EP1337710A1 - Paper coating slip containing n-vinyl formamide - Google Patents

Paper coating slip containing n-vinyl formamide

Info

Publication number
EP1337710A1
EP1337710A1 EP01993722A EP01993722A EP1337710A1 EP 1337710 A1 EP1337710 A1 EP 1337710A1 EP 01993722 A EP01993722 A EP 01993722A EP 01993722 A EP01993722 A EP 01993722A EP 1337710 A1 EP1337710 A1 EP 1337710A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
paper
coating slips
paper coating
parts
coating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01993722A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1337710B1 (en
Inventor
Friedrich Linhart
Bernd Dirks
Heinrich Ullrich
Thierry Blum
Norbert Mahr
Stefan Frenzel
Martin Wendker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF SE
Original Assignee
BASF SE
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Publication of EP1337710A1 publication Critical patent/EP1337710A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1337710B1 publication Critical patent/EP1337710B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H19/00Coated paper; Coating material
    • D21H19/36Coatings with pigments
    • D21H19/44Coatings with pigments characterised by the other ingredients, e.g. the binder or dispersing agent
    • D21H19/56Macromolecular organic compounds or oligomers thereof obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D21H19/58Polymers or oligomers of diolefins, aromatic vinyl monomers or unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to new paper coating slips.
  • the invention further relates to the use of paper coating slips and papers which are coated with these paper coating slips.
  • Paper coating slips essentially consist of a mostly white pigment, a polymeric binder and additives which influence the rheological properties of the coating color and the properties of the surface of the coated paper in the desired sense.
  • additives are often referred to as "cobinders”.
  • the binder fixes the pigments on the paper and ensures the cohesion in the coating obtained.
  • Coating with paper coating slips gives raw papers a smooth, uniform white surface.
  • the paper coating slips also improve the printability of the paper.
  • a variety of different measures can be taken to increase the whiteness of the coated paper. These include, for example, the use of raw paper with the highest possible degree of whiteness, which in turn can be obtained by using starting materials that are as white as possible. Another measure is the selection of white pigments for the paper coating slip. In most cases, however, these measures alone do not meet today's consumer demands for the whiteness of paper. Therefore, so-called “whiteners” (fluorescent or phosphorescent dyes) or “optical heaters” are added to the coating slip. These are dye-like fluorescent dyes that absorb the short-wave ultraviolet light that is not visible to the human eye and emit it again as longer-wave blue light, which gives the human eye a higher whiteness, so that the whiteness is increased.
  • Suitable cobinder can be water-soluble polymers, e.g. B. Polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, anionic or non-ionic degraded starches, casein, soy protein and water-soluble styrene-acrylate copolymers (see e.g. KP Kreutzer, basic processes of paper production 2: interface processes when using chemical auxiliaries, H.-G. Völkel and R. réelle (ed.), PTS Kunststoff, 2000, PTS manuscript: ' PTS-GPE - SE 2031-2).
  • the activation of the optical brightener is not possible with all water-soluble polymers, e.g. not with certain polysaccharides, e.g. B. dextran, or with anionic polyacrylamides to activate the optical brightener.
  • water-soluble polymers which contain cationic groups, in particular amino or ammonium groups e.g. Polyamine / epichlorohydrin or polyamidoamine / epichlorohydrin resins, polyamines or polyethyleneimines not only do not strengthen the whitener, they even deactivate it, so that the brightening is deleted (K. P. Kreutzer, op. Cit., Pp. 8-22).
  • polymers or copolymers hereinafter referred to as (co) polymers
  • the polymers or copolymers can be subjected to a cleavage in which the carboxylic acid groups (formyl groups) are partly split off before use in a coating slip of the invention.
  • the (co) polymers incorporated into the paper coating slip also have the property that they also increase the dry pick resistance and the wet pick resistance of the coated paper, and this also more than other cobinders. It has also surprisingly been found that papers which have been finished with the coating slips according to the invention give a higher gloss than papers with coating slips which contain cobinder according to the prior art.
  • the preparation of the polymers of N-vinylformamide which can be used for the coating slips according to the invention has been known for a long time (see, for example, ⁇ P-Bl 71 050, corresponds to US 44 21
  • Cationic copolymers which contain N-vinylformamide in copolymerized form can also be used according to the invention.
  • cationic copolymers from N-vinylformamide 10 and a water-soluble basic monomer, such as, for example, N-trialkylammonium alkyl acrylamides, N-trialkylammonium alkyl methacrylamides and / or diallyldialkyl ammonium salts, and their use as flocculation and drainage aids for the treatment of waste water and sludge -Bl 464 043 15 (corresponds to US 52 25 088).
  • a water-soluble basic monomer such as, for example, N-trialkylammonium alkyl acrylamides, N-trialkylammonium alkyl methacrylamides and / or diallyldialkyl ammonium salts
  • diallyldimethylammonium chloride diallyldimethylammonium methosulfate, N- (2-trimethylammonium) ethyl acrylamide methosulfate or 20 N-2- (ethyl-dimethyl) ammonium ethyl methacrylamide ethosulfate or mixtures thereof
  • N-vinylformamide 46 as in EP-Bl 46 043 describes and thus obtains cationic copolymers which are suitable for use in the coating colors of the invention.
  • split vinylformamides can also be used for the coating slips according to the invention, in which the amino functions released, bound in the polymer, form an ammonium formate with the split-off formic acid.
  • Suitable monomers of the onoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids having 3 to 8 carbon atoms and the water-soluble salts of these monomers are: acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, dimethylacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, maleic acid, citraconic acid, methylene malonic acid, allylacetic acid, vinyl acetic acid, crotonic acid, fumaric acid, From this group of monomers, preference is given to using acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid or else mixtures of the carboxylic acids mentioned, in particular mixtures of acrylic acid and maleic acid or mixtures of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid. These monomers or mixtures thereof can either be in the form of the free carboxylic acids or be used in partially or completely neutralized form in the copolymerization.
  • the weight ratio of vinylformamide to monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid with 3 to 8 carbon atoms and / or their alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium salts in the monomer mixture can vary between 100: 0 and 70:30, with weight ratios between 100: 0 and 80:20, but especially between 100: 0 and 90:10 are preferred.
  • Nonionic copolymers of N-vinylformamide with other water-soluble vinyl monomers can also increase the effectiveness of the optical heat-up agent in the paper coating slips of the invention.
  • N-vinyl pyrrolidone and other N-vinyl lactams such as e.g. N-vinyl caprolactam
  • N-vinyl-N-alkyl carboxamides or N-vinyl carboxamides such as.
  • B N-vinyl acetamide, N-vinyl-N-methylformamide and N-vinyl-N-methylacetamide, into consideration. Mixtures of these can also be used.
  • N-vinylpyrrolidone is preferred as the monomer.
  • composition of the (co) polymers is generally as follows:
  • Acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and / or their salts or mixtures thereof 0-30 parts by weight, preferably 1-20, particularly preferably 2-10
  • a free-radical (co) polymerization in a solvent or diluent is a common, but not the only method for the preparation of the (co) polymers mentioned above.
  • the radical (co) polymerization of such monomers is carried out at ⁇ play, in aqueous solution in the presence of polymerization initiators which decompose into free radicals under polymerization conditions.
  • the (co) polymerization can be carried out in a wide temperature range.
  • reaction mixture 15 rich, if necessary under reduced or also under increased pressure, generally at temperatures up to 100 ° C.
  • the pH of the reaction mixture is usually adjusted in the range of 4 to 10.
