EP1407065B1 - Method and device for producing a textile web by spreading tows - Google Patents

Method and device for producing a textile web by spreading tows Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1407065B1
EP1407065B1 EP02762504A EP02762504A EP1407065B1 EP 1407065 B1 EP1407065 B1 EP 1407065B1 EP 02762504 A EP02762504 A EP 02762504A EP 02762504 A EP02762504 A EP 02762504A EP 1407065 B1 EP1407065 B1 EP 1407065B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tows
yarns
air
sheet
spreading
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02762504A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1407065A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Michel Guirman
Bernard Lecerf
Alain Memphis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Ceramics SA
Original Assignee
SNECMA Propulsion Solide SA
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Publication of EP1407065A1 publication Critical patent/EP1407065A1/en
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/10—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
    • D04H3/105—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically by needling
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/18—Separating or spreading
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/002—Inorganic yarns or filaments
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments in rectilinear paths, e.g. crossing at right angles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the production of homogeneous fibrous sheets by spreading cables, such plies being used in particular for the manufacture of reinforcements of composite material parts.
  • Unidirectional sheets thus produced can be superimposed with different directions and bonded together, for example by needling, to form multidirectional sheets. They may also be linked, for example also by needling with other types of fibrous textures, especially fabrics, to form complex fibrous textures substantially bidirectional.
  • the object of the invention is to remedy this drawback and proposes for this purpose a method of producing a homogeneous fibrous sheet by spreading and juxtaposing wires or cables, a process according to which, after at least one pre-spreading of the wires or cables and the bringing of these side by side substantially in the same plane, their surface is scanned by at least one jet of air displaced transversely to the longitudinal direction of the son or cable, so as to obtain a substantially unidirectional sheet homogeneous.
  • the air jet is moved alternately from one edge to the other of all the son or cables arranged side by side, while they are moved in the longitudinal direction.
  • the air jet is directed substantially perpendicular to the plane of the son or cables.
  • the method according to the invention gives homogeneity to the unidirectional sheet by causing a vibration of constituent filaments son or cables by air jet scanning. Additional spreading of the wires or cables can be achieved during this scanning.
  • At least a temporary maintenance of the sheet in the state where it is after air jet scanning is performed.
  • This maintenance is advantageously obtained by passing over a roller which, at least in its part in contact with the sheet, is made of a material having a coefficient of friction such that it prevents filaments from sliding, which may result in a tightening of the tablecloth or discontinuities.
  • a material is for example a rubber or a foam.
  • the invention also relates to an installation for carrying out the method, an installation of the type comprising at least one device for pre-spreading the wires or cables, and means for driving side-by-side the wires or cables downstream of the pre-sprawl.
  • the installation further comprises at least one air jet device disposed on one side of the path of the wires or cables downstream of the pre-spreading device, a supply line for the device for pressurized air sweep, and a sweeper drive member in a direction transverse to said path.
  • the pre-spread cables are brought side by side on a roll 16 from which they follow a substantially vertical downward path.
  • the assembly 18 of the cables 10 arranged side by side is exposed to an air jet scan in a direction transverse to the direction of travel D of the cables.
  • the scanning direction is advantageously perpendicular to the direction D, that is to say, here, substantially horizontal.
  • the scanning direction is substantially parallel to the plane P formed by all the cables 10.
  • the sweeping is produced by means of an air ejection nozzle 22 carried by a support 24.
  • This is attached to the end of the rod 25 of a jack 26 and is guided in its horizontal displacement by means of fixed horizontal rods 28 (shown only on the Figures 2 and 3 parallel to the plane 8 and on which the support 24 is engaged.
  • a flexible duct 30 brings pressurized air to the nozzle 22.
