EP1363097A1 - Pneumatic centrifugal dryer - Google Patents

Pneumatic centrifugal dryer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1363097A1
EP1363097A1 EP03010678A EP03010678A EP1363097A1 EP 1363097 A1 EP1363097 A1 EP 1363097A1 EP 03010678 A EP03010678 A EP 03010678A EP 03010678 A EP03010678 A EP 03010678A EP 1363097 A1 EP1363097 A1 EP 1363097A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
dryer
vapor
transport
loop reactor
furnace
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EP03010678A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1363097B1 (en
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Robert Dr. Bankwitz
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/10—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle, e.g. pneumatic, flash, vortex or entrainment dryers
    • F26B17/101—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle, e.g. pneumatic, flash, vortex or entrainment dryers the drying enclosure having the shape of one or a plurality of shafts or ducts, e.g. with substantially straight and vertical axis
    • F26B17/102—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle, e.g. pneumatic, flash, vortex or entrainment dryers the drying enclosure having the shape of one or a plurality of shafts or ducts, e.g. with substantially straight and vertical axis with material recirculation, classifying or disintegrating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/24—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by shooting or throwing the materials, e.g. after which the materials are subject to impact

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for drying pneumatically conveyable Goods, especially of wood fiber and similar vegetable substances, in one indirect heated spin dryer.
  • Wood fibers are dried industrially in a very energy-intensive way in electric dryers.
  • tube bundle rotary dryers were considered to be the dryers with the least amount of pollutants when drying wood pulp. This is because these dryers are gently indirect be heated with steam (or heat transfer oil). However, the one for it is of great disadvantage Steam boilers required, unless steam is available anyway. In normal tube bundles however, wood fibers get caught. A special, complex one is suitable for this Heating register dryer from VETTER MASCHINENBAU GMBH KASSEL.
  • EP 0 457 203 B1 (KUNZ, priority 18.05.90) claims a drum dryer with a closed Steam-air cycle, especially for drying substances with strong Odor nuisance is suitable, the vapors being condensed and the non-condensable Vapors are burned. The use of condensation heat is also used for this dryer the brothers claimed. In the patent, the heating is not condensable vapor components described by means of a flue gas cooler before they enter the combustion chamber.
  • EP 0 459 603 B1 (K ⁇ RTING, priority 01.06.90) claims methods and system for Drying wood shavings, wood fibers or similar bulk materials in a vapor cycle, at the smoke-free vapors leaving a drum dryer in a heat exchanger from the hot fuel gases are indirectly heated and fed back to the dryer, whereby a Branch stream branched off from this circuit and for thermal decomposition of the pollutants Combustion chamber is guided. There is no vapor condensation. Describes the same procedure with later priority the application EP 0 508 546 A1 (VAN DEN BROEK).
  • EP 0 714 006 B1 (KUNZ, PRIORITY 24.11.94) claims an improvement of the method EP 0 459 063 B1 by heating the partial vapor stream which is incinerated that is, the flue gas leaving the combustion chamber directly, so that the following counterflow heat exchanger for decoupling the dryer heat at the hottest point not thermally is more heavily burdened. The residual heat of the flue gases is then used to heat the Combustion air and possibly used for predrying.
  • EP 0 851 194 A3 (KNABE, Priority DE 196 54 043 C2) claims that the hot flue gas of a combustion chamber first Heat is removed by a steam generator before the in a second heat exchanger Vapor circuit is heated. The excess of vapor is burned.
  • a steam generator Preferably used as a dryer obviously uses a shell and tube rotary drum dryer with a rotating drum, a current dryer can be connected upstream. This arrangement is said to be lower Exhaust gas temperatures can be reached than with the dryers from W. KUNZ DRYTEC AG. From the The illustration does not show whether this arrangement has economic advantages over the classic one Has tube bundle rotary dryer with only one heat transfer circuit.
  • fibrous materials with low Bulk density and high internal friction e.g. Basically, wood fibers are not in one Dryer according to EP 0 714 006 B1 or DE 196 54 043 C2 can be dried.
  • the GERMAN BUNDESSTIFTUNG UMWELT developed the hot steam fiber dryer in 1999/2000 funded by SCHENKMANN & PIEL, LEVERKUSEN. This is a 100 m long current dryer operated with 0.5 to 1.5 bar overpressure with only a small amount Overheating of the vapors circulated ( ⁇ 180 ° C) to avoid gaseous emissions. For 1 kg of water evaporation, about 50 kg (!) Vapors have to be circulated in this dryer become.
  • DE 196 06 472 C1 (B ⁇ HLER) describes, like a continuous dryer, the target residual moisture right from the start can be achieved quickly by a complex regulation.
  • DE 196 09 530 A1 (B ⁇ HLER) describes a two-stage drying of biomass, with the hot biomass of the first stage in a downstream power dryer by controlled evaporative cooling with conditioned Supply air is set to the exact processing humidity.
  • EP 1 128 145 A2 (LEB FIRE TECHNOLOGY) describes the control of a power dryer by recording the climate data within the dryer with pressure, temperature and humidity sensors, the signals from a controller are evaluated, which regulates the temperature of the hot gas flow.
  • a problem with multi-stage drying e.g. the widespread combination electric dryer for pre-drying and drum dryer for main drying is the amount of the total Plant led vapor steam, its separation after predrying DE 44 27 709 A1 (KNABE) describes.
  • centrifugal wave dryers When drying mechanically insensitive goods, or if in a process anyway with comminution, centrifugal wave dryers are very Heat transfers reached. Due to the very good separation of the dry goods, almost the entire specific outer surface of the dry material with high turbulence available for mass and heat exchange.
  • This pneumatic heated indirectly with gas Centrifugal tumble dryers combine an axially standing centrifugal shaft in one container with a classifying current dryer. Here granules are defined from a suspension Grain produced. For drying wood fibers and similar vegetable substances this pneumatic tumble dryer with gas operation seems to be less suitable.
  • the object of the present invention is a method and a device for indirect Drying of pneumatically conveyable goods, in particular for wood fibers and similar vegetable Fabrics with very good separation of the dry goods and use of the wall of the drying room as a heat exchanger.
  • FIG 1 the essential elements of the invention are shown:
  • the suction 3 The suction tube 4 and the downpipe 5 of the existing loop reactor are in an oven 6.
  • the material 1 gets wet abandoned and the spin dryer leaves vapor and dried goods 2.
  • the pneumatic centrifugal dryer according to the invention combines the very good heat transfer the centrifugal dryer with the very simple control behavior of the loop reactor, which corresponds approximately to that of the ideal stirred tank.
  • a current dryer it is special for drying goods that are difficult to handle, such as wood fiber and similar vegetable Suitable for fabrics.
  • indirectly heated electricity dryers there is no need to enter the heat of vaporization via a vapor circuit with various devices and the extreme required for low overheating of the vapors high gas circulation or the high vapor superheating required for lower circulation Product decomposition.
  • the centrifugal dryer is located directly in an oven. The Burned-out flue gas is suddenly brought up to furnace temperature of e.g.
  • the dry material-vapor mixture is circulated in the loop reactor with a transport impeller, as is known from the suction of pneumatic chip conveyance. That is a very robust open radial fan with closed back, on which nothing gets stuck. At the Passage through the transport impeller and when skidding against the reactor wall becomes that Dried goods very well isolated, as in every spin dryer.
  • the in the downpipe due to centrifugal force Dry material particles rubbing the reactor wall create a thin PRANDTL boundary layer and thus an excellent heat transfer from the wall to the circulating vapors.
  • the centrifugal dryer according to the invention can also be operated at the bottom by means of suction be operated, the transport impeller can also be a floor agitator. In this case there is an external circulation of the dry material / vapor mixture.
  • This version at that the entire machine technology is at ground level can be very advantageous for smaller dryers his.
  • the heat transported from the dryer wall to the dry goods without much overheating of the vapors.
  • the thermal inertia of the dryer wall can be very high if the loading of dry goods is disrupted Emergency cooling with injected water quickly reaching the entire drying room. This can make the special fire risk of drying vegetable substances practical be excluded. If there is a fire, it will simply suffocated by pushing off all openings. Should inadmissible excess pressure build up are removed via pressure relief flaps.
  • the pneumatic centrifugal dryer can be very well adjusted to the inside temperature of the Regulate loop reactor.
  • the residual moisture correlates very well with a given product Temperature.
  • the dryer is preheated to the operating temperature and then Slowly wet dry material is added in such an amount that the internal temperature is constant in the The target value range remains.
  • the feed is continuously increased until the furnace wall is fully heated and the full firing capacity is available for drying.
  • the furnace is used to shut down set and continue to dry with decreasing loading until it is safely switched off can be.
  • the dryer can also quickly evaporate through injected water be emptied and cooled.
  • the pneumatic centrifugal dryer can use an exhaust gas Gas turbine are heated or with steam from a steam engine, a back pressure turbine or an extraction condensation turbine.
  • the downpipes can also be used as double jacket pipes for steam heating be carried out.
  • the pneumatic Spin dryer can be used as a condenser of an ORC power plant.
