EP1412240B1 - Method and device for active radial control of wheel pairs or wheel sets on vehicles - Google Patents

Method and device for active radial control of wheel pairs or wheel sets on vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1412240B1
EP1412240B1 EP02776917A EP02776917A EP1412240B1 EP 1412240 B1 EP1412240 B1 EP 1412240B1 EP 02776917 A EP02776917 A EP 02776917A EP 02776917 A EP02776917 A EP 02776917A EP 1412240 B1 EP1412240 B1 EP 1412240B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wheel unit
wheel
actuating
frequency range
vehicle
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP02776917A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1412240A2 (en
Inventor
Richard Schneider
Wolfgang Auer
Günther Himmelstein
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Alstom Transportation Germany GmbH
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Bombardier Transportation GmbH
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Publication of EP1412240A2 publication Critical patent/EP1412240A2/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61FRAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/38Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self- adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves, e.g. sliding axles, swinging axles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61FRAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/38Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self- adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves, e.g. sliding axles, swinging axles
    • B61F5/383Adjustment controlled by non-mechanical devices, e.g. scanning trackside elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for active radial control of pairs of wheels or wheelsets of vehicles.
  • the invention is particularly suitable for - but not limited to - use in rail vehicles.
  • Radech wheel pairs or sets of wheels in track arches which have passive or active means. With active control, the wheel units are aligned and locked according to the radius of curvature. These devices steer the wheel unit in fixed relation to the radius of curvature and achieve an equalization of the sums of the forces acting on the wheel units of a chassis or vehicle lateral forces at most for a limited area.
  • the disadvantage here is that the running stability is not better than in a conventional chassis with stiff longitudinal guidance of the wheel units; at best, no deterioration is achieved.
  • rolling damper or friction rotation inhibitors are needed, for example, rolling damper or friction rotation inhibitors. These can only represent a compromise between bow compliance and running stability and generally lead to the excitation of structural vibrations in the car body. Often there are additional ones Damping elements in the Radechkopplung necessary.
  • the EP 0 785 123 B1 describes methods for obtaining and processing data for the guidance of landing gears from individual wheel units.
  • the turning movement of the chassis as angle, angular velocity or angular acceleration are scanned force-free by means of angle sensors, the measured size or measured variables decomposed into their frequency components, outstanding movements from the frequency spectra detected by amplitude, frequency and phase as disturbing, the or so identified vectors after their phase rotation of 180 ° and conditioning of a control or regulation as information for changing the adjustment angle of the chassis forwarded and hidden by the control or regulation, the disturbing motion components from the chassis motion.
  • the invention does not take into account the transverse force between the wheel pair or wheelset and the track.
  • a rail vehicle which on both sides along the vehicle longitudinal axis comprises a predeterminable number of individual wheels, which are pivotable by steering.
  • a tracking error-free steering of each individual wheel in curve areas is to be achieved by providing a rail course measuring device which measures the deviation of a vehicle axle from the course of the rails and which generates a steering signal for each individual wheel independently of the other depending on the measured deviation.
  • rail track measuring equipment non-contact systems are opto-electronic or magnetic or electromagnetic Base proposed. The invention is not applicable to vehicles with pairs of wheels or wheelsets.
  • JP A 06199236 JP A 07081564 and JP A 07081565 describes an influence of the shaft or sinusoidal run by hydraulic actuators between bogie frame and wheelset bearing. It is based on the identification of the frequency of the wave in a spectrum of recorded translational or yaw vibration, which requires at least eight sensors per bogie and a longer data collection with subsequent frequency analysis.
  • the object of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art described and in particular to propose a method and apparatus for active radial control of wheel units of vehicles, the safe, low-wear and comfortable guidance of the vehicle, especially when driving straight ahead, but also when cornering guarantee. It is another object of the invention to eliminate unwanted, disturbing movements of the wheels directly by appropriate stabilization measures, without the need for a longer data collection for a frequency analysis would be necessary, which nullifies the real-time effect. Wheels rolling smoothly on rails are quiet. In addition, the wear on wheels and rails is reduced.
  • the inventive method for the active radial control of the wheels of at least one wheel unit of a chassis consists in an integrated control that - in the case of bogies preferably purely inside the chassis, ie without mechanical operative connection to the car body - the wheel unit imposes actuating movements in at least two, not identical frequency ranges.
  • the wheel unit is superimposed on first actuating movements in a first frequency range and second actuating movements in a second frequency range different from the first frequency range.
  • control movements in the second frequency range control the running stability of the vehicle.
  • the device according to the invention for active radial control of at least one wheel unit of a vehicle comprises at least one adjusting device connected to the wheel unit for impressing adjusting movements on the wheel unit and a regulating device connected to the adjusting device for activating the adjusting device.
  • the adjusting device serves in particular for imparting a rotation about the vertical axis and additionally or alternatively a translation in the transverse direction to the wheel unit.
  • the control device according to the invention for controlling the adjusting device is designed such that the adjusting device of the wheel unit in a first frequency range first actuating movements for generating quasi-static deflections of the wheel unit according to the radius of curvature of a currently traversed infrastructure segment imprints.
  • the adjusting device is designed to control the adjusting device in the manner of a stability control such that the wheel unit in a second frequency range different from the first frequency range the first positioning movements superimposed second actuating movements are applied, which serve to generate deflections of the wheel unit to stabilize the vehicle running.
  • the adjusting device which may be designed as a simple actuator generates in other words deflections and forces according to the specifications of the control device and thus causes a rotation of the wheel unit, ie a pair of wheels or wheelset to the vertical axis and additionally or alternatively a translation of the wheel unit in the transverse direction.
  • the adjusting device that is, for example, the actuator, according to the invention is designed so that they quasistatic deflections and forces according to the radius of curvature of a segment to be traversed, such as a curve, and generates deflections and forces with other, usually higher frequency to stabilize the vehicle both during the Driving on a bow as well as superimposed during straight-ahead.
  • a particularly good adjustment of the transverse forces as well as a particularly effective stabilization can be achieved if several, preferably all wheel units of the vehicle are controlled via the radial control according to the invention.
  • the frequency of the first and second actuating movements is not a fixed predetermined frequency but each a time-varying frequency, which ultimately by the current state of motion of the vehicle, in particular by the instantaneous speed of the vehicle and the currently traveled section is specified.
  • the second frequency range comprises frequencies which are at least partially higher than frequencies from the first frequency range.
  • the second frequency range is preferably above the first frequency range. Further preferably, the second frequency range connects to the first frequency range. Preferred values for the first frequency range are between 0 Hz and 3 Hz, while the second frequency range is between 0 Hz and 10 Hz, preferably between 3 Hz and 10 Hz.
  • each wheel unit has a respective lateral force resultant, at least the amount of which substantially corresponds to that of the lateral force generators acting on the other wheel units.
  • Another advantage of the invention is that it allows to achieve by appropriate settings and algorithms special transverse force distributions between the wheel units and / or to provoke special conditions of wear between the wheel and rail on the wheel units of the chassis or vehicle to the running behavior z.
  • B. special operating and / or maintenance conditions optimally adapt. So can for the individual Rad a targeted distribution of wear, so for example, a predetermined wear pattern, be provoked to control the development of the wheel-rail profile pairing.
  • Preferred variants of the method according to the invention are characterized in that the running stability of the vehicle is regulated by the second setting movements in the second frequency range. This is preferably done by determining a representation of the instantaneous state of the mechanical system from the measured instantaneous values of one or more state variables of the system during the control, for example in the form of a corresponding stability matrix. In this case, of course, the variability of the adjusting movements generating actuators are taken into account.
  • the state variables include, inter alia, the speed and acceleration of the wheel unit in the transverse direction, ie transversely to the vehicle longitudinal direction, as well as the speed and acceleration of the wheel unit about the vertical axis.
  • this representation of the current state of the mechanical system is checked for stability.
  • the variable parameters of the system description resulting from the adjusting means are suitably varied in such a way that a stable system is obtained.
  • the so-obtained "stable" instantaneous values for the variable parameters resulting from the adjusting devices are then used to generate the control signals for the respective actuating device in order to establish a stable system state via the actuating devices.
  • a measured value recording over a long time and an analysis of these series of measurements for example by means of Fourier transformation
  • the solution according to the invention allows the waiver of mechanical stabilizing devices between the chassis and car body for the running behavior such.
  • damping elements in the coupling of the wheel units in particular in the coupling linkage.
  • Another advantage is the minimization of the starting angle and thus the track load and the minimization or optimization of the wear on the wheel and rail. It is a stable vehicle running over the entire speed range, even at high speeds achieved. Due to the lack of a coupling linkage between the wheel units and the car body, it can also, in addition to the simpler mechanical structure, not come to a transmission of structure-borne noise and vibration through these coupling elements.
  • the integrated control in a vehicle with a bogie comprehensive chassis is designed such that it works inside the chassis without mechanical operative connection to the car body to avoid just as already indicated next to the simpler mechanical structure transmission of structure-borne noise and vibration by coupling elements to the car body ,
  • the device for signal processing or the like can of course also be arranged in or on the vehicle body, but these can then be connected only via appropriate control lines, such as cables or the like, with the active elements of the adjusting device.
  • control activates at least one quickly reacting actuating device, for example a fast-acting actuator, which adjusts the angular position of the wheel unit relative to the chassis frame or car body, for example an optimum radial alignment of the wheel unit with respect to a curved track to achieve.
  • actuating device for example a fast-acting actuator
  • the relative movements between the outer wheel units of a vehicle with at least two wheel units are regulated by the adjusting movements so as to be able to achieve optimum alignment of the wheel units of the vehicle, for example in the track curve.
  • arbitrary input variables can be used for the control, which individually or in combination draw conclusions about the current state, in particular the current state of motion of the vehicle and / or the Allow wheel unit.
  • the control of the position of the wheel unit in dependence on the radius of curvature and / or the vehicle speed and / or unbalanced lateral acceleration and / or the coefficient of friction and / or the profile parameters between wheel and rail.
  • the determined transverse path of at least one wheel unit relative to the bogie frame or car body, the determined yaw angle of at least one wheel unit relative to the bogie frame or car body are used for the control method.
  • the determined travel or setting angle of at least one actuating device or the determined actuating forces of at least one actuating device can be used.
  • the determined travel speed, the determined speed or acceleration of the wheel unit in the transverse direction or the determined yaw rate or yaw acceleration of the wheel unit can be used.
  • the radius of curvature of the track can be used.
  • the adjusting device can in principle be configured as desired in order to achieve the corresponding adjusting movements.
  • the first and second actuating movements are generated by a single adjusting device.
  • the setting device is designed to react sufficiently quickly in order to generate the second setting movements in the second frequency range.
  • different actuating devices can be provided for the generation of the first and second actuating movements.
  • the adjusting device designed as an electric, hydraulic or pneumatic actuator.
  • the number and arrangement of the adjusting devices can basically be chosen arbitrarily. It only has to be ensured that the corresponding positioning movements can be reliably generated.
  • at least one adjusting device is provided per wheel of the wheel unit and additionally or alternatively per wheel bearing of the wheel unit and furthermore additionally or alternatively per coupled wheel of the wheel unit.
  • the coupling between the adjusting device and the wheel unit can basically be configured as desired.
  • the device according to the invention can be arranged between the adjusting device and the wheel or wheel bearing of the wheel unit, a transmission, so as to produce with simple adjusting devices in a simple manner, the adjusting movements or actuating forces of desired height.
  • the mode of action in particular the effective movement of the adjusting device can be adapted to the required adjusting movement. If, for example, a linear adjusting movement is required or desired, it is preferably provided that the setting device has a linear active movement. However, if a rotational adjustment movement is required or desired, it is preferably provided that the adjusting device has a rotary active movement.
  • the arrangement of the adjusting device can in principle be arbitrary depending on the desired coupling between the individual wheel units.
  • the adjusting device can be arranged between the wheels of different sides of the vehicle, while it can also be arranged on a vehicle side, in particular between wheels of a vehicle side.
  • Fig. 1 shows a three-axle chassis 1 for a rail vehicle, such as a three-axle bogie or three attached to the car body coupled wheel units in Shape of wheelsets or pairs of wheels.
  • This has a in Fig. Not shown, consisting of longitudinal and transverse beams bogie or car body frame.
  • Wheel bearing housings 2 to 7 of the three wheel units 8, 9, 10 are attached to the longitudinal members via spring elements, not shown, namely wheel bearing housings 2, 3 for the first wheel unit 8 (outer wheel unit), wheel bearing housings 4, 5 for the second wheel unit 9 (middle wheel unit) and Wheel bearing housing 6, 7 for the third wheel unit 10 (outer wheel unit).
  • the wheel units 8, 9, 10 comprise wheels 11.
  • the wheel units 8, 9, 10 can be driven by drive motors, not shown, for example, Tatzlager- or rack motors.
  • the wheel bearing housing 2, 3, 6, 7 of the tworelyradin cleanse 8, 10 are movable, inter alia, in the direction of travel or opposite to the direction of travel of the rail vehicle, which is indicated by directional arrows x1, x2 .
  • the wheel bearing housings 4, 5 of the middle wheel unit 9 are movable inter alia perpendicular to the direction of travel of the rail vehicle, which is indicated by directional arrows y1, y2 .
  • the wheel bearing housings 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 are each coupled only on the same chassis side via handlebar pivot-lever configurations.
  • An oblique handlebar 12 is disposed between a hinge 13 of an angle lever 14 and a hinge 15 of the wheel bearing housing 3 .
  • the angle lever 14 has a frame-fixed axis of rotation 16 and is connected via hinge 17 via its second arm to the end face of the wheel bearing 5 of the center wheel unit 9 .
  • the wheel bearing housing 7 is assigned a rotary lever 18 with a frame-fixed centric axis of rotation 19 , the bearing for the wheel bearing housing 7 handlebar 20 at the first joint 21 of this rotary lever 18 engages and the second joint 22 of this rotary lever 18 is connected to a handlebar 23 , on the other hand to the already mentioned Joint 13 of the angle lever 14 leads.
  • the couplings of the wheel bearing housing 3, 5, 7 of a chassis side symmetrical to the longitudinal axis of the rail vehicle are also realized in the wheel bearing housings 2, 4, 6 of the other suspension side.
  • An oblique handlebar rod 24 is disposed between a hinge 25 of an angle lever 26 and joint 27 of the wheel bearing housing 2 .
  • the angle lever 26 has a frame-fixed axis of rotation 28 and is connected via the joint 29 via its second arm to the end face of the wheel bearing 4 of the center wheel unit 9 .
  • the wheel bearing housing 6 is a rotary lever 30 associated with a frame-fixed centric axis of rotation 31 , wherein the wheel bearing housing 6 leading handlebar 32 at the first joint 33 of this rotary lever 30 engages and the second joint 34 of this rotary lever 30 with a handlebar 35th is connected, on the other hand leads to the already mentioned joint 25 of the angle lever 26 .
  • At the wheel bearing housing 2 is a linear, in the direction of travel or counter to the direction of travel (x1, x2) acting actuator 36 is arranged.
  • a linear, perpendicular to the direction of travel (y1, y2) acting actuator 37 is arranged.
  • a rotationally acting actuator 38 which causes a rotation about the rotation axis 28 .
  • a linear, in the direction of travel or against the direction of travel (x1, x2) acting actuator 39 is arranged.
  • the actuator 41 causes a rotation about the rotation axis 31.
  • the actuators 36 to 41 may optionally be used singly or in combination. In the combination of several actuators 36 to 41 thereby redundancy is created, so that in case of failure of one or more actuators 36 to 41, the others, not failed or its function at least partially take over.
  • the method according to the invention consists in an integrated control system, the inside of the chassis, d. H. takes place without mechanical operative connection to the car body, simultaneously or integrated in at least two frequency ranges.
  • a quasi-static adjustment of the wheel units 8, 9, 10 takes place in track curves with equalization of the sums of the transverse forces acting on the wheel units 8, 9, 10 of the chassis or vehicle.
  • a lateral force resultant acts, which corresponds to the lateral force resultant at the other wheel units at least in terms of amount.
  • a representation of the instantaneous state of the mechanical system is determined from measured instantaneous values of one or more state variables of the system which are specified in more detail below.
  • This matrix is influenced on the one hand by the unchangeable mechanical parameters of the non-actively activatable elements of the system, such as springs, etc.
  • the variable parameters of the actuators also flow into the determination of this matrix.
  • this momentary stability matrix is checked for stability.
  • the actively influenceable variable parameters of the system description resulting from the actuators are suitably varied in such a way that or until a stable stability matrix results, ie a stable system is obtained.
  • the thus obtained "stable" instantaneous values for the variable parameters resulting from the actuators are then used to generate the control signals for the respective actuator.
  • the actuators can be used quickly, easily and effectively to achieve a stable system state.
  • no measured value recording over a long period of time and an analysis of these measurement series are required, with which only a time-delayed reaction to the current state of motion of the system is possible.
  • the above state variables include u. a. the speed and acceleration of the wheel unit in the transverse direction, d. H. transverse to the vehicle's longitudinal direction, as well as the speed and acceleration of the wheel unit about the vertical axis.
  • u. a. the speed and acceleration of the wheel unit in the transverse direction d. H. transverse to the vehicle's longitudinal direction, as well as the speed and acceleration of the wheel unit about the vertical axis.
  • at least one of these measured state variables or a combination of these measured state variables is used for the stability control described above.
  • the second frequency range includes frequencies that are at least partially higher than frequencies from the first frequency range.
  • This regulation controls fast-reacting actuators 36 to 41 , which control the angular position Setting of the wheel units 8 and 10 and the transverse displacement of the wheel unit 9 relative to the frame.
  • the relative angle between the contemplatradäen 8, 10 and the transverse displacement of the center wheel 9 is regulated.
  • the absolute angle or angles of one, several and / or all wheel units 8, 9, 10 can be regulated relative to a chassis frame or car body.
  • the control of the quasi-static setting of the relevant wheel unit 8, 9, 10 takes place in this embodiment, depending solely on the radius of curvature of the currently traversed track segment.
  • the radius of curvature is determined with the aid of the measurement signals from corresponding sensors, for example lateral acceleration and / or rotational acceleration sensors, rotational speed sensors and / or transverse velocity sensors.
  • the regulation of the position of the relevant wheel unit 8, 9, 10 in dependence on radius of curvature, driving speed, unbalanced lateral acceleration, coefficient of friction and / or profile parameters between impeller 11 and rail done.
  • the determination of these quantities is also carried out with a corresponding sensor.
  • a frequency analysis of the movements of the wheel pairs or wheelsets is not required and is omitted.
  • the inventive device includes a - in Fig. 1 not shown - connected to the corresponding control inputs of the actuators 36 to 41 control device. This serves both for quasi-static adjustment and for stability control of the wheel units 8, 9, 10 of the rail vehicle with at least two, in this embodiment three wheel units 8, 9, 10 or a bogie of a rail vehicle with at least two wheel units.
  • the actuators 36 to 41 generate for a first actuating movements in the form of quasi-static deflections and forces corresponding to the radius of curvature of a track segment to be traversed, such as a bow, and superimpose second actuating movements in the form of deflections and forces with higher frequency to stabilize the vehicle running both when driving a Bow as well as straight-ahead.
  • the actuators 36 to 41 produce deflections and powers according to the specifications of the control means.
  • the actuators 36 to 41 effect a rotation of the wheel units 8, 10 about the vertical axis and / or a translation of the wheel unit 9 in the transverse direction.
  • the force generation in the actuators 36 to 41 is carried out electrically, hydraulically, pneumatically or by a combination of these methods.
  • At least one actuator 36 to 41 is provided on a chassis side per wheel 11 or wheel bearing of the wheel unit 8, 9, 10, as in this embodiment.
  • An actuator 36 to 41 acts on at least two wheels which are coupled together.
  • the coupling may, as in this embodiment, be arranged between one wheel 11 and another wheel 11 of the same wheel unit 8, 9, 10 or the wheel of another wheel unit on the same or opposite side of the vehicle.
  • the transmission of the force or torque of the actuators 36 to 41 is carried out directly or with the interposition of a gearbox.
  • the effective movement of the actuators 36, 37, 39, 40 is linear in this embodiment.
  • the actuators 36, 37, 39, 40 can take over the function of a steering rod simultaneously. They act in addition to any existing passive coupling and are connected to it via levers or handlebars.
  • the actuator can act rotationally, as is the case in the embodiment for the actuators 38, 41 . Then he can simultaneously take over the function of a pivot bearing. It acts in addition to any existing passive coupling and is connected to it via levers or handlebars or via a rotary coupling.
  • Fig. 2 shows a chassis of a railcar. Shown are a bogie or car body frame 50, two wheel units 51, 52, with wheels 53 and wheel bearing housings 54 to 57.
  • the wheel units 51, 52 are mounted radially controllably by means of a rotary shaft 58, rotary lever 59, 60 and handlebars 61 and by means of primary spring elements 62 connected to the frame 50 .
  • Actuators 63 to 65 generate first actuating movements in the form of quasi-static deflections and forces corresponding to the radius of curvature of a track segment to be traversed, such as a track curve, and superimpose second positioning movements in the form of deflections and forces with higher frequency to stabilize the vehicle running both when driving on a bow and straight ahead.
  • the actuators 63 to 65 generate deflections and forces according to the specifications of an associated - in Fig. 2 not shown - control device according to the invention.
  • the actuators 63 to 65 cause rotation of the wheel units 51, 52 about the vertical axis.
  • the force generation in the actuators 63 to 65 is carried out electrically, hydraulically, pneumatically or by a combination of these methods.
  • the actuators 63 to 65 act in this embodiment on both wheel units 51, 52, since they are coupled via the rotary shaft 58, the rotary lever 59, 60 and the handlebars 61 .
  • the linear actuator 63 is disposed at a hinge point 66 of the rotary lever 59 .
  • the linear actuator 64 is disposed on the wheel bearing housing 56 of the wheel unit 52 .
  • the rotary actuator 65 is disposed on the rotary lever 59 and causes a rotation about a horizontal axis of rotation 67th
  • One, several or all of the actuators 63 to 65 may be provided. If several of the actuators 63 to 65 are used, it is conceivable that certain actuators for generating the first actuating movements, ie the quasi-static adjustment of the wheel units according to the track curve (dhia in the lower frequency range) and others for the generation of the second actuating movements, ie the stability control (dhia in the higher frequency range) can be used.
  • the rotating shaft 58 can be omitted; for this purpose, at least one actuator of the type 63 to 65 is arranged in this case on each side.
  • a quasi-static adjustment of the wheel units 51, 52 takes place in track curves with equalization of the sums of the transverse forces acting on the wheel pairs or wheel sets 51, 52 of the chassis or vehicle. In other words, it is achieved that acts on the respective wheel unit a lateral force resulting, which corresponds to the force acting on the other wheel units transverse force resulting at least in terms of amount.
  • the control device controls the fast-reacting actuators 63 to 65 , which adjust the angular position of the wheel units 51, 52 relative to the frame.
  • the relative angle between the wheel units 51, 52 is controlled.
  • the regulation of the quasi-static setting of the wheel unit 51, 52 in question also takes place in this embodiment in dependence solely on the radius of curvature of the roadway segment to be traveled.
  • FIG. 3 and 4 are each individual wheel units of chassis or vehicles with active radial controls and different arrangement options of one or more actuators 68 to 76 shown.
  • the linear actuator 68 is arranged on a wheel bearing housing 77 .
  • the linear actuator 69 is arranged on a hinge 78 at the end of a steering bar 79 .
  • the joint 78 is simultaneously connected via a handlebar 80 to the wheel bearing housing 77 .
  • the handlebar 80 is rotatably supported about a vertical axis of rotation 81 which intersects the centerline of the vehicle.
  • joint 82 of the linear actuator 70 is arranged.
  • the rotary actuator 71 is disposed at the fulcrum 81 of the steering beam 79 .
  • the rotary actuator 72 is connected via a rotary lever 83 and a handlebar 84 with a hinge 85 of the steering bar 79 outside the axis of rotation 81 .
  • the steering beam 79 is connected via a arranged at its end joint 86 and a handlebar attached thereto 87 with a wheel bearing housing 88 .
  • the linear, acting in the direction of travel actuator 73 acts via a hinge 89 with a leg of an angle lever 90 and a handlebar 91 to a wheel bearing housing 92.
  • the angle lever 90 is mounted about a horizontal axis of rotation 93 to which a rotary actuator 76 engages.
  • the linear actuators 74, 75 act in parallel on a steering beam 94. This is done via a hinge 95 on the steering beam 94 and a hinge 96 of a leg of an angle lever 97.
  • the angle lever 97 is mounted about a vertical axis of rotation 98 and is at the other end via a Joint, a handlebar 99 connected to a wheel bearing housing 100 .
  • Fig. 5 to 7 are individual wheel units of a chassis or vehicle, each with an actuator 101, 102 shown.
  • the rotary actuator 101 at the same time assumes the function of coupling the two wheels 103 via corresponding joints 104, angled at both ends by 90 ° and rotatably mounted about its longitudinal axis rotary shafts 105, handlebars 106 and wheel bearing housing 107.
  • the actuator 101 simultaneously both wheels 103rd according to the stability control and causes a rotation of the wheels 103 about the vertical axis. In other words, it simultaneously generates the first and second actuating movements.
  • two wheels 108 are coupled with their associated wheel bearing housings 109 via handlebars 110, joints 111 and an angled at both ends in the opposite direction by 90 ° and rotatably mounted about its longitudinal axis rotatably mounted shaft 112 .
  • the rotary actuator 102 is arranged via a joint 113 and a handlebar 114 , which rotate the rotary shaft 112 about its longitudinal axis and thus allows the wheels 108 to rotate about the vertical axis.
  • the actuators 101 , 102 can be arranged approximately centrally between the wheels 103, 108 .
  • the optimum installation location depends on the space required and the weight distribution of the individual components.
  • Fig. 7 shows a further modification of a single wheel unit with coupled wheels 115.
  • the coupling via wheel bearing housing 116, arranged thereon handlebars 117 , 118 , 119 , joints 120 and a rotary shaft 121.
  • the rotary shaft 121 is mounted by means of bearings mounted on the frame 122 rotatably about its longitudinal axis .
  • levers 123 are arranged for connection to the handlebars 118, 119 via joints 120 .
  • the two handlebars 117, 119 are connected to a rotary actuator 124 , which causes rotation of the wheels 115 about the vertical axis.
  • the rotary actuator 124 can thus be arranged laterally of the frame.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Regulating Braking Force (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Steering Control In Accordance With Driving Conditions (AREA)
  • Testing Of Balance (AREA)
  • Motorcycle And Bicycle Frame (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for active radial control of the wheels (11, 53, 103, 108, 115) of at last one wheel unit (8, 9, 10, 51, 52) on a chassis, in particular a bogie on a tracked vehicle, whereby control movements are applied to the wheel unit (8, 9, 10, 51, 52) and an integrated regulation with control movements in at least two non-identical frequency ranges are carried out. First control movements in a first frequency range and second control movements in a second frequency range, different form the first frequency range are superimposed and applied to the wheel unit (8, 9, 10, 51, 52). The invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur aktiven Radialsteuerung von Radpaaren oder Radsätzen von Fahrzeugen. Die Erfindung ist besonders geeignet für - aber nicht beschränkt auf - den Einsatz in Schienenfahrzeugen.The invention relates to a method and a device for active radial control of pairs of wheels or wheelsets of vehicles. The invention is particularly suitable for - but not limited to - use in rail vehicles.

