EP1375679B1 - Shaft furnace for smelting of scrap - Google Patents

Shaft furnace for smelting of scrap Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1375679B1
EP1375679B1 EP03450141A EP03450141A EP1375679B1 EP 1375679 B1 EP1375679 B1 EP 1375679B1 EP 03450141 A EP03450141 A EP 03450141A EP 03450141 A EP03450141 A EP 03450141A EP 1375679 B1 EP1375679 B1 EP 1375679B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shaft
burners
scrap
respect
peripheral wall
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EP03450141A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1375679A2 (en
EP1375679A3 (en
Inventor
Manfred Winkler
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Individual
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Priority to SI200332163T priority Critical patent/SI1375679T1/en
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Publication of EP1375679A3 publication Critical patent/EP1375679A3/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21CPROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/56Manufacture of steel by other methods
    • C21C5/562Manufacture of steel by other methods starting from scrap
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27BFURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/10Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B1/16Arrangements of tuyeres
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27BFURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/10Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B1/20Arrangements of devices for charging
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27DDETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D2001/0079Means to assemble at least two parts of a furnace or of any device or accessory associated to its use
    • F27D2001/0083Means to assemble a moving part to a fixed one
    • F27D2001/0086Means to assemble a moving part to a fixed one the moving part being in rotation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27DDETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D2001/0079Means to assemble at least two parts of a furnace or of any device or accessory associated to its use
    • F27D2001/0083Means to assemble a moving part to a fixed one
    • F27D2001/0089Means to assemble a moving part to a fixed one the moving part being in translation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27DDETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D2001/0079Means to assemble at least two parts of a furnace or of any device or accessory associated to its use
    • F27D2001/0083Means to assemble a moving part to a fixed one
    • F27D2001/0096Means to assemble a moving part to a fixed one the moving part staying in the same plane
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27DDETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D25/00Devices or methods for removing incrustations, e.g. slag, metal deposits, dust; Devices or methods for preventing the adherence of slag
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27DDETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/15Tapping equipment; Equipment for removing or retaining slag
    • F27D3/1509Tapping equipment
    • F27D3/1518Tapholes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a shaft furnace for melting scrap with a feedable from the top, a scrap column receiving shaft which forms a bottom-side melting chamber with distributed over the pit circumference, the peripheral wall of the shaft passing through the burner and a tapping in the bottom area.
  • the scrap column By rising from the melting chamber flue gases, the scrap column is heated in countercurrent, being provided by supplying secondary air above the melting chamber for a corresponding afterburning.
  • This afterburning is particularly important in connection with scrap, which contains organic matter as is the case, for example, in the melting of scrap from motor vehicles.
  • an appropriate afterburning namely the organic scrap components can be advantageously used as an energy source for the scrap preheating and separated from the metallic portion.
  • the exhaust gases from the post-combustion are removed from the shaft in the upper shaft area via an induced draft fan.
  • EP0784193 defines a shaft furnace for melting scrap with a top-loading, scrap-column-receiving shaft (23) and a bottom-side melting space (22) which is widened with respect to the upwardly adjoining shaft portion (23) receiving the shot-hole column; 7) is formed between the widened melting chamber (6) and the subsequent shaft section a Einschnurrung (24-not optional p.6, 39-43) and wherein burners are arranged.
  • D1 is the closest prior art to claim 1.
  • the clear shaft cross-section extends evenly from top to bottom to allow an unobstructed drop in the scrap column, it comes in particular with the use of scrap packages, such as incurred in the scrapping of motor vehicles, to bridge formations within the scrap column with the effect that in the Burner cavities are melted out, because the scrap column does not decrease in the Abschmelzaussch due to the bridge formation.
  • the associated with the progressive melting collapse of these cavities not only brings with it the risk of mechanical damage to the burner by falling shot pieces with it, but also requires irregularities in the Abschmelzvorganges, which may for example affect the temperature profile of the melt adversely.
  • the invention is therefore the object of a shaft furnace for melting scrap of the type described in such a way that not only avoids danger to the burner, but also an advantageous melting of the column can be ensured.
  • the invention solves the problem set by the fact that the melting chamber compared to the upwardly adjoining the scrap column receiving shaft section is extended and that arranged in the region of an inclined transition portion of the peripheral wall of the shaft between the extended melting chamber and the subsequent shaft section burner relative to the shaft radially and are mounted axially adjustable.
  • This orientation of the burners must include both a radial and an axial burner adjustment with respect to the shaft axis in order to adjust the heating ranges according to the prevailing conditions. While with a burner displacement in the direction of the shaft axis, for example, can be prevented that form larger cavities in the field of burners or the temperature of the melt drops below a predetermined value, by a radial displacement of the burner, the burner mouth of adjacent shot parts are released to a to ensure proper flame training.
  • the burners can be adjustably mounted in radially aligned with the shaft sliding guides, which are held transversely to the direction of displacement and transverse to the shaft axis axes.
  • adjustment of the burners in the direction of the shaft axis results via the swivel mount of the sliding guides, the heating area of the burners being displaced upwards or downwards as required.
  • the adjustment within the sliding guide allows the relative to the shaft axis radial adjustment of the burner.
  • the swivel brackets for the sliding guides can be designed constructively in different ways.
  • auxiliary burners can be provided below the adjustable burners in the peripheral wall of the shaft, which burners are directed against the inlet region of the tapping and are ignited when the temperature of the melt drops below a predetermined limit, so that the melt does not freeze.
  • the passages for the adjustable burners in the peripheral wall of the shaft can be sealed by bellows, wherein the bellows or Passages are provided with an inert gas, in order to be able to flush the resulting dead spaces in the region of the passages with inert gas.
  • inert gas flushing and the associated cooling effect can be advantageously used for the bellows and the burner.
  • the shaft 1 of the shaft furnace shown has a bottom 2 with a tapping 3 forming tapping notch 4.
  • the shaft 1 forms an opposite of the continuing shaft section 5 extended melting chamber 6, between which and the shaft section 5, an inclined transition section 7 of the peripheral wall 8 of the shaft 1 is formed.
  • this transition section 7 of the peripheral wall 8 are distributed over the circumference of shaped blocks 9 with passages 10 used for burner 11, as in particular the Fig. 2 can be removed.
  • These burners 11 are mounted so as to be radially displaceable in a displacement guide 12 with respect to the shaft axis and can be moved back and forth with the aid of an actuating drive 13.
  • the sliding guide 12 is articulated on two adjusting cylinders 14, whose parallel pivot axes 15 extend transversely to the direction of displacement of the sliding guide 12 and transverse to the shaft axis. With the help of the actuating cylinder 14 thus the burner 11 can be displaced by the sliding guides 12 in the direction of the shaft axis by pivoting to shift the dot-dash lines indicated heating area 16 of the amount.
  • the burners 11 are each connected via a hose 17 and 18 on the one hand to a ring line 19 for fuel, such as a fuel gas, and on the other hand to a ring line 20 for air or oxygen.
  • the sealing of the burner passages 10 in the shaped bricks 9 is achieved by heat-resistant bellows 21.
  • the dead spaces in the area of the passages 10 and the bellows 21 can be purged with inert gas, for example nitrogen, in order to prevent accumulations of flammable gases in this area.
  • the sliding guide connected to the respective bellows 21 can be provided with a corresponding inert gas connection 22, which opens inside the bellows 21.
  • auxiliary burner 25 are provided in a shaft enclosing the shaft 1, which in turn via ring lines 26 and 27 are supplied with fuel gas and oxygen or air.
  • the burners 25 pass through the peripheral wall 8 of the shaft 1 without adjustment.
  • the adjustable burner 11 are aligned with the shaft axis. The scrap column received by the shaft section 5 is therefore uniformly heated from all sides.
  • the auxiliary burner 25, however, according to the Fig. 4 directed eccentrically against the inlet region of the tapping 3, so that above the auxiliary burner 25, especially this inlet region can be heated to prevent freezing of the melt in an emergency.
  • the scrap to be melted is fed with coke and aggregates to the shaft furnace by means of a charging basket, which is placed on top of the shaft head 28, which has a slider 29 for charging.
  • the furnace head 28 can be purged with nitrogen, which is blown through nozzles 30 with the slide 29 open.
  • the invention is of course not limited to the illustrated embodiment, because it is not about the training or storage of the adjustable burner 11, but about the adjustability of the burner 11 itself, so that for this purpose different constructions can be used.
  • the shaft 1 must be loaded from above, this does not mean that the scrap to be melted can not be introduced laterally into the shaft in the upper shaft area.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Schachtofen zum Einschmelzen von Schrott mit einem von oben beschickbaren, eine Schrottsäule aufnehmenden Schacht, der einen bodenseitigen Schmelzraum mit über den Schachtumfang verteilten, die Umfangswand des Schachtes durchsetzenden Brennern und mit einem Abstich im Bodenbereich bildet.The invention relates to a shaft furnace for melting scrap with a feedable from the top, a scrap column receiving shaft which forms a bottom-side melting chamber with distributed over the pit circumference, the peripheral wall of the shaft passing through the burner and a tapping in the bottom area.

