EP1377741B1 - Heatable tank leakage diagnosis unit, particularly for motor vehicles - Google Patents

Heatable tank leakage diagnosis unit, particularly for motor vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1377741B1
EP1377741B1 EP02735018A EP02735018A EP1377741B1 EP 1377741 B1 EP1377741 B1 EP 1377741B1 EP 02735018 A EP02735018 A EP 02735018A EP 02735018 A EP02735018 A EP 02735018A EP 1377741 B1 EP1377741 B1 EP 1377741B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure source
container
switch
over valve
characteristic variable
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EP02735018A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1377741A1 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Schulz
Martin Maier
Manfred Zimmermann
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/08Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding fuel vapours drawn from engine fuel reservoir
    • F02M25/0809Judging failure of purge control system
    • F02M25/0818Judging failure of purge control system having means for pressurising the evaporative emission space
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/08Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding fuel vapours drawn from engine fuel reservoir

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for testing the operability of a container, in particular a tank ventilation system of a motor vehicle, according to the preambles of the respective independent claims.
  • Such a method for leak testing a tank ventilation system of a motor vehicle is known for example from DE 196 36 431.0.
  • the tank ventilation system is subjected to an overpressure and possibly closed by the subsequent evaluation of the pressure curve on the presence of a leak.
  • the invention is now based on the finding that, in particular in vehicle operation, moisture or even liquid, for example condensate, can be stored in the vane pump. As a result, a significant distortion of the respectively determined pump current occurs and it comes to false detections of the degree of tightness.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object to improve a method and a device mentioned in that the aforementioned disadvantages of the prior art, ie the misdiagnosis mentioned due to a storage or accumulation of moisture in the pressure source can be avoided.
  • the peculiarity of the invention is that at least the pressure source is at least temporarily heated.
  • heating the pressure source or the entire diagnostic device is achieved in particular that any existing moisture is removed or even prevented that at a cold pressure source moisture, for example in the form of condensate, can ever precipitate.
  • said heating takes place by means of an ohmic resistance, in particular a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) resistance.
  • the resistor preferably has a heating power in the range of 4 watts. This performance results in suitable heating times, so that the heating can preferably be carried out shortly before carrying out a diagnosis and / or reference (leakage) measurement, whereby energy is saved to a considerable extent.
  • the use of an NTC resistor has the additional advantage that it can be used in an energy-saving manner due to the negative temperature coefficient at an already elevated temperature because of the thereby decreasing electrical resistance.
  • An alternative embodiment provides that the heating by suitable electrical control of the Switching valve takes place. It can either be provided that the changeover valve is controlled with a frequency or a duty cycle, wherein the control is carried out so that the changeover valve is not yet in the operating state.
  • the at least temporary heating takes place by means of electrical control of the reversing valve with an electrical voltage below the operating voltage.
  • the use of the switching valve itself for the heating has the advantages that cost-saving can be resorted to exclusively in a diagnostic unit already existing components. Because it is only an adaptation of the control of the switching valve, for example, a simple program adaptation required. Compared to the first alternative, overall additional costs for an additional component (NTC resistor), for necessary electrical connections as well as for an additional output stage in a control unit are saved.
  • the heating takes place during vehicle operation, but outside of an approximately carried out diagnosis or reference (leak) measurement.
  • the heating begins with a predefinable time difference before the start of a diagnostic or reference measurement.
  • moisture and / or liquid enters the pressure source by means of a check valve arranged at the inlet of the pressure source.
  • the check valve can be advantageously accommodate in the connection part of the pressure source.
  • the invention further relates to a in a motor vehicle or other an affected container having here plant connectable or installable diagnostic unit, which preferably has said means for heating the pressure source or the entire diagnostic unit.
  • the sole FIGURE shows a tank ventilation system in which a method making use of the invention or a device are used.
  • the tank ventilation system shown schematically in the figure comprises a tank 10, which is connected via a tank connection line 12 with an activated carbon filter 14.
  • a suction pipe 16 of an internal combustion engine (not shown) is also connected via the activated carbon filter 14, by means of a suction line 18 and a tank vent valve 20 to the tank 10.
  • volatile hydrocarbon vapors form in the tank, which pass via the line 12 into the activated carbon filter 14 and are reversibly bound therein in a known manner.
  • Fresh air 22 is now drawn in from the environment through the activated charcoal filter 14 when a tank-venting valve 20 is actuated temporarily by a control unit (not shown) and correspondingly actuated change-over valve 32, whereby stored fuel is discharged to the sucked-in air and the activated carbon filter 14 is regenerated. Furthermore, a passive filter 24 is provided, which connects the system or a line 26, 26 'connected upstream of the activated carbon filter 14 with ambient air from the environment of the vehicle.
  • a leak diagnosis unit 28 connected to the activated carbon filter 14 is provided. It should be noted that the position of the diagnostic unit 28 shown within the tank venting system shown is only an example and it may well be located elsewhere in another technical field, for example, directly on the tank.
  • the diagnostic unit 28 shown has a vane-cell pump 30 controlled by means of a control unit (not shown). It will be understood that the vane pump 30 is only one preferred type of pump and may be interchangeable with another type of pump, such as a diaphragm pump or the like.
  • the pump 30 is connected upstream of a switching valve 32, for example, a 3/2-way valve.
  • a reference leak 36 is introduced in a separate, parallel to the switching valve 32 arranged line branch 34.
  • the reference leak 36 is opened or closed in the embodiment by means of a magnetic slide valve 38.
  • the respective dimensioning of the reference leak 36 is chosen so that it corresponds to the size of the leak to be detected. In the case of the aforementioned US standard, the reference leak 36 accordingly has an opening cross section of about 0.5 mm.
  • the switching valve 32 has two switching positions. In the first position, namely with the reference leak 36 closed, the pump 30 is pressure-conductively connected to the tank 10 via the activated carbon filter 14 and thus pumps outside air 22 into the tank 10. In the tank 10, an overpressure of about 30 hPa is thus generated. During the pumping of the fresh air 22 into the tank 10, one of two diagnostic stages, the resulting electrical pump current (diagnostic current) is continuously detected and buffered for later evaluation.
  • the switching valve 32 is completely closed, so that when opening the reference leak 36 by means of the solenoid valve 38 again the resulting pumping current (reference current) is detected and also cached.
  • the diagnostic unit 28 also has a computer module (not shown) for evaluating the time profile of the respectively detected values of the pump current. Since this may be a conventional microcontroller or processor, it will not be discussed further here. Usually, in the evaluation, the value taken is the value at which the temporal gradient of the pump current exceeds a predefinable value.
  • an NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) resistor 40 with a heating power of about 4 watts is arranged in the housing of the diagnostic unit 28 shown.
  • the powered by a power supply 42 NTC is used in the form of a heating coil or the like as a heater to heat the entire diagnostic unit 28 and so remove any existing moisture or prevent the deposition of moisture in the diagnostic unit 28 and / or the pump 30 in advance.
  • the heating takes place by means of the already existing switching valve 32, by suitable An Kunststoffgangs go.
  • the above-described NTC resistor 40 can be omitted.
  • the changeover valve 32 is during normal operation of the vehicle, i. when the diagnostic unit 28 is not in operation or the diagnostic measurement is not running, it is switched to "open" without current. Thus, the valve 32 is opened at least in said Regenerier réelle and upon successful reference leakage measurement.
  • the procedure is the switching valve 32 with a frequency or a duty cycle so to control that arranged in the switching valve 32 (not shown) valve plate does not move or very little.
  • the changeover valve 32 or a coil (not shown) in the valve is driven with a voltage which is below the actual operating voltage of the valve 32, so that the valve plate just does not move.
  • the entry of moisture into the pump 30 is prevented or at least made more difficult by the fact that a check valve (RV) 44 is arranged at the inlet of the pump 30.
  • RV check valve
  • the RV 44 is designed to open during operation of the pump 30 without large pressure drops.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Supplying Secondary Fuel Or The Like To Fuel, Air Or Fuel-Air Mixtures (AREA)
  • Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Prüfung der Funktionsfähigkeit eines Behältnisses, insbesondere einer Tankentlüftungsanlage eines Kraftfahrzeuges, gemäß den Oberbegriffen der jeweiligen unabhängigen Ansprüche.The invention relates to a method and a device for testing the operability of a container, in particular a tank ventilation system of a motor vehicle, according to the preambles of the respective independent claims.