Es sind eine Reihe mechanischer Vorrichtungen zur quasistatischen Einstellung von im Folgenden mit dem Sammelbegriff Radeinheit bezeichneten Radpaaren oder Radsätzen in Gleisbögen bekannt, die passive oder aktive Mittel aufweisen. Bei einer aktiven Steuerung werden die Radeinheiten nach dem Bogenradius ausgerichtet und festgehalten. Diese Vorrichtungen lenken die Radeinheit in festem Verhältnis zum Bogenradius und erreichen eine Egalisierung der Summen der an den Radeinheiten eines Fahrwerks oder Fahrzeugs wirkenden Querkräfte höchstens für einen beschränkten Bereich. Nachteilig hierbei ist, dass die Laufstabilität nicht besser ist, als bei einem konventionellen Fahrwerk mit steifer Längsführung der Radeinheiten; bestenfalls wird keine Verschlechterung erreicht. Auch werden zur Sicherstellung der Laufstabilität mechanische Einrichtungen benötigt, beispielsweise Schlingerdämpfer oder Reibungs-Drehhemmungen. Diese können nur einen Kompromiss zwischen Bogengängigkeit und Laufstabilität darstellen und führen im allgemeinen zur Anregung von Strukturschwingungen im Wagenkasten. Häufig sind zusätzliche Dämpfungselemente in der Radeinheitkopplung notwendig.There are a number of mechanical devices for quasi-static adjustment of hereinafter referred to by the collective term Radeinheit wheel pairs or sets of wheels in track arches are known which have passive or active means. With active control, the wheel units are aligned and locked according to the radius of curvature. These devices steer the wheel unit in fixed relation to the radius of curvature and achieve an equalization of the sums of the forces acting on the wheel units of a chassis or vehicle lateral forces at most for a limited area. The disadvantage here is that the running stability is not better than in a conventional chassis with stiff longitudinal guidance of the wheel units; at best, no deterioration is achieved. Also, to ensure the stability of running mechanical devices are needed, for example, rolling damper or friction rotation inhibitors. These can only represent a compromise between bow compliance and running stability and generally lead to the excitation of structural vibrations in the car body. Often there are additional ones Damping elements in the Radeinheitkopplung necessary.