Zum Einschmelzen von Schrott ist es bekannt ( DE 2 504 889 C2 , DE 4 306 207 A1 , EP 0 470 066 B1 , EP 0 470 067 B1 ), Schachtöfen einzusetzen, die im Bodenbereich eine Schmelzkammer mit über den Schachtumfang verteilten Brennern aufweisen, die die Umfangswand durchsetzen. Im Schacht, der von oben mit Schrott, Koks und Zuschlagstoffen beschickt wird, ergibt sich eine auf einem Koksbett im Bereich des Schmelzraumes abgestützte Schrottsäule, die über die Brenner von unten aufgeschmolzen wird und im Ausmaß der Aufschmelzung absinkt, wobei die Schmelze und die sich bildende Schlakke durch das Koksbett fließt und über einen bodenseitigen Abstich zur Weiterbehandlung abgezogen werden. Durch die aus dem Schmelzraum aufsteigenden Rauchgase wird die Schrottsäule im Gegenstrom erwärmt, wobei durch Zufuhr von Sekundärluft oberhalb des Schmelzraumes für eine entsprechende Nachverbrennung gesorgt wird. Diese Nachverbrennung ist insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit Schrott von Bedeutung, der organische Stoffe enthält wie dies beispielsweise beim Einschmelzen von Schrott aus Kraftfahrzeugen der Fall ist. Durch eine entsprechende Nachverbrennung können nämlich die organischen Schrottbestandteile vorteilhaft als Energieträger für die Schrottvorwärmung genützt und vom metallischen Anteil getrennt werden. Die Abgase aus der Nachverbrennung werden im oberen Schachtbereich über ein Saugzuggebläse aus dem Schacht abgezogen.For smelting of scrap it is known ( DE 2 504 889 C2 . DE 4 306 207 A1 . EP 0 470 066 B1 . EP 0 470 067 B1 ), Use shaft furnaces, which have in the bottom area a melting chamber with distributed over the shaft circumference burners, which pass through the peripheral wall. In the shaft, which is fed from above with scrap, coke and aggregates, resulting in a coke bed in the region of the melting chamber supported scrap column, which is melted through the burner from below and decreases in the extent of melting, the melt and the forming Schlakke flows through the coke bed and be pulled off via a bottom tapping for further treatment. By rising from the melting chamber flue gases, the scrap column is heated in countercurrent, being provided by supplying secondary air above the melting chamber for a corresponding afterburning. This afterburning is particularly important in connection with scrap, which contains organic matter as is the case, for example, in the melting of scrap from motor vehicles. By an appropriate afterburning namely the organic scrap components can be advantageously used as an energy source for the scrap preheating and separated from the metallic portion. The exhaust gases from the post-combustion are removed from the shaft in the upper shaft area via an induced draft fan.

