EP1348871B1 - Low flow centrifugal pump with increased suction height - Google Patents

Low flow centrifugal pump with increased suction height Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1348871B1
EP1348871B1 EP03290780A EP03290780A EP1348871B1 EP 1348871 B1 EP1348871 B1 EP 1348871B1 EP 03290780 A EP03290780 A EP 03290780A EP 03290780 A EP03290780 A EP 03290780A EP 1348871 B1 EP1348871 B1 EP 1348871B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wheel
pump
fluid
cut
comprised
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EP03290780A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1348871A1 (en
Inventor
Jérôme Lemancel
Gérard Megnan
Stéphane Brousseau
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Wilo Salmson France SAS
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Pompes Salmson SAS
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Publication of EP1348871A1 publication Critical patent/EP1348871A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D9/00—Priming; Preventing vapour lock
    • F04D9/004—Priming of not self-priming pumps
    • F04D9/005—Priming of not self-priming pumps by adducting or recycling liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/18—Rotors
    • F04D29/22—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/2238—Special flow patterns
    • F04D29/225—Channel wheels, e.g. one blade or one flow channel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to hydraulic pumps and in particular hydraulic pumps for high suction and low flow rates.
  • a suction height greater than 4 meters is a large suction height. Furthermore, it is considered that a flow rate of less than 400 l / h is a low flow rate.
  • a high suction height and a low flow rate are operating conditions frequently encountered on pumps equipping rainwater recovery systems used to supply toilets or washing machines. Fluid flow rates are in these cases typically 50 to 400 l / h and suction heights are between 4 and 7 m.
  • GB-A-877 878 discloses a self-priming pump comprising a wheel provided at its periphery, in a radial direction, with a series of notches or irregularities to excite turbulence during priming. Such irregularities have little or no effect on the normal operation of the pump after priming.
  • JP-A-10 318180 discloses a self-priming pump, comprising a wheel, fluid passages isolated from each other by walls and stirring portions open on the surface of the inlet side of the fluid. These parts mix the fluid with the air on the inlet side of the fluid.
  • FR-A-742 839 discloses a pump rotor consisting of blades connected two by two by side cheeks so as to form closed channels.
  • a disadvantage associated with such wheels is that the bubbles do not have the largest possible dimension at a radial opening, so that their evacuation is not facilitated.
  • the pump wheels described above are not particularly adapted to be mounted in a pump with high suction height, that is to say greater than 4 meters.
  • these wheels are not particularly adapted to be mounted in a low flow pump, that is to say having a flow rate of between 50 and 400 l / h.
  • the pumps described above are also single-cell pumps, that is to say with a wheel in a volute.
  • the invention thus relates to the design of a new wheel for proper operation of the high suction pump and low flow, without hydro-ejector.
  • the invention thus relates to a hydraulic pump wheel comprising a fluid inlet on one face; a radial opening; at least one fluid channel joining the fluid inlet to the radial opening; a recess at the periphery of the wheel, on the other side of the wheel, offset angularly with respect to the opening.
  • the wheel of claim 1 characterized in that the angle of leakage, between the recess and the periphery of the wheel in the direction of rotation of the wheel, is between 10 and 40 ° and preferably between 15 and 25 °.
  • the angle of attack between the recess and the periphery of the wheel in the direction of rotation of the wheel is between 80 and 100 °.
  • the recess has, according to the axis of rotation of the wheel, a thickness of between 40 and 60% of the thickness of the channel.
  • the recess has a depth with a radius of between 9 and 14% of the diameter of the wheel.
  • the recess has an angular length corresponding to between 80 and 120% of the angular length of the fluid passage.
  • the blade defined between two adjacent channels has, in the vicinity of the fluid inlet, a radius of curvature of between 2 and 6 mm.
  • the wheel has a first flange on which the inlet is formed; a second flange on which the recess is formed; at least one blade and the first and second flanges delimiting one of said channels.
  • the channel has a divergence angle of between 7 and 15 °, preferably between 8 and 9 °.
  • the invention also relates to a pump having at least one such wheel.
  • the pump has a suction height greater than 4 meters.
  • the pump has a flow rate of between 50 and 400 l / h
  • the invention notably proposes a hydraulic pump wheel having an improved entrainment of gas bubbles present in a fluid.
  • the wheel comprises a fluid inlet on one face, a radial opening, at least one fluid channel joining the fluid inlet to the radial opening, a recess at the periphery of the wheel placed on the other side of the wheel and angularly offset from the aperture.
  • FIG. 1 represents a cross-sectional view of a pump 1 capable of receiving a wheel 2 according to the invention.
  • This pump 1 is of the multicellular type: it has several successive wheels 2 to 6, driven by a shaft 13, and separated by fixed return channels 7 to 10. The pump is designed to suck a fluid from the inlet 11 and repress it to the exhaust 12.
  • the wheel 2 is the wheel closest to the intake 11. It is therefore the wheel at which the fluid pressure is the lowest and therefore the wheel that must potentially cause the most bubbles.
  • the pump therefore uses at least one first wheel according to the invention. Although the embodiment of the pump described has several wheels, it is also possible within the scope of the invention to envisage a pump having a single wheel as described below.
