Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03D—WIND MOTORS
  • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
  • F03D1/06—Rotors
  • F03D1/0608—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03D—WIND MOTORS
  • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
  • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03D—WIND MOTORS
  • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
  • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
  • F03D13/25—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
  • F05B2240/00—Components
  • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
  • F05B2240/91—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
  • F05B2240/912—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure on a tower
  • F05B2240/9121—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure on a tower on a lattice tower
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
  • F05B2240/00—Components
  • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
  • F05B2240/91—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
  • F05B2240/915—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure which is vertically adjustable
  • F05B2240/9152—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure which is vertically adjustable by being hinged
  • F05B2240/91521—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure which is vertically adjustable by being hinged at ground level
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
  • F05B2240/00—Components
  • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
  • F05B2240/91—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
  • F05B2240/916—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure with provision for hoisting onto the structure
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
  • F05B2240/00—Components
  • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
  • F05B2240/93—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a structure floating on a liquid surface
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
  • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
  • Y02E10/727—Offshore wind turbines

Definitions

• the subject of invention consists of a wind turbine, in particular serving for the generation of electric power.
• This invention provides for the tower fixed to the sleeve via bearings mounted on the pins attached to the sleeve, where the tower is rigidly connected by an auxiliary beam with the main beam at the angle of 50° to 120°, the other, free end of which is suspended at the top part ofthe tower on a rope, and has ballast fixed underneath with a coupling and to the main beam's bottom is fastened the end ofthe rope wound on a reel attached to the ballast to which the tower's rotary mechanism is attached.
• the rotary mechanism includes a propeller attached to the ballast.
• the ballast is connected via ropes with the assembly ballast placed at the bottom ofthe water area, which assembly ballast has sharp edges on its bottom side.
• the rotary mechanism includes a wheel, having a horizontal axis of rotation, attached to the ballast, which wheel rests on a rail-track laid on the ground and is connected via coupling with an electric motor.
• the rotor has a hub to which brackets, joined by strings with catches located on the rotor's blades, are attached.
• the sleeve is connected with two towers, each equipped with a rotor, which are connected with each other by a connecting beam.
• the sleeve along with the tower's part attached to it and a part ofthe main beam, is located under the water surface.
• the rotary mechanism includes a wheel, having a horizontal axis of rotation, attached to the ballast, which wheel rests on a rail-track laid on the ground, lies in the fact that it is necessary to apply the tower's rotary mechanism in order to overcome the resistance resulting from the ballast's movements.
• the tower is fixed to the sleeve along from 1/4 to 3/4 of the tower's height and has a bumper fixed on its bottom, which bumper touches the rotary sleeve fixed on the foundation. If the wind speed exceeds the rated speed, the tower, along with its rotor and the ballast, tilts around the pins fixed on that sleeve.
• the immovable rotor of the generator is fixed centrally on the tower, and to the stator of this generator is attached the rotor's hub.
• f g.l presents a diagram of a wind turbine fitted for the construction offshore, as seen from the side
• fig.2 presents a diagram of a wind turbine fitted for the construction on land, as seen from the side
• fig.3 presents an intersection ofthe turbine along line A-A as marked on fig.l
• fig.4 presents the turbine's rotor, equipped with bracing elements, as seen from the side
• fig.5 presents an intersection ofthe engine's rotor along line B-B as marked on f ⁇ g.4
• f ⁇ g.6 presents the assembly ballast, with fastening ropes, designed to position the tower and the rotor in vertical position, as seen from the side
• f ⁇ g.7 presents a wind turbine with two towers and two rotors constructed on the common foundation, as seen from the front
• fig.8 presents a wind turbine in which the sleeve is under the water, as seen from the side
• fig.9 presents a wind turbine in which the s
• the wind turbine fitted for the construction offshore has a rotor W placed on a tower H, which tower is equipped with a sleeve L
• the sleeve is mounted so that it may rotate via bearing 2 on the foundation F fixed at the bottom ofthe water area.
• the tower H is fixed to the sleeve 1 via bearings 3, which are mounted on the pins 4 attached to the sleeve 1.
• the main beam 7 is fastened to the tower H at the angle of 50° to 120°.
• the main beam 7 has a free end suspended at the top part ofthe tower H on a rope 8 and has ballast 9 fixed underneath with a coupling JjO.
• the main beam 7 is rigidly connected with the tower H via an auxiliary beam 13.
• the tower's rotary mechanism M is attached, which causes the tower H together with its rotor W to turn perpendicular to the wind direction X around a vertical axis passing through the middle ofthe foundation F.
• the rotary mechanism M includes a propeller 14 attached to the ballast 9.
• the ballast 9 is partially above the water and constitutes a counterbalance for the static load of the mass of the elements located at the other end ofthe axis ofthe foundation F.
• the wind's X pressure force exerted on the rotor W constitutes an additional load and causes the ballast to emerge from the water to the height needed in order to obtain a balance of forces on both sides of the foundation's axis, at a given wind speed.
• the ballast 9 continues to be partially immersed in the water, and the excess power of the wind motor is reduced by one ofthe known methods.