EP0784193 definiert ein Schachtofen zum Einschmelzen von Schrott mit einem von oben beschickbaren, eine Schrottsäule aufnehmenden Schacht (23) und mit einen bodenseitigen Schmelzraum (22), welches gegenüber dem nach oben anschließenden, die Schrottsäule aufnehmenden Schachtabschnitt (23) erweitert ist und wobei des Übergangsabschnittes (7) zwischen dem erweiterten Schmelzraum (6) und dem anschließenden Schachtabschnitt ein Einschnurrung (24 -nicht fakultativ S. 6, z. 39-43) gebildet ist und wobei Brenner angeordnet sind. D1 ist der nächstliegender Stand der Technik zu Anspruch 1. EP0784193 defines a shaft furnace for melting scrap with a top-loading, scrap-column-receiving shaft (23) and a bottom-side melting space (22) which is widened with respect to the upwardly adjoining shaft portion (23) receiving the shot-hole column; 7) is formed between the widened melting chamber (6) and the subsequent shaft section a Einschnurrung (24-not optional p.6, 39-43) and wherein burners are arranged. D1 is the closest prior art to claim 1.

Obwohl sich der lichte Schachtquerschnitt gleichmäßig von oben nach unten erweitert, um ein unbehindertes Absinken der Schrottsäule zu ermöglichen, kommt es insbesondere beim Einsatz von Schrottpaketen, wie sie beim Verschrotten von Kraftfahrzeugen anfallen, zu Brückenbildungen innerhalb der Schrottsäule mit der Wirkung, daß im Bereich der Brenner Hohlräume ausgeschmolzen werden, weil die Schrottsäule aufgrund der Brückenbildung nicht im Abschmelzausmaß absinkt. Der mit der fortschreitenden Aufschmelzung verbundene Einsturz dieser Hohlräume bringt nicht nur die Gefahr einer mechanischen Beschädigung der Brenner durch abstürzende Schrotteile mit sich, sondern bedingt auch Unregelmäßigkeiten hinsichtlich des Abschmelzvorganges, was sich beispielsweise auf den Temperaturverlauf der Schmelze nachteilig auswirken kann.Although the clear shaft cross-section extends evenly from top to bottom to allow an unobstructed drop in the scrap column, it comes in particular with the use of scrap packages, such as incurred in the scrapping of motor vehicles, to bridge formations within the scrap column with the effect that in the Burner cavities are melted out, because the scrap column does not decrease in the Abschmelzausmaß due to the bridge formation. The associated with the progressive melting collapse of these cavities not only brings with it the risk of mechanical damage to the burner by falling shot pieces with it, but also requires irregularities in the Abschmelzvorganges, which may for example affect the temperature profile of the melt adversely.