  • Figures 2 and 3 show perspective views of the wheel 2.
  • the arrow shown in these figures represents the direction of rotation of the wheel 2 in the pump 1, in this case counter-clockwise by observing the wheel from the intake 11.
  • Figures 4 and 5 show cross-sectional views of the wheel 2 in different axial positions.
  • Figure 4 is a section of the wheel before the recess.
  • Figure 5 is a section of the wheel at the recess.
  • Figure 6 shows a section of the wheel along a plane containing the axis of the wheel.
  • the wheel has a fluid inlet 14, a radial opening 15 and at least one fluid channel 16 joining the fluid inlet 14 to the radial opening 15. The fluid sucked by the opening 14 thus passes through the channel 16, and is expelled from the wheel by the radial opening 15.
  • the wheel 2 has a recess 17 at the periphery of the wheel.
  • the recess is formed on a face of the wheel opposite the input face. This recess is offset angularly with respect to the radial opening. Due to this recess, the fluid flow is disturbed and the bubbles and the fluid are mixed at the periphery of the wheel. The bubbles present in the fluid are thus driven towards the outlet of the pump or the next wheel, if necessary.
  • the angular offset allows the recovery of the fluid leaving a radial opening 15 by a recess 17 arranged angularly following the opening.
  • the wheel has a fluid inlet face of the wheel formed by a first flange 18.
  • the wheel 2 also has a second flange 19, forming the fluid discharge face of the wheel, in which the recess 17 is realized.
  • Several blades 20 are arranged between the flanges 18 and 19.
  • the blades 20 define with the flanges 18 and 19 several channels 16.
  • the recess 17 preferably has a specific geometry, illustrated more precisely in FIG. 7.
  • the dashed lines represent the basic contour of a circular wheel 2.
  • the recess has a leading edge 21, which is angularly closest to an opening 15 associated with the recess 17. This is the leading edge in the direction of rotation of the wheel.
  • This leading edge preferably forms an angle of attack, represented by ⁇ , between 80 and 100 ° with the periphery of the wheel.
  • the periphery of the wheel is defined in the example by the circular contour of the wheel. This gives a good characteristic of driving the bubbles by the fluid.
  • the recess also has a trailing edge 22, which is angularly the furthest from the opening 15 associated with the recess 17. This is the trailing edge in the direction of rotation of the wheel.
  • This trailing edge preferably forms a trailing angle, represented by ⁇ , greater than 10 °. It can thus ensure training and thus expulsion of the effective bubbles.
  • the angle of leakage is preferably less than 40 ° in order to maintain good hydraulic efficiency of the wheel. In order to obtain even better hydraulic efficiency, the leakage angle is preferably less than 25 °. The best compromise found between the hydraulic efficiency and the bubble evacuation was obtained in the example with a leak angle of 20 °.
  • the recess preferably has a thickness along the axis of rotation of the wheel greater than 40% of the thickness of the channel along the same axis. Such a thickness makes it possible to drive enough fluid to evacuate the bubbles. A thickness along the axis of rotation of the wheel greater than 60% of the thickness of the channel along this same axis is also preferably used. Such a thickness makes it possible to maintain good hydraulic efficiency. The best compromise found between the hydraulic efficiency and the evacuation of the bubbles was obtained with a thickness along the wheel axis equal to 50% of the thickness of the channel along the same axis.
  • the recess preferably has a thickness with a radius of between 9 and 14% of the diameter of the wheel. The greater the thickness, the better the operation, to the detriment of hydraulic efficiency.
  • the recess preferably has an angular length corresponding to between 80 and 120% of the angular length of the fluid passage.
  • a specific geometry of a blade 20 is preferably such that it does not transform bubbles present at the fluid inlet into bubbles of smaller dimensions at the radial opening.
  • a blade is used between two adjacent channels having, in the vicinity of the inlet, a radius of curvature of between 2 and 6 mm. The bubbles thus have at the radial opening a highest possible dimension, so that their evacuation is facilitated.
  • a channel 16 whose divergence is small.
  • a channel 16 is preferably used whose divergence between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet is between 7 and 15 °. Divergence is expressed as the difference between the angular length at the inlet and at the radial opening. This maintains a good guiding fluid in the channel. As a result, the detachments are limited. Recirculations, causing braking bubbles to evacuate, are avoided.
  • a divergence between the inlet and the radial opening of between 8 and 9 ° is preferably used to further limit the detachments.
  • the wheel 2 is therefore particularly suitable for being mounted in a pump with a high suction height, that is to say greater than 4 meters.
  • This wheel is by elsewhere particularly suitable for being mounted in a low flow pump, that is to say having a flow rate of between 50 and 400 l / h.
  • the general problem of operating a pump with low flow rate and high suction height is different from that of the operation of a pump during priming or that of the efficiency of the pump.
  • the wheel 2 makes it possible to improve the operation of a pump with a low flow rate and a high suction height, that is to say in aerated water.
  • the wheel 2 can improve the evacuation of bubbles, for example air bubbles, in low flow operation and this, outside the priming period.
  • a pump having several wheels as described above is a multicellular pump. It can have several wheels with return channels and diffusers.
  • the pump may have, where appropriate, a fixed diffuser interposed between two wheels. This diffuser may be smooth or have fins in known manner.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)