Die EP 0 785 123 B1 beschreibt Verfahren zur Gewinnung und Aufbereitung von Daten zur Spurführung von Fahrwerken aus Einzelradeinheiten. Bei einem dort offenbarten Verfahren werden die Wendebewegung des Fahrwerks als Winkel, Winkelgeschwindigkeit oder Winkelbeschleunigung kraftfrei mittels Winkelsensoren abgetastet, die gemessene Größe oder gemessenen Größen in ihre Frequenzanteile zerlegt, aus den Frequenzspektren herausragende Bewegungen nach Amplitude, Frequenz und Phasenlage als störend erkannt, der oder die so identifizierten Vektoren nach ihrer Phasendrehung von 180° und Aufbereitung einer Steuerung oder Regelung als Information zur Veränderung des Einstellwinkels des Fahrwerks zugeleitet und durch die Steuerung oder Regelung die störenden Bewegungsanteile aus der Fahrwerksbewegung ausgeblendet. Die Erfindung berücksichtigt nicht die Querkraft zwischen dem Radpaar bzw. Radsatz und dem Gleis.The EP 0 785 123 B1 describes methods for obtaining and processing data for the guidance of landing gears from individual wheel units. In a method disclosed therein, the turning movement of the chassis as angle, angular velocity or angular acceleration are scanned force-free by means of angle sensors, the measured size or measured variables decomposed into their frequency components, outstanding movements from the frequency spectra detected by amplitude, frequency and phase as disturbing, the or so identified vectors after their phase rotation of 180 ° and conditioning of a control or regulation as information for changing the adjustment angle of the chassis forwarded and hidden by the control or regulation, the disturbing motion components from the chassis motion. The invention does not take into account the transverse force between the wheel pair or wheelset and the track.

Aus der EP 0 374 290 B1 ist ein Schienenfahrzeug bekannt, welches beidseitig entlang der Fahrzeuglängsachse eine vorgebbare Zahl von Einzelrädern umfasst, die durch Lenkung schwenkbar sind. Eine spurfehlerfreie Lenkung jedes Einzelrades in Kurvenbereiche soll dadurch erreicht werden, dass eine Schienenverlauf-Messeinrichtung vorgesehen ist, die die Abweichung einer Fahrzeugachse vom Verlauf der Schienen misst und die abhängig von der gemessenen Abweichung ein Lenksignal für jedes Einzelrad unabhängig vom jeweils anderen erzeugt. Als Schienenverlauf-Messeinrichtung sind berührungslos arbeitende Systeme auf opto-elektronischer oder magnetischer bzw. elektromagnetischer Basis vorgeschlagen. Die Erfindung ist nicht auf Fahrzeuge mit Radpaaren oder Radsätzen anwendbar.From the EP 0 374 290 B1 a rail vehicle is known, which on both sides along the vehicle longitudinal axis comprises a predeterminable number of individual wheels, which are pivotable by steering. A tracking error-free steering of each individual wheel in curve areas is to be achieved by providing a rail course measuring device which measures the deviation of a vehicle axle from the course of the rails and which generates a steering signal for each individual wheel independently of the other depending on the measured deviation. As rail track measuring equipment, non-contact systems are opto-electronic or magnetic or electromagnetic Base proposed. The invention is not applicable to vehicles with pairs of wheels or wheelsets.

Die japanische Gruppe von Anmeldungen JP A 06199236 , JP A 07081564 und JP A 07081565 beschreibt eine Beeinflussung des Wellen- oder Sinuslaufs durch hydraulische Aktuatoren zwischen Drehgestellrahmen und Radsatzlager. Sie beruht auf der Identifikation der Frequenz des Wellenlaufs in einem Spektrum der aufgenommenen translatorischen oder Gier-Vibrationen, wozu mindestens acht Sensoren pro Drehgestell sowie eine längere Datensammlung mit anschließender Frequenzanalyse erforderlich sind.The Japanese group of registrations JP A 06199236 . JP A 07081564 and JP A 07081565 describes an influence of the shaft or sinusoidal run by hydraulic actuators between bogie frame and wheelset bearing. It is based on the identification of the frequency of the wave in a spectrum of recorded translational or yaw vibration, which requires at least eight sensors per bogie and a longer data collection with subsequent frequency analysis.

Ein Oberbegriffsgemäßes Verfahren ist auch aus die EP-A2-0 870 664 bekannt.A generic method is also from the EP-A2-0 870 664 known.

Nachteilig bei allen bisherigen Verfahren und Vorrichtungen für die Beeinflussung des Laufverhaltens von Radeinheiten ist, dass diese lediglich dazu dienen,

  1. 1. in Kurvenfahrten, d. h. bei Fahrten in Gleisbögen durch Lenken die entsprechende Spurführung zu bewerkstelligen, und/oder
  2. 2. die Frequenz des Wellenlaufs zu bestimmen und mit gleicher Frequenz zu beeinflussen, wozu eine Fourier-Transformation erforderlich ist, welche einen Zeitverlust gegenüber sich rasch ändernden Profilparametern im Rad-Schiene-Kontakt bedeutet,
jedoch nicht stabilisierend auf die Radsätze bzw. Radpaare im Sinne einer Echtzeit-Reaktion auf die momentane Belastungs- und Bewegungssituation zu wirken, die sich rasch ändern können. Auf gerader Strecke leisten diese Maßnahmen daher allenfalls einen sehr begrenzten Beitrag zur Verbesserung der Spurführung.A disadvantage of all previous methods and devices for influencing the running behavior of wheel units is that they serve only
  1. 1. in cornering, ie when driving in track curves by steering the appropriate guidance to accomplish, and / or
  2. 2. to determine the frequency of the wave run and to influence it with the same frequency, which requires a Fourier transformation, which means a loss of time in relation to rapidly changing profile parameters in the wheel-rail contact,
however, not to stabilize the wheel sets or pairs of wheels in the sense of a real-time response to the momentary load and movement situation, which can change rapidly. At best, these measures therefore make a very limited contribution to improving track guidance on straight roads.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, die beschriebenen Nachteile des Standes der Technik zu beseitigen und insbesondere ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur aktiven Radialsteuerung von Radeinheiten von Fahrzeugen vorzuschlagen, die eine sichere, verschleißarme und komfortable Führung des Fahrzeuges, insbesondere bei Geradeausfahrt, aber auch bei Kurvenfahrt gewährleisten. Weiterhin ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, unerwünschte, störende Bewegungen der Räder unmittelbar durch geeignete Stabilisierungsmaßnahmen auszuschalten, ohne dass hierzu eine längere Datensammlung für eine Frequenzanalyse vonnöten wäre, die den Echtzeit-Effekt zunichte macht. Störungsfrei auf Schienen abrollende Räder sind leise. Außerdem reduziert sich der Verschleiß an Rädern und Schienen.The object of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art described and in particular to propose a method and apparatus for active radial control of wheel units of vehicles, the safe, low-wear and comfortable guidance of the vehicle, especially when driving straight ahead, but also when cornering guarantee. It is another object of the invention to eliminate unwanted, disturbing movements of the wheels directly by appropriate stabilization measures, without the need for a longer data collection for a frequency analysis would be necessary, which nullifies the real-time effect. Wheels rolling smoothly on rails are quiet. In addition, the wear on wheels and rails is reduced.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren gemäß den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 und eine Vorrichtung gemäß den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 16 gelöst.This object is achieved by a method according to the features of claim 1 and an apparatus according to the features of claim 16.

Zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.Advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur aktiven Radialsteuerung der Räder wenigstens einer Radeinheit eines Fahrwerks besteht in einer integrierten Regelung, die - im Falle von Drehgestellen vorzugsweise rein fahrwerksintern, d. h. ohne mechanische Wirkverbindung zum Wagenkasten - der Radeinheit in mindestens zwei, nicht identischen Frequenzbereichen Stellbewegungen aufprägt. Dabei werden der Radeinheit erste Stellbewegungen in einem ersten Frequenzbereich und zweite Stellbewegungen in einem vom ersten Frequenzbereich verschiedenen zweiten Frequenzbereich überlagert aufgeprägt.The inventive method for the active radial control of the wheels of at least one wheel unit of a chassis consists in an integrated control that - in the case of bogies preferably purely inside the chassis, ie without mechanical operative connection to the car body - the wheel unit imposes actuating movements in at least two, not identical frequency ranges. In this case, the wheel unit is superimposed on first actuating movements in a first frequency range and second actuating movements in a second frequency range different from the first frequency range.

Vorzugsweise erfolgt dabei durch die Stellbewegungen in dem zweiten Frequenzbereich eine Regelung der Laufstabilität des Fahrzeugs.Preferably, the control movements in the second frequency range control the running stability of the vehicle.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zur aktiven Radialsteuerung wenigstens einer - gegebenenfalls in einem Drehgestell oder dergleichen angeordneten - Radeinheit eines Fahrzeugs umfasst mindestens eine mit der Radeinheit verbundene Stelleinrichtung zum Aufprägen von Stellbewegungen auf die Radeinheit und eine mit der Stelleinrichtung verbundene Regelungseinrichtung zum Ansteuern der Stelleinrichtung. Die Stelleinrichtung dient dabei insbesondere zum Aufprägen einer Rotation um die Hochachse und zusätzlich oder alternativ einer Translation in Querrichtung auf die Radeinheit. Die Regelungseinrichtung ist erfindungsgemäß zur Ansteuerung der Stelleinrichtung derart ausgebildet, dass die Stelleinrichtung der Radeinheit in einem ersten Frequenzbereich erste Stellbewegungen zur Erzeugung quasistatischer Auslenkungen der Radeinheit entsprechend dem Bogenradius eines aktuell zu durchfahrenden Fahrwegsegments aufprägt. Weiterhin ist sie zur Ansteuerung der Stelleinrichtung nach Art einer Stabilitäts-Regelung derart ausgebildet, dass der Radeinheit in einem vom ersten Frequenzbereich verschiedenen zweiten Frequenzbereich den ersten Stellbewegungen überlagerte zweite Stellbewegungen aufgeprägt werden, die zur Erzeugung von Auslenkungen der Radeinheit zur Stabilisierung des Fahrzeuglaufs dienen.The device according to the invention for active radial control of at least one wheel unit of a vehicle, optionally arranged in a bogie or the like, comprises at least one adjusting device connected to the wheel unit for impressing adjusting movements on the wheel unit and a regulating device connected to the adjusting device for activating the adjusting device. The adjusting device serves in particular for imparting a rotation about the vertical axis and additionally or alternatively a translation in the transverse direction to the wheel unit. The control device according to the invention for controlling the adjusting device is designed such that the adjusting device of the wheel unit in a first frequency range first actuating movements for generating quasi-static deflections of the wheel unit according to the radius of curvature of a currently traversed infrastructure segment imprints. Furthermore, it is designed to control the adjusting device in the manner of a stability control such that the wheel unit in a second frequency range different from the first frequency range the first positioning movements superimposed second actuating movements are applied, which serve to generate deflections of the wheel unit to stabilize the vehicle running.

Die Stelleinrichtung, die als einfacher Stellantrieb ausgebildet sein kann erzeugt mit anderen Worten Auslenkungen und Kräfte entsprechend den Vorgaben der Regeleinrichtung und bewirkt so eine Drehung der Radeinheit, also eines Radpaares oder Radsatzes, um die Hochachse und zusätzlich oder alternativ eine Translation der Radeinheit in Querrichtung. Die Stelleinrichtung, also beispielsweise der Stellantrieb, ist erfindungsgemäß so ausgeführt, dass sie quasistatische Auslenkungen und Kräfte entsprechend dem Bogenradius eines zu durchfahrenden Streckensegments, beispielsweise eines Gleisbogens, erzeugt und Auslenkungen und Kräfte mit anderer, in der Regel höherer Frequenz zur Stabilisierung des Fahrzeuglaufs sowohl beim Befahren eines Bogens als auch bei Geradeauslauf überlagert. Eine besonders gute Einstellung der Querkräfte sowie eine besonders wirkungsvolle Stabilisierung lässt sich dabei erzielen, wenn mehrere, vorzugsweise alle Radeinheiten des Fahrzeugs über die erfindungsgemäße Radialsteuerung angesteuert werden.The adjusting device, which may be designed as a simple actuator generates in other words deflections and forces according to the specifications of the control device and thus causes a rotation of the wheel unit, ie a pair of wheels or wheelset to the vertical axis and additionally or alternatively a translation of the wheel unit in the transverse direction. The adjusting device, that is, for example, the actuator, according to the invention is designed so that they quasistatic deflections and forces according to the radius of curvature of a segment to be traversed, such as a curve, and generates deflections and forces with other, usually higher frequency to stabilize the vehicle both during the Driving on a bow as well as superimposed during straight-ahead. A particularly good adjustment of the transverse forces as well as a particularly effective stabilization can be achieved if several, preferably all wheel units of the vehicle are controlled via the radial control according to the invention.

Es versteht sich, dass es sich bei der Frequenz der ersten und zweiten Stellbewegungen nicht um eine fest vorgegebene Frequenz sondern jeweils um eine sich zeitlich ändernde Frequenz handelt, welche letztlich durch den aktuellen Bewegungszustand des Fahrzeugs, insbesondere also durch die momentane Geschwindigkeit des Fahrzeugs und den aktuell befahrenen Streckenabschnitt vorgegeben wird.It is understood that the frequency of the first and second actuating movements is not a fixed predetermined frequency but each a time-varying frequency, which ultimately by the current state of motion of the vehicle, in particular by the instantaneous speed of the vehicle and the currently traveled section is specified.