Der Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Schachtofen zum Einschmelzen von Schrott der eingangs geschilderten Art so auszugestalten, daß nicht nur eine Gefährdung der Brenner vermieden, sondern auch ein vorteilhaftes Abschmelzen der Schrottsäule sichergestellt werden kann.The invention is therefore the object of a shaft furnace for melting scrap of the type described in such a way that not only avoids danger to the burner, but also an advantageous melting of the column can be ensured.

Die Erfindung löst die gestellte Aufgabe dadurch, daß der Schmelzraum gegenüber dem nach oben anschließenden, die Schrottsäule aufnehmenden Schachtabschnitt erweitert ist und daß die im Bereich eines geneigten Übergangsabschnittes der Umfangswand des Schachtes zwischen dem erweiterten Schmelzraum und dem anschließenden Schachtabschnitt angeordneten Brenner gegenüber dem Schacht radial und axial verstellbar gelagert sind.The invention solves the problem set by the fact that the melting chamber compared to the upwardly adjoining the scrap column receiving shaft section is extended and that arranged in the region of an inclined transition portion of the peripheral wall of the shaft between the extended melting chamber and the subsequent shaft section burner relative to the shaft radially and are mounted axially adjustable.

Der durch den erweiterten Schmelzraum bedingte, dachartige Übergangsabschnitt der Umfangswand des Schachtes zwischen dem Schmelzraum und dem die Schrottsäule aufnehmenden Schachtabschnitt bringt eine wirksame Abschirmung der im Bereich dieses geneigten Übergangsabschnittes angeordneten Brenner vor herabstürzenden Schrotteilen mit sich. Da die Brenner außerdem im wesentlichen außerhalb des durch die Schrottsäule gegebenen Auflastbereiches vorgesehen sind, kann eine Beschädigungsgefahr der Brenner weitgehend ausgeschlossen werden. Damit sind die wesentlichen Voraussetzungen erfüllt, um die Brenner entsprechend den jeweiligen Abschmelzbedingungen gegenüber der Schrottsäule ausrichten zu können. Erst mit einer solchen Ausrichtung der einzelnen Brenner können Unregelmäßigkeiten beispielsweise hinsichtlich der Schrottverteilung innerhalb der Schrottsäule ausgeglichen und gleichmäßige Abschmelzbedingungen eingehalten werden. Diese Ausrichtung der Brenner muß sowohl eine radiale als auch eine axiale Brennerverstellung bezüglich der Schachtachse umfassen, um die Heizbereiche entsprechend den jeweils auftretenden Verhältnissen einstellen zu können. Während mit einer Brennerverlagerung in Richtung der Schachtachse beispielsweise verhindert werden kann, daß sich größere Hohlräume im Bereich der Brenner ausbilden oder die Temperatur der Schmelze unter einen vorgegebenen Wert absinkt, kann durch eine radiale Verlagerung der Brenner die Brennermündung von anliegenden Schrotteilen freigestellt werden, um eine ordnungsgemäße Flammenausbildung zu gewährleisten.The conditional by the extended melting chamber, roof-like transition portion of the peripheral wall of the shaft between the melting chamber and the scrap column receiving shaft section brings an effective shielding arranged in the region of this inclined transition section burner before falling shot pieces with it. In addition, since the burners are provided substantially outside the ballast area provided by the scrap column, a risk of damage to the burners can be largely excluded. This is the essential prerequisite met to align the burner according to the respective Abschmelzbedingungen against the scrap column. Only with such an orientation of the individual burners can irregularities, for example with regard to the distribution of scrap within the scrap column, be compensated and uniform melting conditions can be maintained. This orientation of the burners must include both a radial and an axial burner adjustment with respect to the shaft axis in order to adjust the heating ranges according to the prevailing conditions. While with a burner displacement in the direction of the shaft axis, for example, can be prevented that form larger cavities in the field of burners or the temperature of the melt drops below a predetermined value, by a radial displacement of the burner, the burner mouth of adjacent shot parts are released to a to ensure proper flame training.