In den unterschiedlichsten Bereichen der Technik haben Behältnisse regelmäßig auf ihre Dichtheit überprüft zu werden. So werden in der chemischen Verfahrenstechnik beispielsweise Flüssigkeits- oder Gasbehälter oder in der Kraftfahrzeugtechnik Tankanlagen entsprechend geprüft.In the most diverse areas of technology containers have to be regularly checked for leaks. For example, in chemical engineering, liquid or gas containers or in the automotive technology tank systems tested accordingly.

Im Kraftfahrzeugbau werden z.B. in den USA zukünftig verschärfte gesetzliche Bestimmungen für den Betrieb von Brennkraftmaschinen gelten. Danach wird es erforderlich sein, dass Kraftfahrzeuge, bei denen flüchtige Brennstoffe wie Benzin eingesetzt werden, eine Kontrolleinrichtung aufweisen, die in der Lage ist, eine etwa bestehende Leckage der Größe von 0,5 mm im Tank bzw. in der gesamten Brennstofftankanlage mit Bordmitteln aufspüren zu können.In the automotive industry, e.g. In the future, stricter legal regulations for the operation of internal combustion engines will apply in the USA. Thereafter, it will be necessary for motor vehicles using volatile fuels, such as gasoline, to have a control device capable of detecting any leakage of the size of 0.5 mm in the tank or in the entire fuel tank system with on-board means to be able to.