  • the (co) polymerization can, however, also be carried out in another manner known per se to the person skilled in the art, e.g. as solution, precipitation, water-in-oil emulsion or reverse suspension polymerization. Solution polymerization is preferred.
  • the N-vinylformamide is used using radical polymerization initiators, e.g. radical-decomposing azo compounds, such as 2, 2'-azobis (isobutyronitrile), 2, 2 'azobis (2-amidinopropane) hydrate chloride or 4,' azobis (4 'cyan) -pentanoic acid) (co) polymerized.
  • radical-decomposing azo compounds such as 2, 2'-azobis (isobutyronitrile), 2, 2 'azobis (2-amidinopropane) hydrate chloride or 4,' azobis (4 'cyan) -pentanoic acid) (co) polymerized.
  • the compounds mentioned are mostly used in the form of aqueous solutions, the lower concentration due to the amount of water which is acceptable in the (co) polymerization and the upper concentration due to the solubility of the compound in question in water.
  • the concentration is generally 0.1 to 30% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight, particularly preferably 1.0 to 10% by weight, based on the solution.
  • the amount of initiators is generally 0.1 to 40 10% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 5% by weight, based on the monomers to be (co) polymerized. Several different initiators can also be used in the (co) polymerization.
  • solvents or diluents which can be used are water, alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, n- or iso-propanol, n- or iso-butanol, or ketones, such as acetone, ethyl methyl ketone, diethyl ketone or iso-butyl methyl ketone.
  • the (co) polymerization can be carried out in the presence of polymerization regulators such as hydroxylammonium salts, chlorinated hydrocarbons and thio compounds such as e.g. tert-Butyl mercaptan, thioglycolic acid, ethyl acrylate, mercaptoethynol, mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, dodecyl mercaptan, tert-dodecyl ercaptan or alkali metal hypophosphites.
  • these regulators e.g. B. in amounts of 0 to 0.8 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the monomers to be (co) polymerized, by which the molecular weight of the resulting (co) polymer is reduced.
  • ionic and / or nonionic emulsifiers' and / or protective colloids or stabilizers as surface-active compounds.
  • the (co) polymerization gives (co) polymers of different molecular weights, which are described in EP-Bl 71 050 and subsequently with the aid of the K values according to Fikentscher (measured in 0.5% by weight aqueous cook - Saline solution at 25 ° C) is characterized.
  • (Co) polymers with a high K value, e.g. above 80, are preferably prepared by (co) polymerizing the N-vinylformamide in water.
  • (Co) polymers with a high K value and high molecular weights are also obtained, for example, by (co) polymerizing the monomers in the form of reverse suspension polymerization or by (co) polymerizing the monomers by the water-in-oil polymerization method.
  • saturated hydrocarbons for example hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, decalin or aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene and cumene
  • the ratio of oil phase to aqueous phase in the reverse suspension polymerization is, for example, 10: 1 to 1:10.
  • (Co) polymer with a low K value, for example below 80 is obtained if the (co) polymerization is carried out in the presence of polymerization regulators or in a solvent which regulates the (co) polymerization, for example alcohols, such as methanol, Ethanol, n- or iso-propanol, or ketones, such as acetone, ethyl methyl ketone, diethyl ketone or iso-butyl methyl ketone.
  • polymerization regulators for example alcohols, such as methanol, Ethanol, n- or iso-propanol
  • ketones such as acetone, ethyl methyl ketone, diethyl ketone or iso-butyl methyl ketone.
  • K values with low molecular weights and correspondingly low K values continue to be obtained .
  • the molecular weight of the (co) polymers which can be used according to the invention is not restricted, but it should not be too high so that the coating slip does not become too high in viscosity.
  • (Co) polymers with K values between 10 and 80 are preferred, with K values between 30 and 70 being particularly preferred.
  • vinylformamide-containing (co) polymers can be used both in partially or completely cleaved and in uncleaved form. A degree of hydrolysis of between 0 and 30% is preferred, particularly preferably between 0 and 20% and very particularly preferably between 0 and 10%.
  • the type of waste cleavage of the formyl group is not limited, it may for example be effected in the presence of acid or base, forthcoming 'Trains t is the' cleavage in the presence of bases such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, ammonia or amines.
  • Partial hydrolysis for example of a copolymer containing (meth) acrylates and vinylformamides in copolymerized form, can give rise to amphoteric (co) polymers.
  • Cationic copolymers of vinyl formamide can be obtained particularly simply by hydrolytically cleaving homopolymers of vinyl formamide with defined amounts of acid or base to the desired degree of hydrolysis, as described in EP-Bl 071 050.
  • the resulting amino groups on the polymer chain are more or less protonated depending on the pH of the solution and thus give the polymer a more or less cationic character.
  • the formyl group is split off in the hydrolysis at temperatures in the range from 20 to 200, preferably 40 to 180 ° C., if appropriate in the presence of acids or bases.
  • the hydrolysis is preferably carried out in the temperature range from 70 to 90 ° C.
  • About 0.05 to 1.5 equivalents of an acid, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, are required for the acid hydrolysis per ' formyl group equivalent in the poly-N-vinylformamide.
  • the pH in acidic hydrolysis is in the range from 2 to 0, preferably from 1 to 0.
  • the hydrolysis proceeds much faster than that of (co) polymers of other N-vinylcarboxamides, such as, for example, B. of N-methyl-N-vinylformamide, and can therefore be carried out under gentler conditions, ie at lower temperatures and without a large excess of acids.
  • the hydrolysis of the formyl groups of the poly-N-vinylformamide can also be carried out in an alkaline medium, e.g. in the pH range from 11 to 14 .
  • This pH is preferably adjusted by adding sodium hydroxide solution or potassium hydroxide solution.
  • ammonia, amines and / or alkaline earth metal bases are used for alkaline hydrolysis.
  • 0.05 to 1.5, preferably 0.4 to 1.0 equivalents of a base are used.
  • the cleavage can also be carried out at high temperatures, for example above 100 ° C, preferably 120 to 180 ° C, particularly preferably 140 to 160 ° C in the presence of a solvent, e.g. Water can be carried out without acid or base. This is preferably carried out under conditions above the critical point, for example with supercritical water.
  • a solvent e.g. Water
  • Water can be carried out without acid or base. This is preferably carried out under conditions above the critical point, for example with supercritical water.
  • hydrolysis i.e. the formyl group is split off from the poly-N-vinylformamide in water in the presence of acids or bases, and formic acid or salts of formic acid are obtained as a by-product.
  • the solutions obtained can be used without further work-up, but the hydrolysis or solvolysis products can also be separated off.
  • the solutions obtained are treated, for example, with ion exchangers.
  • the residue separated from the hydrolysis products can then be incorporated into the coating slips.
  • the amount of (co) polymers of vinylformamide that is added to the paper coating slip according to the invention depends on the amount of the brightener in the coating slip. Normally, 0.2 to 2 parts by weight of optical brightener per 100 parts by weight of pigment are added to the coating slip. Of the (co) polymer, the same to five times the amount of the optical brightener is usually added to the coating slip, ie 0.2 to 10 5 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 8 and particularly preferably 1 to 5 parts by weight.
  • the paper coating slips according to the invention preferably contain at least one optical brightener.
  • the coating compositions of the invention are processed completely analogously to the processing of coating colors according to the prior art, e.g. according to "The Essential Guide to Aqueous Coating of Paper and Board", T.W.R. Dean (ed.), Published by the Paper Indus-
  • the paper coating slips according to the invention also contain at least one white pigment and at least one binder.
  • the paper coating slips can also contain further constituents known to the person skilled in the art.