  • the jack 26 is for example a pneumatic jack. It is controlled so as to give the nozzle 22 a reciprocating linear translation movement from one edge to the other of the assembly 18 of the cables 10.
  • the support 22 may be secured to an endless belt passing on a drive roller and a return roller at the ends of the stroke of the nozzle 22, the drive roller being coupled to a motor controlled alternately in one way and the other.
  • a homogeneous sheet 20 After being swept by the air jet, a homogeneous sheet 20 is obtained. This passes over at least one roller 32 which, at least in its part in contact with the sheet, is made of a material having a characteristic of friction such that it opposes a lateral sliding of the filaments, in order to preserve to the web its width and homogeneity at least temporarily, until a subsequent fixation.
  • This material is for example a rubber or a plastic foam.
  • the adhesion between the roll 32 and the filaments of the web must, however, remain limited to prevent filaments from being dragged by the roll 32 out of the web.
  • the web 20 On its path between the roller 16 and the roller 32, the web 20 is free.
  • the tension of the web can be defined simply by the call thereof, downstream of the roll 32, against the weight of the individual rolls 12.
  • the jet of air produced by the nozzle 22 slightly deforms the sheet 20 out of the plane P. This deformation is accompanied by a vibration of the constituent filaments of the cables on the free path of the sheet between the rollers 16 and 32, this which promotes a substantially homogeneous distribution of these filaments over the width of the sheet in combination with the lateral displacement of the nozzle 22.
  • a substantially unidirectional homogeneous web 20 is obtained even when the pre-spread cables are not initially arranged exactly adjacent to the assembly 18.
  • figure 1 shows pre-spread cables with intervals 11 between cables on the roll 16. The air jet scan completes the spreading of the cables. he can also achieve a widening of the web 20 with respect to the total width of the assembly 18.
  • the passage on the roller 32 contributes to maintaining the filaments of the web in their relative positions, thus to maintain the web in its homogeneous distribution.
  • the web 20 After passing on the roller 32, the web 20 can be fed to a lapping station 36 fed by a unidirectional web 40 which is regularly coated on the continuous web 20 so that a tridirectional web 42 is obtained.
  • the various constituent layers of the ply 42 may be bonded together by light needling in a needling station 44 and the resulting ply can be stored on a receiving roll 46.
  • Such a multidirectional ply embodiment by layering and needling superposed unidirectional plies in different directions is well known.
  • Pre-spreading or pre-opening of the cables 10, before homogenization and spreading by air jet scanning, may not be necessary, but is most often preferable for separating the filaments of the cables from one another, these may be more or less mutually bonded by the presence of a size.
  • the figure 4 illustrates an alternative embodiment in which the pre-spreading of the cables 10 is made by passing over a split tube.
  • the cables 10 are initially separated into two groups. One cable out of two passes over a first tube 50, upstream of the roll 16, while the other cables pass over a second tube 52 also upstream of the roll 16.
  • Each tube 50, 52 is provided with slots 50 a, 52 a formed through the wall thereof and extending over a limited length in parallel with the tube axis.
  • the slots can be made by laser cutting.
  • the tubes 50, 52 are closed at one end and fed at their other end with pressurized air by means of lines 54, 56.
  • Each cable 10 passes under a slot 50 a, 52 a, the tubes 50, 52 being oriented perpendicularly to the paths of the cables 10.
  • the jet of air emitted through each slot causes a widening of the cable located opposite.
  • the figure 5 illustrates another embodiment in which the web 20, after passages between the rollers 32, 34, is superimposed on a fibrous texture 60 fed separately, for example a strip of fabric.
  • the complex 62 formed by the web 20 and the fabric 60 is wound on a mandrel 64 to form an annular cylindrical fiber preform.
  • the fibrous layers superimposed on the mandrel 64 may be bonded together by needling by means of a needle board 66 which extends along a generatrix of the mandrel and which is driven in reciprocating movement in the radial direction.
  • the invention is remarkable in that it allows, by simple and inexpensive means, to obtain a homogeneous sheet from several spread cables.
  • the method is preferably implemented with high title cables.
  • homogeneous unidirectional sheets of carbon fiber with a width varying from 30 to 50 cm have been successfully produced from 48 K (48,000 filament) carbon cables sold under the reference "Panex 35-48K” by the company of the United States of America "ZOLTEK”.