Ein solches Verfahren zur Dichtheitsprüfung einer Tankentlüftungsanlage eines Kraftfahrzeuges ist beispielsweise aus der DE 196 36 431.0 bekannt. Hierbei wird die Tankentlüftungsanlage mit einem Überdruck beaufschlagt und durch anschließendes Auswerten des Druckverlaufs ggf. auf das Vorhandensein eines Lecks geschlossen.Such a method for leak testing a tank ventilation system of a motor vehicle is known for example from DE 196 36 431.0. In this case, the tank ventilation system is subjected to an overpressure and possibly closed by the subsequent evaluation of the pressure curve on the presence of a leak.

Des Weiteren ist aus der DE 196 36 431.0 A1 bekannt, im Bereich zwischen einer elektrisch betriebenen Flügelzellenpumpe und einem Referenzleck der Querschnittsgröße 0,5 mm einen Staudruck auszubilden, der die Pumpendrehzahl erniedrigt und gleichzeitig die elektrische Stromaufnahme der Flügelzellenpumpe erhöht. Der Wert des sich dabei einstellenden stationären elektrischen Stroms wird erfasst und zwischengespeichert und anschließend der geförderte Luftstrom der Pumpe über ein Umschaltventil, am Referenzleck vorbei, in den Tank gepumpt. Ist der Tank dicht, baut sich ein höherer Druck auf als beim Pumpen gegen das Referenzleck. Die elektrische Stromaufnahme der Pumpe ist somit höher als im Falle des Referenzlecks. Bei einem Leck mit einem Öffnungsquerschnitt größer als 0,5 mm dagegen wird der sich einstellende Druck unterhalb des Referenzdrucks liegen und die Stromaufnahme damit niedriger sein.Furthermore, it is known from DE 196 36 431.0 A1 to form a back pressure in the region between an electrically operated vane pump and a reference leak of the cross-sectional size 0.5 mm, which reduces the pump speed and at the same time increases the electric current consumption of the vane cell pump. The value of the thereby adjusting stationary electric current is detected and buffered and then the funded air flow of the pump via a switching valve, on Reference leak over, pumped into the tank. If the tank is tight, a higher pressure builds up than when pumping against the reference leak. The electric current consumption of the pump is thus higher than in the case of the reference leak. In the case of a leak with an opening cross-section larger than 0.5 mm, on the other hand, the pressure that is set will be below the reference pressure and the current consumption will be lower.

Ferner geht aus der deutschen unveröffentlichten Patentanmeldung mit dem amtlichen Az. 100 18 441.3 hervor, die Dichtheitsprüfung nach dem vorbeschriebenen Referenzmessprinzip, allerdings mittels eines in die Tankentlüftungsanlage eingebrachten Unterdrucks durchzuführen.Furthermore, it is apparent from the German unpublished patent application with the official Az. 100 18 441.3, to carry out the leak test according to the above-described reference measurement principle, but by means of an introduced into the tank ventilation system vacuum.

Der Erfindung liegt nun die Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass sich insbesondere im Fahrzeugbetrieb Feuchtigkeit oder sogar Flüssigkeit, beispielsweise Kondensat, in die Flügelzellenpumpe einlagern kann. Dadurch tritt eine erhebliche Verfälschung des jeweils ermittelten Pumpenstroms ein und es kommt zu Fehlerkennungen des Dichtigkeitsgrades.The invention is now based on the finding that, in particular in vehicle operation, moisture or even liquid, for example condensate, can be stored in the vane pump. As a result, a significant distortion of the respectively determined pump current occurs and it comes to false detections of the degree of tightness.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt deshalb die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein eingangs genanntes Verfahren bzw. eine Vorrichtung dahingehend zu verbessern, dass die vorgenannten Nachteile des Standes der Technik, d.h. die genannten Fehldiagnosen aufgrund einer Einlagerung bzw. Ansammlung von Feuchtigkeit in die Druckquelle, vermieden werden.The present invention is therefore based on the object to improve a method and a device mentioned in that the aforementioned disadvantages of the prior art, ie the misdiagnosis mentioned due to a storage or accumulation of moisture in the pressure source can be avoided.

Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch die Merkmale der unabhängigen Ansprüche. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angeführt.The object is solved by the features of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments are given in the dependent claims.

Die Besonderheit der Erfindung liegt darin, dass zumindest die Druckquelle wenigstens zeitweilig erwärmt wird. Durch die Erwärmung der Druckquelle oder der gesamten Diagnosevorrichtung wird insbesondere erreicht, dass eventuell vorhandene Feuchtigkeit entfernt oder sogar verhindert wird, dass sich an einer kalten Druckquelle Feuchtigkeit, beispielsweise in Form von Kondensat, überhaupt niederschlagen kann.The peculiarity of the invention is that at least the pressure source is at least temporarily heated. By heating the pressure source or the entire diagnostic device is achieved in particular that any existing moisture is removed or even prevented that at a cold pressure source moisture, for example in the form of condensate, can ever precipitate.