• the ballast 9 emerges from the water to the height necessary in order to obtain a balance of forces, which balance is provided due to the fact that the lift of the ballast 9 is accompanied by a tilt of the tower H and the rotor W, the blades of which 23 act on a smaller surface, perpendicular to the wind direction.
• the auxiliary beam j_3 is compressed during calm weather and light wind. During medium wind and fresh gales, the load coming from the pressure ofthe wind X on the rotor W is taken over by the rope 8.
• the electric power is transmitted from the generator 24 through a cable, which passes through the tower W, the sleeve I, and the foundation F into the ground.
• the solution according to the invention provides for the propeller 14 having the rotation axis perpendicular to the rotation axis ofthe rotor W.
• the propeller 14 is immersed in the water and starts to work after the tower H has turned in relation to the foundation F by approximately one and a half turn, turning the tower back by one turn. It is necessary in order to prevent damage ofthe electric cable, which transmits electric power from the generator
• Fig.2 and f ⁇ g.3 present a wind turbine fitted for the construction on land. It differs from the device presented by fig.l and fig.3 so that the rotation mechanism M includes a wheel 1_5 attached to the ballast 9, which wheel 15 . has a horizontal axis of rotation. It rests on a rail-track 6 laid on the ground and is connected via coupling 17 with an electric motor 18 . .
• Fig.4 and fig.5 present the solution of the rotor W where the rotor blades' construction is strengthened by fastening of brackets 20, connected via strings 21 with catches 22 located on the rotor's blades 23, to the hub 19 ofthe rotor W.
• the catches 22 must have bearings.
• Fig.6 presents the elements necessary in order to place the tower H together with the rotor W on the foundation F fixed at the bottom of the water area (for example, at the sea bottom), as well as their mutual co-operation.
• the assembly ballast 25 rests at the bottom of the water area and is attached to the ballast 9 with ropes 26. It constitutes a counterbalance for any additional load during the assembly process, which occur when the tower together with the rotor are in a horizontal position.
• the sleeve is set on the top of the foundation F. At this time, the rotor W rests on a floating platform 28.
• Fig.7 presents a wind turbine in which two towers H are attached to the sleeve .
• Each of these towers H is equipped with a rotor W.
• the rotors W are joined with a connecting beam 29.
• the towers have at the bottom bearings 3, which are mounted on the pins 4 attached to the sleeve 1, which, in turn, rest on the common foundation F.
• Fig.8 presents the solution where the sleeve 1, along with the part of the tower H which is attached to it and a part of the main beam 7, is under the water.
• This solution allows to assembly the wind turbine in a water area where the water is very deep, for example 15-30 m deep.
• bending moments acting on the foundation which are caused by the pressure of the wind X on the rotor are relatively small. For example, for a wind power plant of 20 MW output, a foundation in the form of a single steel pole having the diameter of 3.5 m is sufficient.
• Fig.9 presents the wind turbine, in particular serving for electric power generation, which has a rotor W placed on the horizontal end of a tower HI, which tower is equipped with a sleeve .
• the tower H is fixed to the sleeve via bearings 3, which are mounted on the pins 4 attached to the sleeve 1.
• the main beam 7 has a free end suspended at the top part ofthe tower H on a rope 8 and has ballast 9 fixed underneath.
• the main beam 7 is connected with the tower HI via an auxiliary beam 13.
• the auxiliary beam L3 is compressed during calm weather and light wind. During medium wind and fresh gales, the load coming from the pressure ofthe wind X on the rotor W is taken over by the rope 8.
• the electric power is transmitted from the generator 24 through a cable, which passes through the tower H , the sleeve 1, and the foundation F into the ground, whereby the generator 24 is placed under the rotor W and attached to the tower HL
• the solution according to invention is also distinguished by the fact that the tower HI is fixed to the sleeve along from one fourth to three fourths ofthe tower's HI height and has a bumper 3_1 fixed on its bottom, which bumper 3 _ touches the rotary sleeve 32 fixed on the foundation F. If the wind speed exceeds the rated speed, the tower H , along with its rotor W and the ballast 9, tilts around the pins 4 fixed on the sleeve .
• Fig.10 presents the solution where on the horizontal end of the tower HI, to which a rope 8 is attached, is placed generator 24, fixed to the tower in such a manner that the immovable rotor (34) of the generator 24 is fixed centrally on the tower HI , and to the stator 35 of this generator is attached the rotor's W hub 19.
• the rotation of the rotor W is the same as the rotation of the generator 24.
• the generator itself works in a reversed arrangement, which means that its rotor 34 is immovable and permanently fixed to the tower HI, while the generator's stator 35 is rotated by the blades 23 of the rotor W.
• a cable from the rotor 34 ofthe generator 24 transmits the electric power.
• the main elements thereof are less exposed to the loads caused by the pressure of the wind X, as compared to the loads appearing in currently applied solutions, and are compressed or stretched rather than bent. Moreover, the directions of said loads point in one direction, irrespective ofthe direction ofthe wind X.
• ballast 9 does not emerge from the water or rises, in case of a wind turbine fitted for the construction on land.
• the wind turbine is towed, as one whole, to the place of assembly, then, even if it is very large, it is easy to position on the foundation without any hoisting cranes.
• the above-mentioned easiness of the assembly of the wind turbine according to the invention allows building large wind power plants in the water areas where the water depth is up to 30 m.
• the diameter of such a plant's rotor may be 150 m, and its tower may be 100 m high.
• the output of such a power plant equipped with one rotor is 10 MW, with the wind's rated speed 13.2 m/s; the output of said power plant with two rotors is 20 MW.
• the tower of such a wind turbine may be placed near the wall of the building. In this case the tower will be lighter, and cables shorter.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
• Wind Motors (AREA)

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• 2002
  • 2002-03-05 EP EP02702996A patent/EP1399675A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2002-03-05 WO PCT/PL2002/000019 patent/WO2002095223A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation

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