Damit sowohl die radiale als auch die axiale Verstellung der Brenner gegenüber der Schachtachse in konstruktiv einfacher Weise gelöst wird, können die Brenner in radial zum Schacht ausgerichteten Verschiebeführungen verstellbar gelagert werden, die um quer zur Verschieberichtung und quer zur Schachtachse verlaufende Achsen schwenkbar gehalten sind. Über die Schwenkhalterung der Verschiebeführungen ergibt sich somit eine Einstellung der Brenner in Richtung der Schachtachse, wobei der Heizbereich der Brenner je nach Bedarf nach oben oder unten verlagert wird. Die Verstellung innerhalb der Verschiebeführung erlaubt die bezüglich der Schachtachse radiale Einstellung der Brenner. Die Schwenkhalterungen für die Verschiebeführungen können in unterschiedlicher Weise konstruktiv gestaltet werden. Besonders günstige Konstruktionsverhältnisse ergeben sich allerdings, wenn die Verschiebeführungen je an zwei Stellzylindern angelenkt sind, wobei die parallelen Anlenkachsen quer zur Verschieberichtung und quer zur Schachtachse verlaufen, weil in diesem Fall nicht nur ein Verschwenken der Verschiebeführung um eine Schwenkachse, sondern auch eine Verlagerung der Schwenkachse möglich wird.So that both the radial and the axial adjustment of the burner relative to the shaft axis is achieved in a structurally simple manner, the burners can be adjustably mounted in radially aligned with the shaft sliding guides, which are held transversely to the direction of displacement and transverse to the shaft axis axes. Thus, adjustment of the burners in the direction of the shaft axis results via the swivel mount of the sliding guides, the heating area of the burners being displaced upwards or downwards as required. The adjustment within the sliding guide allows the relative to the shaft axis radial adjustment of the burner. The swivel brackets for the sliding guides can be designed constructively in different ways. Particularly favorable design conditions arise, however, when the sliding guides are each hinged to two adjusting cylinders, the parallel pivot axes transverse to the direction and transverse to the shaft axis, because in this case not only pivoting of the sliding guide about a pivot axis, but also a displacement of the pivot axis becomes possible.

Insbesondere aufgrund der Höhenverstellung der Brenner kann durch die erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahmen die Anzahl der Brenner im Vergleich zu feststehenden Brennern verringert werden, so daß unter Umständen mit einem Brennerkranz das Auslangen gefunden werden kann, wo sonst zwei Brennerkränze übereinander vorgesehen werden müssen. Eine Verringerung der Brenneranzahl bringt allerdings bei einem Ausfall von Brennern die Gefahr mit sich, daß die Schmelze erstarrt und nicht mehr über den Abstich abgezogen werden kann. Um einer solchen Gefahr begegnen zu können, können unterhalb der verstellbaren Brenner in der Umfangswand des Schachtes Zusatzbrenner vorgesehen werden, die gegen den Zulaufbereich des Abstiches gerichtet sind und beim Absinken der Temperatur der Schmelze unter einen vorgegebenen Grenzwert gezündet werden, damit die Schmelze nicht einfriert.In particular, due to the height adjustment of the burner can be reduced by the measures according to the invention, the number of burners compared to fixed burners, so that in some circumstances with a torch, the Auslangen can be found, where else two burner rings must be provided one above the other. A reduction in the number of burners, however, brings in the event of failure of burners with the risk that the melt solidifies and can not be deducted through the tapping. In order to be able to counteract such a risk, auxiliary burners can be provided below the adjustable burners in the peripheral wall of the shaft, which burners are directed against the inlet region of the tapping and are ignited when the temperature of the melt drops below a predetermined limit, so that the melt does not freeze.

Im Bereich der Durchtritte für die verstellbaren Brenner durch die Umfangswand des Schachtes ergeben sich Toträume, in denen sich brennbares Gas ansammeln kann. Um eine Gefährdung durch eine Entzündung solcher Gasansammlungen zu vermeiden und einen gasdichten Abschluß der Durchtritte zu erreichen, ohne die Verstellbewegungen der Brenner zu gefährden, können die Durchtritte für die verstellbaren Brenner in der Umfangswand des Schachtes durch Faltenbälge abgedichtet werden, wobei die Faltenbälge bzw. die Durchtritte mit einem Inertgasanschluß versehen sind, um die sich im Bereich der Durchtritte ergebenden Toträume mit Inertgas spülen zu können. Bei einer solchen Inertgasspülung kann auch die damit verbundene Kühlwirkung vorteilhaft für die Faltenbälge und die Brenner genützt werden.In the area of the passages for the adjustable burners through the peripheral wall of the shaft, there are dead spaces in which combustible gas can accumulate. To avoid a risk of ignition of such gas accumulation and to achieve a gas-tight closure of the passages without jeopardizing the adjustment movements of the burner, the passages for the adjustable burners in the peripheral wall of the shaft can be sealed by bellows, wherein the bellows or Passages are provided with an inert gas, in order to be able to flush the resulting dead spaces in the region of the passages with inert gas. In such an inert gas flushing and the associated cooling effect can be advantageously used for the bellows and the burner.

In der Zeichnung ist der Erfindungsgegenstand beispielsweise dargestellt. Es zeigen

Fig. 1
einen erfindungsgemäßen Schachtofen zum Einschmelzen von Schrott in einem schematischen Axialschnitt,
Fig. 2
den Schachtofen ausschnittsweise in einem Schnitt durch eine Brennerdurchführung durch die Umfangswand des Schachtes in einem größeren Maßstab,
Fig. 3
einen Schnitt nach der Linie III-III der Fig. 1 und
Fig. 4
einen Schnitt nach der Linie IV-IV der Fig. 1.
In the drawing, the subject invention is shown, for example. Show it
Fig. 1
a shaft furnace according to the invention for melting scrap in a schematic axial section,
Fig. 2
the shaft furnace in sections in a section through a burner passage through the peripheral wall of the shaft on a larger scale,
Fig. 3
a section along the line III-III of Fig. 1 and
Fig. 4
a section along the line IV-IV of Fig. 1 ,