Abstract

The pump consists of a number of wheels mounted on the same shaft, each wheel having two flange faces (19) which contain channels and blades. The channels and blades conduct a fluid from an entry at the wheel hub to an output orifice (15) at the periphery. A specifically profiled indentation (17) is located on the flange opposite to entry to drive bubbles

Description

L'invention concerne les pompes hydrauliques et en particulier les pompes hydrauliques pour grandes hauteurs d'aspiration et faible débit.The invention relates to hydraulic pumps and in particular hydraulic pumps for high suction and low flow rates.

On considère qu'une hauteur d'aspiration supérieure à 4 mètres est une grande hauteur d'aspiration. Par ailleurs, on considère qu'un débit inférieur à 400 l/h est un faible débit. Une hauteur d'aspiration élevée et un faible débit sont des conditions de fonctionnement fréquemment rencontrées sur des pompes équipant des systèmes de récupération d'eau de pluie servant à alimenter des sanitaires ou des machines à laver. Les débits de fluide sont dans de tels cas typiquement de 50 à 400 l/h et les hauteurs d'aspiration sont comprises entre 4 et 7 m.It is considered that a suction height greater than 4 meters is a large suction height. Furthermore, it is considered that a flow rate of less than 400 l / h is a low flow rate. A high suction height and a low flow rate are operating conditions frequently encountered on pumps equipping rainwater recovery systems used to supply toilets or washing machines. Fluid flow rates are in these cases typically 50 to 400 l / h and suction heights are between 4 and 7 m.

En aspiration, la pression à l'entrée d'une pompe est faible. La pression baisse parfois jusqu'à l'apparition de bulles d'air dans le fluide. La vitesse du fluide est réduite pour des faibles débits. Les bulles ne sont alors pas entraînées avec le fluide dans la pompe. On a alors parfois accumulation de bulles à l'entrée de la pompe. Le fluide ne peut alors plus s'écouler et la pression d'entrée chute. Cela génère alors un désamorçage de la pompe.In suction, the pressure at the inlet of a pump is low. The pressure sometimes drops until air bubbles appear in the fluid. The fluid velocity is reduced for low flow rates. The bubbles are then not entrained with the fluid in the pump. We sometimes have accumulation of bubbles at the pump inlet. The fluid can no longer flow and the inlet pressure drops. This then generates a defusing of the pump.

Il est également connu d'utiliser une pompe jet à hydro-éjecteur. Cette pompe est peu sensible au désamorçage dans des conditions de faible débit et de grande hauteur d'aspiration. Par contre, cette pompe est particulièrement bruyante, ce qui est particulièrement handicapant dans certaines applications.It is also known to use a hydro-ejector jet pump. This pump is not very sensitive to defusing under conditions of low flow and high suction height. By cons, this pump is particularly noisy, which is particularly disabling in some applications.

GB-A-877 878 divulgue une pompe d'auto-amorçage comprenant une roue pourvue à sa périphérie, dans une direction radiale, d'une série d'entailles ou d'irrégularités afin d'exciter la turbulence lors de l'amorçage. De telles irrégularités n'ont pas ou peu d'effets sur le fonctionnement normal de la pompe après l'amorçage.GB-A-877 878 discloses a self-priming pump comprising a wheel provided at its periphery, in a radial direction, with a series of notches or irregularities to excite turbulence during priming. Such irregularities have little or no effect on the normal operation of the pump after priming.

JP-A-10 318180 divulgue une pompe d'auto-amorçage, comprenant une roue, des passages de fluide isolés les uns des autres par des parois et des parties agitatrices ouvertes sur la surface du côté d'entrée du fluide. Ces parties mélangent le fluide avec l'air du côté d'entrée du fluide.JP-A-10 318180 discloses a self-priming pump, comprising a wheel, fluid passages isolated from each other by walls and stirring portions open on the surface of the inlet side of the fluid. These parts mix the fluid with the air on the inlet side of the fluid.

FR-A-742 839 divulgue un rotor de pompe constitué par des aubes reliées deux à deux par des joues latérales de manière à former des canaux fermés.FR-A-742 839 discloses a pump rotor consisting of blades connected two by two by side cheeks so as to form closed channels.

Un inconvénient lié à de telles roues est que les bulles ne présentent pas la dimension la plus élevée possible au niveau d'une ouverture radiale, de sorte que leur évacuation n'est pas facilitée.A disadvantage associated with such wheels is that the bubbles do not have the largest possible dimension at a radial opening, so that their evacuation is not facilitated.

En outre, les géométries de ces roues ne favorisent pas la récupération du fluide sortant d'une ouverture radiale des roues.In addition, the geometries of these wheels do not promote the recovery of fluid exiting a radial opening of the wheels.

