EP1397575B1

EP1397575B1 - A floodwater barrier

Info

Publication number: EP1397575B1
Application number: EP02726296A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Steven Abbott
Original assignee: Floodark Ltd
Current assignee: Floodark Ltd
Priority date: 2001-05-23
Filing date: 2002-05-22
Publication date: 2009-03-18
Anticipated expiration: 2022-05-22
Also published as: DE60231615D1; EP1397575A1; GB2376259B; ES2326864T3; GB0211749D0; GB2376259A; ATE426081T1; WO2002095175A1

Abstract

The flood barrier comprises a housing 83 removably fixable to the periphery of an aperture, a barrier 80, and a compression means which seals the barrier to the housing. Preferably resilient layer 130 is located in the housing, the barrier is planar and rectangular in shape, is hollow, includes one or more strengthening members, and another resilient layer is included between the housing and periphery of aperture. The resilient layers may include one or more splines, the barrier may include a flange to retain the sealing material, the compression means may include a rotatable pawl 97 or cam mechanism, and the barrier may consist of a plurality of portions allowing the size of the barrier to be varied. Also disclosed is a method of providing such a flood barrier.

Description

Field of the Invention

The present invention concerns an apparatus for use in preventing flood water reaching an entry point such as a door, window or air brick of a building. The apparatus is particularly adapted to be demountable and to be used with existing doorways and windows.

Background to the Invention

Floodwaters, particularly from swollen rivers and high tides can cause widespread and costly damage. The damage caused is not only to crops, roadways and other externally located constructions which become at least partially submerged, but also to the interiors of properties such as warehouses or domestic dwellings. The apparent increase in the frequency of floodwater causing such damage has highlighted the costs involved in reparation and that these costs are borne principally by insurance companies or property owners.
The problem of the flooding of domestic dwellings has recently increased, due to changes in government policy regarding where new housing may be located. Previously, it has been the case that due to the number of houses which needed to be built, and the amount of land available, locations for new houses could be chosen which did not lie in areas known to be prone to flooding, such as areas of a river's flood plain. However, due to the increased drive towards the construction of new homes and the lack of suitable space now available, the criteria for assessing whether land is fit for the purposes of construction have been relaxed and an increasing number of buildings are now at risk.
Furthermore, the increased coverage of formerly agricultural or open land with concrete has the result that less rainwater is absorbed by the ground. Instead, the water flows rapidly over the concrete into the sewerage system and then into already swollen streams and rivers. The streams and rivers therefore reach a higher water level, more rapidly than was previously the case, placing buildings, which were formerly safe from flooding, at risk.
A number of methods are known, which reduce or prevent from flood water from entering into a dwelling. The most common of these methods is to stack sand bags against the particular entry point which is at risk. This can however be a difficult and arduous task and is not at all suitable for those who are infirm or who have difficulty in lifting and manoeuvring the sand bags into position. Furthermore, even where a sand bag barrier has been constructed, it is normally not water-tight, but allows water to seep either through the main body of the sand bag, or between neighbouring sand bags. Moreover, once the flood water has passed, the user is then left with the problem where to store the sand bags and also with the problem of how to prevent the material from which the bag itself is formed from rotting. The latter problem is particularly acute where sacking is used to form a bag.
An alternative solution is to provide a housing around a portion of the periphery of an aperture. Housing known in the art often has a U-shaped channel into which panels are slotted, panels co-operating to form a barrier. Sealing material, often formed of strips of rubber is provided on either or both of the panel or the channel so that a water-tight seal is produced. The rubber strips need therefore to engage closely with another part of the barrier in order to produce a good seal. Due to the close engagement of the act of pushing a barrier into a U-shaped channel can be difficult and also cause damage to the sealing material due to friction.
DE 9014950 discloses a barrier comprising a panel and a housing for said panel, the barrier including an inflatable tube to retain and seal the panel against the housing.
GB 2 243 393 discloses a barrier in which screw-threaded knobs pass through a housing member to compress a panel located within a U-shaped channel in said housing against said housing.
GB 2 352 753 discloses a sealing strip sealed into a channel chased into the wall of a building. A panel is compressed by a screw or bolt fitting against said strip, with a resilient seal therebetween.
It is an object of the present invention to seek to alleviate the above disadvantage and to provide an apparatus which provides a removable barrier to prevent flood water entering a building.
It is a further object of the invention to reduce the need to employ sand bags or the number of sand bags required to prevent water from entering through an aperture of a building.