Bei vorteilhaften Varianten des erfindungsgemäße Verfahrens umfasst der zweite Frequenzbereich Frequenzen, die zumindest teilweise höher liegen als Frequenzen aus dem ersten Frequenzbereich. Vorzugsweise liegt der zweite Frequenzbereich oberhalb des ersten Frequenzbereichs. Weiter vorzugsweise schließt sich der zweite Frequenzbereich an den ersten Frequenzbereich an. Bevorzugte Werte für den ersten Frequenzbereich liegen dabei zwischen 0 Hz und 3 Hz, während der zweite Frequenzbereich zwischen 0 Hz und 10 Hz, vorzugsweise zwischen 3 Hz und 10 Hz liegt. Ein Vorteil der Erfindung besteht in der Gewährleistung der genauen Einstellung von Radeinheiten in Gleisbögen, so dass die Summe der im Rad-Schiene-Kontakt übertragenen Querkräfte aller Radeinheiten eines Drehgestells unter allen Betriebsbedingungen gleich ist. Mit anderen Worten kann so erreicht werden, dass die jeweilige Resultierende aus den Querkräften, die auf den jeweiligen Radsatz einwirken, so eingestellt wird, dass die auf die einzelnen Radeinheiten eines Drehgestells einwirkenden Resultierenden zumindest betragsweise im wesentlichen gleich sind.In advantageous variants of the method according to the invention, the second frequency range comprises frequencies which are at least partially higher than frequencies from the first frequency range. The second frequency range is preferably above the first frequency range. Further preferably, the second frequency range connects to the first frequency range. Preferred values for the first frequency range are between 0 Hz and 3 Hz, while the second frequency range is between 0 Hz and 10 Hz, preferably between 3 Hz and 10 Hz. An advantage of the invention is to ensure the accurate adjustment of wheel units in track curves, so that the sum of the transmitted in wheel-rail contact transverse forces of all wheel units of a bogie under all operating conditions is the same. In other words, it is possible to achieve such that the respective resultant of the transverse forces which act on the respective wheelset is adjusted so that the resultant forces acting on the individual wheel units of a bogie are at least amountwise substantially equal.

Weiterhin ist die Stabilität des Laufs aller Radeinheiten sowohl bei Fahrt im geraden Gleis als auch in Gleisbögen gewährleistet. Die Einstellung ist im Bogen auch bei hohen Zugkräften und ungünstigen Rad-Schiene-Parametern möglich. Bei vorteilhaften Varianten der Erfindung ist daher vorgesehen, dass bei Bogenfahrt durch die Stellbewegungen in dem ersten Frequenzbereich eine quasistatische Einstellung der Räder der Radeinheit derart erfolgt, dass eine Egalisierung der Summen der an den Rädern der Radeinheiten des Fahrwerks wirkenden Querkräfte erfolgt. Mit anderen Worten wirkt auf jede Radeinheit jeweils eine Querkraftresultierende, zumindest deren Betrag im wesentlichen demjenigen der auf die anderen Radeinheiten einwirkenden Querkraftresultierenden entspricht.Furthermore, the stability of the run of all wheel units is ensured both when driving in the straight track and in track curves. The adjustment is possible in the arc even with high tensile forces and unfavorable wheel-rail parameters. In advantageous variants of the invention, it is therefore provided that, when traveling through the actuating movements in the first frequency range, a quasi-static adjustment of the wheels of the wheel unit takes place in such a way that a leveling of the sums of the transverse forces acting on the wheels of the wheel units of the chassis takes place. In other words, each wheel unit has a respective lateral force resultant, at least the amount of which substantially corresponds to that of the lateral force generators acting on the other wheel units.

Ein weiterer Vorteil der Erfindung besteht darin, dass sie es gestattet, durch entsprechende Einstellungen und Algorithmen spezielle Querkraftverteilungen zwischen den Radeinheiten zu erreichen und/oder spezielle Verschleißbedingungen zwischen Rad und Schiene an den Radeinheiten des Fahrwerks bzw. Fahrzeugs zu provozieren, um das Laufverhalten z. B. speziellen Betriebs- und/oder Instandhaltungsbedingungen optimal anzupassen. So kann für das einzelne Rad eine gezielte Verteilung des Verschleißes, also beispielsweise ein vorgegebenes Verschleißbild, provoziert werden, um die Entwicklung der Rad-Schiene-Profilpaarung zu kontrollieren. Bei weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist daher vorgesehen, dass bei Bogenfahrt durch die Stellbewegungen in dem ersten Frequenzbereich eine quasistatische Einstellung der Räder der Radeinheit derart erfolgt, dass sich eine Verteilung der an den Rädern der Radeinheiten des Fahrwerks wirkenden Querkräfte ergibt, bei der das Fahrverhalten vorgebbaren Betriebs- und Instandhaltungsbedingungen angepasst ist.Another advantage of the invention is that it allows to achieve by appropriate settings and algorithms special transverse force distributions between the wheel units and / or to provoke special conditions of wear between the wheel and rail on the wheel units of the chassis or vehicle to the running behavior z. B. special operating and / or maintenance conditions optimally adapt. So can for the individual Rad a targeted distribution of wear, so for example, a predetermined wear pattern, be provoked to control the development of the wheel-rail profile pairing. In further preferred embodiments of the method according to the invention, it is therefore provided that, when traveling through the actuating movements in the first frequency range, a quasi-static adjustment of the wheels of the wheel unit takes place such that a distribution of the transverse forces acting on the wheels of the wheel units of the chassis results Driving behavior specified operating and maintenance conditions is adjusted.

Zusätzlich ist eine Diagnose der korrekten Funktion aller Komponenten einer gemäß dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren arbeitenden Vorrichtung durch Überwachung der Laufstabilität und der Einstellung der jeweiligen Radeinheit möglich.In addition, a diagnosis of the correct functioning of all components of a device operating according to the method according to the invention is possible by monitoring the running stability and the setting of the respective wheel unit.

Bevorzugte Varianten des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass durch die zweiten Stellbewegungen in dem zweiten Frequenzbereich eine Regelung der Laufstabilität des Fahrzeugs erfolgt. Vorzugsweise geschieht dies, indem im Zuge der Regelung aus den gemessenen Momentanwerten einer oder mehrerer Zustandsgrößen des Systems eine Darstellung des momentanen Zustands des mechanischen Systems ermittelt, beispielsweise in Form einer entsprechenden Stabilitätsmatrix. Hierbei werden natürlich auch die Variabilitäten der die Stellbewegungen erzeugenden Stelleinrichtungen berücksichtigt. Zu den Zustandsgrößen gehören u. a. die Geschwindigkeit und die Beschleunigung der Radeinheit in Querrichtung, d. h. quer zur Fahrzeuglängsrichtung, sowie die Geschwindigkeit und die Beschleunigung der Radeinheit um die Hochachse.Preferred variants of the method according to the invention are characterized in that the running stability of the vehicle is regulated by the second setting movements in the second frequency range. This is preferably done by determining a representation of the instantaneous state of the mechanical system from the measured instantaneous values of one or more state variables of the system during the control, for example in the form of a corresponding stability matrix. In this case, of course, the variability of the adjusting movements generating actuators are taken into account. The state variables include, inter alia, the speed and acceleration of the wheel unit in the transverse direction, ie transversely to the vehicle longitudinal direction, as well as the speed and acceleration of the wheel unit about the vertical axis.

Durch geeignete mathematische Algorithmen wird diese Darstellung des momentanen Zustands des mechanischen Systems auf ihre Stabilität hin überprüft. Im Falle der Instabilität werden die von den Stelleinrichtungen herrührenden variablen Parameter der Systembeschreibung in geeigneter Weise derart variiert, dass bzw. bis man ein stabiles System erhält. Die so erhaltenen "stabilen" Momentanwerte für die von den Stelleinrichtungen herrührenden variablen Parameter werden dann zur Erzeugung der Steuersignale für die jeweilige Stelleinrichtung herangezogen, um über die Stelleinrichtungen auf einen stabilen Systemzustand hinzuwirken. Anders als bei bekannten Verfahren zu Stabilitätsregelung, bei denen eine Messwertaufnahme über längere Zeit und eine Analyse dieser Messreihen (beispielsweise mittels Fourier-Transformation) erforderlich ist, ist hierdurch eine schnelle, unmittelbare und wirksame Stabilisierung des Systems gewährleistet.By suitable mathematical algorithms, this representation of the current state of the mechanical system is checked for stability. In the case of instability, the variable parameters of the system description resulting from the adjusting means are suitably varied in such a way that a stable system is obtained. The so-obtained "stable" instantaneous values for the variable parameters resulting from the adjusting devices are then used to generate the control signals for the respective actuating device in order to establish a stable system state via the actuating devices. Unlike known methods for stability control, in which a measured value recording over a long time and an analysis of these series of measurements (for example by means of Fourier transformation) is required, this ensures a rapid, immediate and effective stabilization of the system.

Damit erlaubt die erfindungsgemäße Lösung den Verzicht auf mechanische Stabilisierungseinrichtungen zwischen Fahrwerk und Wagenkasten für das Laufverhalten wie z. B. Schlingerdämpfer oder Reibungs-Drehhemmungen. Auch auf Dämpfungselemente in der Kopplung der Radeinheiten, insbesondere im Koppelgestänge kann verzichtet werden. Weiterhin vorteilhaft sind die Minimierung des Anlaufwinkels und damit der Gleisbelastung und die Minimierung bzw. Optimierung des Verschleißes an Rad und Schiene. Es wird ein stabiler Fahrzeuglauf über den ganzen Geschwindigkeitsbereich, auch bei hohen Geschwindigkeiten erreicht. Durch das Fehlen eines Koppelgestänges zwischen den Radeinheiten und zum Wagenkasten kann es auch, neben dem einfacheren mechanischen Aufbau, nicht zu einer Übertragung von Körperschall und Vibrationen durch diese Koppelelemente kommen.Thus, the solution according to the invention allows the waiver of mechanical stabilizing devices between the chassis and car body for the running behavior such. B. roll damper or friction rotary inhibitors. It is also possible to dispense with damping elements in the coupling of the wheel units, in particular in the coupling linkage. Another advantage is the minimization of the starting angle and thus the track load and the minimization or optimization of the wear on the wheel and rail. It is a stable vehicle running over the entire speed range, even at high speeds achieved. Due to the lack of a coupling linkage between the wheel units and the car body, it can also, in addition to the simpler mechanical structure, not come to a transmission of structure-borne noise and vibration through these coupling elements.

Vorzugsweise ist die integrierte Regelung bei einem Fahrzeug mit einem ein Drehgestell umfassenden Fahrwerk derart ausgebildet, dass sie fahrwerksintern ohne mechanische Wirkverbindung zum Wagenkasten wirkt, um so wie eben bereits angedeutet neben dem einfacheren mechanischen Aufbau eine Übertragung von Körperschall und Vibrationen durch Koppelelemente zum Wagenkasten zu vermeiden. Es versteht sich, dass die Einrichtung zur Signalverarbeitung oder dergleichen dabei natürlich auch im bzw. am Wagenkasten angeordnet sein kann, diese jedoch dann lediglich über entsprechende Steuerleitungen, wie Kabel oder dergleichen, mit den Wirkelementen der Stelleinrichtung verbunden sein kann.Preferably, the integrated control in a vehicle with a bogie comprehensive chassis is designed such that it works inside the chassis without mechanical operative connection to the car body to avoid just as already indicated next to the simpler mechanical structure transmission of structure-borne noise and vibration by coupling elements to the car body , It is understood that the device for signal processing or the like can of course also be arranged in or on the vehicle body, but these can then be connected only via appropriate control lines, such as cables or the like, with the active elements of the adjusting device.

Bei vorteilhaften Varianten des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist vorgesehen, dass die Regelung wenigstens eine schnell reagierende Stelleinrichtung, beispielsweise einen schnell reagierenden Stellantrieb, ansteuert, welcher die Winkellage der Radeinheit relativ zum Fahrwerksrahmen oder Wagenkasten einstellt, um so beispielsweise eine optimale radiale Ausrichtung der Radeinheit bezüglich eines Gleisbogens zu erzielen.In advantageous variants of the method according to the invention, it is provided that the control activates at least one quickly reacting actuating device, for example a fast-acting actuator, which adjusts the angular position of the wheel unit relative to the chassis frame or car body, for example an optimum radial alignment of the wheel unit with respect to a curved track to achieve.

Bei weiteren bevorzugten Varianten ist vorgesehen, dass durch die Stellbewegungen der Relativwinkel zwischen Außenradeinheiten eines Fahrzeugs mit mindestens zwei Radeinheiten geregelt wird, um so eine optimale Ausrichtung der Radeinheiten des Fahrzeugs beispielsweise im Gleisbogen erzielen zu können.In further preferred variants, it is provided that the relative movements between the outer wheel units of a vehicle with at least two wheel units are regulated by the adjusting movements so as to be able to achieve optimum alignment of the wheel units of the vehicle, for example in the track curve.

Für die Regelung können grundsätzlich beliebige Eingangsgrößen verwendet werden, welche einzeln oder in Kombination Rückschlüsse auf den aktuellen Zustand, insbesondere den aktuellen Bewegungszustand des Fahrzeugs und/oder der Radeinheit zulassen. Bevorzugt erfolgt die Regelung der Stellung der Radeinheit in Abhängigkeit von dem Bogenradius und/oder der Fahrgeschwindigkeit und/oder unausgeglichener Querbeschleunigung und/oder dem Reibwert und/oder den Profilparametern zwischen Rad und Schiene.In principle, arbitrary input variables can be used for the control, which individually or in combination draw conclusions about the current state, in particular the current state of motion of the vehicle and / or the Allow wheel unit. Preferably, the control of the position of the wheel unit in dependence on the radius of curvature and / or the vehicle speed and / or unbalanced lateral acceleration and / or the coefficient of friction and / or the profile parameters between wheel and rail.

Weiter vorzugsweise werden für das Regelungsverfahren der ermittelte Querweg mindestens einer Radeinheit gegenüber dem Drehgestellrahmen oder Wagenkasten, der ermittelte Gierwinkel mindestens einer Radeinheit gegenüber dem Drehgestellrahmen oder Wagenkasten herangezogen. Ebenso können zusätzliche oder alternativ der ermittelte Stellweg bzw. Stellwinkel mindestens einer Stelleinrichtung oder die ermittelten Stellkräfte mindestens einer Stelleinrichtung herangezogen werden. Ebenso können die ermittelte Fahrgeschwindigkeit, die ermittelte Geschwindigkeit oder Beschleunigung der Radeinheit in Querrichtung oder die ermittelte Giergeschwindigkeit oder Gierbeschleunigung der Radeinheit verwendet werden. Schließlich kann zusätzlich oder alternativ auch der Bogenradius des Fahrweges herangezogen werden.Further preferably, the determined transverse path of at least one wheel unit relative to the bogie frame or car body, the determined yaw angle of at least one wheel unit relative to the bogie frame or car body are used for the control method. Likewise, additional or alternatively the determined travel or setting angle of at least one actuating device or the determined actuating forces of at least one actuating device can be used. Likewise, the determined travel speed, the determined speed or acceleration of the wheel unit in the transverse direction or the determined yaw rate or yaw acceleration of the wheel unit can be used. Finally, in addition or alternatively, the radius of curvature of the track can be used.

