EP1411296A2 - Oxygen lance for the high-temperature gasification of waste and method of operation - Google Patents

Oxygen lance for the high-temperature gasification of waste and method of operation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1411296A2
EP1411296A2 EP03090302A EP03090302A EP1411296A2 EP 1411296 A2 EP1411296 A2 EP 1411296A2 EP 03090302 A EP03090302 A EP 03090302A EP 03090302 A EP03090302 A EP 03090302A EP 1411296 A2 EP1411296 A2 EP 1411296A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oxygen
fuel
burner
oxygen lance
channel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03090302A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1411296B1 (en
EP1411296A3 (en
Inventor
Günter H. Kiss
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Thermoselect AG
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Thermoselect AG
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Priority to SI200332034T priority Critical patent/SI1411296T1/en
Publication of EP1411296A2 publication Critical patent/EP1411296A2/en
Publication of EP1411296A3 publication Critical patent/EP1411296A3/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/32—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid using a mixture of gaseous fuel and pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/152—Nozzles or lances for introducing gas, liquids or suspensions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/40—Gasification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for fuel supplies
    • F23K2900/05003—Non-continuous fluid fuel supply

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an oxygen lance according to the Features of the preamble of claim 1 and a method of operating the same in a high temperature reactor.
  • Oxygenation to the gasification bed for example in a high temperature reactor, with the help of oxygen lances to realize.
  • Oxygen lances in the the senses referred to here are water-cooled nozzles, with which usually oxygen or oxygen enriched Air in the internal combustion chamber of gasification reactors is injected.
  • German patent 195 12 249 C2 teaches oxygen lances to use with at least one permanently burning pilot flame with high flame temperature and high burning speed operated in this way be that the lance oxygen at least approximately Speed of sound is accelerated whereby the lance oxygen is also extremely heated becomes.
  • the high temperature of the oxygen increases the gasification rate, the strong acceleration of oxygen increases the area of influence the lance is crucial.
  • an oxygen lance is used for this used with a burner for generation the pilot flame is equipped.
  • This burner / oxygen lance combination stands out in particular from the fact that in addition to a first oxygen channel, the for the entry of oxygen in the Gasification bed of the reactor, a separate, second oxygen channel is provided, the supply the pilot flame generated by the burner concerned with oxygen.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a burner / oxygen lance combination as well as a procedure to indicate their use, in burner operation can be used while doing the appraisal the prior art dangers mentioned above and disadvantages.
  • the channel for transporting reaction oxygen that is, the oxygen that is required to react Gasification bed of the reactor is introduced, identical is with the channel for supplying fuel oxygen, i.e. the oxygen to supply the burner or pilot flame, is particularly advantageous achieved that regardless of whether the burner / oxygen lance combination with always burning Pilot flame with or without oxygen supply the gasification bed of the reactor is always driven an oxygen flow is led through the oxygen channel is because at least the burner flame with the stoichiometric combustion necessary amount of Oxygen (fuel oxygen) is supplied.
  • fuel oxygen i.e. the oxygen to supply the burner or pilot flame
  • the device-like structure of the oxygen lance simplified overall with burner device, because connections and additional channels for the separate inflow of oxygen for pilot / burner flame on the one hand and the oxygen supply to the gasification bed of the reactor on the other hand.
  • a control device which is the amount of oxygen supplied in at least controls two different pass states, becomes burner flame for the two operating states and supplying reaction oxygen to the gasification bed on the one hand and burner flame without feed of reaction oxygen in the gasification bed on the other hand the amount of oxygen required in each case dosed fed.
  • Fuel in the sense of this entire application such as methane gas, in-process synthesis gas or individual Components of the same as well as liquid and / or pumpable, pollutant-containing substances his.
  • An advantageous embodiment for a control device which is the amount of oxygen supplied in at least two different pass states controls, is the realization as in the oxygen flow valves connected in parallel. hereby becomes a robust and technically particularly simple Path to the establishment of the required forward conditions with precisely adjustable and kept constant Passage reached.
  • Another development of the invention provides the reactor end of the burner / oxygen lance combination with a replaceable one To provide the burner head.
  • this is advantageous because the burner head of the hot atmosphere the high temperature reactor is exposed and thus as a wearing part only for a limited service life features, so that a quick and easy interchangeability the maintenance of the oxygen lance clearly simplified.
  • the interchangeability of such a burner head especially through the Property of the invention favors that by the saving of supply channels of the invention constructive construction of the oxygen lance on the reactor side final burner head and the connection between burner head and oxygen lance in their structure is significantly simplified. So he can Burner head through a plug or screw connection be realized, which in spatial agreement with the channels of the oxygen lance stands.
  • An advantageous development of the method for Operating the oxygen lance provides for the control device between the two operating states to switch pulsating. That way that through the oxygen lance into the gasification bed of the reactor entered reaction oxygen pulsating entered so that there is the advantage that channels in the gasification bed which are from the oxygen jet the lance may have been formed in the pulse breaks break down. Thus "bridging" avoided in the gasification bed.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an oxygen lance for high temperature gasification more heterogeneous Waste according to the state of the art (A) and as an exemplary embodiment of the present invention (B) in Juxtaposition.
  • B is the fuel supply channel I inside. It surrounds him a single oxygen channel II, to which the separate feed channels known from the prior art for fuel oxygen and reaction oxygen are summarized.
  • the burner / oxygen lance combination B only used in burner operation without oxygen as a reactant in the combustion bed of the reactor should be introduced, so the fuel channel I and the oxygen channel II each so much Fuel or oxygen, as for stoichiometric Burning in the pilot flame of the burner is needed, the pressure of oxygen for the burner is selected so that it is always above the partial pressure in the high temperature reactor, so that hot syngas enters the Oxygenation is excluded. Should be additional Oxygen as reactive oxygen in the Combustion bed of the reactor get, so will more oxygen is supplied in oxygen channel II.
  • the feed is from that in this figure Control device not shown provided.
  • Fig. 2 shows a longitudinal section through a more detailed Embodiment of an inventive Burner / oxygen lance combination.
  • the channel for supplying fuel gas I and the channel to supply oxygen II, which is the channel for Fuel surrounds, so that pipes inside each other arise. This becomes particularly clear in the cross section shown along the right Axis A-A.
  • connection valves which are separate here to the control valves and the flow connection between the valves and the feed channels shown.
  • water cooling system consisting of a supply nozzle 11 and feed-through channels 4 and 5 such that the water along the main axis of the oxygen lance first of all along the lance tube to the tip of the burner 1 inserted and then from the burner tip 1 in the opposite direction.
  • the burner tip 1 is through a plug connection attached to the lance tube 2 and has a funnel-shaped Sinking on which is from the reactor side End of the burner tip to the lower one Mouth of the feed pipe for fuel I tapered.
  • the burner tip is designed so that the cooling water channel that separates the water from the Spends reactor side facing the burner tip is connected in terms of flow to the cooling water channel, which the water in the opposite direction leads. This is achieved through an appropriate design the burner tip through small, with the cooling water channels tightly fitting when plugged in Channels with channel walls 31, 32.
  • Fig. 3 shows an embodiment for an inventive Control device, which by two in Valves IV and V connected in parallel with oxygen flow is realized and also a valve VI for control the separate fuel supply.
  • the oxygen flows into the left distributor and divides into a first and a second stream of oxygen.
  • the first flow of oxygen is in its flow rate from the valve controlled for the fuel oxygen V during the second flow of oxygen in its quantity through the valve is determined for the reaction oxygen IV. After passing the valves, they unite two oxygen flows back to a current that then exits the control device. It can by closing valve IV and that accordingly wide openings of the valve V the oxygen in of the amount to be dosed as for stoichiometric Burning in the pilot flame of the burner is required is, this pressure always above the partial pressure must be in the high temperature reactor. to Preservation of the stoichiometric combustion ratio must therefore open the valve VI, which Supply of fuel gas controls, set accordingly become.
  • Opening valve IV Additional oxygen, which is related to the Combustion in the pilot flame in superstoichiometric Amount supplied and thus as a reactant in the Gasification bed of the reactor should get through Opening valve IV can be added.
  • the pulsating Switch between the aforementioned first operating mode ("burner only”) and the second operating mode ("Burner and reaction oxygen supply”) can by pulsating opening and closing of the valve IV can be realized in the simplest way.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