  • the centrifugal dryer according to the invention is particularly suitable for decentralized processing renewable raw materials.
  • the systems preferably have a firing capacity from 0.3 to 3 MW.
  • a high level of profitability is achieved by burning biomass reached.
  • the company LEHMANN MASCHINENBAU GMBH JOCKETA from wet wood chips from whole construction the fine fraction, which contains a high proportion of bark and needles or leaves, separated by air sifting and burned directly in a front furnace.
  • the wind sifter can be adjusted to the current fuel requirement. In this case there is only one common line for raw material and fuel.
  • the dry material is as in each spin dryer very well isolated, so that usually almost the entire specific Surface of the dry material is available for mass and heat exchange with the vapors stands and very good mass and heat transfers can be achieved due to the high turbulence.
  • To to the kink moisture is the speed-determining step the heat input in the Dryer.
  • the retention time behavior is therefore the simple one Mixing kettle sufficient.
  • two or more dryers can be cascaded in series to be higher only for the diffusion-controlled final drying below the kink point moisture Driving temperatures in the dryer.
  • two or more can be used in the main drying Spin dryer work in parallel and with a common spin dryer for final drying be connected in series.
  • the dry material discharged from the centrifugal dryer can be pneumatic with air be transported away.
  • the sensible warmth of the dry material is then used for subsequent drying used by evaporative cooling.
  • the efficiency is even better if the Transport air is previously heated with waste heat.
  • the used transport air is advantageous as Combustion air used in the dryer furnace.
  • flammable dry matter such as vegetable No further dedusting is then required after the product separator.
  • the water vapor from the after-drying must be at the exhaust gas temperature with the flue gases be heated, but this only requires a fraction of the evaporation heat saved.
  • the pneumatic centrifugal dryer is preferably also fed pneumatically. If transport air is used for this, the water vapor partial pressure in the dryer drops, which is beneficial for drying, but also reduces the dew point temperature of the vapors, which is disadvantageous for the use of waste heat. Vapor vapor should be overheated as a transport gas, to avoid falling below the dew point. Through such vapor overheating with one Exhaust gas cooler improves efficiency.
  • the pneumatic centrifugal dryer can, however e.g. can also be fed with a screw conveyor.
  • Vapor vapor with a high dew point temperature is known to be very good for waste heat recovery suitable. Often, however, there is no heat requirement at the place of occurrence. Renewable intended for drying Raw materials are often wet. In this case it can be advantageous to use the raw materials Steam vapor to save heating in the dryer. The thing that happens when steaming Water is usually very easy to clean biologically. Such a damper causes at the same time dust removal from the vapors.
  • the vapor vapor can e.g. can also be condensed in an air cooler that doesn't condensed portion can be fed directly or indirectly to the furnace and the heated air can can be used for pre- or post-drying.
  • the Green fodder is aerated much better after predrying and the heating energy is here used twice.
  • wood chips are used for the production of fuel pellets in silos with floor ventilation pre-dried by this warm air, crushed in a hammer mill, in pneumatic tumble dryer dried and then pelletized.
  • Example 1 Plant and method for processing wood chips into wood fibers with drying in one embodiment of the dryer according to the invention.
  • the most important dimensions are: Eight downpipes 508 x 8 mm with 12,750 mm drop height.
  • the suction pipe 406.4 x 12 mm, the distributor head made of square hollow profile 150 x 10 mm and hemispherical collecting device 2,600 mm diameter, 1,300 mm height and 10 mm wall thickness.
  • This loop reactor is made of material St 37-2.
  • the furnace wall has an inner diameter of 2,400 mm and an outer diameter of 3,000 mm and is stuffed with mineral insulating wool to about 100 kg / m 3 .
  • the inside of the furnace wall consists of a 1 mm thick sheet metal jacket made of material 1.4713, which is provided with cross beads for reinforcement and length compensation.
  • the combustion chamber for a wood blowing furnace and all thermally highly stressed furnace internals are made of material 1.4762.
  • the total heat exchanger area is approximately 180 m 2 .
  • the maximum evaporation capacity for water is approx. 1,200 to 2,400 kg / h depending on the material and wall temperature.
  • the firing capacity is designed for 0.99 to 2.7 MW, depending on the specific circumstances, whereby basically any fuel is possible.
  • the specific power consumption of the induced draft is 0.01 to 0.06 kWh / kg water evaporation.
  • the loop reactor with furnace wall is the largest single part for assembly and, with dimensions of 3,000 x 3,000 x 16,000 mm, does not pose any problems for road transport.
  • the wet wood chips are discharged from the bunker to the moving floor Air classifier, where the fine fraction is based on the heat demand of the dryer using transport air is discharged and blown into a front furnace.
  • the wood chips separated from the fines reach the Damper, where the coarse-grained heap is well flowed through by vapor.
  • the condensed Vapors and the water drained from the wood chips are subjected to biological purification fed.
  • the vapors dedusted in the damper become, depending on the other heat requirements a condenser recovered waste heat with a flow temperature of 80 ° C.
  • the steamed hot wood chips become a twin-screw extruder from the company LEHMANN MASCHINENBAU GMBH JOCKETA fed to the defibration and get from there with a Screw conveyor in the suction pipe of the dryer.
  • the wood fiber / vapor mixture is at the lowest point of the collecting device sucked in by the intake manifold, being above the collecting device in the intake manifold also the fresh material is fed.
  • a transport wheel like this is known from the chip production, hanging with a vertical axis in the distributor head appropriate.
  • the distributor head corresponds to the housing of a radial fan with the difference that that it has several outlets arranged around an axis of symmetry, here eight.
  • the Transport impeller throws the aspirated wood fiber / vapor mixture through the outlets of the Distribution head with tangential entry into the downpipes, where the wood fibers are thrown against the wall fall down on a spiral path and together with the circulated vapors into the Arrive collection device where they are sucked again.
  • a floor agitator at the bottom of the collecting device ensures that there is no wood pulp and for the fact that wood fibers are constantly transported into the outlet from where they are reach the cyclone separator with the vapors.
  • the blow-in firing is designed as a pre-furnace, so that the fine fraction is wet Wood chips reach the combustion chamber temperature necessary for clean combustion becomes.
  • the actual oven space of the centrifugal dryer stands on the hemispherical collecting device of the loop reactor and envelops the entire remaining part of the loop reactor, except for the drive of the transport wheel.
  • the hot exhaust gases from the furnace are heated to around 400 ° C Air preheater cooled to about 200 ° C chimney temperature.
  • Example 2 Process for the production of fuel pellets from wet sawdust.
  • the pneumatic centrifugal dryer is moved by an adjustable loading belt a rotary valve in a pneumatic bay pass loaded with sawdust.
  • Cyclone separators separate the dried sawdust from the vapors and through a Cell rotary valve fed directly to a pellet press from M ⁇ NCH, RATINGEN.
  • the optimal one The degree of dryness of the sawdust is assessed according to the appearance of the pellets and! the speed the feed belt increased or decreased accordingly. Due to the hot steam short-time drying the otherwise necessary conditioning and the intermediate buffer are omitted.
  • Example 3 Process for energy self-sufficient sewage sludge drying with direct combustion and optional phosphate recovery.
  • the organic dry matter (oTS) of municipal sewage sludge has about that Heating value like dry wood. Sewage sludge mechanically dewatered with filter presses or centrifuges with at least 20% oTS can therefore be burned autothermally. According to the state of the Technology, the sewage sludge is dried and the dry material can be used to heat the Dryer can be burned. As the sewage sludge dries a so-called glue phase passes through, it has to be dried in convection dryers by backmixing with dry goods can be set to over 60% TS. Due to the internal product return is the invention pneumatic centrifugal dryers are ideally suited for this. In the collecting device a kneader is installed, which causes the mixture to have a crumbly consistency.
  • the dust-like dry sewage sludge is roughly separated from the vapor in a cyclone and with preheated air in an eddy current burner from GIV MBH, HALLE very clean burned.
  • the dusty vapors are fed directly to the secondary combustion chamber and thus thermally cleaned.
  • the steam generator is heated with the completely burned-out smoke gases.
  • the steam engine of the generator is operated at 16 bar back pressure and the dryer acts as a capacitor.
  • the ashes of sewage sludge can be removed without heavy metal pollution by mono-combustion can be used directly as a biocide-free phosphate fertilizer, otherwise there is a more extensive one Treatment for phosphate recovery required.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)

Abstract

A pneumatic transport rotor, recirculates a mixture of materials to be dried with vapors. In the course of recirculation, it causes the flow of falling material to be accelerated under centrifugal force, against the walls of the dryer. The heated walls act as a heat exchanger. An Independent claim is included for the corresponding dryer.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Trocknen pneumatisch förderbarer Güter, insbesondere von Holzfasem und ähnlichen pflanzlichen Stoffe, in einem indirekt beheizten Schleudertrockner.The invention relates to a method and a device for drying pneumatically conveyable Goods, especially of wood fiber and similar vegetable substances, in one indirect heated spin dryer.