Die Stelleinrichtung kann grundsätzlich beliebig ausgestaltet sein, um die entsprechenden Stellbewegungen zu erzielen. Grundsätzlich kann vorgesehen sein, dass die ersten und zweiten Stellbewegungen durch eine einzige Stelleinrichtung erzeugt werden. Hierbei ist dann lediglich vorzusehen, dass die Stelleinrichtung ausreichend schnell reagierend ausgebildet ist, um die zweiten Stellbewegungen in dem zweiten Frequenzbereich zu erzeugen. Es versteht sich natürlich auch, dass für die Erzeugung der ersten und zweiten Stellbewegungen unterschiedliche Stelleinrichtungen vorgesehen sein können. Vorzugsweise ist die Stelleinrichtung als elektrischer, hydraulischer oder pneumatischer Stellantrieb ausgebildet.The adjusting device can in principle be configured as desired in order to achieve the corresponding adjusting movements. In principle, it can be provided that the first and second actuating movements are generated by a single adjusting device. In this case, it is then only necessary to provide that the setting device is designed to react sufficiently quickly in order to generate the second setting movements in the second frequency range. Of course, it is also understood that different actuating devices can be provided for the generation of the first and second actuating movements. Preferably the adjusting device designed as an electric, hydraulic or pneumatic actuator.

Die Anzahl und Anordnung der Stelleinrichtungen kann grundsätzlich beliebig gewählt werden. Es muss lediglich sichergestellt sein, dass die entsprechenden Stellbewegungen zuverlässig erzeugt werden können. Bei bevorzugten Varianten der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist vorgesehen, dass pro Rad der Radeinheit und zusätzlich oder alternativ pro Radlager der Radeinheit und weiterhin zusätzlich oder alternativ pro gekoppelten Rädern der Radeinheit mindestens eine Stelleinrichtung vorgesehen ist.The number and arrangement of the adjusting devices can basically be chosen arbitrarily. It only has to be ensured that the corresponding positioning movements can be reliably generated. In preferred variants of the device according to the invention it is provided that at least one adjusting device is provided per wheel of the wheel unit and additionally or alternatively per wheel bearing of the wheel unit and furthermore additionally or alternatively per coupled wheel of the wheel unit.

Die Kopplung zwischen der Stelleinrichtung und der Radeinheit kann grundsätzlich beliebig ausgestaltet sein. Bei vorteilhaften Varianten der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung kann zwischen der Stelleinrichtung und dem Rad oder Radlager der Radeinheit ein Getriebe angeordnet sein, um so mit einfachen Stelleinrichtungen in einfacher Weise die Stellbewegungen bzw. Stellkräfte gewünschter Höhe zu erzeugen.The coupling between the adjusting device and the wheel unit can basically be configured as desired. In advantageous variants of the device according to the invention can be arranged between the adjusting device and the wheel or wheel bearing of the wheel unit, a transmission, so as to produce with simple adjusting devices in a simple manner, the adjusting movements or actuating forces of desired height.

Die Wirkungsweise, insbesondere die Wirkbewegung der Stelleinrichtung kann an die erforderliche Stellbewegung angepasst sein. Ist beispielsweise eine lineare Stellbewegung erforderlich oder gewünscht, so ist vorzugsweise vorgesehen, dass die Stelleinrichtung eine lineare Wirkbewegung aufweist. Ist hingegen eine rotatorische Stellbewegung erforderlich bzw. gewünscht, so ist vorzugsweise vorgesehen, dass die Stelleinrichtung eine rotatorische Wirkbewegung aufweist.The mode of action, in particular the effective movement of the adjusting device can be adapted to the required adjusting movement. If, for example, a linear adjusting movement is required or desired, it is preferably provided that the setting device has a linear active movement. However, if a rotational adjustment movement is required or desired, it is preferably provided that the adjusting device has a rotary active movement.

Die Anordnung der Stelleinrichtung kann grundsätzlich beliebig in Abhängigkeit von der gewünschten Kopplung zwischen den einzelnen Radeinheiten erfolgen. So kann die Stelleinrichtung zwischen den Rädern unterschiedlicher Fahrzeugseiten angeordnet sein, während sie auch auf einer Fahrzeugseite, insbesondere zwischen Rädern einer Fahrzeugseite angeordnet sein kann.The arrangement of the adjusting device can in principle be arbitrary depending on the desired coupling between the individual wheel units. Thus, the adjusting device can be arranged between the wheels of different sides of the vehicle, while it can also be arranged on a vehicle side, in particular between wheels of a vehicle side.

Um auch bei dem Ausfall einzelner Stelleinrichtungen einen zuverlässigen Betrieb sicherzustellen, ist bei bevorzugten Varianten der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung vorgesehen, dass zur Schaffung einer Redundanz mehrere Stelleinrichtungen kombiniert werden, welche dann in vorteilhafter Weise zu Erzeugung ein und derselben Stellbewegungen dienen und diese auch bei Ausfall der anderen Stelleinrichtung bzw. Stelleinrichtungen jeweils für sich alleine erzeugen können.In order to ensure reliable operation even in the event of failure of individual actuating devices, it is provided in preferred variants of the device according to the invention that multiple control devices are combined to provide redundancy, which then advantageously serve to produce one and the same actuating movements and this also in the event of failure of the other Can produce adjusting device or actuating devices each alone.

Die Erfindung wird anhand der in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele nachfolgend näher erläutert. Es zeigen schematisch und nicht maßstäblich

Fig. 1
ein selbstlenkendes, dreiachsiges Fahrwerk bzw. Fahrzeug,
Fig. 2
ein zweiachsiges Fahrwerk bzw. Fahrzeug, und
Fig. 3 bis 7
jeweils ein Radpaar bzw. einen Radsatz ei- nes Fahrwerks oder Fahrzeugs mit aktiver Radial- steuerung in unterschiedlichen Ausführungen.
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings. They show schematically and not to scale
Fig. 1
a self-steering, three-axle chassis or vehicle,
Fig. 2
a biaxial chassis or vehicle, and
Fig. 3 to 7
in each case one wheel pair or a wheel set of a chassis or vehicle with active radial control in different designs.

Fig. 1 zeigt ein dreiachsiges Fahrwerk 1 für ein Schienenfahrzeug, z.B. ein dreiachsiges Drehgestell oder drei am Wagenkasten angebrachte gekoppelte Radeinheiten in Form von Radsätzen oder Radpaaren. Dieses weist einen in der Fig. nicht dargestellten, aus Längs- und Querträgern bestehenden Drehgestell- oder Wagenkastenrahmen auf. An den Längsträgern sind Radlagergehäuse 2 bis 7 der drei Radeinheiten 8, 9, 10 über nicht dargestellte Federelemente befestigt, und zwar Radlagergehäuse 2, 3 für die erste Radeinheit 8 (Außenradeinheit), Radlagergehäuse 4, 5 für die zweite Radeinheit 9 (Mittelradeinheit) und Radlagergehäuse 6, 7 für die dritte Radeinheit 10 (Außenradeinheit). Die Radeinheiten 8, 9, 10 umfassen Räder 11. Die Radeinheiten 8, 9, 10 können durch nicht dargestellte Antriebsmotoren, beispielsweise Tatzlager- oder Gestellmotoren, angetrieben werden. Fig. 1 shows a three-axle chassis 1 for a rail vehicle, such as a three-axle bogie or three attached to the car body coupled wheel units in Shape of wheelsets or pairs of wheels. This has a in Fig. Not shown, consisting of longitudinal and transverse beams bogie or car body frame. Wheel bearing housings 2 to 7 of the three wheel units 8, 9, 10 are attached to the longitudinal members via spring elements, not shown, namely wheel bearing housings 2, 3 for the first wheel unit 8 (outer wheel unit), wheel bearing housings 4, 5 for the second wheel unit 9 (middle wheel unit) and Wheel bearing housing 6, 7 for the third wheel unit 10 (outer wheel unit). The wheel units 8, 9, 10 comprise wheels 11. The wheel units 8, 9, 10 can be driven by drive motors, not shown, for example, Tatzlager- or rack motors.

Die Radlagergehäuse 2, 3, 6, 7 der beiden Außenradeinheiten 8, 10 sind unter anderem in Fahrtrichtung bzw. entgegengesetzt zur Fahrtrichtung des Schienenfahrzeugs beweglich, was durch Richtungspfeile x1, x2 angedeutet ist. Die Radlagergehäuse 4, 5 der Mittelradeinheit 9 sind unter anderem senkrecht zur Fahrtrichtung des Schienenfahrzeugs beweglich, was durch Richtungspfeile y1, y2 angedeutet ist.The wheel bearing housing 2, 3, 6, 7 of the two Außenradinheiten 8, 10 are movable, inter alia, in the direction of travel or opposite to the direction of travel of the rail vehicle, which is indicated by directional arrows x1, x2 . The wheel bearing housings 4, 5 of the middle wheel unit 9 are movable inter alia perpendicular to the direction of travel of the rail vehicle, which is indicated by directional arrows y1, y2 .

Die Radlagergehäuse 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 sind jeweils nur auf derselben Fahrwerksseite über Lenkerstangen-Drehhebel-Konfigurationen gekoppelt.The wheel bearing housings 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 are each coupled only on the same chassis side via handlebar pivot-lever configurations.

Eine schräge Lenkerstange 12 ist zwischen einem Gelenk 13 eines Winkelhebels 14 und einem Gelenk 15 des Radlagergehäuses 3 angeordnet.An oblique handlebar 12 is disposed between a hinge 13 of an angle lever 14 and a hinge 15 of the wheel bearing housing 3 .

Der Winkelhebel 14 hat eine rahmenfeste Drehachse 16 und ist über Gelenk 17 über seinen zweiten Arm mit der Stirnseite des Radlagers 5 der Mittelradeinheit 9 verbunden.The angle lever 14 has a frame-fixed axis of rotation 16 and is connected via hinge 17 via its second arm to the end face of the wheel bearing 5 of the center wheel unit 9 .

Dem Radlagergehäuse 7 ist ein Drehhebel 18 mit rahmenfester zentrischer Drehachse 19 zugeordnet, wobei die zum Radlagergehäuse 7 führende Lenkerstange 20 am ersten Gelenk 21 dieses Drehhebels 18 angreift und das zweite Gelenk 22 dieses Drehhebels 18 mit einer Lenkerstange 23 verbunden ist, die andererseits zum bereits erwähnten Gelenk 13 des Winkelhebels 14 führt.The wheel bearing housing 7 is assigned a rotary lever 18 with a frame-fixed centric axis of rotation 19 , the bearing for the wheel bearing housing 7 handlebar 20 at the first joint 21 of this rotary lever 18 engages and the second joint 22 of this rotary lever 18 is connected to a handlebar 23 , on the other hand to the already mentioned Joint 13 of the angle lever 14 leads.

In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Kopplungen der Radlagergehäuse 3, 5, 7 der einen Fahrwerksseite symmetrisch zur Längsachse des Schienenfahrzeugs auch bei den Radlagergehäusen 2, 4, 6 der anderen Fahrwerksseite realisiert.In this embodiment, the couplings of the wheel bearing housing 3, 5, 7 of a chassis side symmetrical to the longitudinal axis of the rail vehicle are also realized in the wheel bearing housings 2, 4, 6 of the other suspension side.

Eine schräge Lenkerstange 24 ist zwischen einem Gelenk 25 eines Winkelhebels 26 und Gelenk 27 des Radlagergehäuses 2 angeordnet.An oblique handlebar rod 24 is disposed between a hinge 25 of an angle lever 26 and joint 27 of the wheel bearing housing 2 .

Der Winkelhebel 26 hat eine rahmenfeste Drehachse 28 und ist über Gelenk 29 über seinen zweiten Arm mit der Stirnseite des Radlagers 4 der Mittelradeinheit 9 verbunden.The angle lever 26 has a frame-fixed axis of rotation 28 and is connected via the joint 29 via its second arm to the end face of the wheel bearing 4 of the center wheel unit 9 .

Dem Radlagergehäuse 6 ist ein Drehhebel 30 mit rahmenfester zentrischer Drehachse 31 zugeordnet, wobei die zum Radlagergehäuse 6 führende Lenkerstange 32 am ersten Gelenk 33 dieses Drehhebels 30 angreift und das zweite Gelenk 34 dieses Drehhebels 30 mit einer Lenkerstange 35 verbunden ist, die andererseits zum bereits erwähnten Gelenk 25 des Winkelhebels 26 führt.The wheel bearing housing 6 is a rotary lever 30 associated with a frame-fixed centric axis of rotation 31 , wherein the wheel bearing housing 6 leading handlebar 32 at the first joint 33 of this rotary lever 30 engages and the second joint 34 of this rotary lever 30 with a handlebar 35th is connected, on the other hand leads to the already mentioned joint 25 of the angle lever 26 .

Zur Erzeugung der ersten und zweiten Stellbewegungen an den Radeinheiten 8, 9 und 10 sind eine Reihe von Stelleinheiten in Form von einfachen Stellantrieben vorgesehen, deren Anordnung und Wirkung im Folgenden beschrieben wird.To generate the first and second adjusting movements on the wheel units 8, 9 and 10 , a series of actuating units in the form of simple actuators are provided, whose arrangement and effect will be described below.

Am Radlagergehäuse 2 ist ein linearer, in Fahrtrichtung bzw. entgegen der Fahrtrichtung (x1, x2) wirkender Stellantrieb 36 angeordnet.At the wheel bearing housing 2 is a linear, in the direction of travel or counter to the direction of travel (x1, x2) acting actuator 36 is arranged.

Am Radlagergehäuse 4 ist ein linearer, senkrecht zur Fahrtrichtung (y1, y2) wirkender Stellantrieb 37 angeordnet. Alternativ oder in Kombination ist in Fig. 1 ein rotatorisch wirkender Stellantrieb 38 angeordnet, der eine Drehung um die Drehachse 28 bewirkt.At the wheel bearing housing 4 , a linear, perpendicular to the direction of travel (y1, y2) acting actuator 37 is arranged. Alternatively or in combination is in Fig. 1 arranged a rotationally acting actuator 38 , which causes a rotation about the rotation axis 28 .

Am Radlagergehäuse 6 ist ein linearer, in Fahrtrichtung bzw. entgegen der Fahrtrichtung (x1, x2) wirkender Stellantrieb 39 angeordnet. Alternativ oder in Kombination ist in Fig. 1 ein linearer, in Fahrtrichtung bzw. entgegen der Fahrtrichtung (x1, x2) wirkender Stellantrieb 40 am Gelenk 33 des Drehhebels 30 sowie ein rotatorisch wirkender Stellantrieb 41 angeordnet. Der Stellantrieb 41 bewirkt eine Drehung um die Drehachse 31. At the wheel bearing housing 6 is a linear, in the direction of travel or against the direction of travel (x1, x2) acting actuator 39 is arranged. Alternatively or in combination is in Fig. 1 a linear, in the direction of travel or counter to the direction of travel (x1, x2) acting actuator 40 on the hinge 33 of the rotary lever 30 and a rotary acting actuator 41 is arranged. The actuator 41 causes a rotation about the rotation axis 31.