An oxygen lance for high temperature gasification of optionally thermally-pretreated waste has channels (I, II and III) for transport of reaction oxygen, introduction of fuel and introduction of oxygen fuel, channel (I) being identical to channel (II) and containing a device which controls the introduced oxygen in at least two flow-through conditions. An Independent claim is also included for operating the lance in a high temperature reactor by operating with a permanent flame and operating firstly with the fuel and oxygen for the flame in approximately stoichiometric ratio and secondly with the oxygen in a super-stoichiometric ratio to the fuel such that a fraction of the oxygen acts as reaction partner in the high temperature reactor, the oxygen pressure always being chosen such that it is higher than the partial pressure in the high temperature reactor.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Sauerstofflanze nach den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffes des Anspruches 1 sowie ein Verfahren zum Betreiben derselben in einem Hochtemperaturreaktor.The invention relates to an oxygen lance according to the Features of the preamble of claim 1 and a method of operating the same in a high temperature reactor.

Zur Vergasung heterogener Abfälle ist es bekannt, die Sauerstoffzufuhr zum Vergasungsbett, beispielsweise in einem Hochtemperaturreaktor, mit Hilfe von Sauerstofflanzen zu verwirklichen. Sauerstofflanzen im hier bezeichneten Sinne sind wassergekühlte Düsen, mit denen üblicherweise Sauerstoff oder sauerstoffangereicherte Luft in den inneren Brennraum von Vergasungsreaktoren eingedüst wird.For the gasification of heterogeneous waste, it is known that Oxygenation to the gasification bed, for example in a high temperature reactor, with the help of oxygen lances to realize. Oxygen lances in the the senses referred to here are water-cooled nozzles, with which usually oxygen or oxygen enriched Air in the internal combustion chamber of gasification reactors is injected.