Gemäß einer ersten Ausgestaltung erfolgt die genannte Erwärmung mittels eines ohmschen Widerstandes, insbesondere eines Negativ-Temperatur-Koeffizient (NTC) Widerstandes. Der Widerstand weist bevorzugt eine Heizleistung im Bereich von 4 Watt auf. Bei dieser Leistung ergeben sich geeignete Aufheizzeiten, so dass die Aufheizung bevorzugt erst kurz vor Durchführung einer Diagnose- und/oder Referenz(leck)messung erfolgen kann, wodurch in erheblichem Maße Energie eingespart wird. Die Verwendung eines NTC-Widerstandes hat zusätzlich den Vorteil, dass dieser aufgrund des negativen Temperaturkoeffizienten bei bereits erhöhter Temperatur wegen des dabei sinkenden elektrischen Widerstandes zusätzlich energiesparend einsetzbar ist.According to a first embodiment, said heating takes place by means of an ohmic resistance, in particular a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) resistance. The resistor preferably has a heating power in the range of 4 watts. This performance results in suitable heating times, so that the heating can preferably be carried out shortly before carrying out a diagnosis and / or reference (leakage) measurement, whereby energy is saved to a considerable extent. The use of an NTC resistor has the additional advantage that it can be used in an energy-saving manner due to the negative temperature coefficient at an already elevated temperature because of the thereby decreasing electrical resistance.

Eine alternative Ausgestaltung sieht vor, dass die Erwärmung durch geeignete elektrische Ansteuerung des Umschaltventils erfolgt. Dabei kann entweder vorgesehen sein, dass das Umschaltventil mit einer Frequenz- oder einem Tastverhältnis angesteuert wird, wobei die Ansteuerung so erfolgt, dass das Umschaltventil noch nicht in den Betriebszustand übergeht.An alternative embodiment provides that the heating by suitable electrical control of the Switching valve takes place. It can either be provided that the changeover valve is controlled with a frequency or a duty cycle, wherein the control is carried out so that the changeover valve is not yet in the operating state.

Auch kann vorgesehen sein, dass die wenigstens zeitweilige Erwärmung mittels elektrischer Ansteuerung des Umschaltventils mit einer elektrischen Spannung unterhalb der Betriebsspannung erfolgt. Die Verwendung des Umschaltventils selbst für die Erwärmung hat die Vorteile, dass kosteneinsparend ausschließlich auf in einer Diagnoseeinheit bereits vorhandene Komponenten zurückgegriffen werden kann. Denn es ist lediglich eine Anpassung der Steuerung des Umschaltventils, beispielsweise eine einfache Programmanpassung, erforderlich. Gegenüber der ersten Alternative werden insgesamt Mehrkosten für ein zusätzliches Bauteil (NTC-Widerstand), für notwendige elektrische Anschlüsse sowie für eine zusätzliche Endstufe in einem Steuergerät eingespart.It can also be provided that the at least temporary heating takes place by means of electrical control of the reversing valve with an electrical voltage below the operating voltage. The use of the switching valve itself for the heating has the advantages that cost-saving can be resorted to exclusively in a diagnostic unit already existing components. Because it is only an adaptation of the control of the switching valve, for example, a simple program adaptation required. Compared to the first alternative, overall additional costs for an additional component (NTC resistor), for necessary electrical connections as well as for an additional output stage in a control unit are saved.

Vorteilhaft erfolgt die Erwärmung während des Fahrzeugbetriebs, jedoch zeitlich außerhalb einer etwa durchgeführten Diagnose- bzw. Referenz(leck)messung. Zudem kann dabei vorgesehen sein, dass die Erwärmung mit einer vorgebbaren Zeitdifferenz vor Beginn einer Diagnose- bzw. Referenzmessung beginnt.Advantageously, the heating takes place during vehicle operation, but outside of an approximately carried out diagnosis or reference (leak) measurement. In addition, it can be provided that the heating begins with a predefinable time difference before the start of a diagnostic or reference measurement.

Gemäß einer weiteren Variante der Erfindung bzw. einer optionalen Erweiterung zu den vorgenannten Alternativen kann vorgesehen sein, dass ein Eintreten von Feuchtigkeit und/oder Flüssigkeit in die Druckquelle mittels eines am Eingang der Druckquelle angeordneten Rückschlagventils erfolgt. Das Rückschlagventil lässt sich dabei vorteilhaft im Anschlussteil der Druckquelle unterbringen.According to a further variant of the invention or an optional extension to the aforementioned alternatives it can be provided that moisture and / or liquid enters the pressure source by means of a check valve arranged at the inlet of the pressure source. The check valve can be advantageously accommodate in the connection part of the pressure source.

Die Erfindung bezieht sich ferner auf eine in ein Kraftfahrzeug oder eine andere ein hier betroffenes Behältnis aufweisende Anlage anschließbare oder einbaubare Diagnoseeinheit, die bevorzugt genannte Mittel zur Erwärmung der Druckquelle oder der gesamten Diagnoseeinheit aufweist.The invention further relates to a in a motor vehicle or other an affected container having here plant connectable or installable diagnostic unit, which preferably has said means for heating the pressure source or the entire diagnostic unit.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend, unter Heranziehung der Zeichnung, anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert, aus dem weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung hervorgehen.The invention will be explained in more detail below, with reference to the drawing, with reference to an exemplary embodiment, from which further features and advantages of the invention will be apparent.