Bei der industriellen Trocknung von Holzspänen bereiten die meist aus Gründen der Wirtschaftlichkeit angewendeten hohen Temperaturen Emissionsprobleme durch thermische Zersetzung. Holzfasem werden industriell sehr energieintensiv in Stromtrocknern getrocknet.In the industrial drying of wood chips, they usually prepare for reasons of economy high temperature emissions problems due to thermal decomposition. Wood fibers are dried industrially in a very energy-intensive way in electric dryers.

Rohrbündel-Rotationstrockner galten bisher als die Trockner mit dem geringsten Schadstoffanfall bei der Trocknung von Holzstoffen. Das liegt daran, daß diese Trockner schonend indirekt mit Dampf (oder Wärmeträgeröl) beheizt werden. Von großem Nachteil ist allerdings der dafür erforderliche Dampfkessel, es sei denn, Dampf steht ohnehin zur Verfügung. In normalen Rohrbündeln verhaken sich allerdings Holzfasem. Hierfür eignet sich ein spezieller, aufwendiger Heizregistertrockner der Firma VETTER MASCHINENBAU GMBH KASSEL.So far, tube bundle rotary dryers were considered to be the dryers with the least amount of pollutants when drying wood pulp. This is because these dryers are gently indirect be heated with steam (or heat transfer oil). However, the one for it is of great disadvantage Steam boilers required, unless steam is available anyway. In normal tube bundles however, wood fibers get caught. A special, complex one is suitable for this Heating register dryer from VETTER MASCHINENBAU GMBH KASSEL.

EP 0 457 203 B1 (KUNZ, Priorität 18.05.90) beansprucht einen Trommeltrockner mit geschlossenem Dampf-Luft-Kreislauf, der insbesondere für die Trocknung von Substanzen mit starker Geruchsbelästigung geeignet ist, wobei die Brüden kondensiert werden und die nicht kondensierbaren Brüdenanteile verbrannt werden. Für diesen Trockner wird auch die Nutzung der Kondensationswärme der Brüden beansprucht. In der Patentschrift ist auch die Aufheizung der nicht kondensierbaren Brüdenanteile mittels Rauchgaskühler vor deren Eintritt in die Brennkammer beschrieben.EP 0 457 203 B1 (KUNZ, priority 18.05.90) claims a drum dryer with a closed Steam-air cycle, especially for drying substances with strong Odor nuisance is suitable, the vapors being condensed and the non-condensable Vapors are burned. The use of condensation heat is also used for this dryer the brothers claimed. In the patent, the heating is not condensable vapor components described by means of a flue gas cooler before they enter the combustion chamber.

EP 0 459 603 B1 (KÖRTING, Priorität 01.06.90) beansprucht Verfahren und Anlage zur Trocknung von Holzspänen, Holzfasem oder ähnlichen Schüttgütern in einem Brüdenkreislauf, bei dem die einen Trommeltrockner verlassenden rauchgasfreien Brüden in einem Wärmetaucher von den heißen Brenngasen indirekt erhitzt und dem Trockner wieder zugeführt werden, wobei ein Teilstrom aus diesem Kreislauf abgezweigt und zur thermischen Zersetzung der Schadstoffe zur Brennkammer geführt wird. Eine Brüdenkondensation findet nicht statt. Das gleiche Verfahren beschreibt mit späterer Priorität die Anmeldung EP 0 508 546 A1 (VAN DEN BROEK).EP 0 459 603 B1 (KÖRTING, priority 01.06.90) claims methods and system for Drying wood shavings, wood fibers or similar bulk materials in a vapor cycle, at the smoke-free vapors leaving a drum dryer in a heat exchanger from the hot fuel gases are indirectly heated and fed back to the dryer, whereby a Branch stream branched off from this circuit and for thermal decomposition of the pollutants Combustion chamber is guided. There is no vapor condensation. Describes the same procedure with later priority the application EP 0 508 546 A1 (VAN DEN BROEK).

Für die Trocknung von Stoffen, bei denen ein schwer zu reinigendes Brüdenkondensat anfällt, beansprucht EP 0 714 006 B1 (KUNZ, PRIORITÄT 24.11.94) eine Verbesserung des Verfahrens EP 0 459 063 B1 durch Aufheizung des zur Verbrennung gelangenden Brüdenteilstromes mit dem heißen, die Brennkammer direkt verlassenden Rauchgas, damit der folgende Gegenstromwärmetauscher für die Auskopplung der Trocknerwärme an der heißesten Stelle thermisch nicht mehr so stark belastet wird. Die Restwärme der Rauchgase wird dann noch zur Aufheizung der Verbrennungsluft und gegebenenfalls noch für eine Vortrocknung genutzt.For drying fabrics with a vapor condensate that is difficult to clean occurs, EP 0 714 006 B1 (KUNZ, PRIORITY 24.11.94) claims an improvement of the method EP 0 459 063 B1 by heating the partial vapor stream which is incinerated that is, the flue gas leaving the combustion chamber directly, so that the following counterflow heat exchanger for decoupling the dryer heat at the hottest point not thermally is more heavily burdened. The residual heat of the flue gases is then used to heat the Combustion air and possibly used for predrying.

Bekanntlich sind Gase aufgrund ihrer geringen Dichte schlechte Wärmeträger und Verdampfungs-Kondensations-Kreisläufe übertragen die Wärme am besten. EP 0 851 194 A3 (KNABE, Priorität DE 196 54 043 C2) beansprucht, daß dem heißen Rauchgas einer Brennkammer zuerst Wärme durch einen Dampferzeuger entzogen wird, bevor in einem zweiten Wärmetauscher der Brüdenkreislauf erhitzt wird. Der Brüdenüberschuß wird verbrannt. Vorzugsweise wird als Trockner offensichtlich ein Rohrbündel-Rotationstrockner mit Gehäuse oder mit drehender Trommel verwendet, wobei ein Stromtrockner vorgeschaltet sein kann. Mit dieser Anordnung sollen niedrigere Abgastemperaturen erreichbar sein, als mit den Trocknern der Firma W. KUNZ DRYTEC AG. Aus der Darstellung ist nicht ersichtlich, ob diese Anordnung wirtschaftliche Vorteile gegenüber dem klassischen Rohrbündel-Rotationstrockner mit nur einem Wärmeträgerkreislauf aufweist.Because of their low density, gases are known to be poor heat carriers and evaporation-condensation cycles best transfer heat. EP 0 851 194 A3 (KNABE, Priority DE 196 54 043 C2) claims that the hot flue gas of a combustion chamber first Heat is removed by a steam generator before the in a second heat exchanger Vapor circuit is heated. The excess of vapor is burned. Preferably used as a dryer obviously uses a shell and tube rotary drum dryer with a rotating drum, a current dryer can be connected upstream. This arrangement is said to be lower Exhaust gas temperatures can be reached than with the dryers from W. KUNZ DRYTEC AG. From the The illustration does not show whether this arrangement has economic advantages over the classic one Has tube bundle rotary dryer with only one heat transfer circuit.

