition according to claim 2, wherein the carboxylic acid is a monocarboxylic acid, dicarboxylic acid, tricarboxylic acid, a derivative thereof or a mixture thereof.
  4. Composition according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the monocarboxylic acid is a C2-C24 carboxylic acid.
  5. Composition according to any of claims 2 to 4, wherein the monocarboxylic acid is a C4-C18 carboxylic acid.
  6. Composition according to any of claims 2 to 5, wherein the monocarboxylic acid is acetic acid, butyric acid, isobutanoic acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, 2-ethylcaproic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, rhizoleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, eleostearic acid, arachic acid, behenic acid or erucic acid.
  7. Composition according to any of claims 2 to 6, wherein the derivative of the carboxylic acid is an anhydride, mixed anhydride, an alkyl ester or in particular a carboxylic chloride.
  8. Composition according to claim 7, wherein the derivative of the carboxylic acid is an ester of a di- or tricarboxylic acid with a fatty alcohol.
  9. Composition according to any of claims 2 to 6, wherein the derivative of the carboxylic acid is an isomer such as a cis/trans-isomer within the structure or at a geometric position.
  10. Composition according to any of claims 1 to 9, wherein in each case at least two hydroxyl groups of D-sorbitol, D-mannitol and the cyclic derivatives thereof are esterified.
  11. Composition according to claim 10, wherein all free hydroxyl groups of D-sorbitol, D-mannitol and the cyclic derivatives thereof are esterified.
  12. Composition according to any of claims 1 to 11, wherein the proportion of the esterified D-sorbitol derivatives in the overall composition is from 95% to 5% and the proportion of the esterified D-mannitol derivatives in the overall composition is from 5% to 95%.
  13. Composition according to claim 12, wherein the proportion of the esterified D-sorbitol derivatives in the overall composition is from 92% to 50% and the proportion of the esterified D-mannitol derivatives in the overall composition is from 8 to 50%.
  14. Composition according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the proportion of the esterified D-sorbitol derivatives in the overall composition is from 90% to 70% and the proportion of the D-mannitol derivatives in the overall composition is from 10 to 30%.
  15. Composition according to any of claims 1 to 14, wherein the mixture comprising D-sorbitol, D-mannitol and cyclic derivatives thereof, these constituents having been esterified with at least one carboxylic acid, additionally comprises at least one further carbohydrate, polyol, a derivative thereof or a mixture thereof, each of which has been esterified with at least one carboxylic acid, a carboxylic acid derivative or a mixture thereof.
  16. Composition according to claim 15, wherein the carbohydrate and/or polyol is selected from the group consisting of a monosaccharide such as glucose, fructose, mannose, arabinose, xylose, sorbose or galactose, a disaccharide such as sucrose, trehalose, maltose, lactose, isomaltulose or trehalulose, a trisaccharide such as raffinose, a sugar alcohol such as erythritol, xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, maltitol, lactitol, arabitol, 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-sorbitol (1.6-GPS), 1-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-sorbitol (1.1-GPS) or 1-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannitol (1.1-GPM), starch hydrolyzates, fructooligosaccharides, hydrogenated products thereof or a mixture thereof, such as isomalt as a mixture of 1.6-GPS and 1.1-GPM.
  17. Composition according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the proportion of the further esterified carbohydrate and/or polyol constituents in the overall composition is from 0.5% to 50%.
  18. Composition according to claim 17, wherein the proportion of the further esterified carbohydrate and/or polyol constituents in the overall composition is from 5 to 30%.
  19. Method for preparing a composition comprising a mixture of D-sorbitol, D-mannitol and cyclic derivatives thereof, these constituents having partially or fully been esterified with carboxylic acid, comprising the steps of:
    a) cyclizing D-sorbitol and D-mannitol by dehydration to obtain a mixture of D-sorbitol, D-mannitol, monoanhydrohexitols and dianhydrohexitols, and
    b) partially or fully esterifying the hexitols which have been dehydrated to differing degrees with at least one carboxylic acid, at least one derivative thereof or a mixture thereof, or
    c) carrying out the method as a one-pot reaction with at least one catalyst.