Abstract

After yarns or tows (10) have been pre-spread and placed side by side substantially in a common plane, their surface is swept by at least one jet of air (22) displaced transversely relative to the longitudinal direction of the yarns or tows so as to obtain a substantially unidirectional sheet (20) that is uniform.

Description

Arrière-plan de l'inventionBackground of the invention

L'invention concerne la réalisation de nappes fibreuses homogènes par étalement de câbles, de telles nappes étant notamment utilisées pour la fabrication de renforts de pièces en matériau composite.The invention relates to the production of homogeneous fibrous sheets by spreading cables, such plies being used in particular for the manufacture of reinforcements of composite material parts.

Pour réaliser des nappes fibreuses unidirectionnelles de relativement grande largeur, il est bien connu d'étaler plusieurs fils ou câbles et de juxtaposer les fils ou câbles étalés. L'étalement peut être réalisé par passage sur des barreaux courbes (ou barreaux "bananes") ou par passage devant élargisseur à air.To produce unidirectional fibrous webs of relatively large width, it is well known to spread several son or cables and juxtapose the son or cables spread. Spreading can be achieved by passing on curved bars (or bars "bananas") or by passage in front of air expander.

Des nappes unidirectionnelles ainsi réalisées peuvent être superposées avec des directions différentes et liées entre elles, par exemple par aiguilletage, pour former des nappes multidirectionnelles. Elles peuvent aussi être liées, par exemple également par aiguilletage avec d'autres types de textures fibreuses, notamment des tissus, pour constituer des textures fibreuses complexes essentiellement bidirectionnelles.Unidirectional sheets thus produced can be superimposed with different directions and bonded together, for example by needling, to form multidirectional sheets. They may also be linked, for example also by needling with other types of fibrous textures, especially fabrics, to form complex fibrous textures substantially bidirectional.

Afin de réduire les coûts de réalisation de nappes fibreuses, il est souhaitable, en particulier lorsqu'elles sont en fibres de carbone, d'utiliser comme produits de départ des gros fils ou câbles disponibles dans le commerce dont le prix par unité de masse est sensiblement inférieur à celui de fils plus petits.In order to reduce the costs of producing fibrous webs, it is desirable, especially when they are made of carbon fibers, to use commercially available coarse yarns or cables whose starting materials are per unit mass. significantly lower than that of smaller wires.

Toutefois, la demanderesse a observé que la réalisation de nappes homogènes par étalement de gros fils ou câbles et juxtaposition des fils ou câbles étalés est plus délicate qu'avec des fils plus petits. En effet, des discontinuités (recouvrements ou espaces) sont difficiles à éviter aux jonctions entre fils ou câbles étalés.However, the Applicant has observed that the realization of homogeneous layers by spreading large son or cables and juxtaposition of son or cables spread is more delicate than with smaller son. Indeed, discontinuities (overlaps or spaces) are difficult to avoid at the junctions between wires or cables spread.

Objets et résumé de l'inventionObjects and summary of the invention

L'invention a pour but de remédier à cet inconvénient et propose à cet effet un procédé de réalisation d'une nappe fibreuse homogène par étalement et juxtaposition de fils ou câbles, procédé selon lequel, après au moins un pré-étalement des fils ou câbles et l'amenée de ceux-ci côte à côte sensiblement dans un même plan, on balaie leur surface par au moins un jet d'air déplacé transversalement par rapport à la direction longitudinale des fils ou câbles, de manière à obtenir une nappe sensiblement unidirectionnelle homogène.The object of the invention is to remedy this drawback and proposes for this purpose a method of producing a homogeneous fibrous sheet by spreading and juxtaposing wires or cables, a process according to which, after at least one pre-spreading of the wires or cables and the bringing of these side by side substantially in the same plane, their surface is scanned by at least one jet of air displaced transversely to the longitudinal direction of the son or cable, so as to obtain a substantially unidirectional sheet homogeneous.

Avantageusement, le jet d'air est déplacé alternativement d'un bord à l'autre de l'ensemble des fils ou câbles disposés côte à côte, tandis que ceux-ci sont déplacés en direction longitudinale.Advantageously, the air jet is moved alternately from one edge to the other of all the son or cables arranged side by side, while they are moved in the longitudinal direction.