Die Stellantriebe 36 bis 41 können wahlweise einzeln oder in Kombination verwendet werden. Bei der Kombination mehrerer Stellantriebe 36 bis 41 wird dadurch eine Redundanz geschaffen, so dass bei Ausfall eines oder mehrerer Stellantriebe 36 bis 41 die anderen, nicht ausgefallenen dessen bzw. deren Funktion zumindest teilweise übernehmen.The actuators 36 to 41 may optionally be used singly or in combination. In the combination of several actuators 36 to 41 thereby redundancy is created, so that in case of failure of one or more actuators 36 to 41, the others, not failed or its function at least partially take over.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren besteht in einer integrierten Regelung, die fahrwerksintern, d. h. ohne mechanische Wirkverbindung zum Wagenkasten, simultan bzw. integriert in mindestens zwei Frequenzbereichen erfolgt.The method according to the invention consists in an integrated control system, the inside of the chassis, d. H. takes place without mechanical operative connection to the car body, simultaneously or integrated in at least two frequency ranges.

In einem ersten Frequenzbereich erfolgt eine quasistatische Einstellung der Radeinheiten 8, 9, 10 in Gleisbögen unter Egalisierung der Summen der an den Radeinheiten 8, 9, 10 des Fahrwerks bzw. Fahrzeugs wirkenden Querkräfte. An jeder Radeinheit wirkt mit anderen Worten eine Querkraftresultierende, die den Querkraftresultierenden an den anderen Radeinheiten zumindest betragsweise entspricht.In a first frequency range, a quasi-static adjustment of the wheel units 8, 9, 10 takes place in track curves with equalization of the sums of the transverse forces acting on the wheel units 8, 9, 10 of the chassis or vehicle. In other words, at each wheel unit, a lateral force resultant acts, which corresponds to the lateral force resultant at the other wheel units at least in terms of amount.

In einem zweiten Frequenzbereich erfolgt die Regelung der Laufstabilität, wie sie oben bereits beschrieben wurde.In a second frequency range, the control of the running stability takes place, as has already been described above.

So wird aus gemessenen Momentanwerten einer oder mehrerer im Folgenden noch näher spezifizierten Zustandsgrößen des Systems eine Darstellung des momentanen Zustands des mechanischen Systems ermittelt. Dies geschieht beispielsweise in Form einer entsprechenden Stabilitätsmatrix. Diese Matrix wird zum einen durch die nicht veränderbaren mechanischen Parameter der nicht aktiv ansteuerbaren Elemente des Systems, wie beispielsweise Federn etc., beeinflusst. Ebenso fließen in die Ermittlung dieser Matrix jedoch auch die variablen Parameter der Stellantriebe ein.Thus, a representation of the instantaneous state of the mechanical system is determined from measured instantaneous values of one or more state variables of the system which are specified in more detail below. This happens, for example, in the form of a corresponding stability matrix. This matrix is influenced on the one hand by the unchangeable mechanical parameters of the non-actively activatable elements of the system, such as springs, etc. However, the variable parameters of the actuators also flow into the determination of this matrix.

Durch geeignete mathematische Algorithmen wird diese momentane Stabilitätsmatrix auf ihre Stabilität hin überprüft. Im Falle der Instabilität werden die von den Stellantrieben herrührenden, aktiv beeinflussbaren variablen Parameter der Systembeschreibung in geeigneter Weise derart variiert, dass bzw. bis sich eine stabile Stabilitätsmatrix ergibt, d. h. man ein stabiles System erhält. Die so erhaltenen "stabilen" Momentanwerte für die von den Stellantrieben herrührenden variablen Parameter werden dann zur Erzeugung der Steuersignale für den jeweiligen Stellantrieb herangezogen. So kann über die Stellantriebe schnell, einfach und wirksam auf einen stabilen Systemzustand hingewirkt werden. Anders als bei bekannten Verfahren zu Stabilitätsregelung ist hier keine Messwertaufnahme über längere Zeit und eine Analyse dieser Messreihen (beispielsweise mittels Fourier-Transformation) erforderlich, mit der nur eine zeitverzögerte Reaktion auf den aktuellen Bewegungszustand des Systems möglich ist.By means of suitable mathematical algorithms, this momentary stability matrix is checked for stability. In the case of instability, the actively influenceable variable parameters of the system description resulting from the actuators are suitably varied in such a way that or until a stable stability matrix results, ie a stable system is obtained. The thus obtained "stable" instantaneous values for the variable parameters resulting from the actuators are then used to generate the control signals for the respective actuator. Thus, the actuators can be used quickly, easily and effectively to achieve a stable system state. In contrast to known methods for stability control, no measured value recording over a long period of time and an analysis of these measurement series (for example by means of Fourier transformation) are required, with which only a time-delayed reaction to the current state of motion of the system is possible.

Zu den oben genannten Zustandsgrößen gehören u. a. die Geschwindigkeit und die Beschleunigung der Radeinheit in Querrichtung, d. h. quer zur Fahrzeuglängsrichtung, sowie die Geschwindigkeit und die Beschleunigung der Radeinheit um die Hochachse. Je nach dem gewählten Regelungskonzept wird wenigstens eine dieser gemessenen Zustandsgrößen oder eine Kombination dieser gemessenen Zustandsgrößen für die oben beschriebene Stabilitätsregelung herangezogen.The above state variables include u. a. the speed and acceleration of the wheel unit in the transverse direction, d. H. transverse to the vehicle's longitudinal direction, as well as the speed and acceleration of the wheel unit about the vertical axis. Depending on the selected control concept, at least one of these measured state variables or a combination of these measured state variables is used for the stability control described above.

Der zweite Frequenzbereich umfasst Frequenzen, die zumindest teilweise höher liegen als Frequenzen aus dem ersten Frequenzbereich. Diese Regelung steuert schnell reagierende Stellantriebe 36 bis 41 an, welche die Winkellage der Radeinheiten 8 und 10 bzw. die Querverschiebung der Radeinheit 9 relativ zum Rahmen einstellen.The second frequency range includes frequencies that are at least partially higher than frequencies from the first frequency range. This regulation controls fast-reacting actuators 36 to 41 , which control the angular position Setting of the wheel units 8 and 10 and the transverse displacement of the wheel unit 9 relative to the frame.

In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel wird der Relativwinkel zwischen den Außenradeinheiten 8, 10 sowie die Querverschiebung der Mittelradeinheit 9 geregelt.In this embodiment, the relative angle between the Außenradeinheiten 8, 10 and the transverse displacement of the center wheel 9 is regulated.

Alternativ oder in Kombination dazu können der oder die Absolutwinkel einer, mehrerer und/oder aller Radeinheiten 8, 9, 10 gegenüber einem Fahrwerksrahmen bzw. Wagenkasten geregelt werden.Alternatively or in combination, the absolute angle or angles of one, several and / or all wheel units 8, 9, 10 can be regulated relative to a chassis frame or car body.

Die Regelung der quasistatischen Einstellung der betreffenden Radeinheit 8, 9, 10 erfolgt in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel in Abhängigkeit allein vom Bogenradius des aktuell durchfahrenen Gleissegments. Der Bogenradius wird mit Hilfe der Messsignale von entsprechenden Sensoren, beispielsweise Querbeschleunigungs- und/oder Drehbeschleunigungssensoren, Drehgeschwindigkeitssensoren und/oder Quergeschwindigkeitssensoren bestimmt.The control of the quasi-static setting of the relevant wheel unit 8, 9, 10 takes place in this embodiment, depending solely on the radius of curvature of the currently traversed track segment. The radius of curvature is determined with the aid of the measurement signals from corresponding sensors, for example lateral acceleration and / or rotational acceleration sensors, rotational speed sensors and / or transverse velocity sensors.

Alternativ dazu kann die Regelung der Stellung der betreffenden Radeinheit 8, 9, 10 in Abhängigkeit von Bogenradius, Fahrgeschwindigkeit, unausgeglichener Querbeschleunigung, Reibwert und/oder Profilparametern zwischen Laufrad 11 und Schiene erfolgen. Auch die Bestimmung dieser Größen wird mit einer entsprechenden Sensorik vollzogen.Alternatively, the regulation of the position of the relevant wheel unit 8, 9, 10 in dependence on radius of curvature, driving speed, unbalanced lateral acceleration, coefficient of friction and / or profile parameters between impeller 11 and rail done. The determination of these quantities is also carried out with a corresponding sensor.

Für das Regelungsverfahren können beispielsweise der Querweg einer jeden Radeinheit 8, 9, 10 gegenüber dem Rahmen, der Gierwinkel einer jeden Radeinheit 8, 9, 10 gegenüber dem Rahmen, der Stellweg bzw. Stellwinkel der Stellantriebe 36 bis 41, die Stellkräfte bzw. -momente der Stellantriebe 36 bis 41, die (absolute) Fahrgeschwindigkeit, die (absolute) Geschwindigkeit bzw. (absolute) Beschleunigung der Radeinheit in Querrichtung, die (absolute) Giergeschwindigkeit bzw. die (absolute) Gierbeschleunigung der Radeinheit, und/oder der Bogenradius mittels entsprechender Sensoren, beispielsweise Querbeschleunigungs- und/oder Drehbeschleunigungssensoren, Drehgeschwindigkeitssensoren und/oder Quergeschwindigkeitssensoren herangezogen werden.For the control method, for example, the transverse travel of each wheel unit 8, 9, 10 relative to the frame, the yaw angle of each wheel unit 8, 9, 10 relative to the frame, the travel or angle of the Actuators 36 to 41, the actuating forces or moments of the actuators 36 to 41, the (absolute) driving speed, the (absolute) speed or (absolute) acceleration of the wheel unit in the transverse direction, the (absolute) yaw rate or the (absolute) Yaw acceleration of the wheel unit, and / or the radius of curvature by means of corresponding sensors, for example, lateral acceleration and / or rotational acceleration sensors, rotational speed sensors and / or transverse velocity sensors are used.

Eine Frequenzanalyse der Bewegungen der Radpaare bzw. Radsätze ist hierzu nicht erforderlich und unterbleibt.A frequency analysis of the movements of the wheel pairs or wheelsets is not required and is omitted.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung beinhaltet eine - in Fig. 1 nicht dargestellte - mit den entsprechenden Steuereingängen der Stellantriebe 36 bis 41 verbundene Regelungseinrichtung. Diese dient sowohl zur quasistatischen Einstellung als auch zur Stabilitäts-Regelung der Radeinheiten 8, 9, 10 des Schienenfahrzeugs mit mindestens zwei, in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel drei Radeinheiten 8, 9, 10 oder eines Drehgestells eines Schienenfahrzeugs mit mindestens zwei Radeinheiten.The inventive device includes a - in Fig. 1 not shown - connected to the corresponding control inputs of the actuators 36 to 41 control device. This serves both for quasi-static adjustment and for stability control of the wheel units 8, 9, 10 of the rail vehicle with at least two, in this embodiment three wheel units 8, 9, 10 or a bogie of a rail vehicle with at least two wheel units.

Die Stellantriebe 36 bis 41 erzeugen zum einen erste Stellbewegungen in Form von quasistatischen Auslenkungen und Kräfte entsprechend dem Bogenradius eines zu durchfahrenden Gleissegments, beispielsweise eines Bogens, und überlagern zweite Stellbewegungen in Form von Auslenkungen und Kräfte mit höherer Frequenz zur Stabilisierung des Fahrzeuglaufs sowohl beim Befahren eines Bogens als auch bei Geradeauslauf.The actuators 36 to 41 generate for a first actuating movements in the form of quasi-static deflections and forces corresponding to the radius of curvature of a track segment to be traversed, such as a bow, and superimpose second actuating movements in the form of deflections and forces with higher frequency to stabilize the vehicle running both when driving a Bow as well as straight-ahead.

Die Stellantriebe 36 bis 41 erzeugen Auslenkungen und Kräfte entsprechend den Vorgaben der Regelungseinrichtung.The actuators 36 to 41 produce deflections and powers according to the specifications of the control means.

Die Stellantriebe 36 bis 41 bewirken eine Drehung der Radeinheiten 8, 10 um die Hochachse und/oder eine Translation der Radeinheit 9 in Querrichtung.The actuators 36 to 41 effect a rotation of the wheel units 8, 10 about the vertical axis and / or a translation of the wheel unit 9 in the transverse direction.

Die Krafterzeugung in den Stellantrieben 36 bis 41 erfolgt elektrisch, hydraulisch, pneumatisch oder durch eine Kombination aus diesen Verfahren.The force generation in the actuators 36 to 41 is carried out electrically, hydraulically, pneumatically or by a combination of these methods.

Auf einer Fahrwerksseite ist pro Rad 11 bzw. Radlager der Radeinheit 8, 9, 10, wie in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel, mindestens ein Stellantrieb 36 bis 41 vorgesehen.On a chassis side per wheel 11 or wheel bearing of the wheel unit 8, 9, 10, as in this embodiment, at least one actuator 36 to 41 is provided.

Ein Stellantrieb 36 bis 41 wirkt auf mindestens zwei Räder, die miteinander gekoppelt sind. Die Kopplung kann, wie in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel zwischen einem Rad 11 und einem weiteren Rad 11 derselben Radeinheit 8, 9, 10 oder dem Rad einer anderen Radeinheit auf derselben oder gegenüberliegenden Fahrzeugseite angeordnet sein.An actuator 36 to 41 acts on at least two wheels which are coupled together. The coupling may, as in this embodiment, be arranged between one wheel 11 and another wheel 11 of the same wheel unit 8, 9, 10 or the wheel of another wheel unit on the same or opposite side of the vehicle.

Die Übertragung der Kraft oder des Momentes der Stellantriebe 36 bis 41 erfolgt direkt oder unter Zwischenschaltung eines Getriebes.The transmission of the force or torque of the actuators 36 to 41 is carried out directly or with the interposition of a gearbox.

Die Wirkbewegung der Stellantriebe 36, 37, 39, 40 ist in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel linear. Die Stellantriebe 36, 37, 39, 40 können gleichzeitig die Funktion einer Lenkerstange übernehmen. Sie wirken zusätzlich zu einer eventuell vorhandenen passiven Kopplung und sind mit ihr über Hebel bzw. Lenker verbunden.The effective movement of the actuators 36, 37, 39, 40 is linear in this embodiment. The actuators 36, 37, 39, 40 can take over the function of a steering rod simultaneously. They act in addition to any existing passive coupling and are connected to it via levers or handlebars.