Die Deutsche Patentschrift 195 12 249 C2 lehrt, Sauerstofflanzen zu verwenden, die mit mindestens einer permanent brennenden Pilotflamme hoher Flammtemperatur und großer Brenngeschwindigkeit derart betrieben werden, dass der Lanzensauerstoff auf zumindest näherungsweise Schallgeschwindigkeit beschleunigt wird, wodurch der Lanzensauerstoff außerdem extrem aufgeheizt wird. Dabei erhöht die hohe Temperatur des Sauerstoffes die Vergasungsrate, die starke Beschleunigung des Sauerstoffes vergrößert den Einwirkungsbereich der Lanze entscheidend.The German patent 195 12 249 C2 teaches oxygen lances to use with at least one permanently burning pilot flame with high flame temperature and high burning speed operated in this way be that the lance oxygen at least approximately Speed of sound is accelerated whereby the lance oxygen is also extremely heated becomes. The high temperature of the oxygen increases the gasification rate, the strong acceleration of oxygen increases the area of influence the lance is crucial.

Nach dem Stand der Technik wird dafür eine Sauerstofflanze verwendet, die mit einem Brenner zur Erzeugung der Pilotflamme ausgerüstet ist. Diese Brenner-/Sauerstofflanzenkombination zeichnet sich insbesondere dadurch aus, dass neben einem ersten Sauerstoffkanal, der zur Eintragung von Sauerstoff in das Vergasungsbett des Reaktors dient, ein separater, zweiter Sauerstoffkanal vorgesehen ist, der die Versorgung der durch den Brenner erzeugten Pilotflamme mit Sauerstoff besorgt.According to the state of the art, an oxygen lance is used for this used with a burner for generation the pilot flame is equipped. This burner / oxygen lance combination stands out in particular from the fact that in addition to a first oxygen channel, the for the entry of oxygen in the Gasification bed of the reactor, a separate, second oxygen channel is provided, the supply the pilot flame generated by the burner concerned with oxygen.

Unterbleibt nun eine Zuführung von Sauerstoff in das Vergasungsbett des Reaktors und wird ausschließlich die Pilotflamme betrieben (Brennerbetrieb), so besteht die Gefahr, dass heißes Synthesegas aus dem Reaktor aufgrund des partiellen Überdrucks im Reaktor in den ersten Sauerstoffkanal, dem ja nun kein Sauerstoff zugeführt wird, hineindiffundiert. Dies ist deswegen besonders gefährlich, weil das Gemisch aus heißem Synthesegas und Sauerstoff in dem ersten Sauerstoffkanal zu einer Verpuffung führen kann, sobald zum Brennerbetrieb hinzu die Einbringung von Sauerstoff in das Vergasungsbett des Reaktors wieder zugeschaltet wird.Now there is no supply of oxygen into the Gasification bed of the reactor and is exclusively the pilot flame operated (burner operation), so there is the danger of hot syngas from the reactor due to the partial overpressure in the reactor in the first oxygen channel, which is now no oxygen is diffused. This is especially dangerous because of the mixture hot synthesis gas and oxygen in the first oxygen channel can lead to a deflagration as soon as the introduction of oxygen to the burner operation switched back into the gasification bed of the reactor becomes.

Diffundiert heißes Synthesegas in zuvor beschriebenem Brennerbetrieb in den ersten Kanal zur Zuführung von Sauerstoff in das Vergasungsbett des Reaktors, so entsteht darüber hinaus der Nachteil, dass aufgrund des Temperaturunterschiedes zwischen dem heißen Synthesegas und der üblicherweise mit Wasser gekühlten Sauerstofflanzenkombination kondensierbare Bestandteile des Synthesegases im ersten, abgeschalteten Sauerstoffkanal mindestens teilweise kondensieren.Diffuses hot synthesis gas in the previously described Burner operation in the first channel for feeding Oxygen in the gasification bed of the reactor, so there is also the disadvantage that due to the temperature difference between the hot synthesis gas and the one that is usually cooled with water Oxygen lance combination of condensable components of the synthesis gas in the first, turned off Condense the oxygen channel at least partially.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Brenner-/Sauerstofflanzenkombination sowie ein Verfahren zu deren Benutzung anzugeben, die im Brennerbetrieb benutzt werden kann und dabei den bei der Würdigung des Standes der Technik vorstehend genannten Gefahren und Nachteilen begegnet.The object of the present invention is to provide a burner / oxygen lance combination as well as a procedure to indicate their use, in burner operation can be used while doing the appraisal the prior art dangers mentioned above and disadvantages.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mit einer Sauerstofflanze nach Patentanspruch 1 und einem Verfahren zum Betreiben derselben nach Patentanspruch 7 gelöst.This object is achieved with an oxygen lance according to claim 1 and a method to operate the same solved according to claim 7.

Diese Lösung weist dabei insbesondere die folgenden Vorteile auf:This solution particularly has the following Advantages on:

Dadurch, dass der Kanal zum Transport von Reaktionssauerstoff, also den Sauerstoff, der zur Reaktion ins Vergasungsbett des Reaktors eingebracht wird, identisch ist mit dem Kanal zur Zuführung von Brennsauerstoff, also dem Sauerstoff zur Versorgung der Brenner- bzw. Pilotflamme, wird besonders vorteilhafterweise erreicht, dass unabhängig davon, ob die Brenner-/Sauerstofflanzenkombination bei stets brennender Pilotflamme mit oder ohne Zuführung von Sauerstoff in das Vergasungsbett des Reaktors getrieben wird, stets ein Sauerstoffstrom durch den Sauerstoffkanal geführt wird, da mindestens die Brennerflamme mit der zur stöchiometrischen Verbrennung notwendigen Menge an Sauerstoff (Brennsauerstoff) versorgt wird. Auf diese Weise kann nicht heißes Synthesegas aus dem Reaktor in den Sauerstoffkanal hineindiffundieren und es wird die Gefahr einer Verpuffung bei Wiederinbetriebnahme der Sauerstoffzufuhr zum Vergasungsbett des Reaktors (Reaktionssauerstoff) vermieden und gleichzeitig das Kondensieren von heißem Synthesegas im Reaktionssauerstoff-Zuführungskanal ausgeschlossen.Because the channel for transporting reaction oxygen, that is, the oxygen that is required to react Gasification bed of the reactor is introduced, identical is with the channel for supplying fuel oxygen, i.e. the oxygen to supply the burner or pilot flame, is particularly advantageous achieved that regardless of whether the burner / oxygen lance combination with always burning Pilot flame with or without oxygen supply the gasification bed of the reactor is always driven an oxygen flow is led through the oxygen channel is because at least the burner flame with the stoichiometric combustion necessary amount of Oxygen (fuel oxygen) is supplied. To this Way can not hot syngas from the reactor diffuse into the oxygen channel and it will the risk of deflagration when restarting the oxygen supply to the gasification bed of the reactor (Reactive oxygen) avoided and at the same time that Condensation of hot synthesis gas in the reaction oxygen feed channel locked out.

Ferner wird der vorrichtungsmäßige Aufbau der Sauerstofflanze mit Brennervorrichtung insgesamt vereinfacht, da Anschlüsse und zusätzliche Kanäle für den separaten Zustrom von Sauerstoff für Pilot/Brennerflamme einerseits und die Sauerstoffzuführung zum Vergasungsbett des Reaktors andererseits entfallen.Furthermore, the device-like structure of the oxygen lance simplified overall with burner device, because connections and additional channels for the separate inflow of oxygen for pilot / burner flame on the one hand and the oxygen supply to the gasification bed of the reactor on the other hand.

Dadurch, dass eine Steuervorrichtung enthalten ist, welche die Menge des zugeführten Sauerstoffes in mindestens zwei verschiedenen Durchlass-Zuständen steuert, wird für die beiden Betriebszustände Brennerflamme und Zufuhr von Reaktionssauerstoff in das Vergasungsbett einerseits und Brennerflamme ohne Zufuhr von Reaktionssauerstoff in das Vergasungsbett andererseits die jeweils notwendige Menge an Sauerstoff dosiert zugeführt.The fact that a control device is included which is the amount of oxygen supplied in at least controls two different pass states, becomes burner flame for the two operating states and supplying reaction oxygen to the gasification bed on the one hand and burner flame without feed of reaction oxygen in the gasification bed on the other hand the amount of oxygen required in each case dosed fed.

Dabei werden in der Betriebsart "Brennerflamme ohne Zufuhr von Reaktionssauerstoff in das Vergasungsbett" die Reaktanden Brennstoff und Sauerstoff in näherungsweise stöchiometrischem Verhältnis für die Verbrennung in der Brennerflamme zugeführt. In der Betriebsart "Brennerflamme mit Zuführung von Reaktionssauerstoff in das Vergasungsbett" hingegen wird der Sauerstoff in überstöchiometrischem Verhältnis zum Brennstoff zugeführt, so dass der Anteil, der über den zugeführten Sauerstoffanteil des stöchiometrischen Verhältnisses zur Verbrennung in der Brennerflamme notwendig ist, hinausgeht, als Reaktionspartner dem Verbrennungsbett des Hochtemperaturreaktors zugeführt wird.In the "burner flame without Reactive Oxygen Delivery to the Gasification Bed " the reactants fuel and oxygen in approximate stoichiometric ratio for the Combustion fed into the burner flame. In the Operating mode "burner flame with supply of reactive oxygen into the gasification bed " the oxygen in a stoichiometric ratio fed to the fuel so that the portion that over the amount of oxygen supplied to the stoichiometric Relationship to combustion in the burner flame is necessary goes out as a reactant the combustion bed of the high temperature reactor is fed.

Brennstoff im Sinne dieser gesamten Anmeldung können etwa Methangas, prozesseigenes Synthesegas oder einzelne Bestandteile desselben sowie auch flüssige und/oder pumpfähige, schadstoffenthaltende Substanzen sein.Fuel in the sense of this entire application such as methane gas, in-process synthesis gas or individual Components of the same as well as liquid and / or pumpable, pollutant-containing substances his.

Indem dabei stets der Druck des Sauerstoffs - insbesondere bei alleinigem Betrieb der Brennerflamme - so gewählt wird, dass er stets größer ist als der Partialdruck im Hochtemperaturreaktor, wird ein Diffundieren von heißem Synthesegas in die Sauerstoffzuleitung effektiv verhindert.By always the pressure of oxygen - especially if the burner flame is operated alone - see above is chosen that it is always greater than the partial pressure in the high temperature reactor, there will be diffusion of hot synthesis gas into the oxygen supply effectively prevented.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind nach den Unteransprüchen 2 bis 6 bzw. 8 bis 10 möglich und werden nachstehend kurz erläutert:Advantageous developments of the invention are in accordance with subclaims 2 to 6 or 8 to 10 possible and are briefly explained below:

Eine vorteilhafte Ausführungsform für eine Steuervorrichtung, welche die Menge des zugeführten Sauerstoffs in mindestens zwei verschiedenen Durchlass-Zuständen steuert, ist die Realisierung als im Sauerstoffstrom parallel geschaltete Ventile. Hierdurch wird ein robuster und technisch besonders einfacher Weg zur Herstellung der benötigten Durchlasszustände mit präzise einstellbarer und konstant gehaltener Durchlassmenge erreicht.An advantageous embodiment for a control device, which is the amount of oxygen supplied in at least two different pass states controls, is the realization as in the oxygen flow valves connected in parallel. hereby becomes a robust and technically particularly simple Path to the establishment of the required forward conditions with precisely adjustable and kept constant Passage reached.