De préférence, le jet d'air est dirigé sensiblement perpendiculairement au plan des fils ou câbles.Preferably, the air jet is directed substantially perpendicular to the plane of the son or cables.

Le procédé conforme à l'invention confère une homogénéité à la nappe unidirectionnelle en provoquant une vibration des filaments constitutifs des fils ou câbles par le balayage par jet d'air. Un étalement supplémentaire des fils ou câbles peut être réalisé lors de ce balayage.The method according to the invention gives homogeneity to the unidirectional sheet by causing a vibration of constituent filaments son or cables by air jet scanning. Additional spreading of the wires or cables can be achieved during this scanning.

De préférence, un maintien au moins temporaire de la nappe dans l'état où elle se trouve après balayage par jet d'air est réalisé. Ce maintien est avantageusement obtenu par passage sur un rouleau qui, au moins dans sa partie en contact avec la nappe, est en matériau présentant un coefficient de frottement tel qu'il s'oppose à un glissement des filaments susceptible de se traduire par un resserrement de la nappe ou par des discontinuités. Un tel matériau est par exemple un caoutchouc ou une mousse.Preferably, at least a temporary maintenance of the sheet in the state where it is after air jet scanning is performed. This maintenance is advantageously obtained by passing over a roller which, at least in its part in contact with the sheet, is made of a material having a coefficient of friction such that it prevents filaments from sliding, which may result in a tightening of the tablecloth or discontinuities. Such a material is for example a rubber or a foam.

L'invention vise aussi une installation permettant la mise en oeuvre du procédé, installation du type comportant au moins un dispositif de pré-étalement des fils ou câbles, et des moyens d'entraînement côte à côte des fils ou câbles en aval du dispositif de pré-étalement.The invention also relates to an installation for carrying out the method, an installation of the type comprising at least one device for pre-spreading the wires or cables, and means for driving side-by-side the wires or cables downstream of the pre-sprawl.

Selon l'invention, l'installation comporte en outre au moins un dispositif de balayage par jet d'air disposé d'un côté du trajet des fils ou câbles en aval du dispositif de pré-étalement, une conduite d'alimentation du dispositif de balayage en air sous pression, et un organe d'entraînement du dispositif de balayage en direction transversale par rapport audit trajet.According to the invention, the installation further comprises at least one air jet device disposed on one side of the path of the wires or cables downstream of the pre-spreading device, a supply line for the device for pressurized air sweep, and a sweeper drive member in a direction transverse to said path.

Brève description des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description faite ci-après, à titre indicatif mais non limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue très schématique d'un mode de réalisation d'une installation conforme à l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue en élévation latérale à échelle agrandie du dispositif de balayage par jet d'air de l'installation de la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue en élévation selon le plan III-III de la figure 2 ;
  • la figure 4 est une vue partielle montrant une variante de réalisation de l'installation de la figure 1 ; et
  • la figure 5 est une vue partielle montrant une autre variante de réalisation de l'installation de la figure 1.
The invention will be better understood on reading the description given below, by way of indication but without limitation, with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • the figure 1 is a very schematic view of an embodiment of an installation according to the invention;
  • the figure 2 is an enlarged side elevational view of the air jet figure 1 ;
  • the figure 3 is an elevation view according to plane III-III of the figure 2 ;
  • the figure 4 is a partial view showing an alternative embodiment of the installation of the figure 1 ; and
  • the figure 5 is a partial view showing another alternative embodiment of the installation of the figure 1 .

Description détaillé de modes de réalisationDetailed description of embodiments

Dans l'installation des figures 1 à 3, plusieurs câbles 10 tirés de bobines 12 sont ouverts et pré-étalés par passage sur des barreaux courbes 14. Dans l'exemple illustré, chaque câble 10 passe sur une succession de barreaux 14a, 14b, 14c en étant en contact avec des génératrices des barreaux, côté convexe.In the installation of Figures 1 to 3 Several cables 10 drawn from bobbins 12 are open and pre-spread by passing over curved bars 14. In the example shown, each cable 10 passes over a succession of rods 14 a, 14 b, 14 c being in contact with Generators of the bars, convex side.