Nach DE 100 56 459 C1 (FRAUENHOFER-GESELLSCHAFT) können faserige Stoffe mit geringem Schüttgewicht und hoher innerer Reibung, wie z.B. Holzfasern grundsätzlich nicht in einem Trockner nach EP 0 714 006 B1 oder DE 196 54 043 C2 getrocknet werden. Deshalb wird ein Verfahren beansprucht für einen Trockner, bei dem es sich offensichtlich um einen Stromtrockner handelt, mit im Kreislauf zwischen Trockner und Feuerungs-Wärmetauscher erhitzten Brüden und mit Brüdenkondensation, wie es bereits von KUNZ in EP 0 365 851 B1 für einen Trommeltrockner beansprucht wurde, wobei die nicht kondensierten Brüdenanteile so über einen Wärmetauscher in die Feuerung geführt werden, wie es KUNZ in EP 0 714 006 B1 für die Entsorgung von Brüden ohne vorherige Kondensation beansprucht. In Unteranspruch 9 wird dann die Verwendung eins Stromtrockners für das Verfahren beansprucht.According to DE 100 56 459 C1 (FRAUENHOFER-GESELLSCHAFT), fibrous materials with low Bulk density and high internal friction, e.g. Basically, wood fibers are not in one Dryer according to EP 0 714 006 B1 or DE 196 54 043 C2 can be dried. Therefore a A method is claimed for a dryer that is obviously a current dryer acts with vapors heated in the circuit between the dryer and the furnace heat exchanger with vapor condensation, as already described by KUNZ in EP 0 365 851 B1 for a drum dryer was claimed, the uncondensed vapor components in such a way via a heat exchanger the furnace can be operated, as KUNZ in EP 0 714 006 B1 for the disposal of vapors claimed without prior condensation. In claim 9, the use is then one Current dryer claimed for the process.

Die DEUTSCHE BUNDESSTIFTUNG UMWELT hat 1999/2000 die Entwicklung des Heißdampf-Fasertrockners der Firma SCHENKMANN & PIEL, LEVERKUSEN gefördert. Hierbei handelt es sich um einen mit 0,5 bis 1,5 bar Überdruck betriebenen 100 m langen Stromtrockner mit nur geringer Überhitzung der im Kreislauf geführten Brüden (< 180 °C) zur Vermeidung gasförmiger Emissionen. Für 1 kg Wasserverdampfung müssen bei diesen Trockner etwa 50 kg (!) Brüden umgewälzt werden.The GERMAN BUNDESSTIFTUNG UMWELT developed the hot steam fiber dryer in 1999/2000 funded by SCHENKMANN & PIEL, LEVERKUSEN. This is a 100 m long current dryer operated with 0.5 to 1.5 bar overpressure with only a small amount Overheating of the vapors circulated (<180 ° C) to avoid gaseous emissions. For 1 kg of water evaporation, about 50 kg (!) Vapors have to be circulated in this dryer become.

Die meisten Trocknungsverfahren sind regelungstechnisch ungünstig. DE 196 06 472 C1 (BÖHLER) beschreibt, wie bei einem Durchlauftrockner bereits beim Start die Soll-Restfeuchte durch eine aufwendige Regelung schnell erreicht werden kann. DE 196 09 530 A1 (BÖHLER) beschreibt eine zweistufige Trocknung von Biomasse, wobei die heiße Biomasse der ersten Stufe in einem nachgeschalteten Stromtrockner durch geregelte Verdunstungskühlung mit konditionierter Zuluft auf die exakte Verarbeitungsfeuchte eingestellt wird. EP 1 128 145 A2 (LEB FEUERUNGS-TECHNIK) beschreibt die Regelung eines Stromtrockners durch die Erfassung der Klimadaten innerhalb des Trockners mit Druck-, Temperatur- und Feuchtesensoren, deren Signale von einer Steuerung ausgewertet werden, welche die Temperatur des Heißgasstromes regelt.Most drying processes are unfavorable from a control point of view. DE 196 06 472 C1 (BÖHLER) describes, like a continuous dryer, the target residual moisture right from the start can be achieved quickly by a complex regulation. DE 196 09 530 A1 (BÖHLER) describes a two-stage drying of biomass, with the hot biomass of the first stage in a downstream power dryer by controlled evaporative cooling with conditioned Supply air is set to the exact processing humidity. EP 1 128 145 A2 (LEB FIRE TECHNOLOGY) describes the control of a power dryer by recording the climate data within the dryer with pressure, temperature and humidity sensors, the signals from a controller are evaluated, which regulates the temperature of the hot gas flow.

Ein Problem bei mehrstufigen Trocknem, z.B. der verbreiteten Kombination Stromtrockner zur Vortrocknung und Trommeltrockner zur Haupttrocknung ist die Menge des durch die gesamte Anlage geführten Brüdendampfes, dessen Abtrennung nach der Vortrocknung DE 44 27 709 A1 (KNABE) beschreibt.A problem with multi-stage drying, e.g. the widespread combination electric dryer for pre-drying and drum dryer for main drying is the amount of the total Plant led vapor steam, its separation after predrying DE 44 27 709 A1 (KNABE) describes.

Mit indirekt beheizten Umgas betriebene Durchlauftrockner sind recht aufwendig. Es gibt neue Versuche den Aufwand für emissionsarmen Betrieb von Holzspänetrocknern zu senken. Dazu wird nach WO 0 2001 67016 A1 (VALMET PANELBOARD) vorgeschlagen, den gesamten Überschuß des Umgasstromes eines mit Rauchgasen direkt beheizten Umgasstromes in die Feuerung zurückzuführen und den dadurch entstehenden Überschuß thermisch gereinigter Rauchgase für die ebenfalls direkte Heizung einer ebenfalls mit Umluft betriebenen Vortrocknung zu verwenden,
wobei in der Vortrocknung aufgrund wesentlich niedrigerer Temperaturen durch höhere Feuchte weniger Zersetzungsprodukte gebildet werden.Continuous dryers operated with indirectly heated gas are very expensive. There are new attempts to reduce the effort for low-emission operation of wood chip dryers. For this purpose, according to WO 0 2001 67016 A1 (VALMET PANELBOARD) it is proposed to return the entire excess of the gas flow of a gas flow directly heated with flue gases to the furnace and to use the resulting excess of thermally cleaned smoke gases for the direct heating of a predrying which is also operated with air circulation .
whereby in the predrying, due to much lower temperatures, less decomposition products are formed due to higher humidity.

Bei der Trocknung mechanisch unempfindlicher Güter, bzw. wenn ohnehin in einem Verfahren mit Zerkleinerung gearbeitet wird, werden mit Schleuderwellentrocknem sehr gute Stoffund Wärmeübergänge erreicht. Durch die sehr gute Vereinzelung des Trockengutes steht nahezu die gesamte spezifische äußere Oberfläche des Trockengutes bei gleichzeitig hohen Turbulenzen für den Stoff- und Wärmeaustausch zur Verfügung. Einen interessanten Schleuder-Schnelltrockner beansprucht EP 0 862 718 B1 (APV ANHYDRO). Dieser mit Umgas indirekt beheizte pneumatische Schleudertrockner in stehender Bauart kombiniert in einem Behälter eine achsial stehende Schleuderwelle mit einem klassierenden Stromtrockner. Hier wird aus einer Suspension Granulat definierter Körnung hergestellt. Für die Trocknung von Holzfasem und ähnlichen pflanzlichen Stoffen scheint dieser pneumatische Schleudertrockner mit Umgasbetrieb aber weniger geeignet zu sein.When drying mechanically insensitive goods, or if in a process anyway with comminution, centrifugal wave dryers are very Heat transfers reached. Due to the very good separation of the dry goods, almost the entire specific outer surface of the dry material with high turbulence available for mass and heat exchange. An interesting spin dryer claims EP 0 862 718 B1 (APV ANHYDRO). This pneumatic heated indirectly with gas Centrifugal tumble dryers combine an axially standing centrifugal shaft in one container with a classifying current dryer. Here granules are defined from a suspension Grain produced. For drying wood fibers and similar vegetable substances this pneumatic tumble dryer with gas operation seems to be less suitable.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung für die indirekte Trocknung pneumatisch förderbarer Güter, insbesondere für Holzfasem und ähnliche pflanzliche Stoffe, bei sehr guter Vereinzelung des Trockengutes und Verwendung der Wand des Trockenraumes als Wärmetauscher.The object of the present invention is a method and a device for indirect Drying of pneumatically conveyable goods, in particular for wood fibers and similar vegetable Fabrics with very good separation of the dry goods and use of the wall of the drying room as a heat exchanger.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist in Patentanspruch 1 angegeben.The solution to this problem is specified in claim 1.

In Figur 1 sind die wesentlichen Elemente der Erfindung dargestellt: Der aus Saugzug 3, Saugrohr 4 und Fallrohr 5 bestehende Schleifenreaktor steht in einem Ofen 6. Das Gut 1 wird naß aufgegeben und den Schleudertrockner verläßt Brüdendampf und getrocknetes Gut 2.In Figure 1, the essential elements of the invention are shown: The suction 3, The suction tube 4 and the downpipe 5 of the existing loop reactor are in an oven 6. The material 1 gets wet abandoned and the spin dryer leaves vapor and dried goods 2.