Summary of the Invention

According to the invention, there is provided an apparatus to protect the aperture of a building and/or the usual closure means associated with the aperture, for example a door or a window, the apparatus acting to prevent or substantially hinder water from penetrating said aperture, the apparatus comprising:

a barrier housing to support a barrier panel on only two sides, the barrier housing being removably fixable to at least a portion of the periphery of the aperture;
one or more barrier panels each sealingly engageable with the housing to provide a means for deflecting or deterring floodwater from entering the building through said apertures, the or each barrier panel being adaptable to sealingly engage a neighbouring barrier panel,
the apparatus including a compression latch mounted to a barrier panel and moveable between a housing engaging and a release position and adapted when in the housing engaging position to pull the barrier panel into sealing engagement with the barrier housing.

The compression latch increases the strength of a seal and can enable a barrier to be rapidly assembled. The compression means also obviates the need for the barrier housing to include a U-shaped channel as the compression means can hold the barrier panel in the correct sealing position.
A resilient layer is preferably included between the barrier housing and the barrier panel, the resilient layer improving the water sealing properties of the apparatus. Optionally, the resilient layer is permanently attached to the barrier housing.
The barrier panel is preferably planar, rectangular in shape in order to be easily stackable and storable when the apparatus is not in use. Advantageously, the barrier panel is hollow and includes one or more strengthening members to strengthen the panel. A valance between strength and weight is thereby achieved for the panel.
A sealing means is preferably included between the barrier housing and the building to prevent ingress of water between the housing and the building. The sealing means is advantageously a strip of resilient material, such as rubber or closed cell silicone material, the strip flowing under pressure to conform with the shape of the building and/or the barrier housing and thus provide a water-tight seal. Preferably the resilient layer includes one or more splines to improve the seal.
One or more strips of sealing material, can be provided along the barrier panel, again to increase the water resistant properties of the apparatus. Optionally, the barrier panel includes a flange to retain the or each strip of sealing material.
The barrier housing advantageously includes a channel into which the barrier panel can slide, the barrier panel thus being easily engageable and removable with the housing.
The compression latch optionally includes a pawl engaging a slot in the housing on movement of the latch to the housing engaging position, causing the barrier panel and the barrier housing to be urged together. Further optionally, the pawl is mounted to one end of a shaft, said shaft passing through a surface of the panel and being openable by rotation of a gripping means at the opposite end of the shaft. A cam mechanism can be included to provide the force necessary.
The or each barrier panel can include one or more barrier panel-engaging portions to enable a number of barrier panels to be fitted together to form a barrier of increased size.
The barrier can thus be increased in height sequentially, as the height of the flood water rises. The step-wise assembly of a barrier, has a number of advantages. Firstly the problems of transportation and storage of a number of smaller barrier sections is smaller than is the case when one large section is involved. Secondly, where an eventually high flood water level is expected, but the level is still at a relatively low level, the aperture may continue to be used with the minimum of difficulty .

Brief Description of the Drawings

The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show by way of example only two embodiments of a flood water prevention apparatus. In the drawings:

Figure 1a is a sectional view of the side of a first embodiment of a panel;
Figure 1b is a front view of the panel of Figure 1a;
Figure 2 is a sectional view of the side of a second embodiment of a panel;
Figure 3 illustrates the interaction of two panels according to Figure 1 to construct a barrier;
Figure 4 is a section through a first embodiment of a peripheral housing member;
Figure 5 is a section through a second embodiment of a peripheral housing member;
Figure 6 illustrates the side of a panel located within the peripheral housing as shown in Figure 4;
Figure 7 shows a top sealing member in cross-section;
Figure 8 is a partial front perspective view of panels assembled together;
Figure 9 is a further partial rear perspective view of panels assembled together;
Figure 10 is an elevational view of a third embodiment of panel;
Figure 11 is a sectional view of the panel shown in figure 10;
Figure 12 is a top view of the panel shown in Figure 10 secured within a peripheral housing member;
Figure 13 is a sectional view through a third embodiment of a peripheral housing member;
Figure 14 is a sectional view of a neoprene moulding seal;
Figure 15 illustrates a compression latch; and
Figure 16 is a further sectional view through the panel shown in Figure 10.