Les câbles 10 pré-étalés sont ramenés côte à côte sur un rouleau 16 à partir duquel ils suivent un trajet descendant sensiblement vertical.The pre-spread cables are brought side by side on a roll 16 from which they follow a substantially vertical downward path.

Sur ce trajet, l'ensemble 18 des câbles 10 disposés côte à côte est exposé à un balayage par jet d'air en direction transversale par rapport à la direction de déplacement D des câbles. La direction de balayage est avantageusement perpendiculaire à la direction D, c'est-à-dire, ici, sensiblement horizontale. En outre, la direction de balayage est sensiblement parallèle au plan P formé par l'ensemble des câbles 10.On this path, the assembly 18 of the cables 10 arranged side by side is exposed to an air jet scan in a direction transverse to the direction of travel D of the cables. The scanning direction is advantageously perpendicular to the direction D, that is to say, here, substantially horizontal. In addition, the scanning direction is substantially parallel to the plane P formed by all the cables 10.

Le balayage est produit au moyen d'une buse d'éjection d'air 22 portée par un support 24. Celui-ci est fixé à l'extrémité de la tige 25 d'un vérin 26 et est guidée dans son déplacement horizontal au moyen de tiges horizontales fixes 28 (montrées uniquement sur les figures 2 et 3) parallèles au plan 8 et sur lesquelles le support 24 est engagé. Un conduit souple 30 amène de l'air sous pression à la buse 22.The sweeping is produced by means of an air ejection nozzle 22 carried by a support 24. This is attached to the end of the rod 25 of a jack 26 and is guided in its horizontal displacement by means of fixed horizontal rods 28 (shown only on the Figures 2 and 3 parallel to the plane 8 and on which the support 24 is engaged. A flexible duct 30 brings pressurized air to the nozzle 22.

Le vérin 26 est par exemple un vérin pneumatique. Il est commandé de manière à conférer à la buse 22 un mouvement de translation linéaire alternatif, d'un bord à l'autre de l'ensemble 18 des câbles 10.The jack 26 is for example a pneumatic jack. It is controlled so as to give the nozzle 22 a reciprocating linear translation movement from one edge to the other of the assembly 18 of the cables 10.

D'autres modes de réalisation de l'entraînement de la buse dans son mouvement horizontal alternatif pourront être utilisés. Par exemple, le support 22 pourra être solidaire d'une courroie sans fin passant sur un rouleau d'entraînement et un rouleau de renvoi aux extrémités de la course de la buse 22, le rouleau d'entraînement étant couplé à un moteur commandé alternativement dans un sens et dans l'autre.Other embodiments of the drive of the nozzle in its horizontal reciprocating movement can be used. For example, the support 22 may be secured to an endless belt passing on a drive roller and a return roller at the ends of the stroke of the nozzle 22, the drive roller being coupled to a motor controlled alternately in one way and the other.

Après balayage par le jet d'air, une nappe homogène 20 est obtenue. Celle-ci passe sur au moins un rouleau 32 qui, au moins dans sa partie en contact avec la nappe, est réalisé en un matériau présentant une caractéristique de frottement telle qu'il s'oppose à un glissement latéral des filaments, afin de conserver à la nappe sa largeur et son homogénéité au moins de façon temporaire, jusqu'à une fixation ultérieure. Ce matériau est par exemple un caoutchouc ou une mousse de matière plastique. L'adhérence entre le rouleau 32 et les filaments de la nappe doit toutefois rester limitée pour éviter un entraînement de filaments par le rouleau 32 hors de la nappe.After being swept by the air jet, a homogeneous sheet 20 is obtained. This passes over at least one roller 32 which, at least in its part in contact with the sheet, is made of a material having a characteristic of friction such that it opposes a lateral sliding of the filaments, in order to preserve to the web its width and homogeneity at least temporarily, until a subsequent fixation. This material is for example a rubber or a plastic foam. The adhesion between the roll 32 and the filaments of the web must, however, remain limited to prevent filaments from being dragged by the roll 32 out of the web.