Der erfindungsgemäße pneumatische Schleudertrockner vereinigt den sehr guten Wärmeübergang des Schleudertrockners mit dem sehr einfachen Regelverhalten des Schleifenreaktors, welches näherungsweise dem des idealen Rührkessels entspricht. Als Stromtrockner ist er insbesondere für die Trocknung schwer handhabbarer Güter wie Holzfasem und ähnliche pflanzliche Stoffe geeignet. Im Gegensatz zu den heute gebräuchlichen Lösungen indirekt beheizter Stromtrockner entfällt aber der aufwendige Eintrag der Verdampfungswäreme über einen Brüdenkreislauf mit verschiedenen Apparaten und die für geringe Überhitzung der Brüden erforderliche extrem hohe Gasumwälzung bzw. die für geringere Umwälzung erforderliche hohe Brüdenüberhitzung mit Produktzersetzung. Nach Patentanspruch 2 steht der Schleudertrockner direkt in einem Ofen. Das ausgebrannte Rauchgas wird durch die Rezirkulation schlagartig auf Ofentemperatur von z.B. 450 °C abgekühlt und den an der Reaktorwand überhitzten Brüden von z.B. 150 °C wird sofort durch den Trockenprozeß wieder Wärme entzogen. Für 1 kg Wasserverdampfung werden z.B. 10 kg Brüden umgewälzt. Die voneinander unabhängigen Verweilzeiten des Trockengutes und der Brüden betragen üblicher Weise 10 bis 300 Sekunden.The pneumatic centrifugal dryer according to the invention combines the very good heat transfer the centrifugal dryer with the very simple control behavior of the loop reactor, which corresponds approximately to that of the ideal stirred tank. As a current dryer, it is special for drying goods that are difficult to handle, such as wood fiber and similar vegetable Suitable for fabrics. In contrast to the solutions commonly used today, indirectly heated electricity dryers However, there is no need to enter the heat of vaporization via a vapor circuit with various devices and the extreme required for low overheating of the vapors high gas circulation or the high vapor superheating required for lower circulation Product decomposition. According to claim 2, the centrifugal dryer is located directly in an oven. The Burned-out flue gas is suddenly brought up to furnace temperature of e.g. 450 ° C cooled and the vapors overheated on the reactor wall of e.g. 150 ° C is immediately through heat is removed from the drying process. For 1 kg of water evaporation e.g. 10 kg Brothers circulated. The independent residence times of the dry goods and the vapors are usually 10 to 300 seconds.

Das Trockengut-Brüden-Gemisch wird im Schleifenreaktor mit einem Transportlaufrad umgewälzt, wie es aus dem Saugzug der pneumatischen Späneförderung bekannt ist. Das ist ein sehr robustes offenes Radialgebläse mit geschlossener Rückseite, an dem nichts hängen bleibt. Beim Durchgang durch das Transportlaufrad und beim Schleudem gegen die Reaktorwand wird das Trockengut sehr gut vereinzelt, wie in jedem Schleudertrockner. Die im Fallrohr durch Fliehkraft an der Reaktorwand reibenden Trockengut-Teilchen bewirken eine dünne PRANDTLsche Grenzschicht und damit einen hervorragenden Wärmeübergang von der Wand auf die umgewälzten Brüden.The dry material-vapor mixture is circulated in the loop reactor with a transport impeller, as is known from the suction of pneumatic chip conveyance. That is a very robust open radial fan with closed back, on which nothing gets stuck. At the Passage through the transport impeller and when skidding against the reactor wall becomes that Dried goods very well isolated, as in every spin dryer. The in the downpipe due to centrifugal force Dry material particles rubbing the reactor wall create a thin PRANDTL boundary layer and thus an excellent heat transfer from the wall to the circulating vapors.

Bei innerer Umwälzung ist das in diesem Fall in einem Schleifenreaktor vorhandene Leitrohr als Saugrohr ausgebildet, der Saugzug sitzt direkt auf dem Saugrohr und schleudert das Trockengut freiblasend gegen die als Wärmetauscher fungierende Reaktorwand. Zur Vergrößerung der Wärmetauscherfläche ist es vorteilhaft, mit mehreren Fallrohren zu arbeiten, die über einen Verteilerkopf absolut gleichmäßig beschickt werden.In the case of internal circulation, this is present in a loop reactor in this case Guide tube designed as an intake manifold, the suction pipe sits directly on the intake manifold and hurls it Free-blowing dry material against the reactor wall, which acts as a heat exchanger. For enlargement the heat exchanger surface, it is advantageous to work with several downpipes that over a distributor head can be loaded absolutely evenly.

Grundsätzlich kann der erfindungsgemäße Schleudertrockner auch mittels Saugzug unten betrieben werden, wobei das Transportlaufrad gleichzeitig Bodenrührwerk sein kann. In diesem Fall erfolgt eine äußere Umwälzung des Trockengut-Brüden-Gemisches. Diese Ausführung, bei der die gesamte Maschinentechnik ebenerdig angebracht ist, kann für kleinere Trockner sehr vorteilhaft sein.In principle, the centrifugal dryer according to the invention can also be operated at the bottom by means of suction be operated, the transport impeller can also be a floor agitator. In this In this case there is an external circulation of the dry material / vapor mixture. This version, at that the entire machine technology is at ground level can be very advantageous for smaller dryers his.

Im Inneren des erfindungsgemäßen pneumatischen Schleudertrockners wird die Wärme von der Trocknerwand ohne große Überhitzung der Brüden an des Trockengut transportiert. Durch die thermische Trägheit der Trocknerwand kann bei Störung der Beschickung mit Trockengut sehr schnell eine den gesamten Trockenraum erreichende Notkühlung mit eingedüstem Wasser erfolgen. Damit kann das besondere Brandrisiko des Trocknungsvorganges pflanzlicher Stoffe praktisch ausgeschlossen werden. Wenn es dennoch einmal zum Brand kommen sollte, wird dieser durch Abschiebem aller Öffnungen einfach erstickt. Sollte einmal unzulässiger Überdruck aufgebaut werden, wird dieser über Druckentlastungsklappen abgebaut.Inside the pneumatic centrifugal dryer according to the invention, the heat transported from the dryer wall to the dry goods without much overheating of the vapors. By The thermal inertia of the dryer wall can be very high if the loading of dry goods is disrupted Emergency cooling with injected water quickly reaching the entire drying room. This can make the special fire risk of drying vegetable substances practical be excluded. If there is a fire, it will simply suffocated by pushing off all openings. Should inadmissible excess pressure build up are removed via pressure relief flaps.

Der pneumatische Schleudertrockner läßt sich sehr gut nach der Innentemperatur des Schleifenreaktors regeln. Die Restfeuchte korreliert für ein gegebenes Produkt sehr gut mit dieser Temperatur. Zum Anfahren wird der Trockner auf die Betriebstemperatur vorgeheizt und dann wird langsam nasses Trockengut aufgegeben in solcher Menge, daß die Innentemperatur ständig im Soll-Wert-Bereich bleibt. Dabei wird die Gutaufgabe stetig erhöht, bis die Ofenwand voll aufgeheizt ist und die volle Feuerungsleistung für die Trocknung verfügbar ist. Zum Abfahren wird die Feuerung eingestellt und solange mit abnehmender Beschickung weiter getrocknet, bis gefahrlos abgeschaltet werden kann. Der Trockner kann auch durch Verdampfung eingedüsten Wassers schnell entleert und abgekühlt werden.The pneumatic centrifugal dryer can be very well adjusted to the inside temperature of the Regulate loop reactor. The residual moisture correlates very well with a given product Temperature. To start up, the dryer is preheated to the operating temperature and then Slowly wet dry material is added in such an amount that the internal temperature is constant in the The target value range remains. The feed is continuously increased until the furnace wall is fully heated and the full firing capacity is available for drying. The furnace is used to shut down set and continue to dry with decreasing loading until it is safely switched off can be. The dryer can also quickly evaporate through injected water be emptied and cooled.

Zur Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung kann der pneumatische Schleudertrockner mittels Abgas einer Gasturbine beheizt werden oder mit Abdampf eines Dampfmotors, einer Gegendruckturbine oder einer Entnahme-Kondensationsturbine. Für Dampfbeheizung können die Fallrohre auch als Doppelmantelrohre ausgeführt werden. Für Dampf einer organischen Flüssigkeit kann der pneumatische Schleudertrockner als Kondensator eines ORC-Kraftwerkes verwendet werden.For combined heat and power, the pneumatic centrifugal dryer can use an exhaust gas Gas turbine are heated or with steam from a steam engine, a back pressure turbine or an extraction condensation turbine. The downpipes can also be used as double jacket pipes for steam heating be carried out. For the vapor of an organic liquid, the pneumatic Spin dryer can be used as a condenser of an ORC power plant.