Die einzige Figur zeigt eine Tankentlüftungsanlage, bei welcher ein von der Erfindung Gebrauch machendes Verfahren bzw. eine Vorrichtung zur Anwendung kommen.The sole FIGURE shows a tank ventilation system in which a method making use of the invention or a device are used.

Die in der Figur schematisch dargestellte Tankentlüftungsanlage umfasst einen Tank 10, der über eine Tankanschlussleitung 12 mit einem Aktivkohlefilter 14 verbunden ist. Ein Saugrohr 16 einer (nicht gezeigten) Brennkraftmaschine ist, ebenfalls über den Aktivkohlefilter 14, mittels einer Ansaugleitung 18 und über ein Tankentlüftungsventil 20 mit dem Tank 10 verbunden.The tank ventilation system shown schematically in the figure comprises a tank 10, which is connected via a tank connection line 12 with an activated carbon filter 14. A suction pipe 16 of an internal combustion engine (not shown) is also connected via the activated carbon filter 14, by means of a suction line 18 and a tank vent valve 20 to the tank 10.

Im Betrieb der (nicht gezeigten) Brennkraftmaschine oder beim Betanken des Tanks 10 bilden sich im Tank flüchtige Kohlenwasserstoffdämpfe, die über die Leitung 12 in den Aktivkohlefilter 14 gelangen und in diesem in bekannter Weise reversibel gebunden werden.During operation of the internal combustion engine (not shown) or during refueling of the tank 10, volatile hydrocarbon vapors form in the tank, which pass via the line 12 into the activated carbon filter 14 and are reversibly bound therein in a known manner.

Bei von einer (nicht gezeigten) Steuereinheit zeitweilig öffnend angesteuertem Tankentlüftungsventil 20 und entsprechend angesteuertem Umschaltventil 32 wird nun Frischluft 22 aus der Umgebung durch den Aktivkohlefilter 14 hindurch angesaugt, wobei etwa gespeicherter Kraftstoff an die eingesaugte Luft abgegeben wird und der Aktivkohlefilter 14 sich dabei regeneriert. Ferner ist ein passiver Filter 24 vorgesehen, der die Anlage bzw. eine dem Aktivkohlefilter 14 vorgeschaltete Leitung 26, 26' mit Umgebungsluft aus der Umgebung des Fahrzeuges verbindet.Fresh air 22 is now drawn in from the environment through the activated charcoal filter 14 when a tank-venting valve 20 is actuated temporarily by a control unit (not shown) and correspondingly actuated change-over valve 32, whereby stored fuel is discharged to the sucked-in air and the activated carbon filter 14 is regenerated. Furthermore, a passive filter 24 is provided, which connects the system or a line 26, 26 'connected upstream of the activated carbon filter 14 with ambient air from the environment of the vehicle.

Um die Dichtigkeit der Tankentlüftungsanlage zu diagnostizieren, ist eine mit dem Aktivkohlefilter 14 verbundene Leckdiagnoseeinheit 28 vorgesehen. Es ist anzumerken, dass die gezeigte Position der Diagoseeinheit 28 innerhalb der gezeigten Tankentlüftungsanlage nur beispielhaft ist und diese auf einem anderen technischen Einsatzgebiet durchaus auch an anderer Stelle, beispielsweise unmittelbar am Tank, angeordnet sein kann.In order to diagnose the tightness of the tank ventilation system, a leak diagnosis unit 28 connected to the activated carbon filter 14 is provided. It should be noted that the position of the diagnostic unit 28 shown within the tank venting system shown is only an example and it may well be located elsewhere in another technical field, for example, directly on the tank.

Die gezeigte Diagnoseeinheit 28 weist eine mittels einer (nicht gezeigten) Steuereinheit angesteuerte Flügelzellenpumpe 30 auf. Es versteht sich, dass die Flügelzellenpumpe 30 nur einen bevorzugten Pumpentyp darstellt und ggf. durch einen anderen Pumpentyp, wie beispielsweise eine Membranpumpe oder dergleichen, austauschbar ist. Der Pumpe 30 vorgeschaltet ist ein Umschaltventil 32, beispielsweise ein 3/2-Wegeventil. In einen separaten, parallel zum Umschaltventil 32 angeordneten Leitungszweig 34 ist ein Referenzleck 36 eingebracht. Das Referenzleck 36 wird in dem Ausführungsbeispiel mittels eines Magnetschiebeventils 38 geöffnet bzw. geschlossen. Die jeweilige Dimensionierung des Referenzlecks 36 ist so gewählt, dass sie der Größe des zu erfassenden Lecks entspricht. Im Falle der eingangs genannten US-Norm weist das Referenzleck 36 demnach einen Öffnungsquerschnitt von etwa 0,5 mm auf.The diagnostic unit 28 shown has a vane-cell pump 30 controlled by means of a control unit (not shown). It will be understood that the vane pump 30 is only one preferred type of pump and may be interchangeable with another type of pump, such as a diaphragm pump or the like. The pump 30 is connected upstream of a switching valve 32, for example, a 3/2-way valve. In a separate, parallel to the switching valve 32 arranged line branch 34, a reference leak 36 is introduced. The reference leak 36 is opened or closed in the embodiment by means of a magnetic slide valve 38. The respective dimensioning of the reference leak 36 is chosen so that it corresponds to the size of the leak to be detected. In the case of the aforementioned US standard, the reference leak 36 accordingly has an opening cross section of about 0.5 mm.