Alternativ dazu kann der Stellantrieb rotatorisch wirken, wie dies im Ausführungsbeispiel für die Stellantriebe 38, 41 der Fall ist. Dann kann er gleichzeitig die Funktion eines Drehlagers übernehmen. Er wirkt zusätzlich zu einer eventuell vorhandenen passiven Kopplung und ist mit ihr über Hebel bzw. Lenker oder über eine Drehkopplung verbunden.Alternatively, the actuator can act rotationally, as is the case in the embodiment for the actuators 38, 41 . Then he can simultaneously take over the function of a pivot bearing. It acts in addition to any existing passive coupling and is connected to it via levers or handlebars or via a rotary coupling.

Fig. 2 zeigt ein Fahrwerk eines Schienentriebfahrzeuges. Dargestellt sind ein Drehgestell- oder Wagenkastenrahmen 50, zwei Radeinheiten 51, 52, mit Rädern 53 und Radlagergehäusen 54 bis 57. Die Radeinheiten 51, 52 sind mittels einer Drehwelle 58, Drehhebel 59, 60 und Lenkerstangen 61 radial steuerbar gelagert und mittels Primärfederelementen 62 mit dem Rahmen 50 verbunden. Fig. 2 shows a chassis of a railcar. Shown are a bogie or car body frame 50, two wheel units 51, 52, with wheels 53 and wheel bearing housings 54 to 57. The wheel units 51, 52 are mounted radially controllably by means of a rotary shaft 58, rotary lever 59, 60 and handlebars 61 and by means of primary spring elements 62 connected to the frame 50 .

Stellantriebe 63 bis 65 erzeugen erste Stellbewegungen in Form von quasistatischen Auslenkungen und Kräfte entsprechend dem Bogenradius eines zu durchfahrenden Fahrwegsegments, beispielsweise eines Gleisbogens, und überlagern zweite Stellbewegungen in Form von Auslenkungen und Kräfte mit höherer Frequenz zur Stabilisierung des Fahrzeuglaufs sowohl beim Befahren eines Bogens als auch bei Geradeauslauf.Actuators 63 to 65 generate first actuating movements in the form of quasi-static deflections and forces corresponding to the radius of curvature of a track segment to be traversed, such as a track curve, and superimpose second positioning movements in the form of deflections and forces with higher frequency to stabilize the vehicle running both when driving on a bow and straight ahead.

Die Stellantriebe 63 bis 65 erzeugen Auslenkungen und Kräfte entsprechend den Vorgaben einer damit verbundenen - in Fig. 2 nicht dargestellten - erfindungsgemäßen Regelungseinrichtung.The actuators 63 to 65 generate deflections and forces according to the specifications of an associated - in Fig. 2 not shown - control device according to the invention.

Die Stellantriebe 63 bis 65 bewirken eine Drehung der Radeinheiten 51, 52 um die Hochachse.The actuators 63 to 65 cause rotation of the wheel units 51, 52 about the vertical axis.

Die Krafterzeugung in den Stellantrieben 63 bis 65 erfolgt elektrisch, hydraulisch, pneumatisch oder durch eine Kombination aus diesen Verfahren.The force generation in the actuators 63 to 65 is carried out electrically, hydraulically, pneumatically or by a combination of these methods.

Die Stellantriebe 63 bis 65 wirken in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel auf beide Radeinheiten 51, 52, da diese über die Drehwelle 58, die Drehhebel 59, 60 und die Lenkerstangen 61 gekoppelt sind. Der lineare Stellantrieb 63 ist an einem Gelenkpunkt 66 des Drehhebels 59 angeordnet. Der lineare Stellantrieb 64 ist am Radlagergehäuse 56 der Radeinheit 52 angeordnet. Der rotatorische Stellantrieb 65 ist am Drehhebel 59 angeordnet und bewirkt eine Drehung um eine horizontal verlaufende Drehachse 67. The actuators 63 to 65 act in this embodiment on both wheel units 51, 52, since they are coupled via the rotary shaft 58, the rotary lever 59, 60 and the handlebars 61 . The linear actuator 63 is disposed at a hinge point 66 of the rotary lever 59 . The linear actuator 64 is disposed on the wheel bearing housing 56 of the wheel unit 52 . The rotary actuator 65 is disposed on the rotary lever 59 and causes a rotation about a horizontal axis of rotation 67th

Es können einer, mehrere oder alle der Stellantriebe 63 bis 65 vorgesehen sein. Kommen mehrere der Stellantriebe 63 bis 65 zum Einsatz, so ist es denkbar, dass bestimmte Stellantriebe für die Erzeugung der ersten Stellbewegungen, also die quasistatische Einstellung der Radeinheiten gemäß dem Gleisbogen (d.h. i. a. im niedrigeren Frequenzbereich) und andere für die Erzeugung der zweiten Stellbewegungen, also die Stabilitätsregelung (d.h. i. a. im höheren Frequenzbereich) eingesetzt werden.One, several or all of the actuators 63 to 65 may be provided. If several of the actuators 63 to 65 are used, it is conceivable that certain actuators for generating the first actuating movements, ie the quasi-static adjustment of the wheel units according to the track curve (dhia in the lower frequency range) and others for the generation of the second actuating movements, ie the stability control (dhia in the higher frequency range) can be used.

Bei der Kombination mehrerer Stellantriebe 63 bis 65 wird dadurch eine Redundanz geschaffen, so dass bei Ausfall eines oder mehrerer Stellantriebe 63 bis 65 die anderen, nicht ausgefallenen dessen bzw. deren Funktion zumindest teilweise übernehmen.In the combination of a plurality of actuators 63 to 65 thereby redundancy is created, so that in case of failure of one or more actuators 63 to 65, the other, not failed or take over its function at least partially.

Die Drehwelle 58 kann entfallen; dafür wird in diesem Fall auf jeder Seite mindestens ein Stellantrieb der Art 63 bis 65 angeordnet.The rotating shaft 58 can be omitted; for this purpose, at least one actuator of the type 63 to 65 is arranged in this case on each side.

In einem ersten Frequenzbereich erfolgt eine quasistatische Einstellung der Radeinheiten 51, 52 in Gleisbögen unter Egalisierung der Summen der an den Radpaaren bzw. Radsätzen 51, 52 des Fahrwerks bzw. Fahrzeugs wirkenden Querkräfte. Mit anderen Worten wird erreicht, dass auf die jeweilige Radeinheit eine Querkraftresultierende wirkt, welche den auf die anderen Radeinheiten einwirkenden Querkraftresultierenden zumindest betragsmäßig entspricht.In a first frequency range, a quasi-static adjustment of the wheel units 51, 52 takes place in track curves with equalization of the sums of the transverse forces acting on the wheel pairs or wheel sets 51, 52 of the chassis or vehicle. In other words, it is achieved that acts on the respective wheel unit a lateral force resulting, which corresponds to the force acting on the other wheel units transverse force resulting at least in terms of amount.

In einem zweiten Frequenzbereich erfolgt die oben beschriebene Regelung der Laufstabilität. Der zweite Frequenzbereich umfasst dabei Frequenzen, die zumindest teilweise höher liegen als Frequenzen aus dem ersten Frequenzbereich. Die Regelungseinrichtung, mit der diese Regelung realisiert wird, steuert die schnell reagierenden Stellantriebe 63 bis 65 an, welche die Winkellage der Radeinheiten 51, 52 relativ zum Rahmen einstellen.In a second frequency range, the control of the running stability described above takes place. The second frequency range includes frequencies that are at least partially higher than frequencies from the first frequency range. The control device, with which this control is realized, controls the fast-reacting actuators 63 to 65 , which adjust the angular position of the wheel units 51, 52 relative to the frame.

Auch in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel wird der Relativwinkel zwischen den Radeinheiten 51, 52 geregelt. Die Regelung der quasistatischen Einstellung der betreffenden Radeinheit 51, 52 erfolgt auch in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel in Abhängigkeit allein vom Bogenradius des zu durchfahrenden Fahrwegsegments.Also in this embodiment, the relative angle between the wheel units 51, 52 is controlled. The regulation of the quasi-static setting of the wheel unit 51, 52 in question also takes place in this embodiment in dependence solely on the radius of curvature of the roadway segment to be traveled.

In den Fig. 3 und 4 sind jeweils einzelne Radeinheiten von Fahrwerken bzw. Fahrzeugen mit aktiven Radialsteuerungen und unterschiedlichen Anordnungsmöglichkeiten von einem oder mehreren Stellantrieben 68 bis 76 dargestellt.In the Fig. 3 and 4 are each individual wheel units of chassis or vehicles with active radial controls and different arrangement options of one or more actuators 68 to 76 shown.

In Fig. 3 ist der lineare Stellantrieb 68 an einem Radlagergehäuse 77 angeordnet. Der lineare Stellantrieb 69 ist an einem Gelenk 78 am Ende eines Lenkbalkens 79 angeordnet. Das Gelenk 78 ist gleichzeitig über eine Lenkerstange 80 mit dem Radlagergehäuse 77 verbunden. Die Lenkerstange 80 ist um eine vertikale Drehachse 81, die die Mittellinie des Fahrzeugs schneidet, drehbar gelagert. An einem ebenfalls am Lenkbalken 79, außerhalb der Drehachse 81 angeordneten Gelenk 82 ist der lineare Stellantrieb 70 angeordnet. Der rotatorische Stellantrieb 71 ist am Drehpunkt 81 des Lenkbalkens 79 angeordnet. Der rotatorische Stellantrieb 72 ist über einen Drehhebel 83 und eine Lenkerstange 84 mit einem Gelenk 85 des Lenkbalkens 79 außerhalb der Drehachse 81 verbunden. Der Lenkbalken 79 ist über ein an seinem Ende angeordnetes Gelenk 86 und eine daran befestigte Lenkerstange 87 mit einem Radlagergehäuse 88 verbunden.In Fig. 3 the linear actuator 68 is arranged on a wheel bearing housing 77 . The linear actuator 69 is arranged on a hinge 78 at the end of a steering bar 79 . The joint 78 is simultaneously connected via a handlebar 80 to the wheel bearing housing 77 . The handlebar 80 is rotatably supported about a vertical axis of rotation 81 which intersects the centerline of the vehicle. At a likewise on the steering beam 79, arranged outside the axis of rotation 81 joint 82 of the linear actuator 70 is arranged. The rotary actuator 71 is disposed at the fulcrum 81 of the steering beam 79 . The rotary actuator 72 is connected via a rotary lever 83 and a handlebar 84 with a hinge 85 of the steering bar 79 outside the axis of rotation 81 . The steering beam 79 is connected via a arranged at its end joint 86 and a handlebar attached thereto 87 with a wheel bearing housing 88 .

Der lineare, in Fahrtrichtung wirkende Stellantrieb 73 ( Fig. 4 ) wirkt über ein Gelenk 89 mit einem Schenkel eines Winkelhebels 90 und eine Lenkerstange 91 auf ein Radlagergehäuse 92. Der Winkelhebel 90 ist um eine horizontale Drehachse 93 gelagert, an der ein rotatorischer Stellantrieb 76 angreift. Die linearen Stellantriebe 74, 75 wirken parallel auf einen Lenkbalken 94. Dies erfolgt über ein Gelenk 95 am Lenkbalken 94 bzw. ein Gelenk 96 eines Schenkels eines Winkelhebels 97. Der Winkelhebel 97 ist um eine vertikale Drehachse 98 gelagert und ist am anderen Ende über ein Gelenk, eine Lenkerstange 99 mit einem Radlagergehäuse 100 verbunden. Auch diese Stellantriebe 73 bis 76 sind einzeln oder in Kombination zur Redundanzerhöhung anwendbar.The linear, acting in the direction of travel actuator 73 ( Fig. 4 ) acts via a hinge 89 with a leg of an angle lever 90 and a handlebar 91 to a wheel bearing housing 92. The angle lever 90 is mounted about a horizontal axis of rotation 93 to which a rotary actuator 76 engages. The linear actuators 74, 75 act in parallel on a steering beam 94. This is done via a hinge 95 on the steering beam 94 and a hinge 96 of a leg of an angle lever 97. The angle lever 97 is mounted about a vertical axis of rotation 98 and is at the other end via a Joint, a handlebar 99 connected to a wheel bearing housing 100 . These actuators 73 to 76 are individually or in combination applicable to redundancy increase.

In den Fig. 5 bis 7 sind einzelne Radeinheiten eines Fahrwerks bzw. Fahrzeugs mit jeweils einem Stellantrieb 101, 102 dargestellt.In the Fig. 5 to 7 are individual wheel units of a chassis or vehicle, each with an actuator 101, 102 shown.

In Fig. 5 übernimmt der rotatorische Stellantrieb 101 gleichzeitig die Funktion der Kopplung der beiden Räder 103 über entsprechende Gelenke 104, an beiden Enden um 90° abgewinkelte und um ihre Längsachse drehbar gelagerte Drehwellen 105, Lenkerstangen 106 und Radlagergehäuse 107. Somit stellt der Stellantrieb 101 gleichzeitig beide Räder 103 entsprechend der Stabilitäts-Regelung und bewirkt eine Drehung der Räder 103 um die Hochachse. Mit anderen Worten erzeugt er gleichzeitig die ersten und zweiten Stellbewegungen.In Fig. 5 The rotary actuator 101 at the same time assumes the function of coupling the two wheels 103 via corresponding joints 104, angled at both ends by 90 ° and rotatably mounted about its longitudinal axis rotary shafts 105, handlebars 106 and wheel bearing housing 107. Thus, the actuator 101 simultaneously both wheels 103rd according to the stability control and causes a rotation of the wheels 103 about the vertical axis. In other words, it simultaneously generates the first and second actuating movements.

In Fig. 6 sind zwei Räder 108 mit ihren zugehörigen Radlagergehäusen 109 über Lenkerstangen 110, Gelenke 111 und eine an beiden Enden in entgegengesetzter Richtung um 90° abgewinkelte und um ihre Längsachse drehbar gelagerte Drehwelle 112 gekoppelt. Zwischen den abgewinkelten Enden der Drehwelle 112 ist über ein Gelenk 113 und eine Lenkerstange 114 der rotatorische Stellantrieb 102 angeordnet, der die Drehwelle 112 um ihre Längsachse rotieren und damit die Räder 108 um die Hochachse drehen lässt.In Fig. 6 two wheels 108 are coupled with their associated wheel bearing housings 109 via handlebars 110, joints 111 and an angled at both ends in the opposite direction by 90 ° and rotatably mounted about its longitudinal axis rotatably mounted shaft 112 . Between the angled ends of the rotary shaft 112 , the rotary actuator 102 is arranged via a joint 113 and a handlebar 114 , which rotate the rotary shaft 112 about its longitudinal axis and thus allows the wheels 108 to rotate about the vertical axis.

Sowohl in der Abwandlung nach Fig. 5 , als auch in der Abwandlung nach Fig. 6 können die Stellantriebe 101, 102 etwa mittig, zwischen den Rädern 103, 108 angeordnet werden. Der optimale Einbauort richtet sich nach dem Platzbedarf und der Gewichtsverteilung der einzelnen Komponenten.Both in the modification Fig. 5 , as well as in the modification Fig. 6 For example, the actuators 101 , 102 can be arranged approximately centrally between the wheels 103, 108 . The optimum installation location depends on the space required and the weight distribution of the individual components.