  • Flow aids wetting aids for the pigments etc.
  • optical brighteners which can be used in conjunction with the coating slips according to the invention are not restricted.
  • the commercially available stilbene derivatives which are substituted with up to 6 sulfonic acid groups e.g. Blankophor PSG from Bayer AG, or their derivatives, or 4, 4 '-distyryl-biphenyl derivatives can be used.
  • the pigments which can be used in the coating slips according to the invention are likewise not restricted.
  • satin white calcium carbonate in ground or precipitated form
  • barium sulfate in ground or precipitated form kaolin (clay)
  • calcined clay talc
  • ⁇ 0 kate chalk or coating clay or organic pigments, e.g. B. plastics in particle form can be used.
  • the binders ((co) polymeric binders) which can be used in the coating slips according to the invention are likewise not restricted.
  • casein, starch, soy protein, carboxymethyl cellulose, alginate and / or polyvinyl alcohol or dispersions which contain acrylic acid, acrylic acid ester, vinyl acetate and / or styrene in polymerized form, for example (co) polymers made from acrylic ester / styrene, styrene / butadiene or vinyl acetate.
  • the paper coating slips can also contain, for example, dispersants. Suitable dispersants are polyanions, for example of polyphosphoric acids or of polyacrylic acids (poly salts), which are usually present in amounts of 0.1 to 3% by weight, based on the amount of pigment.
  • the constituents are mixed in a known manner, the (co) polymer generally being used in the form of a dispersion, suspension or solution.
  • the water content in the paper coating slip is usually set to 25 to 75% by weight, based on the total paper coating slip (including water).
  • the paper coating slip can be applied to the papers to be coated by customary methods (cf. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Technical Chemistry, 4th edition, vol. 17, pp. 603 ff).
  • a thickener can be added.
  • conventional organic and inorganic thickeners such as hydroxymethylcellulose or bentonite are suitable as thickeners.
  • the paper coating slips are mostly aqueous ' paper coating slips.
  • the water content can be adjusted depending on the desired viscosity or flow properties.
  • the components can be mixed in a known manner.
  • the paper coating slips according to the invention are suitable for coating e.g. of paper or cardboard.
  • the paper coating slip can then be applied to the papers or cardboard to be coated by customary methods.
  • the papers or cardboards coated with the paper coating slips according to the invention can be prepared in conventional processes, e.g. Offset, letterpress or gravure printing processes can be printed.
  • a coating slip with the following composition was produced: 5
  • CMC 7L2T carboxymethyl cellulose
  • PVFA polyvinylformamide
  • the coating colors were applied with a solids content of 68.1% by weight to an oil-free paper with a basis weight of 70 g / m 2 to a coat weight of 16 g / m 2 and then satinized.
  • the lightening of the paper was determined according to DIN 53 145, part 2.
  • the CIE whiteness of the paper was measured according to ISO 2469.
  • the coating slips according to the invention which contain a polyvinylformamide (PVFA), experience a stronger optical brightening and have a higher whiteness according to CIE than the coating slips which contain carboxymethyl cellulose as cobinder according to the prior art. It can also be seen that polyvinylformamides, which are hydrolyzed to a certain extent and are therefore cationic, bring about a higher lightening and CIE whiteness than non-ionic PVFA. In addition, it is seen that the coating compositions which contain a polyvinylformamide properties have both in the dry pick as significantly better in the wet pick resistance egg ', than those which contain CMC as cobinder. Finally, the coating slips according to the invention also give a significantly higher gloss.
  • PVFA polyvinylformamide
  • a coating slip with the following composition was produced:
  • CMC 7L2T carboxymethyl cellulose
  • PVFA polyvinylformamide
  • Example 1 ben beschrie ⁇ .
  • a coating slip with the following composition was produced:
  • PVFA polyvinylformamide
  • the coating slips were processed as described in Example 1.
  • a coating slip with the following composition was produced:
  • CMC 7L2T carboxymethyl cellulose
  • CMC 7L2T carboxymethyl cellulose
  • PVFA polyvinylformamide
  • the coating slips were processed as described in Example 1.
  • the lightening and whiteness of the satinized paper and their 10 dry and wet picking strengths were determined as described in Example 1.
  • PVFA polyvinyl formamide
  • HG degree of hydrolysis
  • the coating slips were processed as described in Example 1.
  • Blister resistance was determined by immersing the coated paper in hot oil (240 ° C). The blistering was rated from 1 (no bubbles) to 6 (very many bubbles).
  • a coating slip with the following composition was produced:
  • CMC 7L2T carboxymethyl cellulose
  • VFA / AS 0.5 part of a copolymer of vinyl formamide and acrylic acid
  • the coating slips were processed as described in Example 1.
  • a coating slip with the following composition was produced:
  • PVFA polyvinyl formamide
  • the coating slips were processed as described in Example 1.
  • Table 7 shows that the addition of nonionic and cationic polyvinylformamides with a low molecular weight (K value) to coating slips results in papers with greater optical brightening than can be achieved by the addition of co-binders according to the prior art.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Sanitary Thin Papers (AREA)

Abstract

Paper coating slips whose additives comprise addition polymers or copolymers containing N-vinylformamide in (co)polymerized form, and their use.

Description

PAPIERSTREICHMASSEN ENTHALTEND N-VINYLFORMAMID PAPER COATINGS CONTAINING N-VINYLFORMAMIDE
BesehreibungBesehreibung
Die Erfindung betrifft neue Papierstreichmassen. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung die Verwendung von Papierstreichmassen, sowie Papiere, welche mit diesen Papierstreichmassen beschichtet sind.The invention relates to new paper coating slips. The invention further relates to the use of paper coating slips and papers which are coated with these paper coating slips.
Papierstreichmassen bestehen im wesentlichen aus einem zumeist weißen Pigment, einem polymeren Bindemittel und Additiven, welche die rheologischen Eigenschaften der Streichfarbe und die Eigenschaften der Oberfläche des gestrichenen Papiers im gewünschten Sinn beeinflussen. Solche Additive werden häufig auch als "Cobin- der" bezeichnet. Durch das Bindemittel werden die Pigmente auf dem Papier fixiert und der Zusammenhalt in der erhaltenen Beschichtung gewährleistet.Paper coating slips essentially consist of a mostly white pigment, a polymeric binder and additives which influence the rheological properties of the coating color and the properties of the surface of the coated paper in the desired sense. Such additives are often referred to as "cobinders". The binder fixes the pigments on the paper and ensures the cohesion in the coating obtained.
Durch die Beschichtung mit Papierstreichmassen erhalten Rohpa- piere eine glatte, einheitlich weiße Oberfläche. Die Papierstreichmassen bewirken zudem eine Verbesserung der Bedruckbarkeit des Papiers.Coating with paper coating slips gives raw papers a smooth, uniform white surface. The paper coating slips also improve the printability of the paper.
Die Beschichtung von Papier mit Papierstreichmassen ist heutzu- tage gut bekannt, siehe z.B. "The Essential Guide to Aqueous Coating of Paper and Board", T.'W.R. Dean (ed.), published by the Paper Industry Technical Association (PITA) , 1997.The coating of paper with paper coating slips is well known today, see, for example, "The Essential Guide to Aqueous Coating of Paper and Board", T. ' WR Dean (ed.), Published by the Paper Industry Technical Association (PITA), 1997 ,
Eines der wichtigsten Ziele, die durch das Beschichten von Papier mit Streichmassen angestrebt werden, ist die Erhöhung der Weiße ■«. des Papiers. Gleichzeitig muß aber die Oberfläche des Papiers so stabil sein, daß sie beim Bedrucken nicht beschädigt und das Druckbild nicht beeinträchtigt wird.One of the most important goals that are strived for by coating paper with coating slips is to increase the whiteness. of the paper. At the same time, however, the surface of the paper must be so stable that it is not damaged during printing and the print image is not impaired.