Das Umschaltventil 32 hat zwei Schaltstellungen. In der ersten Stellung, und zwar bei geschlossenem Referenzleck 36, wird die Pumpe 30 über den Aktivkohlefilter 14 mit dem Tank 10 druckleitend verbunden und pumpt damit Außenluft 22 in den Tank 10. In dem Tank 10 wird so ein Überdruck von etwa 30 hPa erzeugt. Während des Pumpens der Frischluft 22 in den Tank 10, einer von zwei Diagnosestufen, wird kontinuierlich der sich ergebende elektrische Pumpenstrom (Diagnosestrom) erfasst und für eine spätere Auswertung zwischengespeichert.The switching valve 32 has two switching positions. In the first position, namely with the reference leak 36 closed, the pump 30 is pressure-conductively connected to the tank 10 via the activated carbon filter 14 and thus pumps outside air 22 into the tank 10. In the tank 10, an overpressure of about 30 hPa is thus generated. During the pumping of the fresh air 22 into the tank 10, one of two diagnostic stages, the resulting electrical pump current (diagnostic current) is continuously detected and buffered for later evaluation.

Es ist anzumerken, dass in der ersten Stellung des Umschaltventils 32, anstelle einer Tankdiagnose, auch die bereits beschriebene Regenerierung des Aktivkohlefilters 14 durchgeführt werden kann, und zwar bei gleichzeitig geöffnetem Tankentlüftungsventil.It should be noted that in the first position of the changeover valve 32, instead of a tank diagnosis, also the already described regeneration of the activated carbon filter 14 can be carried out, with the tank venting valve open at the same time.

Zur Durchführung einer Referenzmessung, der zweiten Diagnosestufe, wird das Umschaltventil 32 vollständig geschlossen, so dass bei Öffnung des Referenzlecks 36 mittels des Magnetschiebeventils 38 wiederum der sich dabei ergebende Pumpenstrom (Referenzstrom) erfasst und ebenfalls zwischengespeichert wird.To perform a reference measurement, the second diagnostic stage, the switching valve 32 is completely closed, so that when opening the reference leak 36 by means of the solenoid valve 38 again the resulting pumping current (reference current) is detected and also cached.

Die Diagnoseeinheit 28 weist zudem ein (nicht gezeigtes) Rechnermodul zur Auswertung des zeitlichen Verlaufs der jeweils erfassten Werte des Pumpenstroms auf. Da es sich hierbei um einen herkömmlichen Mikrocontroller oder Prozessor handeln kann, soll hier nicht weiter darauf eingegangen werden. Üblicherweise wird bei der Auswertung als Messwert der Wert genommen, bei dem der zeitliche Gradient des Pumpenstroms einen vorgebbaren Wert überschreitet.The diagnostic unit 28 also has a computer module (not shown) for evaluating the time profile of the respectively detected values of the pump current. Since this may be a conventional microcontroller or processor, it will not be discussed further here. Usually, in the evaluation, the value taken is the value at which the temporal gradient of the pump current exceeds a predefinable value.

Aus dem Verhältnis von Diagnosestrom zu Referenzstrom lässt sich weiterhin bekanntermaßen auf das Vorliegen einer Undichtigkeit im Tank 10 schließen.From the ratio of diagnostic current to reference current can be further known to close the presence of a leak in the tank 10.

In dem Gehäuse der gezeigten Diagnoseeinheit 28 ist ein NTC-(Negative Temperature Coefficient)Widerstand 40 mit einer Heizleistung von etwa 4 Watt angeordnet. Der mittels einer Spannungsversorgung 42 betriebene NTC wird in Form einer Heizwendel oder dergleichen als Heizung verwendet, um die gesamte Diagnoseeinheit 28 zu erwärmen und so eventuell vorhandene Feuchtigkeit zu entfernen bzw. das Abscheiden von Feuchtigkeit in der Diagnoseeinheit 28 und/oder der Pumpe 30 bereits im Voraus zu verhindern.In the housing of the diagnostic unit 28 shown, an NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) resistor 40 with a heating power of about 4 watts is arranged. The powered by a power supply 42 NTC is used in the form of a heating coil or the like as a heater to heat the entire diagnostic unit 28 and so remove any existing moisture or prevent the deposition of moisture in the diagnostic unit 28 and / or the pump 30 in advance.