Par ailleurs, les roues de pompes décrites ci-dessus ne sont pas particulièrement adaptées à être montées dans une pompe à grande hauteur d'aspiration, c'est-à-dire supérieure à 4 mètres.Moreover, the pump wheels described above are not particularly adapted to be mounted in a pump with high suction height, that is to say greater than 4 meters.

De plus, ces roues ne sont pas particulièrement adaptées à être montées dans une pompe à faible débit, c'est-à-dire présentant un débit compris entre 50 et 400 l/h.In addition, these wheels are not particularly adapted to be mounted in a low flow pump, that is to say having a flow rate of between 50 and 400 l / h.

Les pompes décrites ci-avant sont en outre des pompes monocellulaires, c'est-à-dire avec une roue dans une volute.The pumps described above are also single-cell pumps, that is to say with a wheel in a volute.

Il existe donc un besoin pour une roue et une pompe qui résolvent un ou plusieurs de ces problèmes.There is therefore a need for a wheel and pump that solve one or more of these problems.

L'invention a ainsi pour objet la conception d'une nouvelle roue permettant un fonctionnement correct de la pompe à grande hauteur d'aspiration et faible débit, sans hydro-éjecteur.The invention thus relates to the design of a new wheel for proper operation of the high suction pump and low flow, without hydro-ejector.

L'invention concerne ainsi une roue de pompe hydraulique comprenant une entrée de fluide sur une face; une ouverture radiale ; au moins un canal de fluide joignant l'entrée de fluide à l'ouverture radiale; un décrochement à la périphérie de la roue, sur l'autre face de la roue, décalé angulairement par rapport à l'ouverture.The invention thus relates to a hydraulic pump wheel comprising a fluid inlet on one face; a radial opening; at least one fluid channel joining the fluid inlet to the radial opening; a recess at the periphery of the wheel, on the other side of the wheel, offset angularly with respect to the opening.

Selon une variante, La roue de la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'angle de fuite, entre le décrochement et la périphérie de la roue dans le sens de rotation de la roue, est compris entre 10 et 40° et de préférence entre 15 et 25°.According to a variant, the wheel of claim 1, characterized in that the angle of leakage, between the recess and the periphery of the wheel in the direction of rotation of the wheel, is between 10 and 40 ° and preferably between 15 and 25 °.

Selon encore une variante, l'angle d'attaque, entre le décrochement et la périphérie de la roue dans le sens de rotation de la roue, est compris entre 80 et 100°.According to another variant, the angle of attack between the recess and the periphery of the wheel in the direction of rotation of the wheel is between 80 and 100 °.

Selon une autre variante, le décrochement présente, suivant l'axe de rotation de la roue, une épaisseur comprise entre 40 et 60% de l'épaisseur du canal.According to another variant, the recess has, according to the axis of rotation of the wheel, a thickness of between 40 and 60% of the thickness of the channel.

Selon encore une autre variante, le décrochement présente une profondeur suivant un rayon compris entre 9 et 14% du diamètre de la roue.According to yet another variant, the recess has a depth with a radius of between 9 and 14% of the diameter of the wheel.

On peut en outre prévoir que le décrochement présente une longueur angulaire correspondant à entre 80 et 120 % de la longueur angulaire du passage de fluide.It can further be provided that the recess has an angular length corresponding to between 80 and 120% of the angular length of the fluid passage.

Selon une variante, l'aube définie entre deux canaux adjacents présente au voisinage de l'entrée de fluide un rayon de courbure compris entre 2 et 6 mm.According to one variant, the blade defined between two adjacent channels has, in the vicinity of the fluid inlet, a radius of curvature of between 2 and 6 mm.

Selon encore une variante, la roue présente un premier flasque sur lequel l'entrée est ménagée ; un deuxième flasque sur lequel le décrochement est ménagé ; au moins une aube et les premiers et deuxième flasques délimitant un desdits canaux.According to another variant, the wheel has a first flange on which the inlet is formed; a second flange on which the recess is formed; at least one blade and the first and second flanges delimiting one of said channels.

Selon une autre variante, le canal présente un angle de divergence compris entre 7 et 15°, de préférence entre 8 et 9°.According to another variant, the channel has a divergence angle of between 7 and 15 °, preferably between 8 and 9 °.

L'invention a également pour objet une pompe présentant au moins une telle roue.The invention also relates to a pump having at least one such wheel.

Selon une variante, la pompe présente une hauteur d'aspiration supérieure à 4 mètres.According to one variant, the pump has a suction height greater than 4 meters.