Sur son trajet entre le rouleau 16 et le rouleau 32, la nappe 20 est libre. La tension de la nappe peut être définie simplement par l'appel de celle-ci, en aval du rouleau 32, à l'encontre du poids des bobines individuelles 12.On its path between the roller 16 and the roller 32, the web 20 is free. The tension of the web can be defined simply by the call thereof, downstream of the roll 32, against the weight of the individual rolls 12.

Comme le montre schématiquement la figure 2, le jet d'air produit par la buse 22 déforme légèrement la nappe 20 hors du plan P. Cette déformation s'accompagne d'une vibration des filaments constitutifs des câbles sur le trajet libre de la nappe entre les rouleaux 16 et 32, ce qui favorise une répartition sensiblement homogène de ces filaments sur la largeur de la nappe en combinaison avec le déplacement latéral de la buse 22.As schematically shows figure 2 , the jet of air produced by the nozzle 22 slightly deforms the sheet 20 out of the plane P. This deformation is accompanied by a vibration of the constituent filaments of the cables on the free path of the sheet between the rollers 16 and 32, this which promotes a substantially homogeneous distribution of these filaments over the width of the sheet in combination with the lateral displacement of the nozzle 22.

Une nappe homogène 20 sensiblement unidirectionnelle est obtenue même lorsque les câbles 10 pré-étalés ne sont pas initialement disposés exactement adjacents dans l'ensemble 18. La figure 1 montre des câbles 10 pré-étalés avec des intervalles 11 entre câbles sur le rouleau 16. Le balayage par le jet d'air complète l'étalement des câbles. Il peut également réaliser un élargissement de la nappe 20 par rapport à la largeur totale de l'ensemble 18.A substantially unidirectional homogeneous web 20 is obtained even when the pre-spread cables are not initially arranged exactly adjacent to the assembly 18. figure 1 shows pre-spread cables with intervals 11 between cables on the roll 16. The air jet scan completes the spreading of the cables. he can also achieve a widening of the web 20 with respect to the total width of the assembly 18.

Bien entendu, l'homogénéisation de la nappe 20 par balayage par jet d'air conserve son efficacité même lorsque l'on s'efforce de disposer les câbles 10 sans intervalles entre eux sur le rouleau 16.Of course, the homogenization of the web 20 by air jet scanning retains its effectiveness even when efforts are made to arrange the cables 10 without gaps between them on the roll 16.

Le passage sur le rouleau 32 contribue au maintien des filaments de la nappe dans leurs positions relatives, donc au maintien de la nappe dans sa distribution homogène.The passage on the roller 32 contributes to maintaining the filaments of the web in their relative positions, thus to maintain the web in its homogeneous distribution.

Après passage sur le rouleau 32, la nappe 20 peut être amenée à un poste de nappage 36 alimenté par une nappe unidirectionnelle 40 qui est nappée régulièrement sur la nappe 20 en défilement continu de sorte qu'une nappe tridirectionnelle 42 est obtenue. Les différentes couches constitutives de la nappe 42 peuvent être liées entre elles par aiguilletage léger dans un poste d'aiguilletage 44 et la nappe obtenue peut être stockée sur un rouleau récepteur 46. Une telle réalisation de nappe multidirectionnelle par nappage et aiguilletage de nappes unidirectionnelles superposées dans des directions différentes est bien connue.After passing on the roller 32, the web 20 can be fed to a lapping station 36 fed by a unidirectional web 40 which is regularly coated on the continuous web 20 so that a tridirectional web 42 is obtained. The various constituent layers of the ply 42 may be bonded together by light needling in a needling station 44 and the resulting ply can be stored on a receiving roll 46. Such a multidirectional ply embodiment by layering and needling superposed unidirectional plies in different directions is well known.

Un pré-étalement ou pré-ouverture des câbles 10, avant homogénéisation et étalement par balayage par jet d'air, peut ne pas être nécessaire, mais est le plus souvent préférable pour séparer les filaments des câbles les uns des autres, ceux-ci pouvant être plus ou moins mutuellement collés par la présence d'un ensimage.Pre-spreading or pre-opening of the cables 10, before homogenization and spreading by air jet scanning, may not be necessary, but is most often preferable for separating the filaments of the cables from one another, these may be more or less mutually bonded by the presence of a size.