Hervorzuheben ist, dass die Verwendung des gezeigten NTC 40 zur Erwärmung der Diagnoseeinheit 28 nur ein Ausführungsbeispiel darstellt. Zudem kann vorgesehen sein, dass energieeinsparend nur die Pumpe 30 lokal erwärmt wird.It should be emphasized that the use of the illustrated NTC 40 for heating the diagnostic unit 28 represents only one embodiment. In addition, it can be provided that energy-saving only the pump 30 is locally heated.

Gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel erfolgt die Erwärmung mittels des bereits vorhandenen Umschaltventils 32, und zwar durch geeignete Ansteuervorgehensweisen. In diesem Fall kann der vorbeschriebene NTC-Widerstand 40 entfallen.According to a second embodiment, the heating takes place by means of the already existing switching valve 32, by suitable Ansteuervorgangsweisen. In this case, the above-described NTC resistor 40 can be omitted.

In dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel ist das Umschaltventil 32 während des normalen Betriebs des Fahrzeuges, d.h. bei nicht in Betrieb befindlicher Diagnoseeinheit 28 bzw. nicht erfolgender Diagnosemessung, stromlos "offen" geschaltet. So ist das Ventil 32 zumindest im genannten Regenerierbetrieb und bei erfolgender Referenzleckmessung entsprechend geöffnet.In the embodiment shown, the changeover valve 32 is during normal operation of the vehicle, i. when the diagnostic unit 28 is not in operation or the diagnostic measurement is not running, it is switched to "open" without current. Thus, the valve 32 is opened at least in said Regenerierbetrieb and upon successful reference leakage measurement.

Gemäß einer ersten Variante dieses Ausführungsbeispiels besteht die Vorgehensweise darin, das Umschaltventil 32 mit einer Frequenz bzw. einem Tastverhältnis so anzusteuern, dass sich eine in dem Umschaltventil 32 angeordnete (nicht gezeigte) Ventilplatte nicht oder nur sehr wenig bewegt.According to a first variant of this embodiment, the procedure is the switching valve 32 with a frequency or a duty cycle so to control that arranged in the switching valve 32 (not shown) valve plate does not move or very little.

In einer zweiten Variante wird das Umschaltventil 32 bzw. eine in dem Ventil angeordnete (nicht gezeigte) Spule mit einer Spannung, die unterhalb der eigentlichen Betriebsspannung des Ventils 32 liegt, so angesteuert, dass sich die Ventilplatte gerade noch nicht bewegt.In a second variant, the changeover valve 32 or a coil (not shown) in the valve is driven with a voltage which is below the actual operating voltage of the valve 32, so that the valve plate just does not move.

In beiden Varianten ist so viel elektrische Verlustenergie wie möglich zur Heizung des Ventils 32 zu verwenden, jedoch ohne dass das Ventil wirklich betrieben, d.h. die Ventilplatte bewegt wird. Da in beiden Varianten die maximal mögliche Verlustleistung nicht erreicht wird, erfolgt eine entsprechende Kompensation über die Heizdauer, so dass die Erwärmung entsprechend frühzeitig vor der eigentlichen Inbetriebnahme der Diagnoseeinheit 28 zu erfolgen hat.In both variants, as much electrical energy loss as possible is to be used to heat the valve 32, but without the valve actually operating, i. the valve plate is moved. Since in both variants the maximum possible power loss is not achieved, there is a corresponding compensation over the heating time, so that the heating has to take place correspondingly early before the actual commissioning of the diagnostic unit 28.

Gemäß einer weiteren Variante der Erfindung, oder ergänzend zu den vorbeschriebenen Varianten bzw. Ausführungsbeispielen, wird das Eintreten von Feuchtigkeit in die Pumpe 30 dadurch verhindert bzw. zumindest erschwert, dass am Eingang der Pumpe 30 ein Rückschlagventil (RV) 44 angeordnet ist. Mittels des RV 44 wird der Pumpenteil 30 der Diagnoseeinheit 28 gegen Feuchtigkeitseintritt geschützt. Das RV 44 ist so ausgelegt, dass es beim Betrieb der Pumpe 30 ohne große Druckverluste öffnet.According to a further variant of the invention, or in addition to the above-described variants or exemplary embodiments, the entry of moisture into the pump 30 is prevented or at least made more difficult by the fact that a check valve (RV) 44 is arranged at the inlet of the pump 30. By means of the RV 44, the pump part 30 of the diagnostic unit 28 is protected against ingress of moisture. The RV 44 is designed to open during operation of the pump 30 without large pressure drops.

Es ist schließlich anzumerken, dass sich im Falle einer Diagnose des Tanks 10 bzw. der Tankentlüftungsanlage, wie eingangs erwähnt, mittels Unterdruck die Druckrichtung der Pumpe 30 lediglich entsprechend umzukehren ist, jedoch ansonsten entsprechend zu verfahren ist.It should finally be noted that in the case of a diagnosis of the tank 10 or the tank ventilation system, as mentioned above, by means of negative pressure, the pressure direction of the pump 30 is only to reverse accordingly, but otherwise to proceed accordingly.