Der Schacht 1 des dargestellten Schachtofens weist einen Boden 2 mit einem einen Abstich 3 bildenden Absticherker 4 auf. Im Bodenbereich bildet der Schacht 1 einen gegenüber dem weiterführenden Schachtabschnitt 5 erweiterten Schmelzraum 6, zwischen dem und dem Schachtabschnitt 5 ein geneigter Übergangsabschnitt 7 der Umfangswand 8 des Schachtes 1 ausgebildet ist. In diesem Übergangsabschnitt 7 der Umfangswand 8 sind über den Umfang verteilt Formsteine 9 mit Durchtritten 10 für Brenner 11 eingesetzt, wie dies insbesondere der Fig. 2 entnommen werden kann. Diese Brenner 11 sind in einer Verschiebeführung 12 gegenüber der Schachtachse radial verschiebbar gelagert und können mit Hilfe eines Stelltriebes 13 vor- und zurückgestellt werden. Die Verschiebeführung 12 ist an zwei Stellzylindern 14 angelenkt, deren parallele Anlenkachsen 15 quer zur Verschieberichtung der Verschiebeführung 12 und quer zur Schachtachse verlaufen. Mit Hilfe der Stellzylinder 14 können somit die Brenner 11 über die Verschiebeführungen 12 in Richtung der Schaftachse durch ein Verschwenken verlagert werden, um den strichpunktiert angedeuteten Heizbereich 16 der Höhe nach zu verlagern.The shaft 1 of the shaft furnace shown has a bottom 2 with a tapping 3 forming tapping notch 4. In the bottom region, the shaft 1 forms an opposite of the continuing shaft section 5 extended melting chamber 6, between which and the shaft section 5, an inclined transition section 7 of the peripheral wall 8 of the shaft 1 is formed. In this transition section 7 of the peripheral wall 8 are distributed over the circumference of shaped blocks 9 with passages 10 used for burner 11, as in particular the Fig. 2 can be removed. These burners 11 are mounted so as to be radially displaceable in a displacement guide 12 with respect to the shaft axis and can be moved back and forth with the aid of an actuating drive 13. The sliding guide 12 is articulated on two adjusting cylinders 14, whose parallel pivot axes 15 extend transversely to the direction of displacement of the sliding guide 12 and transverse to the shaft axis. With the help of the actuating cylinder 14 thus the burner 11 can be displaced by the sliding guides 12 in the direction of the shaft axis by pivoting to shift the dot-dash lines indicated heating area 16 of the amount.

Die Brenner 11 sind jeweils über eine Schlauchleitung 17 und 18 einerseits an eine Ringleitung 19 für Brennstoff, beispielsweise ein Brenngas, und anderseits an eine Ringleitung 20 für Luft oder Sauerstoff angeschlossen. Die Abdichtung der Brennerdurchtritte 10 in den Formsteinen 9 wird durch hitzebeständige Faltenbälge 21 erreicht. Die Toträume im Bereich der Durchtritte 10 und der Faltenbälge 21 können mit Inertgas, beispielsweise Stickstoff, gespült werden, um Ansammlungen brennbarer Gase in diesen Bereich zu verhindern. Zu diesem Zweck kann die an den jeweiligen Faltenbalg 21 angeschlossene Verschiebeführung mit einem entsprechenden Inertgasanschluß 22 versehen werden, der innerhalb des Faltenbalges 21 mündet.The burners 11 are each connected via a hose 17 and 18 on the one hand to a ring line 19 for fuel, such as a fuel gas, and on the other hand to a ring line 20 for air or oxygen. The sealing of the burner passages 10 in the shaped bricks 9 is achieved by heat-resistant bellows 21. The dead spaces in the area of the passages 10 and the bellows 21 can be purged with inert gas, for example nitrogen, in order to prevent accumulations of flammable gases in this area. For this purpose, the sliding guide connected to the respective bellows 21 can be provided with a corresponding inert gas connection 22, which opens inside the bellows 21.