Eine andere Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht vor, das reaktorseitige Ende der Brenner/Sauerstofflanzenkombination mit einem auswechse lbaren Brennerkopf zu versehen. Dies ist einerseits vorteilhaft, da der Brennerkopf der heißen Atmosphäre des Hochtemperaturreaktors ausgesetzt ist und somit als Verschleißteil nur über eine begrenzte Standzeit verfügt, so dass eine schnelle und problemlose Austauschbarkeit die Wartung der Sauerstofflanze deutlich vereinfacht. Andererseits wird die Austauschbarkeit eines solchen Brennerkopfes besonders durch die Eigenschaft der Erfindung begünstigt, dass durch die erfindungsgemäße Einsparung von Zufuhrkanälen der konstruktive Aufbau auch des die Sauerstofflanze reaktorseitig abschließenden Brennerkopfes und der Verbindung zwischen Brennerkopf und Sauerstofflanze in ihrem Aufbau deutlich vereinfacht wird. So kann der Brennerkopf durch eine Steck- oder eine Schraubverbindung realisiert sein, welche in räumlicher Übereinstimmung mit den Kanälen der Sauerstofflanze steht.Another development of the invention provides the reactor end of the burner / oxygen lance combination with a replaceable one To provide the burner head. On the one hand, this is advantageous because the burner head of the hot atmosphere the high temperature reactor is exposed and thus as a wearing part only for a limited service life features, so that a quick and easy interchangeability the maintenance of the oxygen lance clearly simplified. On the other hand, the interchangeability of such a burner head especially through the Property of the invention favors that by the saving of supply channels of the invention constructive construction of the oxygen lance on the reactor side final burner head and the connection between burner head and oxygen lance in their structure is significantly simplified. So he can Burner head through a plug or screw connection be realized, which in spatial agreement with the channels of the oxygen lance stands.

Eine vorteilhafte Weiterbildung des Verfahrens zum Betreiben der Sauerstofflanze sieht vor, die Steuereinrichtung zwischen den beiden Betriebszuständen pulsierend umschalten zu lassen. Auf diese Weise wird der durch die Sauerstofflanze in das Vergasungsbett des Reaktors eingetragene Reaktionssauerstoff pulsierend eingetragen, so dass sich der Vorteil ergibt, dass Kanäle im Vergasungsbett, welche vom Sauerstoffstrahl der Lanze möglicherweise gebildet wurden, in den Pulspausen zusammenbrechen. Somit wird "Brückenbildung" im Vergasungsbett vermieden.An advantageous development of the method for Operating the oxygen lance provides for the control device between the two operating states to switch pulsating. That way that through the oxygen lance into the gasification bed of the reactor entered reaction oxygen pulsating entered so that there is the advantage that channels in the gasification bed which are from the oxygen jet the lance may have been formed in the pulse breaks break down. Thus "bridging" avoided in the gasification bed.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand einer schematischen Darstellung und eines Ausführungsbeispiels erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Darstellung einer Sauerstofflanze zur Hochtemperaturvergasung heterogener Abfälle nach dem Stand der Technik (A) sowie einer erfindungsgemäßen Sauerstofflanze zum selben Zweck (B);
Fig. 2
einen Längs- und einen Querschnitt durch eine detailliertere Ausführungsform einer Sauerstofflanze als Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung mit auswechselbarem Brennerkopf; sowie
Fig. 3
eine Darstellung einer durch zwei im Sauerstoffstrom parallel geschaltete Ventile implementierten Steuervorrichtung mit einem weiteren Ventil zur Zuführung von Brenngas.
The invention is explained below on the basis of a schematic illustration and an exemplary embodiment. Show it:
Fig. 1
a schematic representation of an oxygen lance for high-temperature gasification of heterogeneous waste according to the prior art (A) and an oxygen lance according to the invention for the same purpose (B);
Fig. 2
a longitudinal and a cross section through a more detailed embodiment of an oxygen lance as an embodiment of the invention with replaceable burner head; such as
Fig. 3
a representation of a control device implemented by two valves connected in parallel in the oxygen flow with a further valve for supplying fuel gas.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer Sauerstofflanze zur Hochtemperaturvergasung heterogener Abfälle nach dem Stand der Technik (A) und als Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung (B) in Gegenüberstellung.Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an oxygen lance for high temperature gasification more heterogeneous Waste according to the state of the art (A) and as an exemplary embodiment of the present invention (B) in Juxtaposition.