Detailed Description of the Invention

In Figure 1, a panel 10 comprises a surface 11, which, in use, faces and engages the flood waters and prevents their entry through an aperture of a building. The panel 10 has an upper panel-engaging portion 12 and a lower panel-engaging portion 13. The upper and the lower panel-engaging portions 12,13 run the length of the panel 10, and in use co-operatively sealingly engage with the corresponding lower and upper portions of further panels 10. The upper panel-engaging portion 12, has two flanges 14,15 extending inwardly. The panel 10 is hollow, a crosspiece 16 providing additional strengthening to the panel.
The panel 20 of Figure 2, illustrates a further configuration of a lower panel-engaging portion 21. Figure 3 illustrates two panels 10 co-operating to form a water-tight seal. Barriers to prevent flood waters from entering through an aperture can thus be built up in height, in accordance with the height of the flood water.
Figure 4 illustrates a housing 40 to retain the panels 10,20 of Figures 1 and 2. The housing 40 is elongate in form and comprises a support element 41, having a square cross-section. The housing 40 also has a panel retention element 42, also having a substantially square cross-section, partially open along one of the edges 43, forming a channel 44 to receive a panel. The housing 50 of Figure 5, also rigged to retain panels, differs from the housing 40 of Figure 4 in that the panel retention element 51 has a substantially rectangular cross-section and is moreover completely open along one edge to receive the panel.
As illustrated in Figure 6, the panel retention element 60 has inner edges lined with a lining 61. The lining 61 is formed from a resilient material such as rubber or closed cell silicone material. The lining 61 is bonded to the surface of the retention element 60 by means of a suitable adhesive. In addition, a number of splines 62 protrude from the lining 61, the splines engaging an edge of a panel 63 to form a water-tight seal.
Figure 7 illustrates a further elongate sealing member 70. The cross-section of the sealing member 70 has essentially two portions; a hemispherical portion 71 and a "T"-shaped portion 72, which in use engages a panel 10,20. The stem of "T", passes between the flanges 14,15 of the upper panel-engaging portion 12.
In use, a housing 40 is fixed to the lower and side peripheral edges of a building aperture such as a door or window. The housing 40 comprises a number of holes (not illustrated) through which screws are passed to fix the housing 40 in position. A resilient layer is positioned between the housing 40 and the surface to which the housing 40 is to be secured, prior to the housing 40 being secured in position. The resilient layer forms thereby a water-proof seal to prevent flood water penetrating between the housing 40 and the building.
A first panel 10 is slid down the side channels 44 until the panel 10 is located within the lower portion of the channel 44 which runs along the lower peripheral edge of the aperture. The seal formed between the panel 10 and the housing 40 prevents the entry of water between the panel 10 and the housing 40. As the water level rises, a second panel 10 is also slid down the side channels 44 of the housing 40. A seal is formed between the two panels 10, when the lower panel-engaging portion 13 of the second panel engages the upper panel-engaging portion 12 of the first panel. Where a sealing member 70 of the type shown in Figure 7 is present, the sealing member 70 provides an additional seal between the two panels to prevent penetration of water.
The barrier can thus be increased in height, where it is anticipated that the flood water levels will continue to rise.
When the flood waters are receding, the panels can be successively removed and eventually, the housing 40 removed from the building. The apparatus can be conveniently stored until required again.
An alternative embodiment of a barrier which also includes additional sealing means is shown in Figures 8 to 15. The panel 80 is again essentially rectangular. As the panel 80 is hollow, the sides of the panel 80 are blanked off and seam welded to prevent water ingress to the inner volume of the panel 80. A number of ribs 80A strengthen the panel 80 to enable the panel 80 to withstand the pressure of the floodwater. The panel 80 has a curved tongue 81 along the in-use top edge. The tongue 81 engages a corresponding portion 82 on the bottom of a neighbouring panel. The material from which the tongue 81 is formed, although rigid, possesses a certain amount of resilience. The shape of the tongue 81 together with its resilience enables a second panel to be fitted easily into position whilst at the same time forming a seal.
Unlike the housing in the embodiments described above, the housing 83 does not have a U-shaped channel to receive the panels 80, but provides support to the panels 80 on only two sides. It has been found that the panels can be quickly and easily inserted into position. There is also reduction on wear on sealing members, as the frictional engagement between these sealing members when a panel is slid into position, can cause damage to the sealing members.
The panels 80 are held into position by means of a series of compression latches 90. Each compression latch enables the panel to be quickly and easily pulled against a housing 83. In order to achieve this, the compression latch 90 comprises a knob 91 which is rotationally mounted to a first end of a shaft 92. A gasket 93 is located between the knob 91 and the face of the panel 80. A mounting nut 94 and washer 95, together with a latch assembly 96 are mounted in water-tight fashion about the shaft 92 between the walls of the panel 80. At the second end of the shaft 92 is an offset pawl 97. By operation of the knob 91, the pawl 97 can be moved between a housing engaging and a release position. To assist the engagement, the housing 83 includes a number of slots 98 to receive the pawl 97. To ensure a better seal, as the pawl 97 enters the slot 98, the pawl 97 causes the panel 80 to be pulled towards the housing 83. This can be achieved either by offsetting the slot 98 or the pawl 97. Alternatively, a cam system can cause the force necessary.
In order to make the seal effective, a number of sealing elements can also be provided. For example, the panel 80 of Figure 8 has neoprene blocks 99 both to provide a seal with neighbouring panels and also to prevent entry of water into the panel where the panel is hollow. Where such blocks 99 are present, the tongue 81 does not extend the whole length of the panel, but is cut away.
A moulding seal 130 runs the length of the housing 83 and provides an additional seal between the housing 83 and the panels. The moulding seal 130 includes flexible resilient projections 131 to improve the seal produced. A further closed cell, silicone strips 132 seals the gap between the housing and the structure to which it is mounted.
The panel 160 in Figure 16 includes a strengthening member 161 having a U-shaped section to increase the strength of the panel 160 and to minimise the amount by which the panel 160 bends under pressure from the water. The panel 160 also has two sealing strips 162 to further improve the seal formed with the neighbouring panel 163.
The panels can be made from a number of different materials, which are able to withstand the pressure of water without undergoing significant deformation. They can be formed, for example, from metal, wood or a suitable plastics material such as U-PVC. The panel should however be light enough to be easily lifted and positioned by the user. Aluminium has been found to be particular suitable in this respect.
The sealing material between the housing and the surface on which the housing is mounted is provided by a strip of resilient material. The material can therefore, under the pressure applied by fixing the housing in position, and also of the pressure of the flood water, flow into the shape into the shape of the surface, for example a wall or door sill, to give an improved seal. Where necessary, mastic sealant can also be applied, the mastic however being less easy to remove from the building and apparatus when the apparatus is dismantled from the building.
The dimensions of the elements of the apparatus will depend on the nature of the materials used in the construction and also on the size of the aperture to be protected. For example, where the material of construction is aluminium, then (for a panel to cover the aperture of a main doorway) a height of 160 to 190mm and a thickness of 20 to 30mm for the main panel body has been found to be suitable. The height of the panel-engaging portions 12,13 can be 10 to 40mm, but 20 to 30mm has been found to be particularly suitable. The thickness of the walls for such an aluminium panel are typically from 1.5 to 5.0mm in thickness, a thickness of from 2 to 3mm being found to be particularly suitable. The thickness of the walls of the housing 40 are also from 2.0 to 5.0mm in thickness, with 2.5 to 3.5mm being preferred.
It will of course be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific details described herein, which are given by way of example only, and that various modifications and alterations are possible within the scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.