Oberhalb der Brenner 11 münden in den Schachtabschnitt an eine ringförmige Luftleitung 23 angeschlossene Düsen 24 für die Sekundärluftzufuhr. Unterhalb der Brenner 11 sind Zusatzbrenner 25 in einem den Schacht 1 umschließenden Kranz vorgesehen, die wiederum über Ringleitungen 26 und 27 mit Brenngas und Sauerstoff bzw. Luft versorgt werden. Im Gegensatz zu den Brennern 11 durchsetzen die Brenner 25 jedoch die Umfangswand 8 des Schachtes 1 ohne Verstellmöglichkeit. Wie der Fig. 3 entnommen werden kann, sind die verstellbaren Brenner 11 auf die Schachtachse hin ausgerichtet. Die vom Schachtabschnitt 5 aufgenommene Schrottsäule wird daher von allen Seiten gleichmäßig erwärmt. Die Zusatzbrenner 25 sind jedoch gemäß der Fig. 4 gegen den Zulaufbereich des Abstiches 3 hin exzentrisch ausgerichtet, so daß über die Zusatzbrenner 25 vor allem dieser Zulaufbereich erwärmt werden kann, um in Notfällen ein Einfrieren der Schmelze zu verhindern.Above the burner 11 open into the shaft section to an annular air duct 23 connected nozzles 24 for the secondary air supply. Below the burner 11 auxiliary burner 25 are provided in a shaft enclosing the shaft 1, which in turn via ring lines 26 and 27 are supplied with fuel gas and oxygen or air. In contrast to the burners 11, however, the burners 25 pass through the peripheral wall 8 of the shaft 1 without adjustment. Again Fig. 3 can be removed, the adjustable burner 11 are aligned with the shaft axis. The scrap column received by the shaft section 5 is therefore uniformly heated from all sides. The auxiliary burner 25, however, according to the Fig. 4 directed eccentrically against the inlet region of the tapping 3, so that above the auxiliary burner 25, especially this inlet region can be heated to prevent freezing of the melt in an emergency.

Der einzuschmelzende Schrott wird mit Koks und Zuschlagstoffen dem Schachtofen mit Hilfe eines Chargierkorbes aufgegeben, der oben auf den Schachtkopf 28 aufgesetzt wird, der zur Beschickung einen Schieber 29 aufweist. Um beim Chargieren des Schachtofens den Eintritt von Luftsauerstoff in den Schachtabschnitt 5 zu vermeiden, kann der Ofenkopf 28 mit Stickstoff gespült werden, der über Düsen 30 bei geöffnetem Schieber 29 eingeblasen wird.The scrap to be melted is fed with coke and aggregates to the shaft furnace by means of a charging basket, which is placed on top of the shaft head 28, which has a slider 29 for charging. In order to avoid the entry of atmospheric oxygen into the shaft section 5 when charging the shaft furnace, the furnace head 28 can be purged with nitrogen, which is blown through nozzles 30 with the slide 29 open.

Die sich im Schachtabschnitt 5 aufbauende Schrottsäule, stützt sich auf einem Koksbett im Schmelzraum 6 ab, und wird über die Flammen der Brenner 11 kontinuierlich aufgeschmolzen, so daß die Schmelze mit der sich bildenden Schlacke durch das Koksbett zum Abstich 3 ausfließt, wobei in bekannter Weise eine Aufkohlung des Stahls erfolgt. Die entgegen der Absinkbewegung der Schrottsäule aufsteigenden Rauchgase werden einer Nachverbrennung zugeführt, für die der notwendige Sauerstoff über die Düsen 24 für die Sekundärluft zugeführt wird. Im Schachtabschnitt 5 wird somit die Schrottsäule vorgewärmt, wobei organische Schrottanteile vorteilhaft als Energieträger für die Vorwärmung der Schrottsäule ausgenützt werden. Die Abgase werden über ein nicht dargestelltes Saugzuggebläse über eine Abgasleitung 31 aus dem Schacht 1 abgezogen.The build-up in the shaft section 5 scrap column, based on a coke bed in the melting chamber 6, and is continuously melted on the flames of the burner 11, so that the melt flows out with the forming slag through the coke bed for tapping 3, wherein in a known manner a carburizing of the steel takes place. The ascending against the Absinkbewegung the scrap column flue gases are fed to an afterburner, for which the necessary oxygen is supplied via the nozzles 24 for the secondary air. In the shaft section 5 thus the scrap column is preheated, with organic scrap portions are advantageously utilized as an energy source for the preheating of the scrap column. The exhaust gases are withdrawn via an exhaust fan, not shown, via an exhaust pipe 31 from the shaft 1.

Treten im Einflußbereich der Brenner 11 Unregelmäßigkeiten auf, beispielsweise dadurch, daß aufgrund von Brückenbildungen aus der Schrottsäule Hohlräume ausgeschmolzen werden, so können die Brenner 11 über die Stellzylinder 14 entsprechend den auftretenden Unregelmäßigkeiten so eingestellt werden, daß die örtliche Heizleistung im Bereich der Schrottsäule zum Ausgleich der Unregelmäßigkeiten verändert wird. Die Schrottsäule sinkt daher ohne Ausbildung größerer Hohlräume entsprechend dem Schmelzvorgang nach, wobei eine Gefährdung der Brenner 11 durch herabstürzende Schrotteile weitgehend ausgeschlossen werden kann, weil die Brenner durch den geneigten Übergangsabschnitt 7 der Umfangswand 8 dachartig vor der Auflast der Schrottsäule geschützt werden.Occur in the sphere of influence of the burner 11 irregularities, for example, characterized in that due to bridge formations from the scrap column cavities are melted, so the burner 11 on the Adjusting cylinder 14 are adjusted according to the irregularities occurring so that the local heating power is changed in the field of scrap column to compensate for the irregularities. The scrap column therefore decreases without training larger cavities according to the melting process, with a threat to the burner 11 can be largely excluded by falling shot pieces, because the burners are protected by the inclined transition section 7 of the peripheral wall 8 like a roof before the load of the scrap column.