Besonders geeignet ist der erfindungsgemäße Schleudertrockner für die dezentrale Verarbeitung nachwachsender Rohstoffe. Hierfür haben die Anlagen vorzugsweise eine Feuerungsleistung von 0,3 bis 3 MW. Eine hohe Wirtschaftlichkeit wird dabei durch Verfeuerung von Biomasse erreicht. So kann z.B. bei der Herstellung von Holzfasern mittels Doppelschneckenextruder der Firma LEHMANN MASCHINENBAU GMBH JOCKETA aus nassen Holzhackschnitzeln aus Ganzbaumemte der Feinanteil, welcher einen hohen Anteil an Rinde und an Nadeln bzw. Laub enthält, durch Windsichten abgetrennt und direkt in einer Vorofenfeuerung verbrannt werden. Der Windsichter kann dabei auf den jeweils momentanen Brennstoffbedarf eingestellt werden. In diesem Fall gibt es nur eine gemeinsame Linie für Rohstoff und Brennstoff.The centrifugal dryer according to the invention is particularly suitable for decentralized processing renewable raw materials. For this purpose, the systems preferably have a firing capacity from 0.3 to 3 MW. A high level of profitability is achieved by burning biomass reached. For example, in the production of wood fibers using a twin screw extruder The company LEHMANN MASCHINENBAU GMBH JOCKETA from wet wood chips from whole construction the fine fraction, which contains a high proportion of bark and needles or leaves, separated by air sifting and burned directly in a front furnace. The wind sifter can be adjusted to the current fuel requirement. In this case there is only one common line for raw material and fuel.

In dem erfindungsgemäßen pneumatischen Schleudertrockner wird das Trockengut wie in jedem Schleudertrockner sehr gut vereinzelt, so daß in der Regel nahezu die gesamte spezifische Oberfläche des Trockengutes für den Stoff- und Wärmeaustausch mit den Brüden zur Verfügung steht und durch die hohen Turbulenzen sehr gute Stoff- und Wärmeübergänge erreicht werden. Bis zur Knickpunktfeuchte ist der geschwindigkeitsbestimmende Schritt der Wärmeeintrag in den Trockner. Für Trocknung bis zur Knickpunktfeuchte ist daher das Verweilzeitverhalten des einfachen Rührkessels ausreichend. Für weitergehende Trocknung, wie sie etwa für die Spanplattenverleimung erforderlich ist, können auch zwei oder mehr Trockner als Kaskade in Reihe geschaltet werden, um nur für die diffusionskontrollierte Endtrocknung unterhalb der Knickpunktfeuchte höhere Temperaturen im Trockner zu fahren. Auch können in der Haupttrocknung zwei oder mehr Schleudertrockner parallel arbeiten und mit einem gemeinsamen Schleudertrockner für die Endtrocknung in Reihe geschaltet sein.In the pneumatic centrifugal dryer according to the invention, the dry material is as in each spin dryer very well isolated, so that usually almost the entire specific Surface of the dry material is available for mass and heat exchange with the vapors stands and very good mass and heat transfers can be achieved due to the high turbulence. To to the kink moisture is the speed-determining step the heat input in the Dryer. For drying up to the break point moisture, the retention time behavior is therefore the simple one Mixing kettle sufficient. For further drying, such as for particle board gluing is necessary, two or more dryers can be cascaded in series to be higher only for the diffusion-controlled final drying below the kink point moisture Driving temperatures in the dryer. Also, two or more can be used in the main drying Spin dryer work in parallel and with a common spin dryer for final drying be connected in series.

Das aus dem Schleudertrockner ausgeschleuste Trockengut kann mit Luft pneumatisch abtransportiert werden. Dabei wird die fühlbare Wärme des Trockengutes noch für eine Nachtrocknung durch Verdunstungskühlung genutzt. Noch besser ist der Wirkungsgrad, wenn die Transportluft vorher mit Abwärme aufgeheizt wird. Die verbrauchte Transportluft wird vorteilhaft als Verbrennungsluft in der Feuerung des Trockners genutzt. Bei brennbaren Trockengut, wie pflanzlichen Materialien ist dann keine weitere Entstaubung nach dem Produktabscheider mehr erforderlich. Der Wasserdampf aus der Nachtrocknung muß zwar mit den Rauchgasen auf Abgastemperatur aufgeheizt werden, das erfordert aber nur einen Bruchteil der eingesparten Verdampfungswärme.The dry material discharged from the centrifugal dryer can be pneumatic with air be transported away. The sensible warmth of the dry material is then used for subsequent drying used by evaporative cooling. The efficiency is even better if the Transport air is previously heated with waste heat. The used transport air is advantageous as Combustion air used in the dryer furnace. In the case of flammable dry matter, such as vegetable No further dedusting is then required after the product separator. The water vapor from the after-drying must be at the exhaust gas temperature with the flue gases be heated, but this only requires a fraction of the evaporation heat saved.

Der pneumatische Schleudertrockner wird vorzugsweise auch pneumatisch beschickt. Wenn dafür Transportluft verwendet wird, sinkt zwar der Wasserdampfpartialdruck im Trockner, was für die Trocknung vorteilhaft ist, aber ebenso sinkt auch die Taupunkttemperatur der Brüden, was für die Abwärmenutzung nachteilig ist. Brüdendampf sollte als Transportgas überhitzt werden, um Taupunktunterschreitungen zu vermeiden. Durch eine solche Brüdenüberhitzung mit einem Abgaskühler wird der Wirkungsgrad verbessert. Der pneumatische Schleudertrockner kann aber z.B. auch mit einer Förderschnecke beschickt werden.The pneumatic centrifugal dryer is preferably also fed pneumatically. If transport air is used for this, the water vapor partial pressure in the dryer drops, which is beneficial for drying, but also reduces the dew point temperature of the vapors, which is disadvantageous for the use of waste heat. Vapor vapor should be overheated as a transport gas, to avoid falling below the dew point. Through such vapor overheating with one Exhaust gas cooler improves efficiency. The pneumatic centrifugal dryer can, however e.g. can also be fed with a screw conveyor.

Brüdendampf mit hoher Taupunkttemperatur ist bekanntlich sehr gut für die Abwärmenutzung geeignet. Oft fehlt aber der Wärmebedarf am Anfallort. Zur Trocknung vorgesehene nachwachsende Rohstoffe sind oftmals naß. In diesem Fall kann es vorteilhaft sein, die Rohstoffe mit Brüdendampf zu dämpfen, um die Aufheizung im Trockner einzusparen. Das beim Dämpfen ablaufende Wasser ist in der Regel sehr gut biologisch zu reinigen. Ein solcher Dämpfer bewirkt gleichzeitig eine Entstaubung der Brüden.Vapor vapor with a high dew point temperature is known to be very good for waste heat recovery suitable. Often, however, there is no heat requirement at the place of occurrence. Renewable intended for drying Raw materials are often wet. In this case it can be advantageous to use the raw materials Steam vapor to save heating in the dryer. The thing that happens when steaming Water is usually very easy to clean biologically. Such a damper causes at the same time dust removal from the vapors.

Der Brüdendampf kann aber z.B. auch in einem Luftkühler kondensiert werden, der nicht kondensierte Anteil direkt oder indirekt der Feuerung zugeführt werden und die erhitzte Luft kann zur Vor- oder Nachtrocknung verwendet werden. So kann gehäckseltes Grünfutter im pneumatischen Schleudertrockner vorgetrocknet und auf einem Bandtrockner nachgetrocknet werden. Das Grünfutter wird nach Vortrocknung wesentlich besser durchlüftet und die Heizenergie wird hier zweimal genutzt. Oder Holzhackschnitzel werden für die Herstellung von Brennstoffpellets in Silos mit Bodenbelüftung durch diese warme Luft vorgetrocknet, in einer Hammermühle zerkleinert, im pneumatischen Schleudertrockner getrocknet und dann pelletiert.The vapor vapor can e.g. can also be condensed in an air cooler that doesn't condensed portion can be fed directly or indirectly to the furnace and the heated air can can be used for pre- or post-drying. For example, chopped green fodder in the pneumatic Spin dryer pre-dried and post-dried on a belt dryer. The Green fodder is aerated much better after predrying and the heating energy is here used twice. Or wood chips are used for the production of fuel pellets in silos with floor ventilation pre-dried by this warm air, crushed in a hammer mill, in pneumatic tumble dryer dried and then pelletized.

Beispiel 1: Anlage und Verfahren zur Verarbeitung von Holzhackschnitzeln zu Holzfasern mit Trocknung in einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Trockners.Example 1: Plant and method for processing wood chips into wood fibers with drying in one embodiment of the dryer according to the invention.