Selon encore une variante, la pompe présente un débit compris entre 50 et 400 l/hAccording to another variant, the pump has a flow rate of between 50 and 400 l / h

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description qui suit des modes de réalisation de l'invention, donnés à titre d'exemple et en référence aux dessins annexés qui montrent

  • figure 1, une vue en section transversale d'un exemple de pompe dans laquelle on peut monter une roue selon l'invention ;
  • figure 2 et 3, des vues en perspective d'un exemple de roue de pompe selon l'invention ;
  • figure 4, une vue en section transversale avant un décrochement d'une face d'évacuation de la roue ;
  • figure 5, une vue en section transversale au niveau d'un décrochement d'une face d'évacuation de la roue ;
  • figure 6, une vue en section transversale suivant un plan comprenant l'axe de la roue ;
  • figure 7, un agrandissement d'un décrochement de la figure 5, représentant une géométrie préférentielle de ce décrochement.
Other features and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following description of the embodiments of the invention, given by way of example and with reference to the appended drawings which show
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary pump in which a wheel according to the invention can be mounted;
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are perspective views of an example of a pump wheel according to the invention;
  • Figure 4, a cross-sectional view before a recess of a discharge face of the wheel;
  • Figure 5, a cross-sectional view at a recess of a discharge face of the wheel;
  • Figure 6, a cross-sectional view along a plane comprising the axis of the wheel;
  • Figure 7, an enlargement of a recess of Figure 5, showing a preferred geometry of this recess.

L'invention propose notamment une roue de pompe hydraulique présentant un entraînement amélioré des bulles de gaz présentes dans un fluide. La roue comprend une entrée de fluide sur une face, une ouverture radiale, au moins un canal de fluide joignant l'entrée de fluide à l'ouverture radiale, un décrochement à la périphérie de la roue placé sur l'autre face de la roue et décalé angulairement par rapport à l'ouverture.The invention notably proposes a hydraulic pump wheel having an improved entrainment of gas bubbles present in a fluid. The wheel comprises a fluid inlet on one face, a radial opening, at least one fluid channel joining the fluid inlet to the radial opening, a recess at the periphery of the wheel placed on the other side of the wheel and angularly offset from the aperture.

La figure 1 représente une vue en section transversale d'une pompe 1 susceptible de recevoir une roue 2 selon l'invention. Cette pompe 1 est du type multicellulaire : elle présente plusieurs roues successives 2 à 6, entraînées par un arbre 13, et séparées par des canaux de retour fixes 7 à 10. La pompe est prévue pour aspirer un fluide provenant de l'admission 11 et le refouler à l'échappement 12.FIG. 1 represents a cross-sectional view of a pump 1 capable of receiving a wheel 2 according to the invention. This pump 1 is of the multicellular type: it has several successive wheels 2 to 6, driven by a shaft 13, and separated by fixed return channels 7 to 10. The pump is designed to suck a fluid from the inlet 11 and repress it to the exhaust 12.

La roue 2 est la roue la plus proche de l'admission 11. Elle est donc la roue au niveau de laquelle la pression de fluide est la plus basse et donc la roue qui doit potentiellement entraîner le plus de bulles. La pompe utilise donc au moins une première roue selon l'invention. Bien que le mode de réalisation de la pompe décrit présente plusieurs roues, on peut également envisager dans le cadre de l'invention une pompe présentant une unique roue telle que décrite par la suite.The wheel 2 is the wheel closest to the intake 11. It is therefore the wheel at which the fluid pressure is the lowest and therefore the wheel that must potentially cause the most bubbles. The pump therefore uses at least one first wheel according to the invention. Although the embodiment of the pump described has several wheels, it is also possible within the scope of the invention to envisage a pump having a single wheel as described below.

Les figures 2 et 3 représentent des vues en perspectives de la roue 2. La flèche représentée sur ces figures représente le sens de rotation de la roue 2 dans la pompe 1, en l'occurrence le sens anti-horaire en observant la roue depuis l'admission 11. Les figures 4 et 5 représentent des vues en section transversale de la roue 2 suivant différentes positions axiales. La figure 4 est une section de la roue avant le décrochement. La figure 5 est une section de la roue au niveau du décrochement. La figure 6 représente une section de la roue suivant un plan contenant l'axe de la roue. La roue présente une entrée de fluide 14, une ouverture radiale 15 et au moins un canal de fluide 16 joignant l'entrée de fluide 14 à l'ouverture radiale 15. Le fluide aspiré par l'ouverture 14 traverse ainsi le canal 16, et est expulsé de la roue par l'ouverture radiale 15. La roue 2 présente un décrochement 17 à la périphérie de la roue. Le décrochement est réalisé sur une face de la roue opposée à la face d'entrée. Ce décrochement est décalé angulairement par rapport à l'ouverture radiale. Du fait de ce décrochement, on perturbe l'écoulement de fluide et on mélange les bulles et le fluide à la périphérie de la roue. Les bulles présentes dans le fluide sont ainsi entraînées vers la sortie de la pompe ou la roue suivante, le cas échéant. Le décalage angulaire permet la récupération du fluide sortant d'une ouverture radiale 15 par un décrochement 17 disposé angulairement à la suite de l'ouverture. Bien qu'on ait pu penser initialement qu'il détériorerait notablement le rendement hydraulique de la roue sans bénéfice, il s'avère que ce rendement hydraulique n'est pas trop fortement détérioré et que l'entraînement des bulles est par contre fortement amélioré.Figures 2 and 3 show perspective views of the wheel 2. The arrow shown in these figures represents the direction of rotation of the wheel 2 in the pump 1, in this case counter-clockwise by observing the wheel from the intake 11. Figures 4 and 5 show cross-sectional views of the wheel 2 in different axial positions. Figure 4 is a section of the wheel before the recess. Figure 5 is a section of the wheel at the recess. Figure 6 shows a section of the wheel along a plane containing the axis of the wheel. The wheel has a fluid inlet 14, a radial opening 15 and at least one fluid channel 16 joining the fluid inlet 14 to the radial opening 15. The fluid sucked by the opening 14 thus passes through the channel 16, and is expelled from the wheel by the radial opening 15. The wheel 2 has a recess 17 at the periphery of the wheel. The recess is formed on a face of the wheel opposite the input face. This recess is offset angularly with respect to the radial opening. Due to this recess, the fluid flow is disturbed and the bubbles and the fluid are mixed at the periphery of the wheel. The bubbles present in the fluid are thus driven towards the outlet of the pump or the next wheel, if necessary. The angular offset allows the recovery of the fluid leaving a radial opening 15 by a recess 17 arranged angularly following the opening. Although it was initially thought that it would significantly deteriorate the hydraulic efficiency of the wheel without benefit, it turns out that this hydraulic efficiency is not too strongly deteriorated and that the entrainment of the bubbles is on the contrary greatly improved.