Eine Erhöhung der Weiße des gestrichenen Papiers kann durch eine Vielzahl von verschiedenen Maßnahmen erreicht werden. Dazu gehören beispielsweise die Verwendung eines Rohpapiers mit möglichst hohem Weißgrad, welches wiederum durch die Verwendung möglichst weißer Ausgangsstoffe erhalten werden kann. Eine weitere Maßnahme ist die Auswahl möglichst weißer Pigmente für die Papierstreichmasse. Diese Maßnahmen allein genügen aber den heutigen Ansprüchen der Verbraucher an die Weiße des Papiers in den meisten Fällen nicht. Deshalb setzt man der Streichmasse sogenannte "Weißtöner" (Fluoreszenz- oder Phosphoreszenzfarbstoffe) oder "optische Aufhei - 1er" zu. Dabei handelt es sich um farbstoffähnliche Fluoreszenz - farbstoffe, die das für das menschliche Auge nicht sichtbare, kurzwellige ultraviolette Licht absorbieren und als längerwelliges blaues Licht wieder abgeben, wodurch dem menschlichen Auge eine höhere Weiße vermittelt wird, so daß der Weißgrad erhöht wird.A variety of different measures can be taken to increase the whiteness of the coated paper. These include, for example, the use of raw paper with the highest possible degree of whiteness, which in turn can be obtained by using starting materials that are as white as possible. Another measure is the selection of white pigments for the paper coating slip. In most cases, however, these measures alone do not meet today's consumer demands for the whiteness of paper. Therefore, so-called "whiteners" (fluorescent or phosphorescent dyes) or "optical heaters" are added to the coating slip. These are dye-like fluorescent dyes that absorb the short-wave ultraviolet light that is not visible to the human eye and emit it again as longer-wave blue light, which gives the human eye a higher whiteness, so that the whiteness is increased.
Der Einsatz der optischen Aufheller führt aber nur dann zum gewünschten Erfolg, wenn diese in der fertigen Beschichtung des Papiers in einer optimalen Struktur, Konformation und Verteilung vorliegen. Um dies zu erreichen, werden der Papierstreichmasse polymere Verbindungen zugesetzt, die den Effekt des optischen Aufhellers verstärken und als "Aktivator", "Träger" oder "Car- rier" bezeichnet werden. Eine wichtige Funktion der eingangs erwähnten Cobinder in Streichfarben ist ihre aufhelleraktivierende Wirkung. Als geeignete Cobinder kann man wasserlösliche Polymere, z. B. Polyvinylalkohol, Carboxymethylcellulose, anionische oder nichtionische abgebaute Stärken, Kasein, Soja-Protein und wasserlösliche Styrol-Acrylat-Copolymerisate verwenden (siehe z.B. K. P. Kreutzer, Grundprozesse der Papiererzeugung 2: Grenzflachen- Vorgänge beim Einsatz chemischer Hilfsmittel, H.-G. Völkel und R. Grenz (Hrsg.), PTS München, 2000, PTS-Manuskript:' PTS-GPE - SE 2031-2) .However, the use of optical brighteners only leads to the desired success if they have an optimal structure, conformation and distribution in the finished coating of the paper. In order to achieve this, polymeric compounds are added to the paper coating slip, which reinforce the effect of the optical brightener and are referred to as "activator", "carrier" or "carrier". An important function of the above-mentioned cobinder in coating colors is their brightening-activating effect. Suitable cobinder can be water-soluble polymers, e.g. B. Polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, anionic or non-ionic degraded starches, casein, soy protein and water-soluble styrene-acrylate copolymers (see e.g. KP Kreutzer, basic processes of paper production 2: interface processes when using chemical auxiliaries, H.-G. Völkel and R. Grenz (ed.), PTS Munich, 2000, PTS manuscript: ' PTS-GPE - SE 2031-2).
Die Aktivierung des optischen Aufhellers ist jedoch nicht mit al- len wasserlöslichen Polymeren möglich, so gelingt es z.B. nicht, mit bestimmten Polysacchariden, z. B. Dextran, oder mit anionischen Polyacrylamiden, den optischen Aufheller zu aktivieren. Im Gegenteil ist seit langem bekannt, daß wasserlösliche Polymere, die kationische Gruppierungen, insbesondere Amino- oder Amrnonium- gruppen enthalten, so z.B. Polyamin/Epichlorhydrin- oder Polyami - doamin/Epichlorhydrin-Harze, Polyamine oder Polyethylenimine, den Weißtöner nicht nur nicht verstärken, sondern sogar deaktivieren, so daß es zu einer Löschung der Aufhellung kommt (K. P. Kreutzer, a.a.O. , Seite 8-22) .However, the activation of the optical brightener is not possible with all water-soluble polymers, e.g. not with certain polysaccharides, e.g. B. dextran, or with anionic polyacrylamides to activate the optical brightener. On the contrary, it has long been known that water-soluble polymers which contain cationic groups, in particular amino or ammonium groups, e.g. Polyamine / epichlorohydrin or polyamidoamine / epichlorohydrin resins, polyamines or polyethyleneimines not only do not strengthen the whitener, they even deactivate it, so that the brightening is deleted (K. P. Kreutzer, op. Cit., Pp. 8-22).
Aus der DE-A 197 27 503 sind Papierstreichmassen bekannt, die Bindemittel mit N-Vinylcarbonsäureamideinheiten enthalten. Die Aktivierung von optischen Aufhellern durch Additive ist jedoch nicht beschrieben. Dieser Erfindung lag die Aufgabe zugrunde, Papierstreichmassen mit verbesserten Eigenschaften oder Streichmassen, die zu einer Verbesserung des gestrichenen Papiers führen, zur Verfügung zu stellen.From DE-A 197 27 503 paper coating slips are known which contain binders with N-vinylcarboxamide units. However, the activation of optical brighteners by additives is not described. The object of this invention was to provide paper coating slips with improved properties or coating slips which lead to an improvement in the coated paper.
Es wurde nun gefunden, daß solche Papierstreichmassen verbesserte Eigenschaften aufweisen, die Polymerisate oder Copolymerisate als Additiv enthalten, die N-Vinylformamid (Formel I) einpolymeri- siert enthalten.It has now been found that such paper coating slips have improved properties which contain polymers or copolymers as an additive and which contain copolymerized N-vinylformamide (formula I).
Erfindungsgemäß können Polymerisate oder Copolymerisate, im folgenden (Co) Polymerisate genannt, als Additiv (Cobinder) verwendet werden, die aus N-Vinylformamid bestehen, sowie solche, die neben N-Vinylformamid weiterhin anionische, kationische und/oder nichtionische Monomere einpolymerisiert enthalten. Weiterhin können die Polymerisate oder Copolymerisate vor Einsatz in einer erfindungsgemäßen Paierstreichmasse einer Spaltung unterworfen werden, in der die Carbonsäuregruppen (Formylgruppen) teilweise abgespal- ten werden.According to the invention, polymers or copolymers, hereinafter referred to as (co) polymers, can be used as additives (cobinders) which consist of N-vinylformamide, and those which, in addition to N-vinylformamide, also contain copolymerized anionic, cationic and / or nonionic monomers. Furthermore, the polymers or copolymers can be subjected to a cleavage in which the carboxylic acid groups (formyl groups) are partly split off before use in a coating slip of the invention.