Die wichtigsten Abmessungen sind in etwa: Acht Fallrohre 508 x 8 mm mit 12.750 mm Fallhöhe. Das Saugrohr 406,4 x 12 mm, der Verteilerkopf aus quadratischem Hohlprofil 150 x 10 mm und halbkugelförmige Sammelvorrichtung 2.600 mm Durchmesser, 1.300 mm Höhe und 10 mm Wandstärke. Dieser Schleifenreaktor ist aus Werkstoff St 37-2 gefertigt. Die Ofenwand hat einen Innendurchmesser von 2.400 mm und einen Außendurchmesser von 3.000 mm und ist mit mineralischer Dämmwolle auf etwa 100 kg/m3 ausgestopft. Die Innenseite der Ofenwand besteht aus einem 1 mm starken Blechmantel aus Werkstoff 1.4713, der zur Versteifung und zur Längenkompensation mit Quersicken versehen ist. Die Brennkammer für eine Holzeinblasfeuerung und alle thermisch hoch belasteten Ofeneinbauten sind aus Werkstoff 1.4762 gefertigt. Die gesamte Wärmetauscherfläche beträgt etwa 180 m2. Die maximale Verdampfungsleistung beträgt für Wasser je nach Gut und Wandtemperatur ca. 1.200 bis 2.400 kg/h. Danach wird die Feuerungsleistung je nach den konkreten Gegebenheiten auf 0,99 bis 2,7 MW ausgelegt, wobei grundsätzlich jeder Brennstoff möglich ist. Der spezifische Stromverbrauch des Saugzuges beträgt 0,01 bis 0,06 kWh/kg Wasserverdampfung. Der Schleifenreaktor mit Ofenwand ist das größte Einzelteil für die Montage und bereitet mit 3.000 x 3.000 x 16.000 mm Abmessung keinerlei Probleme für den Straßentransport.The most important dimensions are: Eight downpipes 508 x 8 mm with 12,750 mm drop height. The suction pipe 406.4 x 12 mm, the distributor head made of square hollow profile 150 x 10 mm and hemispherical collecting device 2,600 mm diameter, 1,300 mm height and 10 mm wall thickness. This loop reactor is made of material St 37-2. The furnace wall has an inner diameter of 2,400 mm and an outer diameter of 3,000 mm and is stuffed with mineral insulating wool to about 100 kg / m 3 . The inside of the furnace wall consists of a 1 mm thick sheet metal jacket made of material 1.4713, which is provided with cross beads for reinforcement and length compensation. The combustion chamber for a wood blowing furnace and all thermally highly stressed furnace internals are made of material 1.4762. The total heat exchanger area is approximately 180 m 2 . The maximum evaporation capacity for water is approx. 1,200 to 2,400 kg / h depending on the material and wall temperature. Then the firing capacity is designed for 0.99 to 2.7 MW, depending on the specific circumstances, whereby basically any fuel is possible. The specific power consumption of the induced draft is 0.01 to 0.06 kWh / kg water evaporation. The loop reactor with furnace wall is the largest single part for assembly and, with dimensions of 3,000 x 3,000 x 16,000 mm, does not pose any problems for road transport.

Die nassen Hackschnitzel werden aus dem Bunker mittels Schubboden ausgetragen zum Windsichter, wo der Feinanteil nach dem jeweiligen Wärmebedarf des Trockners mittels Transportluft ausgetragen und in eine Vorofenfeuerung eingeblasen wird.The wet wood chips are discharged from the bunker to the moving floor Air classifier, where the fine fraction is based on the heat demand of the dryer using transport air is discharged and blown into a front furnace.

Die vom Feingut abgetrennten Hackschnitzel gelangen über ein Förderband in den Dämpfer, wo das grobkörnige Haufwerk gut von Brüdendampf durchströmt wird. Die kondensierten Brüden und das aus den Hackschnitzeln abgelaufene Wasser werden einer biologischen Reinigung zugeführt. Aus den in Dämpfer entstaubten Brüden wird je nach sonstigen Wärmebedarf in einem Kondensator Abwärme mit 80 °C Vorlauftemperatur zurückgewonnen.The wood chips separated from the fines reach the Damper, where the coarse-grained heap is well flowed through by vapor. The condensed Vapors and the water drained from the wood chips are subjected to biological purification fed. The vapors dedusted in the damper become, depending on the other heat requirements a condenser recovered waste heat with a flow temperature of 80 ° C.

Die gedämpften heißen Hackschnitzel werden einen Doppelschneckenextruder der Firma LEHMANN MASCHINENBAU GMBH JOCKETA zur Zerfaserung zugeführt und gelangen von dort mit einer Förderschnecke in das Saugrohr des Trockners.The steamed hot wood chips become a twin-screw extruder from the company LEHMANN MASCHINENBAU GMBH JOCKETA fed to the defibration and get from there with a Screw conveyor in the suction pipe of the dryer.

Im Schleudertrockner wird das Holzfaser-Brüden-Gemisch an der tiefsten Stelle der Sammelvorrichtung vom Saugrohr angesaugt, wobei oberhalb der Sammelvorrichtung in das Saugrohr auch das frische Material zugeführt wird. Oberhalb des Saugrohres ist ein Transportlaufrad, wie es aus der Späneförderung bekannt ist, mit senkrecht stehender Achse im Verteilerkopf hängend angebracht. Der Verteilerkopf entspricht dem Gehäuse eines Radialgebläses mit dem Unterschied, daß er mehrere um eine Symmetriedrehachse angeordnete Abgänge besitzt, hier acht Stück. Das Transportlaufrad schleudert das angesaugte Holzfaser-Brüden-Gemisch durch die Abgänge des Verteilerkopfes mit tangentialem Eintritt in die Fallrohre, wo die Holzfasem gegen die Wand geschleudert auf einer Spiralbahn abwärts fallen und gemeinsam mit den umgewälzten Brüden in die Sammelvorrichtung gelangen, wo sie wieder angesaugt werden.In the centrifugal dryer, the wood fiber / vapor mixture is at the lowest point of the collecting device sucked in by the intake manifold, being above the collecting device in the intake manifold also the fresh material is fed. Above the suction pipe is a transport wheel like this is known from the chip production, hanging with a vertical axis in the distributor head appropriate. The distributor head corresponds to the housing of a radial fan with the difference that that it has several outlets arranged around an axis of symmetry, here eight. The Transport impeller throws the aspirated wood fiber / vapor mixture through the outlets of the Distribution head with tangential entry into the downpipes, where the wood fibers are thrown against the wall fall down on a spiral path and together with the circulated vapors into the Arrive collection device where they are sucked again.

Am Boden der Sammelvorrichtung sorgt ein Bodenrührwerk dafür, daß sich kein Holzfaserstoff absetzt und dafür, daß ständig Holzfasem in den Abgang transportiert werden, von wo sie mit den Brüden zum Zyklonabscheider gelangen.A floor agitator at the bottom of the collecting device ensures that there is no wood pulp and for the fact that wood fibers are constantly transported into the outlet from where they are reach the cyclone separator with the vapors.

Die Einblasfeuerung ist als Vorofen ausgebildet, damit bei dem Feinanteil der nassen Hackschnitzel die für eine saubere Verbrennung notwendige Brennkammertemperatur erreicht wird. Der eigentliche Ofenraum des Schleudertrockners steht auf der halbkugelförmigen Sammelvorrichtung des Schleifenreaktors und umhüllt den gesamten übrigen Teil des Schleifenreaktors, bis auf den Antrieb des Transportlaufrades. Die etwa 400 °C heißen Abgase des Ofens werden im Luftvorwärmer auf etwa 200 °C Schomsteintemperatur abgekühlt.The blow-in firing is designed as a pre-furnace, so that the fine fraction is wet Wood chips reach the combustion chamber temperature necessary for clean combustion becomes. The actual oven space of the centrifugal dryer stands on the hemispherical collecting device of the loop reactor and envelops the entire remaining part of the loop reactor, except for the drive of the transport wheel. The hot exhaust gases from the furnace are heated to around 400 ° C Air preheater cooled to about 200 ° C chimney temperature.

Beispiel 2: Verfahren zur Herstellung von Brennstoffpellets aus nassen Sägespänen.Example 2: Process for the production of fuel pellets from wet sawdust.