Dans l'exemple représenté, la roue présente une face d'entrée de fluide de la roue formée par un premier flasque 18. La roue 2 présente également un deuxième flasque 19, formant la face d'évacuation de fluide de la roue, dans lequel le décrochement 17 est réalisé. Plusieurs aubes 20 sont disposées entre les flasques 18 et 19. Les aubes 20 délimitent avec les flasques 18 et 19 plusieurs canaux 16.In the example shown, the wheel has a fluid inlet face of the wheel formed by a first flange 18. The wheel 2 also has a second flange 19, forming the fluid discharge face of the wheel, in which the recess 17 is realized. Several blades 20 are arranged between the flanges 18 and 19. The blades 20 define with the flanges 18 and 19 several channels 16.

Le décrochement 17 présente de préférence une géométrie spécifique, illustrée plus précisément à la figure 7. Les pointillés représentent le contour de base d'une roue 2 circulaire. Le décrochement présente un bord d'attaque 21, qui est angulairement le plus proche d'une ouverture 15 associée au décrochement 17. Il s'agit du bord d'attaque suivant le sens de rotation de la roue. Ce bord d'attaque forme de préférence un angle d'attaque, représenté par α, compris entre 80 et 100° avec la périphérie de la roue. La périphérie de la roue est définie dans l'exemple par le contour circulaire de la roue. On obtient ainsi une bonne caractéristique d'entraînement des bulles par le fluide.The recess 17 preferably has a specific geometry, illustrated more precisely in FIG. 7. The dashed lines represent the basic contour of a circular wheel 2. The recess has a leading edge 21, which is angularly closest to an opening 15 associated with the recess 17. This is the leading edge in the direction of rotation of the wheel. This leading edge preferably forms an angle of attack, represented by α, between 80 and 100 ° with the periphery of the wheel. The periphery of the wheel is defined in the example by the circular contour of the wheel. This gives a good characteristic of driving the bubbles by the fluid.

Le décrochement présente par ailleurs un bord de fuite 22, qui est angulairement le plus éloigné de l'ouverture 15 associée au décrochement 17. Il s'agit du bord de fuite suivant le sens de rotation de la roue. Ce bord de fuite forme de préférence un angle de fuite, représenté par β, supérieur à 10°. On peut ainsi assurer un entraînement et donc une expulsion des bulles efficaces. On utilise de façon encore plus appropriée un angle de fuite supérieur à 15° pour assurer une meilleure expulsion des bulles. L'angle de fuite est de préférence inférieur à 40° afin de conserver un bon rendement hydraulique de la roue. Afin d'obtenir un encore meilleur rendement hydraulique, l'angle de fuite est de préférence inférieur à 25°. Le meilleur compromis trouvé entre le rendement hydraulique et l'évacuation des bulles a été obtenu dans l'exemple avec un angle de fuite de 20°.The recess also has a trailing edge 22, which is angularly the furthest from the opening 15 associated with the recess 17. This is the trailing edge in the direction of rotation of the wheel. This trailing edge preferably forms a trailing angle, represented by β, greater than 10 °. It can thus ensure training and thus expulsion of the effective bubbles. We use even more appropriate a leak angle greater than 15 ° to ensure better expulsion of bubbles. The angle of leakage is preferably less than 40 ° in order to maintain good hydraulic efficiency of the wheel. In order to obtain even better hydraulic efficiency, the leakage angle is preferably less than 25 °. The best compromise found between the hydraulic efficiency and the bubble evacuation was obtained in the example with a leak angle of 20 °.