La figure 4 illustre une variante de réalisation selon laquelle le pré-étalement des câbles 10 est réalisé par passage sur un tube fendu.The figure 4 illustrates an alternative embodiment in which the pre-spreading of the cables 10 is made by passing over a split tube.

Dans l'exemple illustré, les câbles 10 sont séparés initialement en deux groupes. Un câble sur deux passe au-dessus d'un premier tube 50, en amont du rouleau 16, tandis que les autres câbles passent au-dessus d'un deuxième tube 52 également en amont du rouleau 16.In the example illustrated, the cables 10 are initially separated into two groups. One cable out of two passes over a first tube 50, upstream of the roll 16, while the other cables pass over a second tube 52 also upstream of the roll 16.

Chaque tube 50, 52 est muni de fentes 50a, 52a formées à travers leur paroi et s'étendant sur une longueur limitée parallèlement à l'axe du tube.Each tube 50, 52 is provided with slots 50 a, 52 a formed through the wall thereof and extending over a limited length in parallel with the tube axis.

Les fentes peuvent être réalisées par découpe laser.The slots can be made by laser cutting.

Les tubes 50, 52 sont obturés à une extrémité et alimentés à leur autre extrémité en air sous pression au moyen de conduites 54, 56.The tubes 50, 52 are closed at one end and fed at their other end with pressurized air by means of lines 54, 56.

Chaque câble 10 passe au regard d'une fente 50a, 52a, les tubes 50, 52 étant orientés perpendiculairement aux trajets des câbles 10.Each cable 10 passes under a slot 50 a, 52 a, the tubes 50, 52 being oriented perpendicularly to the paths of the cables 10.

Le jet d'air émis à travers chaque fente provoque un élargissement du câble situé en regard.The jet of air emitted through each slot causes a widening of the cable located opposite.

Il est possible de faire passer les câbles sur un tube fendu commun mais les fentes, et, par conséquent, les câbles pré-étalés, doivent être suffisamment espacés pour que le jet d'air d'élargissement d'un câble ne perturbe pas l'élargissement d'un câble voisin.It is possible to run the cables through a common split tube, but the slots, and therefore the pre-spread cables, must be spaced far enough apart so that the air blast of a cable does not disturb the cable. widening of a neighboring cable.

La figure 5 illustre une autre variante de réalisation selon laquelle la nappe 20, après passages entre les rouleaux 32, 34, est superposée à une texture fibreuse 60 alimentée séparément, par exemple une bande de tissu. Le complexe 62 formé par la nappe 20 et le tissu 60 est bobine sur un mandrin 64 afin de former une préforme fibreuse cylindrique annulaire. Les couches fibreuses superposées sur le mandrin 64 peuvent être liées entre elles par aiguilletage au moyen d'une planche à aiguilles 66 qui s'étend le long d'une génératrice du mandrin et qui est animée dans mouvement alternatif en direction radiale.The figure 5 illustrates another embodiment in which the web 20, after passages between the rollers 32, 34, is superimposed on a fibrous texture 60 fed separately, for example a strip of fabric. The complex 62 formed by the web 20 and the fabric 60 is wound on a mandrel 64 to form an annular cylindrical fiber preform. The fibrous layers superimposed on the mandrel 64 may be bonded together by needling by means of a needle board 66 which extends along a generatrix of the mandrel and which is driven in reciprocating movement in the radial direction.

L'invention est remarquable en ce qu'elle permet, par des moyens simples et peu coûteux, d'obtenir une nappe homogène à partir de plusieurs câbles étalés. Le procédé est de préférence mis en oeuvre avec des câbles de titre élevé. Par exemple, des nappes homogènes unidirectionnelles en fibres de carbone de largeur variant de 30 à 50 cm ont été réalisées avec succès à partir de câbles de carbone de 48 K (48 000 filaments) commercialisés sous la référence "Panex 35-48K" par la société des Etats-Unis d'Amérique "ZOLTEK".The invention is remarkable in that it allows, by simple and inexpensive means, to obtain a homogeneous sheet from several spread cables. The method is preferably implemented with high title cables. For example, homogeneous unidirectional sheets of carbon fiber with a width varying from 30 to 50 cm have been successfully produced from 48 K (48,000 filament) carbon cables sold under the reference "Panex 35-48K" by the company of the United States of America "ZOLTEK".