Claims (14)

  1. Method for testing the tightness of a container (10), in particular of a tank ventilation system of a motor vehicle, the container (10) having a positive or negative pressure produced by means of an electrically operated pressure source (30) applied to it and, in the process, an electric characteristic variable of the pressure source (30) being determined (diagnostic measurement), a reference leak (36), which can optionally be operated by means of a switch-over valve (32), having a corresponding positive or negative pressure produced by means of the pressure source (30) applied to it and, in the process, an electric reference characteristic variable of the pressure source (30) being determined (reference measurement), and the determined electric characteristic variable and the determined reference characteristic variable being compared and, from the result of the comparison, a conclusion being drawn as to the presence of a leakage in the container (10), characterized in that at least the pressure source (30) is at least temporarily heated.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the at least temporary heating takes place by means of an ohmic resistor (40), in particular a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) resistor.
  3. Method according to Claim 2, characterized in that the ohmic resistor (40) has a heating capacity in the range of from 1 - 10 watts, preferably 4 watts.
  4. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the at least temporary heating is carried out by means of electric activation of the switch-over valve (32) with a frequency-response ratio or pulse-duty factor, the activation taking place in such a manner that the switch-over valve (32) does not yet pass into the operating state.
  5. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the at least temporary heating takes place by means of electric activation of the switch-over valve (32) with an electric voltage below the operating voltage thereof.
  6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least temporary heating takes place during operation of the vehicle, but, in terms of time, outside a, for example, diagnostic or reference measurement carried out.
  7. Method according to Claim 6, characterized in that the heating takes place with a specifiable time difference before the beginning of a diagnostic or reference measurement.
  8. Method for testing the tightness of a container (10), in particular of a tank ventilation system of a motor vehicle, in particular for use in a method according to one of the preceding claims, the container (10) having a positive or negative pressure produced by means of an electrically operated pressure source (30) applied to it and, in the process, an electric characteristic variable of the pressure source (30) being determined (diagnostic measurement), a reference leak (36), which can optionally be operated by means of a switch-over valve (32), having a corresponding positive or negative pressure produced by means of the pressure source (30) applied to it and, in the process, an electric reference characteristic variable of the pressure source (30) being determined (reference measurement), and the determined electric characteristic variable and the determined reference characteristic variable being compared and, from the result of the comparison, a conclusion being drawn as to the presence of a leakage in the container (10), characterized in that moisture and/or liquid is prevented from entering the pressure source (30) by means of a nonreturn valve arranged at the entry to the pressure source (30).
  9. Device for testing the tightness of a container (10), in particular of a tank ventilation system of a motor vehicle, according to the method according to one of the preceding claims, with an electrically operated pressure source (30) which can be connected to the container (10) and to a reference leak (36), and with a switch-over valve (32) for optionally connecting the pressure source (30) to the container (10) and the reference leak (36), characterized by means (40) for the at least temporary heating of the pressure source (30).
  10. Device according to Claim 9, characterized by an ohmic resistor (40), in particular a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) resistor, with a heating capacity in the range of from 1 - 10 watts, preferably 4 watts.
  11. Device according to Claim 9, characterized by means for the electrical activation of the switch-over valve (32) with a frequency-response ratio or pulse-duty factor, in which the switch-over valve (32) does not pass into the operating state.
  12. Device according to Claim 9, characterized by means for the electrical activation of the switch-over valve (32) with a voltage below the operating voltage thereof.
  13. Device for testing the tightness of a container (10), in particular of a tank ventilation system of a motor vehicle, in particular for use in a device according to one of Claims 9 to 12, with an electrically operated pressure source (30) which can be connected to the container (10) and to a reference leak (36), and with a switch-over valve (32) for optionally connecting the pressure source (30) to the container (10) and the reference leak (36), characterized by a nonreturn valve (44) arranged at the entry to the pressure source (30).
  14. Device according to one of Claims 9 to 13, characterized in that the pressure source (30) is a vane pump.
EP02735018A 2001-04-04 2002-03-27 Heatable tank leakage diagnosis unit, particularly for motor vehicles Expired - Lifetime EP1377741B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10116693 2001-04-04
DE10116693A DE10116693A1 (en) 2001-04-04 2001-04-04 Heated tank leak diagnosis unit, in particular for motor vehicles
PCT/DE2002/001108 WO2002081898A1 (en) 2001-04-04 2002-03-27 Heatable tank leakage diagnosis unit, particularly for motor vehicles

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EP1377741A1 EP1377741A1 (en) 2004-01-07
EP1377741B1 true EP1377741B1 (en) 2007-01-10

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US (1) US6959587B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1377741B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4342180B2 (en)
DE (2) DE10116693A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2002081898A1 (en)

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US20040129066A1 (en) 2004-07-08
JP4342180B2 (en) 2009-10-14
DE10116693A1 (en) 2002-10-17
JP2004523690A (en) 2004-08-05
US6959587B2 (en) 2005-11-01
DE50209230D1 (en) 2007-02-22
EP1377741A1 (en) 2004-01-07
WO2002081898A1 (en) 2002-10-17

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