Le décrochement présente de préférence une épaisseur suivant l'axe de rotation de la roue supérieure à 40% de l'épaisseur du canal suivant le même axe. Une telle épaisseur permet d'entraîner suffisamment de fluide pour évacuer les bulles. On utilise également de préférence une épaisseur suivant l'axe de rotation de la roue supérieure à 60 % de l'épaisseur du canal suivant ce même axe. Une telle épaisseur permet de maintenir un bon rendement hydraulique. Le meilleur compromis trouvé entre le rendement hydraulique et l'évacuation des bulles a été obtenu avec une épaisseur suivant l'axe de roue égale à 50% de l'épaisseur du canal suivant le même axe.The recess preferably has a thickness along the axis of rotation of the wheel greater than 40% of the thickness of the channel along the same axis. Such a thickness makes it possible to drive enough fluid to evacuate the bubbles. A thickness along the axis of rotation of the wheel greater than 60% of the thickness of the channel along this same axis is also preferably used. Such a thickness makes it possible to maintain good hydraulic efficiency. The best compromise found between the hydraulic efficiency and the evacuation of the bubbles was obtained with a thickness along the wheel axis equal to 50% of the thickness of the channel along the same axis.

Le décrochement présente de préférence une épaisseur suivant un rayon compris entre 9 et 14% du diamètre de la roue. Plus l'épaisseur est grande, meilleur est le fonctionnement, au détriment du rendement hydraulique.The recess preferably has a thickness with a radius of between 9 and 14% of the diameter of the wheel. The greater the thickness, the better the operation, to the detriment of hydraulic efficiency.

Le décrochement présente de préférence une longueur angulaire correspondant à entre 80 et 120 % de la longueur angulaire du passage de fluide.The recess preferably has an angular length corresponding to between 80 and 120% of the angular length of the fluid passage.

Une géométrie spécifique d'une aube 20 est de préférence telle qu'elle ne transforme pas des bulles présentes au niveau de l'entrée de fluide en des bulles de plus petites dimensions au niveau de l'ouverture radiale. On utilise pour cela une aube entre deux canaux adjacents présentant au voisinage de l'entrée un rayon de courbure compris entre 2 et 6mm. Les bulles présentent ainsi au niveau de l'ouverture radiale une dimension la plus élevée possible, de sorte que leur évacuation est facilitée.A specific geometry of a blade 20 is preferably such that it does not transform bubbles present at the fluid inlet into bubbles of smaller dimensions at the radial opening. For this purpose, a blade is used between two adjacent channels having, in the vicinity of the inlet, a radius of curvature of between 2 and 6 mm. The bubbles thus have at the radial opening a highest possible dimension, so that their evacuation is facilitated.

On utilise de préférence également un canal dont la divergence est faible. Ainsi, on utilise de préférence un canal 16 dont la divergence entre l'entrée de fluide et la sortie de fluide est comprise entre 7 et 15°. On exprime la divergence par la différence entre la longueur angulaire au niveau de l'entrée et au niveau de l'ouverture radiale. On maintient ainsi un bon guidage du fluide dans le canal. Il en résulte que les décollements sont limités. Les recirculations, à l'origine d'un freinage des bulles à évacuer, sont ainsi évitées. On utilise de préférence une divergence entre l'entrée et l'ouverture radiale comprise entre 8 et 9° pour limiter encore mieux les décollements.It is also preferable to use a channel whose divergence is small. Thus, a channel 16 is preferably used whose divergence between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet is between 7 and 15 °. Divergence is expressed as the difference between the angular length at the inlet and at the radial opening. This maintains a good guiding fluid in the channel. As a result, the detachments are limited. Recirculations, causing braking bubbles to evacuate, are avoided. A divergence between the inlet and the radial opening of between 8 and 9 ° is preferably used to further limit the detachments.

La roue 2 est donc particulièrement adaptée à être montée dans une pompe à grande hauteur d'aspiration, c'est-à-dire supérieure à 4 mètres. Cette roue est par ailleurs particulièrement adaptée à être montée dans une pompe à faible débit, c'est-à-dire présentant un débit compris entre 50 et 400 l/h.The wheel 2 is therefore particularly suitable for being mounted in a pump with a high suction height, that is to say greater than 4 meters. This wheel is by elsewhere particularly suitable for being mounted in a low flow pump, that is to say having a flow rate of between 50 and 400 l / h.

Le problème général du fonctionnement d'une pompe à faible débit et à grande hauteur d'aspiration est différent de celui du fonctionnement d'une pompe pendant l'amorçage ou celui du rendement de la pompe. La roue 2 permet d'améliorer le fonctionnement d'une pompe à faible débit et à grande hauteur d'aspiration, c'est-à-dire en eau aérée. Par exemple, la roue 2 peut améliorer l'évacuation des bulles, par exemple des bulles d'air, en fonctionnement à faible débit et ce, en dehors de la période d'amorçage.The general problem of operating a pump with low flow rate and high suction height is different from that of the operation of a pump during priming or that of the efficiency of the pump. The wheel 2 makes it possible to improve the operation of a pump with a low flow rate and a high suction height, that is to say in aerated water. For example, the wheel 2 can improve the evacuation of bubbles, for example air bubbles, in low flow operation and this, outside the priming period.