Es ist überraschend, daß durch die Zugabe von wasserlöslichen (Co) Polymeren des Vinylformamids die optischen Aufheller in Papierstreichmassen außerordentlich stark aktiviert werden. Noch überraschender und gänzlich unerwartet ist jedoch, daß sich kationische Copolymere von Vinylformamid entgegen der Aussage von K. P. Kreutzer, a.a.O., Seite 8-22, ebenfalls als Carrier für optische Aufheller eignen und deren Wirkung sogar noch mehr verstärken als die nichtionischen Polyvinylformamide. Die Aktivierung der Weißtöner in Papierstreichmassen durch (Co) Polymere des. Vinylformamids entsprechend der Erfindung ist deutlich stärker als die diesbezügliche Wirksamkeit anderer Cobinder. Die in die Pa- pierεtreichmasse eingearbeiteten (Co) Polymerisate haben zusätzlich zu ihrer aufhelleraktivierenden Wirkung die Eigenschaft, daß sie auch die Trockenrupffestigkeit und die Naßrupffestigkeit des gestrichenen Papiers erhöhen, und auch dies stärker als andere Cobinder. Ferner wurde überraschend gefunden, daß Papiere, die mit den erfindungsgemäßen Streichmassen veredelt wurden, einen höheren Druckglanz ergeben als Papiere mit Streichmassen, in de- nen Cobinder entsprechend dem Stande der Technik enthalten sind. Die Herstellung der Polymerisate von N-Vinylformamid, die für die erfindungsgemäßen Streichmassen verwendet werden können, ist seit langem bekannt (siehe z.B. ΞP-Bl 71 050, entspricht US 44 21It is surprising that the addition of water-soluble (co) polymers of vinylformamide activates the optical brighteners in paper coating slips extremely strongly. Even more surprising and completely unexpected is that cationic copolymers of vinyl formamide, contrary to the statement by KP Kreutzer, loc. Cit., Pages 8-22, are also suitable as carriers for optical brighteners and increase their effect even more than the nonionic polyvinyl formamides. The activation of the whiteners in paper coating slips by (co) polymers of vinylformamide according to the invention is significantly stronger than the effectiveness of other cobinders in this regard. In addition to their brightening-activating effect, the (co) polymers incorporated into the paper coating slip also have the property that they also increase the dry pick resistance and the wet pick resistance of the coated paper, and this also more than other cobinders. It has also surprisingly been found that papers which have been finished with the coating slips according to the invention give a higher gloss than papers with coating slips which contain cobinder according to the prior art. The preparation of the polymers of N-vinylformamide which can be used for the coating slips according to the invention has been known for a long time (see, for example, ΞP-Bl 71 050, corresponds to US 44 21
• 602) .• 602).
55
Auch kationische Copolymerisate, die N-Vinylformamid einpolymeri- siert enthalten, können erfindungsgemäß verwendet werden.Cationic copolymers which contain N-vinylformamide in copolymerized form can also be used according to the invention.
Die Herstellung kationischer Copolymerisate aus N-Vinylformamid 10 und einem wasserlöslichen basischen Monomer, wie beispielsweise N-Trialkylammoniumalkylacrylamide, N-Trialkylammoniumalkylmetha- crylamide und/oder Diallyldialkylammoniumsalze, sowie deren Verwendung als Flockungs- und Entwässerungshilfsmittel für die Behandlung von Abwässern und Schlämmen ist in der EP-Bl 464 043 15 (entspricht US 52 25 088) beschrieben.The production of cationic copolymers from N-vinylformamide 10 and a water-soluble basic monomer, such as, for example, N-trialkylammonium alkyl acrylamides, N-trialkylammonium alkyl methacrylamides and / or diallyldialkyl ammonium salts, and their use as flocculation and drainage aids for the treatment of waste water and sludge -Bl 464 043 15 (corresponds to US 52 25 088).
Beispielsweise kann man als ein wasserlösliches kationisches Monomer Diallyldimethylammoniumchlorid, Diallyldimethylammoniumme- thosulfat, N- (2-Trimethylammonium) ethylacrylamid methosulfat oder 20 N-2- (Ethyl-dimethyl) ammoniumethylmethacrylamid ethosulfat oder Gemische davon mit N-Vinylformamid copolymerisieren wie in EP-Bl 464 043 beschrieben und erhält damit kationische Copolymerisate, die sich für die Verwendung in den erfindungsgemäßen Streichfarben eignen.For example, as a water-soluble cationic monomer, diallyldimethylammonium chloride, diallyldimethylammonium methosulfate, N- (2-trimethylammonium) ethyl acrylamide methosulfate or 20 N-2- (ethyl-dimethyl) ammonium ethyl methacrylamide ethosulfate or mixtures thereof can be copolymerized with N-vinylformamide 46 as in EP-Bl 46 043 describes and thus obtains cationic copolymers which are suitable for use in the coating colors of the invention.
2525
Selbstverständlich können auch gespaltene Vinylformamide (s.u.) für die erfindungsgemäßen Streichmassen eingesetzt werden, in denen die freigesetzten, im Polymer gebundenen Aminofunktionen mit der abgespaltenen Ameisensäure ein Ammoniumformiat bilden.Of course, split vinylformamides (see below) can also be used for the coating slips according to the invention, in which the amino functions released, bound in the polymer, form an ammonium formate with the split-off formic acid.
3030
Auch die Herstellung von Copolymerisaten von N-Vinylformamid und monoethylenisch ungesättigten Carbonsäuren mit 3 bis 8 C-Atomen und/oder deren Alkalimetall-, Erdalkalimetall- oder Ammoniumsalze, wie beispielsweise Acrylsäure oder Methacrylsäure, sowieThe preparation of copolymers of N-vinylformamide and monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids with 3 to 8 carbon atoms and / or their alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium salts, such as acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, and
35 gegebenenf lls anderer ethylenisch ungesättigter, copolymerisie - render Verbindungen, sowie deren Verwendung als Zusatz zum Papierstoff zur Erhöhung der Entwässerungsgeschwindigkeit und der Retention bei der Papierherstellung sowie der Trocken- und Naßfestigkeit des Papiers, ist aus der DE-Al 42 41 117 (entspricht US35 possibly other ethylenically unsaturated, copolymerizing compounds, as well as their use as an additive to the paper stock to increase the drainage rate and retention in paper manufacture as well as the dry and wet strength of the paper, is from DE-Al 42 41 117 (corresponds to US
40 56 30 907) bekannt und führt zu anionischen Copolymeren, die ebenfalls erfindungsgemäß für Streichmassen verwendet werden können. Als Monomere der onoethylenisch ungesättigten Carbonsäuren mit 3 bis 8 C-Atomen sowie die wasserlöslichen Salze dieser Monomeren kommen beispielsweise in Betracht: Acrylsäure, Methacryls ure, Dimethylacrylsäure, Ethacrylsäure, Maleinsäure, Citraconsäure, Methylenmalonsäure, Allylessigsäure, Vinylessigsäure, Croton- " säure, Fumarsäure, Mesaconsäure und Itaconsäure. Aus dieser Gruppe von Monomeren verwendet man vorzugsweise Acrylsäure, Methacrylsaure, Maleinsäure oder auch Mischungen der genannten Carbonsäuren, insbesondere Mischungen aus Acrylsäure und Maleinsäure oder Mischungen aus Acrylsäure und Methacrylsaure. Diese Monomere oder Gemische davon können entweder in Form der freien Carbonsäuren oder in partiell oder vollständig neutralisierter Form bei der Copolymerisation eingesetzt werden.40 56 30 907) and leads to anionic copolymers which can also be used according to the invention for coating slips. Examples of suitable monomers of the onoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids having 3 to 8 carbon atoms and the water-soluble salts of these monomers are: acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, dimethylacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, maleic acid, citraconic acid, methylene malonic acid, allylacetic acid, vinyl acetic acid, crotonic acid, fumaric acid, From this group of monomers, preference is given to using acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid or else mixtures of the carboxylic acids mentioned, in particular mixtures of acrylic acid and maleic acid or mixtures of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid. These monomers or mixtures thereof can either be in the form of the free carboxylic acids or be used in partially or completely neutralized form in the copolymerization.