Bei dem Modell nach dem Stand der Technik sind drei konzentrisch ineinander verlaufende, rohrförmige Strömungskanäle realisiert, die vorliegend mit Zuführstutzen versehen sind. Bei der Sauerstofflanze nach dem Stand der Technik (A) ist der äußerste Kanal der Kanal zur Zuführung von Brenngas I. Darin befindet sich der Kanal zur Sauerstoffzuführung für den Betrieb der Pilotflamme im Brenner II und wiederum darin liegend befindet sich der Kanal III zur Zuführung von Sauerstoff als Reaktand im Verbrennungsbett des Hochtemperaturreaktors.There are three in the prior art model concentric, tubular Flow channels realized, in the present case with feed pipes are provided. With the oxygen lance according to the prior art (A) is the outermost channel the channel for supplying fuel gas I. Located therein the oxygen supply channel for the Operation of the pilot flame in burner II and again Channel III for feeding is located in it of oxygen as a reactant in the combustion bed of the high temperature reactor.

Im Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung B hingegen ist der Brennstoff-Zuführungskanal I innenliegend. Es umgibt ihn ein einziger Sauerstoffkanal II, zu dem die aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten separaten Zuführungskanäle für Brennsauerstoff und Reaktionssauerstoff zusammengefasst sind.In contrast, in the exemplary embodiment of the invention B is the fuel supply channel I inside. It surrounds him a single oxygen channel II, to which the separate feed channels known from the prior art for fuel oxygen and reaction oxygen are summarized.

Wird die Brenner-/Sauerstofflanzenkombination B lediglich im Brennerbetrieb benutzt, ohne dass Sauerstoff als Reaktand in das Verbrennungsbett des Reaktors eingebracht werden soll, so führen der Brennstoffkanal I und der Sauerstoffkanal II jeweils soviel Brennstoff bzw. Sauerstoff, wie zur stöchiometrischen Verbrennung in der Pilotflamme des Brenners benötigt wird, wobei der Druck des Sauerstoffs für den Brenner so gewählt wird, dass er immer über dem Partialdruck im Hochtemperaturreaktor liegt, so dass ein Eindringen von heißem Synthesegas in die Sauerstoffzuführung ausgeschlossen ist. Soll zusätzlich Sauerstoff als Reaktionssauerstoff in das Verbrennungsbett des Reaktors gelangen, so wird entsprechend mehr Sauerstoff im Sauerstoffkanal II zugeführt.Will the burner / oxygen lance combination B only used in burner operation without oxygen as a reactant in the combustion bed of the reactor should be introduced, so the fuel channel I and the oxygen channel II each so much Fuel or oxygen, as for stoichiometric Burning in the pilot flame of the burner is needed, the pressure of oxygen for the burner is selected so that it is always above the partial pressure in the high temperature reactor, so that hot syngas enters the Oxygenation is excluded. Should be additional Oxygen as reactive oxygen in the Combustion bed of the reactor get, so will more oxygen is supplied in oxygen channel II.

Die Zuführung wird dabei von der in dieser Figur nicht näher dargestellten Steuervorrichtung bereitgestellt.The feed is from that in this figure Control device not shown provided.

Fig. 2 zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch eine detailliertere Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Brenner-/Sauerstofflanzenkombination. Auch hier ist der Kanal zur Zuführung von Brenngas I und der Kanal zur Zuführung von Sauerstoff II, der den Kanal für Brennstoff umgibt, so dass ineinanderliegende Rohre entstehen, dargestellt. Besonders deutlich wird dies im unten rechts dargestellten Querschnitt entlang der Achse A-A.Fig. 2 shows a longitudinal section through a more detailed Embodiment of an inventive Burner / oxygen lance combination. Here too the channel for supplying fuel gas I and the channel to supply oxygen II, which is the channel for Fuel surrounds, so that pipes inside each other arise. This becomes particularly clear in the cross section shown along the right Axis A-A.

Ferner sind die Anschlussventile, die vorliegend separat zu den Steuerventilen ausgeführt sind und die strömungsmäßige Verbindung zwischen den Ventilen und den Zuführungskanälen dargestellt. Auch dargestellt ist die Wasserkühlung, bestehend aus Zuführungsstutzen 11 und Durchleitungskanälen 4 und 5 derart, dass entlang der Hauptachse der Sauerstofflanze das Wasser zunächst das ganze Lanzenrohr entlang bis zur Brennerspitze 1 hineingeführt und dann von der Brennerspitze 1 entgegengesetzt wieder hinausgeführt wird.Furthermore, the connection valves, which are separate here to the control valves and the flow connection between the valves and the feed channels shown. Also shown is the water cooling system, consisting of a supply nozzle 11 and feed-through channels 4 and 5 such that the water along the main axis of the oxygen lance first of all along the lance tube to the tip of the burner 1 inserted and then from the burner tip 1 in the opposite direction.