Une pompe présentant plusieurs roues telle que décrites ci-avant est une pompe multicellulaire. Elle peut comporter plusieurs roues avec des canaux de retour et des diffuseurs. Par exemple, la pompe peut présenter le cas échéant un diffuseur fixe intercalé entre deux roues. Ce diffuseur peut être lisse ou présenter des ailettes de façon connue en soi.A pump having several wheels as described above is a multicellular pump. It can have several wheels with return channels and diffusers. For example, the pump may have, where appropriate, a fixed diffuser interposed between two wheels. This diffuser may be smooth or have fins in known manner.

Bien entendu, la présente invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples et modes de réalisation décrits et représentés, mais elle est susceptible de nombreuses variantes accessibles à l'homme de l'art, comme définies dans les revendications suivantes.Of course, the present invention is not limited to the examples and embodiments described and shown, but it is capable of numerous variants accessible to those skilled in the art, as defined in the following claims.

Claims (12)

  1. Wheel (2) for a hydraulic pump (1), comprising:
    - a fluid inlet (14) on one face:
    - a radial opening (15);
    - at least one fluid channel (16) joining the fluid inlet to the radial opening:
    - a cut-out (17) in the periphery of the wheel, on the other face of the wheel, displaced at an angle relative to the opening.
  2. The wheel of claim 1, characterized in that the trailing-edge angle, between the cut-out and the periphery of the wheel in the direction of rotation of the wheel, is comprised between 10 and 40° and preferably between 15 and 25°.
  3. The wheel of claim 1or 2, characterized in that the leading-edge angle, between the cut-out and the periphery of the wheel in the direction of rotation of the wheel, is comprised between 80 and 100°.
  4. The wheel of claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that the cut-out has, along the axis of rotation of the wheel, a thickness comprised between 40 and 60 % of the thickness of the channel.
  5. The wheel of one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cut-out has a depth along a radius comprised between 9 and 14 % of the diameter of the wheel.
  6. The wheel of one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cut-out has an angular length corresponding to between 80 and 120 % of the angular length of the fluid passage.
  7. The wheel of one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blade defined between two adjacent channels has in the vicinity of the fluid inlet a radius of curvature comprised between 2 and 6 mm.
  8. The wheel of claim 7, characterized in that the wheel has:
    - a first plate on which the inlet is arranged;
    - a second plate on which the cut-out is arranged;
    - at least one blade and the first and second plates delimiting one of said channels.
  9. The wheel of one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the channel has an angle of divergence comprised between 7 and 15°, preferably between 8 and 9°.
  10. A pump (1) having at least one wheel (2) according to one of claims 1 to 9.
  11. The pump of claim 10, characterized in that it has a suction height greater than 4 metres.
  12. The pump of claim 10 or 11, characterized in that it has a flow rate comprised between 50 and 400 l/h.
EP03290780A 2002-03-27 2003-03-27 Low flow centrifugal pump with increased suction height Expired - Lifetime EP1348871B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0204009 2002-03-27
FR0204009A FR2837880B1 (en) 2002-03-27 2002-03-27 PUMP FOR LOW FLOW AND HIGH ASPIRATION HEIGHT

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1348871A1 EP1348871A1 (en) 2003-10-01
EP1348871B1 true EP1348871B1 (en) 2007-01-17

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03290780A Expired - Lifetime EP1348871B1 (en) 2002-03-27 2003-03-27 Low flow centrifugal pump with increased suction height

Country Status (4)

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EP (1) EP1348871B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE351984T1 (en)
DE (1) DE60311165T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2837880B1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8454317B2 (en) 2009-02-12 2013-06-04 Ebm-Papst Mulfingen Gmbh & Co. Kg Radial or diagonal fan wheel
US8932019B2 (en) 2010-02-26 2015-01-13 Emb-Papst Mulfingen Gmbh & Co. Kg Radial or diagonal fan wheel

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10626880B2 (en) * 2014-10-14 2020-04-21 Ebara Corporation Impeller assembly for centrifugal pumps
RU2610803C1 (en) * 2015-12-25 2017-02-15 Андрей Юрьевич Языков Centrifugal pump runner
RU2610802C1 (en) * 2015-12-25 2017-02-15 Андрей Юрьевич Языков Centrifugal pump runner

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR742839A (en) * 1933-03-17
DE565019C (en) * 1931-10-15 1932-12-22 Fridolin Zehetmayer Self-priming centrifugal pump
GB877878A (en) * 1958-06-03 1961-09-20 Girdlestone Pumps Ltd Improvements in or relating to centrifugal pumps
JPH10318180A (en) * 1997-03-19 1998-12-02 Sankyo Seiki Mfg Co Ltd Self-priming pump

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8454317B2 (en) 2009-02-12 2013-06-04 Ebm-Papst Mulfingen Gmbh & Co. Kg Radial or diagonal fan wheel
US8932019B2 (en) 2010-02-26 2015-01-13 Emb-Papst Mulfingen Gmbh & Co. Kg Radial or diagonal fan wheel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1348871A1 (en) 2003-10-01
FR2837880B1 (en) 2005-12-09
ATE351984T1 (en) 2007-02-15
DE60311165D1 (en) 2007-03-08
DE60311165T2 (en) 2008-01-10
FR2837880A1 (en) 2003-10-03

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