Das Gewichtsverhältnis von Vinylformamid zu monoethylenisch ungesättigter Carbonsäure mit 3 bis 8 C-Atomen und/oder deren Alkali - metall-, Erdalkalimetall- oder Ammoniumsalze im Monomerengemisch kann sich zwischen 100 : 0 und 70 : 30 bewegen, wobei Gewichts - Verhältnisse zwischen 100 : 0 und 80 : 20 , besonders aber zwi- sehen 100 : 0 und 90 : 10 bevorzugt sind.The weight ratio of vinylformamide to monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid with 3 to 8 carbon atoms and / or their alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium salts in the monomer mixture can vary between 100: 0 and 70:30, with weight ratios between 100: 0 and 80:20, but especially between 100: 0 and 90:10 are preferred.
Auch nichtionische Copolymerisate von N-Vinylformamid mit weiteren wasserlöslichen Vinylmonomeren können in den erfindungsgemäßen Papierstreichmassen die Wirksamkeit des optischen Aufhei - lers verstärken. Als weitere wasserlösliche Vinylmonomere kommen hierfür N-Vinylpyrrolidon und andere N-Vinyllactame, wie z.B. N-Vinylcaprolactam, sowie N-Vinyl-N-Alkyl-carbonsäureamide oder N-Vinyl-carbonsäureamide, wie z. B. N-Vinylacetamid, N-Vinyl- N-methylformamid und N-Vinyl-N-methylacetamid, in Betracht. Es können auch Gemische davon eingesetzt werden.Nonionic copolymers of N-vinylformamide with other water-soluble vinyl monomers can also increase the effectiveness of the optical heat-up agent in the paper coating slips of the invention. N-vinyl pyrrolidone and other N-vinyl lactams, such as e.g. N-vinyl caprolactam, and N-vinyl-N-alkyl carboxamides or N-vinyl carboxamides, such as. B. N-vinyl acetamide, N-vinyl-N-methylformamide and N-vinyl-N-methylacetamide, into consideration. Mixtures of these can also be used.
Als Monomeres bevorzugt ist N-Vinylpyrrolidon.N-vinylpyrrolidone is preferred as the monomer.
Die Zusammensetzung der (Co) Polymerisate ist im allgemeinen wie folgt:The composition of the (co) polymers is generally as follows:
N-Vinylformamid:Nvinylformamide:
1-100 Gewichtsteile, bevorzugt 2-80, besonders bevorzugt 5-801-100 parts by weight, preferably 2-80, particularly preferably 5-80
Wasserlösliches kationisches Monomer:Water soluble cationic monomer:
0-10 Gewichtsteile, bevorzugt 0,5-8, besonders bevorzugt 1-50-10 parts by weight, preferably 0.5-8, particularly preferably 1-5
Acrylsäure oder Methacrylsaure und/oder deren Salze oder Gemische davon: 0-30 Gewichtsteile, bevorzugt 1-20, besonders bevorzugt 2-10Acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and / or their salts or mixtures thereof: 0-30 parts by weight, preferably 1-20, particularly preferably 2-10
Weiteres wasserlösliches Vinylmonomer :Another water soluble vinyl monomer:
5 0-90 Gewichtsteile, bevorzugt 0,5-80, besonders bevorzugt 5-505 0-90 parts by weight, preferably 0.5-80, particularly preferably 5-50
Eine häufige, aber nicht die einzige Methode zur Herstellung der bisher angeführten (Co) Polymerisate ist die radikalische (Co) Polymerisation in einem Lösungs- oder Verdünnungsmittel.A free-radical (co) polymerization in a solvent or diluent is a common, but not the only method for the preparation of the (co) polymers mentioned above.
1010
Die radikalische (Co) Polymerisation solcher Monomere erfolgt bei¬ spielsweise in wäßriger Lösung in Gegenwart von Polymerisationsinitiatoren, die unter Polymerisationsbedingungen in Radikale zerfallen. Die (Co) Polymerisation kann in einem weiten Temperaturbe-The radical (co) polymerization of such monomers is carried out at ¬ play, in aqueous solution in the presence of polymerization initiators which decompose into free radicals under polymerization conditions. The (co) polymerization can be carried out in a wide temperature range.
15 reich, gegebenenfalls unter vermindertem oder auch unter erhöhtem Druck in der Regel bei Temperaturen bis zu 100 °C vorgenommen werden. Der pH-Wert des Reaktionsgemisches wird gewöhnlich in. dem Bereich von 4 bis 10 eingestellt.15 rich, if necessary under reduced or also under increased pressure, generally at temperatures up to 100 ° C. The pH of the reaction mixture is usually adjusted in the range of 4 to 10.
20 Die (Co) Polymerisation kann aber auch in anderer, dem Fachmann an sich bekannter Weise durchgeführt werden, z.B. als Lösungs-, Fäl- lungs-, Wasser-in-Öl-Emulsions- oder umgekehrte Suspensionspolymerisation. Bevorzugt ist die Lösungspolymerisation.The (co) polymerization can, however, also be carried out in another manner known per se to the person skilled in the art, e.g. as solution, precipitation, water-in-oil emulsion or reverse suspension polymerization. Solution polymerization is preferred.
25 Dabei wird das N-Vinylformamid unter Verwendung radikalischer Polymerisationsinitiatoren, z.B. in Radikale zerfallende Azoverbin- dungen, wie 2, 2 ' -Azo-bis (isobutyronitril) , 2, 2 ' -Azobis- (2-amidi- nopropan) -hydrpchlorid oder 4, ' -Azo-bis- (4' -cyan-pentansäure) (co) polymerisiert.25 Here, the N-vinylformamide is used using radical polymerization initiators, e.g. radical-decomposing azo compounds, such as 2, 2'-azobis (isobutyronitrile), 2, 2 'azobis (2-amidinopropane) hydrate chloride or 4,' azobis (4 'cyan) -pentanoic acid) (co) polymerized.
3030
Die genannten Verbindungen werden meist in Form wäßriger Lösungen eingesetzt, wobei die untere Konzentration durch die in der (Co) Polymerisation vertretbare Wassermenge und die obere Konzentration durch die Löslichkeit der betreffenden Verbindung in Was -The compounds mentioned are mostly used in the form of aqueous solutions, the lower concentration due to the amount of water which is acceptable in the (co) polymerization and the upper concentration due to the solubility of the compound in question in water.
35 ser bestimmt ist. Im allgemeinen beträgt die Konzentration 0,1 bis 30 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 0,5 bis 20 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt 1,0 bis 10 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Lösung.35 water is determined. The concentration is generally 0.1 to 30% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight, particularly preferably 1.0 to 10% by weight, based on the solution.