  20. Method according to claim 19, wherein the carboxylic acid used for the esterification is selected from the group consisting of a saturated carboxylic acid, unsaturated carboxylic acid, branched carboxylic acid, unbranched carboxylic acid, a derivative thereof and a mixture thereof.
  21. Method according to claim 19 or 20, wherein the carboxylic acid used for the esterification is a monocarboxylic acid, dicarboxylic acid, tricarboxylic acid, a derivative thereof or a mixture thereof.
  22. Method according to any of claims 19 to 21, wherein the carboxylic acid is a C2-C24 monocarboxylic acid such as acetic acid, butyric acid, isobutanoic acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, 2-ethylcaproic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, rhizoleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, eleostearic acid, arachic acid, behenic acid or erucic acid.
  23. Method according to any of claims 19 to 22, wherein esterification is effected using a carboxylic acid derivative such as an anhydride, mixed anhydride, an alkyl ester, in particular a carboxylic chloride, or an isomer such as a cis/trans-isomer within the structure or at a geometric position.
  24. Method according to claim 23, wherein esterification is effected using a di- or tricarboxylic acid which has been esterified with a fatty alcohol.
  25. Method according to any of claims 19 to 24, wherein the steps are carried out batchwise or continuously.
  26. Method according to any of claims 19 to 25, wherein the two steps are carried out in a solvent or without solvent, in the presence of a suitable catalyst.
  27. Method according to claim 26, wherein an organic solvent such as toluene, DMSO, pyridine or DMF is used.
  28. Method according to claim 26 or 27, wherein the catalyst used is a transition metal compound such as a salt, oxide or alkyl of Sn, Ti or Zn/Cu, a mineral acid such as HCl, H2SO4 or H3PO4, an organic acid such as p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid or sulfosuccinic acid, an acidic ion exchanger, an alkali metal salt such as a hydroxide, carbonate, methoxide or ethoxide of sodium or potassium, a zeolite or a mixture thereof.
  29. Method according to claim 28, wherein the catalyst used for cyclizing is p-toluenesulfonic acid and the catalyst used for esterifying is a tin oxalate catalyst or dibutyl tin oxide.
  30. Method according to any of claims 19 or 25 to 29, wherein the cyclization is carried out at a temperature of from 80°C to 190°C.
  31. Method according to claim 30, wherein the cyclization is carried out at a temperature of from 100°C to 170°C.
  32. Method according to any of claims 19 to 29, wherein the esterification is carried out at a temperature of from 120°C to 280°C.
  33. Method according to claim 32, wherein the esterification is carried out at a temperature of from 160°C to 250°C.
  34. Method of any of claims 19 to 33, wherein water is removed during both steps by rectification or azeotropic rectification.
  35. Use of a composition according to any of claims 1 to 18 or of a composition prepared according to any of claims 19 to 34 as a lubricant and functional liquid, in particular as a fluid for lubricating internal combustion engines, mechanical power trains such as gearboxes in motor vehicles and stationary applications, gas compressors, refrigeration machines, turbines and chain devices such as chainsaws, as an oil for lubricating moving parts in industrial machines and moldings and molds in the production of form parts, as a universal oil for tractors and other mobile working machines, as a lubricating grease, as a shock absorber fluid, as a fluid for hydraulic power trains and drives, the hardening of metallic materials, the reshaping of metal without cutting, the submersed processing of metal with cutting and the processing of metal with cutting with minimum lubrication, as a corrosion protection fluid, as an oil for insulating electrical components such as transformers and as a heat transfer oil.
EP02767243A 2001-08-07 2002-07-22 Carbohydrate esters for using as lubricants Expired - Lifetime EP1417286B1 (en)

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