Die Brennerspitze 1 ist dabei durch eine'Steckverbindung am Lanzenrohr 2 befestigt und weist eine trichterförmige Versenkung auf, welche sich vom reaktorseitigen Ende der Brennerspitze zur tieferliegenden Mündung des Zuführungsrohrs für Brennstoff I hin verjüngt. Die Brennerspitze ist dabei so ausgestaltet, dass der Kühlwasserkanal, der das Wasser von der dem Reaktor abgewandten Seite zur Brennerspitze verbringt strömungsmäßig verbunden wird mit dem Kühlwasserkanal, der das Wasser in entgegengesetzter Richtung führt. Dies wird durch eine entsprechende Ausgestaltung der Brennerspitze durch kleine, mit den Kühlwasserkanälen im aufgesteckten Zustand dicht abschließende Kanäle mit Kanalwandungen 31, 32.The burner tip 1 is through a plug connection attached to the lance tube 2 and has a funnel-shaped Sinking on which is from the reactor side End of the burner tip to the lower one Mouth of the feed pipe for fuel I tapered. The burner tip is designed so that the cooling water channel that separates the water from the Spends reactor side facing the burner tip is connected in terms of flow to the cooling water channel, which the water in the opposite direction leads. This is achieved through an appropriate design the burner tip through small, with the cooling water channels tightly fitting when plugged in Channels with channel walls 31, 32.

Fig. 3 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel für eine erfindungsgemäße Steuervorrichtung, welche durch zwei im Sauerstoffstrom parallel geschaltete Ventile IV und V realisiert ist und ferner ein Ventil VI zur Steuerung der davon separaten Brennstoffzufuhr.Fig. 3 shows an embodiment for an inventive Control device, which by two in Valves IV and V connected in parallel with oxygen flow is realized and also a valve VI for control the separate fuel supply.

Vom Absperrventil 12 her strömt der Sauerstoff in den linken Verteiler und teilt sich dabei in einen ersten und einen zweiten Sauerstoffstrom. Der erste Sauerstoffstrom wird in seiner Durchströmmenge vom Ventil für den Brennsauerstoff V gesteuert, während der zweite Sauerstoffstrom in seiner Menge durch das Ventil für den Reaktionssauerstoff IV bestimmt wird. Nach dem Passieren der Ventile vereinigen sich die beiden Sauerstoffströme wieder zu einem Strom, der dann die Steuervorrichtung verlässt. Es kann dabei durch das Schließen des Ventils IV und das entsprechend weite Öffnungen des Ventils V der Sauerstoff in der Menge dosiert werden, wie er zur stöchiometrischen Verbrennung in der Pilotflamme des Brenners benötigt wird, wobei dieser Druck immer über dem Partialdruck im Hochtemperaturreaktor liegen muss. Zur Wahrung des stöchiometrischen Verbrennungsverhältnisses muss demnach die Öffnung des Ventils VI, welches Zufuhr von Brenngas steuert, entsprechend eingestellt werden. Weiterer Sauerstoff, welcher bezüglich der Verbrennung in der Pilotflamme in überstöchiometrischer Menge zugeführt und damit als Reaktand in das Vergasungsbett des Reaktors gelangen soll, kann durch Öffnen des Ventils IV hinzugefügt werden. Das pulsierende Umschalten zwischen der vorgenannten ersten Betriebsart ("nur Brenner") und der zweiten Betriebsart ("Brenner und Reaktionssauerstoff-Zuführung") kann durch pulsierendes Öffnen und Schließen des Ventils IV in einfachster Weise realisiert werden.From the shut-off valve 12, the oxygen flows into the left distributor and divides into a first and a second stream of oxygen. The first flow of oxygen is in its flow rate from the valve controlled for the fuel oxygen V during the second flow of oxygen in its quantity through the valve is determined for the reaction oxygen IV. After passing the valves, they unite two oxygen flows back to a current that then exits the control device. It can by closing valve IV and that accordingly wide openings of the valve V the oxygen in of the amount to be dosed as for stoichiometric Burning in the pilot flame of the burner is required is, this pressure always above the partial pressure must be in the high temperature reactor. to Preservation of the stoichiometric combustion ratio must therefore open the valve VI, which Supply of fuel gas controls, set accordingly become. Additional oxygen, which is related to the Combustion in the pilot flame in superstoichiometric Amount supplied and thus as a reactant in the Gasification bed of the reactor should get through Opening valve IV can be added. The pulsating Switch between the aforementioned first operating mode ("burner only") and the second operating mode ("Burner and reaction oxygen supply") can by pulsating opening and closing of the valve IV can be realized in the simplest way.

Claims (11)