Von einem regelbaren Beschickungsband wird der pneumatische Schleudertrockner über eine Zellenradschleuse in einem pneumatischen Baypass mit Sägespänen beschickt. In einem Zyklonabscheider werden die getrockneten Sägespäne von den Brüden getrennt und über eine Zellenradschleuse direkt einer Pelletpresse der Firma MÖNCH, RATINGEN zugeführt. Der optimale Trocknungsgrad der Sägespäne wird nach dem Aussehen der Pellets beurteilt und! die Geschwindigkeit des Beschickungsbandes entsprechend erhöht oder verringert. Durch die Heißdamp-Kurzzeit-Trocknung entfällt die sonst erforderliche Konditionierung und der Zwischenpuffer. Beispiel 3: Verfahren zur energieautarken Klärschlammtrocknung mit direkter Verbrennung und optionaler Phospatrückgewinnung.The pneumatic centrifugal dryer is moved by an adjustable loading belt a rotary valve in a pneumatic bay pass loaded with sawdust. In one Cyclone separators separate the dried sawdust from the vapors and through a Cell rotary valve fed directly to a pellet press from MÖNCH, RATINGEN. The optimal one The degree of dryness of the sawdust is assessed according to the appearance of the pellets and! the speed the feed belt increased or decreased accordingly. Due to the hot steam short-time drying the otherwise necessary conditioning and the intermediate buffer are omitted. Example 3: Process for energy self-sufficient sewage sludge drying with direct combustion and optional phosphate recovery.

Die organische Trockensubstanz (oTS) von kommunalem Klärschlamm hat etwa den Heizwert wie trockenes Holz. Mit Filterpressen oder Zentrifugen mechanisch entwässerter Klärschlamm mit mindestens 20 % oTS kann daher autotherm verbrannt werden. Nach dem Stand der Technik wird der Klärschlamm dazu getrocknet und das Trockengut kann für die Beheizung des Trockners verbrannt werden. Da der Klärschlamm beim Trocknen eine sogenannte Leimphase durchläuft, muß er für die Trocknung in Konvektionstrocknem durch Rückvermischung mit Trokkengut auf über 60 % TS eingestellt werden. Durch die innere Produktrückführung ist der erfindungsgemäße pneumatische Schleudertrockner hierfür bestens geeignet. In die Sammelvorrichtung wird ein Knetwerk eingebaut, welches die Vermischung zu krümeliger Konsistenz bewirkt.The organic dry matter (oTS) of municipal sewage sludge has about that Heating value like dry wood. Sewage sludge mechanically dewatered with filter presses or centrifuges with at least 20% oTS can therefore be burned autothermally. According to the state of the Technology, the sewage sludge is dried and the dry material can be used to heat the Dryer can be burned. As the sewage sludge dries a so-called glue phase passes through, it has to be dried in convection dryers by backmixing with dry goods can be set to over 60% TS. Due to the internal product return is the invention pneumatic centrifugal dryers are ideally suited for this. In the collecting device a kneader is installed, which causes the mixture to have a crumbly consistency.

Der staubförmige trockene Klärschlamm wird in einem Zyklon vom Brüdendampf grob getrennt und mit vorgewärmter Luft in einen Wirbelstrombrenner der GIV MBH, HALLE sehr sauber verbrannt. Die staubigen Brüden werden direkt der Sekundärbrennkammer zugeführt und somit thermisch gereinigt. Mit den vollständig ausgebrannten Rauchgasen wird der Dampferzeuger beheizt. Der Dampfmotor des Stromerzeugers wird mit 16 bar Gegendruck betrieben und der Trockner fungiert als Kondensator.The dust-like dry sewage sludge is roughly separated from the vapor in a cyclone and with preheated air in an eddy current burner from GIV MBH, HALLE very clean burned. The dusty vapors are fed directly to the secondary combustion chamber and thus thermally cleaned. The steam generator is heated with the completely burned-out smoke gases. The steam engine of the generator is operated at 16 bar back pressure and the dryer acts as a capacitor.

Durch die Monoverbrennung kann die Asche von Klärschlamm ohne Schwermetallbelastung direkt als biocidfreier Phosphatdünger verwendet werden, ansonsten ist eine weitergehende Aufbereitung für die Phosphatrückgewinnung erforderlich.The ashes of sewage sludge can be removed without heavy metal pollution by mono-combustion can be used directly as a biocide-free phosphate fertilizer, otherwise there is a more extensive one Treatment for phosphate recovery required.

Claims (10)

Verfahren zum Trocknen pneumatisch geförderter Güter mit einem indirekt beheizten Schleifenreaktor, in welchem das Trockengut-Brüden-Gemisch mittels Transportlaufrad in solcher Weise pneumatisch umgewälzt wird, daß das Trockengut im Fallstrom durch Zentrifugalkraft gegen die als Wärmetauscher fungierende Reaktorwand geschleudert wird.Process for drying pneumatically conveyed goods with an indirectly heated Loop reactor, in which the dry material-vapor mixture by means of a transport impeller in such Pneumatically circulated that the dry material in the downflow against centrifugal force the reactor wall functioning as a heat exchanger is flung. Vorrichtung für das Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 mit einem Schleifenreaktor, der direkt in einem Ofen steht, welcher mit einer Feuerung oder mit heißen Abgasen beheizbar ist.Apparatus for the method of claim 1 with a loop reactor which is directly in a furnace that can be heated with a furnace or with hot exhaust gases. Vorrichtung für das Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei welcher der Schleifenreaktor indirekt mit Dampf beheizbar ist.The apparatus for the method of claim 1, wherein the loop reactor is indirect can be heated with steam. Vorrichtung für das Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei welcher der Schleifenreaktor im Wesentlichen aus einem stehenden zylindrischen Behälter und einem freiblasenden Saugzug mit Saugrohr besteht, wobei der Saugzug so angeordnet ist, daß mittels Saugrohr über dem Boden des Behälters Trockengut-Brüden-Gemisch ansaugt werden kann und durch das freiblasende Transportlaufrad des Saugzuges Trockengut gegen den obersten Teil der Wand des zylindrichen Behälters geschleudert werden kann.The apparatus for the method of claim 1, wherein the loop reactor in Essentially consisting of a standing cylindrical container and a free-blowing suction draft There is an intake manifold, the intake manifold being arranged in such a way that an intake manifold over the floor of the container dry-vapor mixture can be sucked in and through the free-blowing Transport impeller of the induced draft dry material against the top part of the wall of the cylindrical Container can be thrown. Vorrichtung für das Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Schleudertrockner mehrere Fallrohre besitzt, die oben über tangentiale Einströmöffnungen mit einem Verteilerkopf verbunden sind, welcher über eine Transportleitung mit der unter den Fallrohren angeordneten Sammelvorrichtung verbunden ist.The apparatus for the method of claim 1, wherein the spin dryer is plural Has downpipes connected to a distributor head at the top via tangential inflow openings are, which via a transport line with the collecting device arranged under the downpipes connected is. Vorrichtung für das Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 mit einem oder mehreren Bodenrührwerken zur Verhinderung von Ablagerungen am Boden des Schleifenreaktors und gegebenenfalls auch im unteren Teil des Saugrohres und gegebenenfalls auch mit Rührwerksbeschaufelung zur Beförderung von Trockengut zum Saugrohr und/oder zum Abgang.Device for the method according to claim 1 with one or more floor agitators to prevent deposits at the bottom of the loop reactor and, if necessary also in the lower part of the suction pipe and if necessary also with agitator blading Transport of dry goods to the suction pipe and / or to the outlet. Vorrichtung für das Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei zwei oder mehr Schleudertrockner eine Kaskade bilden.The apparatus for the method of claim 1, wherein two or more spin dryers to form a cascade. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 mit pneumatischer Zuführung des Trockengutes zum Schleudertrockner, wobei Brüdendampf als Transportmedium verwendet wird, der gegebenenfalls auch überhitzt werden kann, insbesondere in einem Abgaskühler.Method according to claim 1 with pneumatic supply of the dry material to Centrifugal dryer, vapor vapor being used as the transport medium, if necessary can also be overheated, especially in an exhaust gas cooler. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 mit Abführung der Kondensationswärme der Brüden, vorzugsweise mit Entsorgung des nicht kondensierten Anteils der Brüden über die Feuerung des Schleudertrockners.The method of claim 1 with removal of the heat of condensation of the vapors, preferably with disposal of the uncondensed portion of the vapors via the furnace of the Spin-dryer. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 mit nachgeschalteter pneumatischer Förderung zur Abwärmenutzung durch Verdunstungskühlung, wobei die verwendete Transportluft vorzugsweise der Feuerung des Schleudertrockners zugeführt wird.Method according to claim 1 with downstream pneumatic conveying for waste heat utilization by evaporative cooling, the transport air used preferably the Firing the centrifugal dryer is fed.
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DE10221367A1 (en) 2003-12-11
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DE50313317D1 (en) 2011-01-27
DE10221367B4 (en) 2006-05-11

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