Claims

An apparatus to protect an aperture of a building and/or a closure means associated with the aperture, the apparatus acting to prevent or substantially hinder water from penetrating said aperture, the apparatus comprising:
a barrier housing (83) to support a barrier panel (80) on only two sides, the barrier housing (83) being removably fixable to at least a portion of the periphery of the aperture;

one or more barrier panels (80) each sealingly engageable with the housing (83) to provide a means for deflecting or deterring floodwater from entering the building through said apertures, the or each barrier panel (80) being adaptable to sealingly engage a neighbouring barrier panel (80),
characterised in that, the apparatus including a compression latch (90) mounted to a barrier panel (80) and moveable between a housing engaging and a release position and adapted when in the housing engaging position to pull the barrier panel (80) into sealing engagement with the barrier housing (83).
An apparatus according to Claim 1, characterised in that a resilient layer is included between the barrier housing and the or each barrier panel biasing one part towards the other so as to provide improved sealing properties.
An apparatus according to Claim 2, characterised in that the resilient layer is permanently located within the barrier housing.
An apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the or each barrier panel is planar and rectangular in shape.
An apparatus according to any preceding claim, characterised in that the or each barrier panel is hollow and includes one or more strengthening members.
An apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a sealing means (132) is included between the barrier housing and the building to prevent ingress of water between the housing and the building.
An apparatus according to Claim 6, characterised in that the sealing means is a strip of resilient material, the strip deforming under pressure to conform with the shape of the building and/or the barrier housing providing a water-tight seal.
An apparatus according to any of Claims 2 to 7, characterised in that the resilient layer includes one or more splines (62).
An apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that one or more strips of sealing material is provided along either or both of the in-use upper and lower surfaces of the barrier panel to increase the water resistant properties of the apparatus.
An apparatus according to Claim 9, characterised in that the barrier panel includes a flange (14) to retain the or each strip of sealing material.
An apparatus according to any preceding claim, characterised in that the compression latch includes a pawl (97) engaging a slot (98) in the housing (83) on movement of the latch to the housing engaging position, causing the barrier housing (83) and the barrier panel (80) to be urged together.
An apparatus according to Claim 11, characterised in that the pawl (97) is mounted to one end of a shaft (92), said shaft (92) passing through a surface of the panel (97) and being operable by rotation of a gripping means (91) at the opposite end of.the shaft (92).
An apparatus according to Claim 11, characterised in that a cam mechanism urges the barrier housing and the barrier panel together.
An apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the or each barrier panel includes one or more barrier panel-engaging portions to enable a number of barrier panels to be fitted together to form a barrier of increased size.