Die Erfindung ist selbstverständlich nicht auf das dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt, weil es nicht um die Ausbildung oder Lagerung der verstellbaren Brenner 11 geht, sondern um die Verstellbarkeit der Brenner 11 an sich, so daß hiefür unterschiedliche Konstruktionen zum Einsatz kommen können. Gleiches gilt für den Aufbau des Schachtofens, der lediglich einen gegenüber dem anschließenden Schaftabschnitt 5 erweiterten Schmelzraum 6 aufweisen muß, um die verstellbaren Brenner 11 vor mechanischen Belastungen durch die Schrottsäule zu schützen. Der Schacht 1 muß zwar von oben beschickt werden, doch bedeutet dies nicht, daß der einzuschmelzende Schrott nicht auch im oberen Schachtbereich seitlich in den Schacht eingebracht werden kann.The invention is of course not limited to the illustrated embodiment, because it is not about the training or storage of the adjustable burner 11, but about the adjustability of the burner 11 itself, so that for this purpose different constructions can be used. The same applies to the construction of the shaft furnace, which must have only one with respect to the subsequent shaft portion 5 extended melting chamber 6 in order to protect the adjustable burner 11 from mechanical stresses by the scrap column. Although the shaft 1 must be loaded from above, this does not mean that the scrap to be melted can not be introduced laterally into the shaft in the upper shaft area.

Claims (5)

  1. Shaft furnace for smelting scrap having a shaft which can be fed from above, receives a column of scrap and forms a base-side smelting zone having burners, which are distributed over the shaft periphery and pass through the peripheral wall of the shaft, and having a tap in the base region, characterised in that the smelting zone (6) is widened with respect to the upwardly adjoining shaft section (5) which receives the column of scrap, and that the burners (11) which are disposed in the region of an inclined transition section (7) of the peripheral wall (8) of the shaft (1) between the widened smelting zone (6) and the adjoining shaft section (5) are mounted in such a manner as to be radially and axially adjustable with respect to the shaft (1).
  2. Shaft furnace as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the burners (11) are supported so as to be adjustable in displacement guides (12) which are aligned radially with respect to the shaft (1) and are held so as to be pivotable about axes which extend transversely with respect to the displacement direction and transversely with respect to the shaft axis.
  3. Shaft furnace as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that the displacement guides (12) are articulated in each case to two adjustment cylinders (14), wherein the parallel articulation spindles (15) extend transversely with respect to the displacement direction and transversely with respect to the shaft axis.
  4. Shaft furnace as claimed in any one of claim 1 to 3, characterised in that auxiliary burners (25) which are directed towards the inlet region of the tap (3) are provided underneath the adjustable burners (11) in the peripheral wall (8) of the shaft (1).
  5. Shaft furnace as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the passages (10) for the adjustable burners (11) are stated in the peripheral wall (8) of the shaft (1) by means of bellows (21) and that the bellows (21) or the passages (10) are provided with an inert gas confection (22).
EP03450141A 2002-06-28 2003-06-05 Shaft furnace for smelting of scrap Expired - Lifetime EP1375679B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI200332163T SI1375679T1 (en) 2002-06-28 2003-06-05 Shaft furnace for smelting of scrap

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT9732002 2002-06-28
AT0097302A AT411266B (en) 2002-06-28 2002-06-28 Shaft furnace for smelting scrap has an upwards expansion from the lower smelting zone into the shaft section containing the scrap column, with an adjustable angled transit wall between them

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1375679A2 EP1375679A2 (en) 2004-01-02
EP1375679A3 EP1375679A3 (en) 2008-05-14
EP1375679B1 true EP1375679B1 (en) 2012-04-25

Family

ID=3683725

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03450141A Expired - Lifetime EP1375679B1 (en) 2002-06-28 2003-06-05 Shaft furnace for smelting of scrap

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1375679B1 (en)
AT (2) AT411266B (en)
SI (1) SI1375679T1 (en)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE563093A (en) * 1956-12-12
AT282978B (en) * 1966-04-28 1970-07-27 Chemetron Corp Process and burners for refining non-ferrous metals
US5471495A (en) * 1991-11-18 1995-11-28 Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbeau Gmbh Electric arc furnace arrangement for producing steel
KR100456347B1 (en) * 1995-08-08 2005-05-03 다이요 닛산 가부시키가이샤 Metal Melting Furnace and Dissolution Method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT411266B (en) 2003-11-25
ATA9732002A (en) 2003-04-15
EP1375679A2 (en) 2004-01-02
SI1375679T1 (en) 2012-07-31
EP1375679A3 (en) 2008-05-14
ATE555356T1 (en) 2012-05-15

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