Sauerstofflanze zur Hochtemperaturvergasung ggf. thermisch vorbehandelter heterogener Abfälle, mit Kanälen (I, II, III) zum Transport von Reaktionssauerstoff, zur Zuführung von Brennstoff und zur Zuführung von Brennsauerstoff,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der Kanal zum Transport von Reaktionssauerstoff (III) identisch ist mit dem Kanal zur Zuführung von Brennsauerstoff (II) und eine Steuervorrichtung enthalten ist, welche die Menge des zugeführten Sauerstoffes in mindestens zwei verschiedenen Durchlass-Zuständen steuert.Oxygen lance for high-temperature gasification of possibly thermally pretreated heterogeneous waste, with channels (I, II, III) for the transport of reaction oxygen, for the supply of fuel and for the supply of fuel oxygen,
characterized in that
the channel for the transport of reaction oxygen (III) is identical to the channel for the supply of fuel oxygen (II) and a control device is included which controls the amount of oxygen supplied in at least two different passage states. Sauerstofflanze nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuervorrichtung im Sauerstoffstrom parallel geschaltete Ventile (IV, V) aufweist.Oxygen lance according to claim 1, characterized in that the control device has valves (IV, V) connected in parallel in the oxygen flow. Sauerstofflanze nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass reaktandenaustrittsseitig ein auswechselbarer Brennerkopf (1) vorgesehen ist.Oxygen lance according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that a replaceable burner head (1) is provided on the reactant outlet side. Sauerstofflanze nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Brennerkopf (1) durch eine Steck- oder eine Schraubverbindung (31, 32) befestigt ist.Oxygen lance according to claim 3, characterized in that the burner head (1) is fastened by a plug or screw connection (31, 32). Sauerstofflanze nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kanäle (I, II) in axialer Richtung konzentrisch ineinanderliegend verlaufen.Oxygen lance according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the channels (I, II) run concentrically one inside the other in the axial direction. Sauerstofflanze nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zusätzlich Kühlmittelkanäle (4, 5) vorgesehen sind.Oxygen lance according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that coolant channels (4, 5) are additionally provided. Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Sauerstofflanze nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 in einem Hochtemperaturreaktor,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Sauerstofflanze permanent mit mindestens einer Brennerflamme betrieben wird und in einer ersten Betriebsart die Reaktanden Brennstoff und Sauerstoff in näherungsweise stöchiometrischem Verhältnis für die Brennerflamme zugeführt werden, in einer zweiten Betriebsart der Sauerstoff in überstöchiometrischem Verhältnis zum Brennstoff zugeführt wird, sodass dieser Anteil des Sauerstoffs als Reaktionspartner in den Hochtemperaturreaktor gelangt, wobei stets der Druck des Sauerstoffs so gewählt wird, dass er größer ist als der Partialdruck im Hochtemperaturreaktor.Method for operating an oxygen lance according to one of claims 1 to 6 in a high-temperature reactor,
characterized in that
the oxygen lance is operated permanently with at least one burner flame and in a first operating mode, the reactants fuel and oxygen are supplied in an approximately stoichiometric ratio for the burner flame, in a second operating mode, the oxygen is supplied in a stoichiometric ratio to the fuel, so that this portion of the oxygen reaches the high-temperature reactor as a reactant, whereby the pressure of the oxygen is always chosen so that it is greater than the partial pressure in the high-temperature reactor. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen der ersten Betriebsart und der zweiten Betriebsart pulsierend umgeschaltet wird.A method according to claim 7, characterized in that there is a pulsing switch between the first operating mode and the second operating mode. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Brennstoff Methangas ausgewählt wird. Method according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that methane gas is selected as fuel. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Brennstoff prozesseigenes Synthesegas oder einzelne Bestandteile desselben ausgewählt wird.Method according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that process-specific synthesis gas or individual components thereof are selected as fuel. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Brennstoff auch flüssige und/oder pumpfähige, schadstoffenthaltende Substanzen ausgewählt werden.Method according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that liquid and / or pumpable, pollutant-containing substances are also selected as fuel.
EP03090302A 2002-10-14 2003-09-18 Oxygen lance for the high-temperature gasification of waste and method of operation Expired - Lifetime EP1411296B1 (en)

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DE10248530A DE10248530B4 (en) 2002-10-14 2002-10-14 Oxygen lance for high-temperature gasification of waste, and method for operating the same
DE10248530 2002-10-14

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006113229A1 (en) * 2005-04-18 2006-10-26 General Electric Company Improved feed indjector for gasification and related method

Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19512249C2 (en) 1994-06-10 1996-11-07 Thermoselect Ag Process for operating an oxygen lance in high-temperature gasification of heterogeneous waste

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DE1152783B (en) * 1961-08-28 1963-08-14 Metallgesellschaft Ag Burner for the thermal conversion of gaseous and / or vaporous or liquid hydrocarbons and / or other fuel gases with oxygen-containing gases and processes for operating the burner
DE2703921C3 (en) * 1977-01-31 1980-09-11 Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen Process for commissioning or making a reactor operational for the partial oxidation of non-volatile liquid or solid fuels
GB2151348B (en) * 1983-12-09 1986-08-06 Shell Int Research Burner and process for producing synthesis gas from hydrocarbon fuel
JPH0629659B2 (en) 1985-11-15 1994-04-20 日本酸素株式会社 High temperature oxygen lance
DE19637195C2 (en) * 1996-02-16 1998-12-17 Thermoselect Ag Process for operating a high-temperature reactor for the treatment of waste
US6005149A (en) * 1998-08-18 1999-12-21 Engineering, Separation & Recycling, Ltd. Co. Method and apparatus for processing organic materials to produce chemical gases and carbon char
JP3738141B2 (en) * 1998-11-10 2006-01-25 岩谷産業株式会社 Variable oxygen enrichment burner

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19512249C2 (en) 1994-06-10 1996-11-07 Thermoselect Ag Process for operating an oxygen lance in high-temperature gasification of heterogeneous waste

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006113229A1 (en) * 2005-04-18 2006-10-26 General Electric Company Improved feed indjector for gasification and related method

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DK1411296T3 (en) 2011-08-29
EP1411296B1 (en) 2011-05-25
KR101096316B1 (en) 2011-12-20
SI1411296T1 (en) 2011-09-30
ATE511063T1 (en) 2011-06-15
DE10248530B4 (en) 2004-08-12
DE10248530A1 (en) 2004-04-22
PT1411296E (en) 2011-08-11
JP2004132693A (en) 2004-04-30
KR20040034444A (en) 2004-04-28
EP1411296A3 (en) 2006-08-02
JP4276041B2 (en) 2009-06-10

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