Die Menge der Initiatoren beträgt im allgemeinen 0,1 bis 40 10 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 0,5 bis 5 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die zu (co)po- lymerisierenden Monomeren. Es können auch mehrere, verschiedene Initiatoren bei der (Co) Polymerisation Verwendung finden.The amount of initiators is generally 0.1 to 40 10% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 5% by weight, based on the monomers to be (co) polymerized. Several different initiators can also be used in the (co) polymerization.
45 Als Lösungs- oder Verdünnungsmittel können dienen z.B. Wasser, Alkohole, wie Methanol, Ethanol, n- oder iso-Propanol, n- oder iso-Butanol, oder Ketone, wie Aceton, Ethylmethylketon, Diethyl- keton oder iso-Butylmethylketon.45 Examples of solvents or diluents which can be used are water, alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, n- or iso-propanol, n- or iso-butanol, or ketones, such as acetone, ethyl methyl ketone, diethyl ketone or iso-butyl methyl ketone.
Gegebenenfalls kann die (Co) Polymerisation in Gegenwart von Polymerisationsreglern, wie beispielsweise Hydroxylammoniumsalze, chlorierte Kohlenwasserstoffe und Thioverbindungen, wie z.B. tert.-Butylmercaptan, Thioglycolsäureethylacrylester, Mercaptoe- thynol, Mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilan, Dodecylmercaptan, tert.- Dodecyl ercaptan oder Alkalimetallhypophosphite, durchgeführt werden. Bei der (Co) Polymerisation können diese Regler, z. B. in Mengen von 0 bis 0,8 Gew. -Teile, bezogen auf 100 Gew. -Teile der zu (co) polymerisierenden Monomeren, eingesetzt werden, durch die die Molmasse des entstehenden (Co) Polymers verringert wird.Optionally, the (co) polymerization can be carried out in the presence of polymerization regulators such as hydroxylammonium salts, chlorinated hydrocarbons and thio compounds such as e.g. tert-Butyl mercaptan, thioglycolic acid, ethyl acrylate, mercaptoethynol, mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, dodecyl mercaptan, tert-dodecyl ercaptan or alkali metal hypophosphites. In the (co) polymerization, these regulators, e.g. B. in amounts of 0 to 0.8 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the monomers to be (co) polymerized, by which the molecular weight of the resulting (co) polymer is reduced.
Bei der Emulsionspolymerisation werden ionische und/oder nichtionische Emulgatoren' und/oder Schutzkolloide bzw. Stabilisatoren als grenzflächenaktive Verbindungen verwendet.In the emulsion polymerization, ionic and / or nonionic emulsifiers' and / or protective colloids or stabilizers as surface-active compounds.
Je nach Polymerisationsbedingungen erhält man bei der (Co) Polymerisation (Co) Polymerisate eines unterschiedlichen Molekulargewichtes, das in der EP-Bl 71 050 und im folgenden mit Hilfe der K-Werte nach- Fikentscher (gemessen in 0,5 Gew%iger wäßriger Koch- Salzlösung bei 25 °C) charakterisiert wird. (Co) Polymerisate mit einem hohen K-Wert, z.B. oberhalb von 80, werden vorzugsweise durch (Co) Polymerisieren des N-Vinylformamids in Wasser hergestellt. (Co) Polymerisate mit einem hohen K-Wert mit hohen Molekulargewichten erhält man darüberhinaus beispielsweise durch (Co) Polymerisieren der Monomeren in Form der umgekehrten Suspensionspolymerisation oder durch (Co) Polymerisieren der Monomeren nach dem Verfahren der Wasser-in-Öl-Polymerisation.Depending on the polymerization conditions, the (co) polymerization gives (co) polymers of different molecular weights, which are described in EP-Bl 71 050 and subsequently with the aid of the K values according to Fikentscher (measured in 0.5% by weight aqueous cook - Saline solution at 25 ° C) is characterized. (Co) polymers with a high K value, e.g. above 80, are preferably prepared by (co) polymerizing the N-vinylformamide in water. (Co) polymers with a high K value and high molecular weights are also obtained, for example, by (co) polymerizing the monomers in the form of reverse suspension polymerization or by (co) polymerizing the monomers by the water-in-oil polymerization method.
Bei dem Verfahren der umgekehrten Suspensionspolymerisation sowie der Wasser-in-Öl-Polymerisation verwendet man als Olphase gesättigte Kohlenwasserstoffe, beispielsweise Hexan, Heptan, Cyclohe- xan, Dekalin oder aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie Benzol, To- luol, Xylol und Cumol. Das Verhältnis von Olphase zu wäßriger Phase beträgt bei der umgekehrten Suspensionspolymerisation bei- spielsweise 10:1 bis 1:10.In the process of reverse suspension polymerization and water-in-oil polymerization, saturated hydrocarbons, for example hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, decalin or aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene and cumene, are used as the oil phase. The ratio of oil phase to aqueous phase in the reverse suspension polymerization is, for example, 10: 1 to 1:10.
(Co) Polymerisat mit einem niedrigen K-Wert, z.B. unterhalb von 80, erhält man, wenn man die (Co) Polymerisation in Gegenwart von Polymerisationsreglern oder in einem Lösungsmittel durchführt, das die (Co) Polymerisation regelt, z.B. Alkohole, wie Methanol, Ethanol, n- oder iso-Propanol, oder Ketone, wie Aceton, Ethylme- thylketon, Diethylketon oder iso-Butylmethylketon.(Co) polymer with a low K value, for example below 80, is obtained if the (co) polymerization is carried out in the presence of polymerization regulators or in a solvent which regulates the (co) polymerization, for example alcohols, such as methanol, Ethanol, n- or iso-propanol, or ketones, such as acetone, ethyl methyl ketone, diethyl ketone or iso-butyl methyl ketone.
K-Werte mit niedrigen Molekulargewichten und entsprechend niedri- gen K-Werten erhält man weiterhin mit. Hilfe der üblichen Methoden, d.h. Einsatz größerer Mengen an Polymerisationsinitiator oder Verwendung -von Polymerisationsreglern oder Kombinationen der genannten Maßnahmen.K values with low molecular weights and correspondingly low K values continue to be obtained . Using the usual methods, ie using larger amounts of polymerization initiator or using polymerization regulators or combinations of the measures mentioned.
Das Molekulargewicht der erfindungsgemäß einsetzbaren (Co) Polymerisate ist nicht beschränkt, doch sollte es nicht zu hoch sein, damit die Streichmasse keine zu hohe Viskosität bekommt. Bevorzugt werden (Co) Polymerisate mit K-Werten zwischen 10 und 80, wobei K-Werte zwischen 30 und 70 besonders bevorzugt sind. Vinylformamid enthaltende (Co) Polymerisate können erfindungsgemäß sowohl in teilweise oder vollständig gespaltener als auch in ungespaltener Form eingesetzt werden. Bevorzugt ist ein Hydrolysegrad zwischen 0 und 30%, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 0 und 20% und ganz besonders bevorzugt zwischen 0 und 10%. Die Art der Ab- Spaltung der Formylgruppe ist dabei nicht beschränkt, sie kann beispielsweise in Gegenwart von Säure oder Base erfolgen, bevor-' zugt ist die 'Spaltung in Gegenwart von Basen, wie beispielsweise Natriumhydroxid, Kaliumhydroxid, Erdalkalimetallhydroxide, Ammoniak oder Amine. Dabei können durch Teilhydrolyse, z.B. eines (Meth)Acrylate und Vinylformamide in einpolymerisierter Form enthaltenden Copolymers, ämphotere (Co) Polymere entstehen.The molecular weight of the (co) polymers which can be used according to the invention is not restricted, but it should not be too high so that the coating slip does not become too high in viscosity. (Co) polymers with K values between 10 and 80 are preferred, with K values between 30 and 70 being particularly preferred. According to the invention, vinylformamide-containing (co) polymers can be used both in partially or completely cleaved and in uncleaved form. A degree of hydrolysis of between 0 and 30% is preferred, particularly preferably between 0 and 20% and very particularly preferably between 0 and 10%. The type of waste cleavage of the formyl group is not limited, it may for example be effected in the presence of acid or base, forthcoming 'Trains t is the' cleavage in the presence of bases such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, ammonia or amines. Partial hydrolysis, for example of a copolymer containing (meth) acrylates and vinylformamides in copolymerized form, can give rise to amphoteric (co) polymers.