Fig. 7 zeigt eine weitere Abwandlung einer einzelnen Radeinheit mit gekoppelten Rädern 115. Die Kopplung erfolgt über Radlagergehäuse 116, daran angeordnete Lenkerstangen 117, 118, 119, Gelenke 120 und eine Drehwelle 121. Die Drehwelle 121 ist mittels am Rahmen befestigter Lager 122 drehbar um ihre Längsachse gelagert. An den Enden der Drehwelle 121 sind zur Verbindung mit den Lenkerstangen 118, 119 über Gelenke 120 Hebel 123 angeordnet. Die beiden Lenkerstangen 117, 119 sind mit einem rotatorischen Stellantrieb 124 verbunden, der eine Drehung der Räder 115 um die Hochachse bewirkt. Der rotatorische Stellantrieb 124 kann somit seitlich des Rahmens angeordnet werden. Fig. 7 shows a further modification of a single wheel unit with coupled wheels 115. The coupling via wheel bearing housing 116, arranged thereon handlebars 117 , 118 , 119 , joints 120 and a rotary shaft 121. The rotary shaft 121 is mounted by means of bearings mounted on the frame 122 rotatably about its longitudinal axis , At the ends of the rotary shaft 121 , levers 123 are arranged for connection to the handlebars 118, 119 via joints 120 . The two handlebars 117, 119 are connected to a rotary actuator 124 , which causes rotation of the wheels 115 about the vertical axis. The rotary actuator 124 can thus be arranged laterally of the frame.

Claims (26)

  1. Method for active radial control of the wheels (11, 53, 103, 108, 115) of at least one wheel unit (8, 9, 10, 51, 52) of a running gear, in particular of a running gear of a rail vehicle, in which
    - actuating movements are applied to the wheel unit (8, 9, 10, 51, 52), via at least one actuating device (36 to 41, 63 to 65, 68 to 76, 101, 102, 124), by carrying out an integrated control with actuating movements in at least two, non-identical frequency ranges, wherein
    - first actuating movements in a first frequency range and second actuating movements in a second frequency range, which is different from the first frequency range, are applied in a superimposed manner to the wheel unit (8, 9, 10,51,52),
    characterised in that
    - the control in the second frequency range takes place in real time, wherein
    - an instantaneous value of at least one state variable representing the current state of the vehicle and/or of the wheel unit (8, 9, 10, 51, 52) is determined,
    - a representation of the current state of the vehicle and/or of the wheel unit (8, 9, 10, 51, 52) is directly established from the instantaneous value and is analysed for stability,
    - in case of detection of an instability of the current state, a value of the alterable parameters of the at least one actuating device (36 to 41, 63 to 65, 68 to 76, 101, 102, 124) necessary to produce a stable state is determined and
    - the at least one actuating device (36 to 41, 63 to 65, 68 to 76, 101, 102, 124) is controlled using the determined value of the respective alterable parameter to produce a stable state of the vehicle and/or of the wheel unit (8, 9, 10, 51, 52).
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterised in that the integrated control, in a vehicle with a running gear comprising a bogie, is designed such that it acts within the running gear without any mechanical functional connection to the wagon body.
  3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that, when running in a curve, by means of the actuating movements in the first frequency range, a quasi-static setting of the wheels (11, 53, 103, 108, 115) of the wheel unit (8, 9, 10, 51, 52) takes place such that equalisation of the sums of the transverse forces acting on the wheels (11, 53, 103, 108, 115) of the wheel units (8, 9, 10, 51, 52) of the running gear takes place.
  4. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that, when running in a curve, by means of the actuating movements in the first frequency range, a quasi-static setting of the wheels (11, 53, 103, 108, 115) of the wheel unit (8, 9, 10, 51, 52) takes place such that a distribution of the transverse forces acting on the wheels (11, 53, 103, 108, 115) of the wheel units (8, 9, 10, 51, 52) of the running gear takes place, in which the running behaviour is matched to specifiable operating and maintenance conditions.
  5. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that control of the running stability of the vehicle takes place by means of the actuating movements in the second frequency range.
  6. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the second frequency range comprises frequencies which are, at least in part, higher than frequencies from the first frequency range.
  7. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the second frequency range lies above the first frequency range.
  8. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the second frequency range follows on from the first frequency range.
  9. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the first frequency range lies between 0 Hz and 3 Hz.
  10. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the second frequency range lies between 0 Hz and 10 Hz, preferably between 3 Hz and 10 Hz.
  11. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the control controls at least one fast reacting actuating device (36 to 41, 63 to 65, 68 to 76, 101, 102, 124) which sets the angular position of the wheel unit (8, 10, 51, 52) relative to the running gear frame or wagon body.
  12. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the relative angle between outer wheel units (8, 10, 51, 52) of a vehicle with at least two wheel units (8, 9, 10, 51, 52) is controlled by means of the actuating movements.
  13. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 12, characterised in that the absolute angle of at least one wheel unit (8, 9, 10, 51, 52) is controlled in relation to a running gear frame or a wagon body by means of the actuating movements.
  14. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 13, characterised in that the control of the position of the wheel unit (8, 9, 10, 51, 52) is carried out depending on the radius of curvature and/or the travelling speed and/or unbalanced transverse acceleration and/or the coefficient of friction and/or the profile parameters between wheel (11, 53, 103, 108, 115) and rail.
  15. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 14, characterised in that the following are used for the control method, the determined transverse travel of at least one wheel unit (8, 9, 10, 51, 52) relative to the bogie frame or wagon body; the determined yaw angle of at least one wheel unit (8, 9, 10, 51, 52) relative to the bogie frame or wagon body; the determined actuating travel or actuating angle of at least one actuating device (36 to 41, 63 to 65, 68 to 76, 101, 102, 124); the determined actuating forces of at least one actuating device (36 to 41, 63 to 65, 68 to 76, 101, 102, 124); the determined travelling speed; the determined speed or acceleration of the wheel unit (8, 9, 10, 51, 52) in the transverse direction; the determined yaw speed or yaw acceleration of the wheel unit (8, 9, 10, 51, 52); and/or the radius of curvature of the travel path.
  16. Apparatus for active radial control of at least one wheel unit (8, 9, 10, 51, 52) of a vehicle, in particular for applying the method according to any one of Claims 1 to 15 comprising
    - at least one actuating device (36 to 41, 63 to 65, 68 to 76, 101, 102, 124) connected to the wheel unit (8, 9, 10, 51, 52) for applying actuating movements to the wheel unit (8, 9, 10, 51, 52), in particular for applying a rotational movement about the vertical axis and/or a translational movement in the transverse direction, and
    - a control device connected to the actuating device (36 to 41, 63 to 65, 68 to 76, 101, 102, 124) for controlling the actuating device (36 to 41, 63 to 65, 68 to 76, 101, 102, 124), wherein
    - the control device for controlling the actuating device (36 to 41, 63 to 65, 68 to 76, 101, 102, 124) is designed such that the actuating device (36 to 41, 63 to 65, 68 to 76, 101, 102, 124)
    - in a first frequency range applies first actuating movements to the wheel unit (8, 9, 10, 51, 52) for generating quasi-static excursions of the wheel unit (8, 9, 10, 51, 52) corresponding to the radius of curvature of a track segment currently travelled along; and
    - in a second frequency range, which is different from the first frequency range, applies second actuating movements to the wheel unit (8, 9, 10, 51, 52) which are superimposed on the first actuating movements, to generate excursions of the wheel unit (8, 9, 10, 51, 52) for stabilising the running of the vehicle,
    characterised in that
    - the control device for controlling the actuating device (36 to 41, 63 to 65, 68 to 76, 101, 102, 124) is designed such that the control in the second frequency range takes place in real time, wherein
    - an instantaneous value of at least one state variable representing the current state of the vehicle and/or of the wheel unit (8, 9, 10, 51, 52) is determined,
    - a representation of the current state of the vehicle and/or of the wheel unit (8, 9, 10, 51, 52) is directly established from the instantaneous value and is analysed for stability,
    - in case of detection of an instability of the current state, a value of the alterable parameters of the at least one actuating device (36 to 41, 63 to 65, 68 to 76, 101, 102, 124) necessary to produce a stable state is determined and
    - the at least one actuating device (36 to 41, 63 to 65, 68 to 76, 101, 102, 124) is controlled using the determined value of the respective, alterable parameter to produce a stable state of the vehicle and/or of the wheel unit (8, 9, 10, 51, 52).
  17. Apparatus according to Claim 16, characterised in that the actuating device (36 to 41, 63 to 65, 68 to 76, 101, 102, 124) is designed as an electric, hydraulic or pneumatic actuating drive (36 to 41, 63 to 65, 68 to 76, 101, 102, 124).
  18. Apparatus according to Claim 16 or 17, characterised in that at least one actuating device (36 to 41, 63 to 65, 68 to 76, 101, 102, 124) is provided per wheel (11, 53, 103, 108, 115) of the wheel unit and/or per wheel bearing of the wheel unit (8, 9, 10, 51, 52) and/or per coupled wheels (11, 53, 103, 108, 115) of the wheel unit.
  19. Apparatus according to any one of Claims 16 to 18, characterised in that at least two wheels (11, 103, 108, 115) are coupled to one another.
  20. Apparatus according to Claim 19, characterised in that at least two coupled wheels (11, 53, 103, 108, 115) belong to a wheel unit (8, 9, 10, 51, 52) and/or two coupled wheels belong to different wheel units, wherein the coupled wheels are arranged on the same side or on opposite sides of the vehicle.
  21. Apparatus according to any one of Claims 16 to 20, characterised in that a gear mechanism is arranged between the actuating device (36 to 41, 63 to 65, 68 to 76, 101, 102, 124) and the wheel (11, 53, 103, 108, 115) or wheel bearing of the wheel unit (8, 9, 10, 51, 52).
  22. Apparatus according to any one of Claims 16 to 21, characterised in that the actuating device (36, 37, 39, 40, 63, 64, 68 to 70) has a linear effective movement.
  23. Apparatus according to any one of Claims 16 to 22, characterised in that the actuating device (38, 41, 65, 71, 72, 101, 102, 124) has a rotational effective movement.
  24. Apparatus according to any one of Claims 16 to 23, characterised in that the actuating device (71, 101, 102) is arranged between the wheels (11, 53, 103, 108, 115) of different sides of the vehicle.
  25. Apparatus according to any one of Claims 16 to 24, characterised in that an actuating device (36 to 41, 63 to 65, 68, 69, 72, 75, 76, 124) is arranged on one side of the vehicle, in particular between wheels (11, 53, 103, 108, 115) of one side of the vehicle.
  26. Apparatus according to any one of Claims 16 to 25, characterised in that a plurality of actuating devices (36 to 41) are combined for the purpose of creating redundancy.
EP02776917A 2001-07-27 2002-07-29 Method and device for active radial control of wheel pairs or wheel sets on vehicles Expired - Lifetime EP1412240B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10137443 2001-07-27
DE10137443A DE10137443A1 (en) 2001-07-27 2001-07-27 Method and device for active radial control of wheel pairs or wheel sets of vehicles
PCT/EP2002/008436 WO2003010039A2 (en) 2001-07-27 2002-07-29 Method and device for active radial control of wheel pairs or wheel sets on vehicles

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1412240A2 EP1412240A2 (en) 2004-04-28
EP1412240B1 true EP1412240B1 (en) 2010-03-03

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Family Applications (1)

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EP02776917A Expired - Lifetime EP1412240B1 (en) 2001-07-27 2002-07-29 Method and device for active radial control of wheel pairs or wheel sets on vehicles

Country Status (20)

Country Link
US (1) US7458324B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1412240B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4459617B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100916439B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1325315C (en)
AT (1) ATE459517T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2002339430B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2454390C (en)
CZ (1) CZ2004130A3 (en)
DE (2) DE10137443A1 (en)
DK (1) DK1412240T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2341642T3 (en)
HU (1) HU229434B1 (en)
IL (2) IL160014A0 (en)
NO (1) NO333436B1 (en)
PL (1) PL208479B1 (en)
PT (1) PT1412240E (en)
RU (1) RU2283254C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2003010039A2 (en)
ZA (1) ZA200400554B (en)

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EP2762377A1 (en) 2013-01-30 2014-08-06 Bombardier Transportation GmbH Chassis with controlled wheel unit

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CN101868395B (en) * 2007-09-21 2012-05-30 住友金属工业株式会社 Steering bogie for rolling stock, rolling stock and articulated vehicle
KR100916594B1 (en) * 2007-12-06 2009-09-11 한국철도기술연구원 The steering bogie for railway vehicle with leverage
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RU2536300C2 (en) * 2013-03-05 2014-12-20 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Елецкий государственный университет им. И.А. Бунина" Diesel locomotive non-pedestal bogie frame
CN105946875B (en) * 2016-05-10 2018-02-09 同济大学 A kind of track train active radial system
NO342037B1 (en) * 2016-11-02 2018-03-19 Autostore Tech As Controlling movements of a robot running on tracks
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CN112758113A (en) * 2021-01-26 2021-05-07 青岛申晟轨道装备有限公司 Active radial control method and system for train

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1325315C (en) 2007-07-11
US7458324B2 (en) 2008-12-02
PT1412240E (en) 2010-05-27
CZ2004130A3 (en) 2005-01-12
RU2283254C2 (en) 2006-09-10
CA2454390A1 (en) 2003-02-06
ES2341642T3 (en) 2010-06-24
WO2003010039A2 (en) 2003-02-06
AU2002339430B2 (en) 2008-07-03
KR100916439B1 (en) 2009-09-07
DE10137443A1 (en) 2003-03-06
JP4459617B2 (en) 2010-04-28
NO20040357L (en) 2004-03-19
CN1527773A (en) 2004-09-08
DE50214258D1 (en) 2010-04-15
HU229434B1 (en) 2013-12-30
JP2004535330A (en) 2004-11-25
DK1412240T3 (en) 2010-06-21
EP1412240A2 (en) 2004-04-28
PL208479B1 (en) 2011-05-31
CA2454390C (en) 2012-02-21
HUP0400802A2 (en) 2004-07-28
RU2004105927A (en) 2005-07-10
IL160014A (en) 2009-09-22
KR20040017835A (en) 2004-02-27
IL160014A0 (en) 2004-06-20
ZA200400554B (en) 2005-05-17
ATE459517T1 (en) 2010-03-15
US20050103223A1 (en) 2005-05-19
WO2003010039A3 (en) 2003-11-20
PL367048A1 (en) 2005-02-21
NO333436B1 (en) 2013-06-03

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