Claims (8)

  1. A method of making a fiber sheet by spreading and juxtaposing yarns or tows, the method being characterized in that after the yarns or tows have been pre-spread and placed side by side substantially in a common plane, their surface is swept by at least one jet of air moved transversely relative to the longitudinal direction of the yarns or tows in such a manner as to obtain a substantially unidirectional sheet that is uniform.
  2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the jet of air is displaced back and forth from one side to the other of the set of yarns or tows placed side by side, while they are being displaced in a longitudinal direction.
  3. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the jet of air is directed substantially perpendicularly to the plane of the yarns or tows.
  4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that additional spreading of the yarns or tows is achieved by the sweeping by the jet of air.
  5. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that after being swept by the jet of air, the resulting sheet passes over a roller which, at least in its portion that comes into contact with the sheet, is made of a material presenting a coefficient of friction that opposes sliding of the filaments making up the sheet so as to maintain it in a spread-out form.
  6. An installation for making a fiber sheet, the installation comprising at least one device for pre-spreading yarns or tows, and means for driving the yarns or tows side by side downstream from the pre-spreading device, the installation being characterized in that it further comprises at least one nozzle device for sweeping by means of a jet of air, the sweeping device being placed beside a path of the yarns or tows downstream from the pre-spreading device, a duct for feeding the sweeping device with air under pressure, and a drive member for driving the sweeping device transversely relative to said path.
  7. An installation according to claim 6, characterized in that the pre-spreading device comprises at least one tube with at least one slit formed in a direction that is substantially longitudinal in the wall of the tube, and means for feeding the tube with air under pressure.
  8. An installation according to claim 6 or claim 7, characterized in that it further comprises, downstream from the sweeping device, at least one roller placed on the path of the sheet and constituted, at least in its portion in contact with the sheet, by a material selected from a foam and a rubber.
EP02762504A 2001-06-29 2002-06-28 Method and device for producing a textile web by spreading tows Expired - Lifetime EP1407065B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0108646 2001-06-29
FR0108646A FR2826672B1 (en) 2001-06-29 2001-06-29 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING A FIBROUS TABLECLOTH BY LAYING CABLES
PCT/FR2002/002249 WO2003004744A1 (en) 2001-06-29 2002-06-28 Method and device for producing a textile web by spreading tows

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EP1407065A1 EP1407065A1 (en) 2004-04-14
EP1407065B1 true EP1407065B1 (en) 2010-06-02

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EP (1) EP1407065B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4128140B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE469998T1 (en)
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DE (1) DE60236593D1 (en)
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FR (1) FR2826672B1 (en)
HU (1) HU227969B1 (en)
MX (1) MXPA03001842A (en)
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WO (1) WO2003004744A1 (en)

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US20030172506A1 (en) 2003-09-18
HU227969B1 (en) 2012-07-30
CA2420966C (en) 2009-01-06
EP1407065A1 (en) 2004-04-14
ATE469998T1 (en) 2010-06-15
US6836939B2 (en) 2005-01-04
HUP0400786A2 (en) 2008-02-28
CA2420966A1 (en) 2003-01-16
NO322259B1 (en) 2006-09-04
FR2826672B1 (en) 2003-09-26
NO20030874L (en) 2003-02-25
JP2004521197A (en) 2004-07-15
MXPA03001842A (en) 2003-10-15
JP4128140B2 (en) 2008-07-30
WO2003004744A1 (en) 2003-01-16
ES2345246T3 (en) 2010-09-20
FR2826672A1 (en) 2003-01-03
NO20030874D0 (en) 2003-02-25
DE60236593D1 (en) 2010-07-15

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