Besonders einfach aber erhält man kationische Copolymerisate von Vinylformamid dadurch, daß man Homopolymerisate von Vinylformamid mit definierten Mengen von Säure oder Base hydrolytisch zu dem gewünschten Hydrolysegrad spaltet, wie in der EP-Bl 071 050 beschrieben. Die dabei an der Polymerkette entstehenden Aminogrup- pen sind je nach pH-Wert der Lösung mehr oder weniger protoniert und verleihen damit dem Polymeren einen mehr oder weniger katio- nisehen Charakter.Cationic copolymers of vinyl formamide can be obtained particularly simply by hydrolytically cleaving homopolymers of vinyl formamide with defined amounts of acid or base to the desired degree of hydrolysis, as described in EP-Bl 071 050. The resulting amino groups on the polymer chain are more or less protonated depending on the pH of the solution and thus give the polymer a more or less cationic character.
Wird eine Abspaltung der Formylgruppe gewünscht, so kann diese in Wasser durchgeführt werden.If the formyl group is desired to be split off, this can be carried out in water.
Die Abspaltung der Formylgruppe in der Hydrolyse erfolgt bei Temperaturen in dem Bereich von 20 bis 200, vorzugsweise 40 bis 180 °C, gegebenenfalls in Gegenwart von Säuren oder Basen. Die Hydrolyse wird vorzugsweise in dem Temperaturbereich von 70 bis 90 °C durchgeführt . Pro' Formylgruppenäquivalent im Poly-N-vinylformamid benötigt man für die saure Hydrolyse etwa 0,05 bis 1,5 Äquivalente einer Säure, wie Salzsäure, Bromwasserstoffsäure, Phosphorsäure, Schwefelsäure. Der pH-Wert bei der sauren Hydrolyse liegt in dem Be- reich von 2 bis 0, vorzugsweise bei 1 bis 0. Die Hydrolyse verläuft wesentlich rascher als die von (Co) Polymerisaten anderer N-Vinylcarbonsaureamide, wie z. B. des N-Methyl-N-Vinylformamids, und kann daher unter schonenderen Bedingungen, d.h. bei niedrigeren Temperaturen und ohne einen hohen Überschuß von Säuren, durchgeführt werden.The formyl group is split off in the hydrolysis at temperatures in the range from 20 to 200, preferably 40 to 180 ° C., if appropriate in the presence of acids or bases. The hydrolysis is preferably carried out in the temperature range from 70 to 90 ° C. About 0.05 to 1.5 equivalents of an acid, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, are required for the acid hydrolysis per ' formyl group equivalent in the poly-N-vinylformamide. The pH in acidic hydrolysis is in the range from 2 to 0, preferably from 1 to 0. The hydrolysis proceeds much faster than that of (co) polymers of other N-vinylcarboxamides, such as, for example, B. of N-methyl-N-vinylformamide, and can therefore be carried out under gentler conditions, ie at lower temperatures and without a large excess of acids.
Darüberhinaus läßt sich die Hydrolyse der Formylgruppen des Poly- N-vinylformamids auch in alkalischem Medium durchführen, z.B. in dem pH-Bereich von 11 bis 14.. Dieser pH-Wert wird vorzugsweise durch Zugabe von Natronlauge oder Kalilauge eingestellt. Es ist jedoch auch möglich Ammoniak, Amine und/oder Erdalkalimetallbasen zu verwenden. Für die alkalische Hydrolyse verwendet man 0,05 bis '1,5, vorzugsweise 0,4 bis 1,0 Äquivalente einer Base.In addition, the hydrolysis of the formyl groups of the poly-N-vinylformamide can also be carried out in an alkaline medium, e.g. in the pH range from 11 to 14 .. This pH is preferably adjusted by adding sodium hydroxide solution or potassium hydroxide solution. However, it is also possible to use ammonia, amines and / or alkaline earth metal bases. For alkaline hydrolysis, 0.05 to 1.5, preferably 0.4 to 1.0 equivalents of a base are used.
Die Spaltung kann auch bei hohen Temperaturen, beispielsweise über 100 °C, bevorzugt 120 bis 180 °C, besonders bevorzugt 140 bis 160 °C in Gegenwart eines Lösungsmittels, z.B. Wasser, ohne Säure oder Base durchgeführt werden. Bevorzugt wird dies bei Bedingungen oberhalb des kritischen Punktes durchgeführt, beispielsweise mit überkritischem Wasser.The cleavage can also be carried out at high temperatures, for example above 100 ° C, preferably 120 to 180 ° C, particularly preferably 140 to 160 ° C in the presence of a solvent, e.g. Water can be carried out without acid or base. This is preferably carried out under conditions above the critical point, for example with supercritical water.
Bei der Hydrolyse, d.h. die Formylgruppe wird in Wasser in Gegenwart von Säuren oder Basen, aus dem Poly-N-vinylformamid abgespalten, erhält man als Nebenprodukt Ameisensäure beziehungsweise Salze der Ameisensäure.In hydrolysis, i.e. the formyl group is split off from the poly-N-vinylformamide in water in the presence of acids or bases, and formic acid or salts of formic acid are obtained as a by-product.
Die dabei erhaltenen Lösungen können ohne weitere Aufarbeitung eingesetzt werden, die Hydrolyse- beziehungsweise Solvolysepro- dukte können aber auch abgetrennt werden.The solutions obtained can be used without further work-up, but the hydrolysis or solvolysis products can also be separated off.
Zur Abtrennung werden die erhaltenen Lösungen beispielsweise mit Ionentauschern behandelt. Der von den Hydrolyseprodukten abgetrennte Rückstand kann dann in die Streichmassen eingearbeitet werden.For the separation, the solutions obtained are treated, for example, with ion exchangers. The residue separated from the hydrolysis products can then be incorporated into the coating slips.
Die Menge an (Co) Polymeren von Vinylformamid, die der erfindungs- gemäßen Papierstreichmasse zugegeben wird, richtet sich nach der Menge des Aufhellers in der Streichmasse. Normalerweise gibt man 0,2 bis 2 Gewichtsteile optischen Aufheller pro 100 Gewichtsteile Pigment in die Streichmasse. Von dem (Co) Polymer gibt man üblicherweise die gleiche bis die fünffache Menge des optischen Aufhellers zur Streichmasse, also 0,2 bis 10 5 Gewichtsteile, bevorzugt 0,5 bis 8 und besonders bevorzugt 1 bis 5 Gewichtsteile.The amount of (co) polymers of vinylformamide that is added to the paper coating slip according to the invention depends on the amount of the brightener in the coating slip. Normally, 0.2 to 2 parts by weight of optical brightener per 100 parts by weight of pigment are added to the coating slip. Of the (co) polymer, the same to five times the amount of the optical brightener is usually added to the coating slip, ie 0.2 to 10 5 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 8 and particularly preferably 1 to 5 parts by weight.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Papierstreichmassen enthalten bevorzugt mindestens einen optischen Aufheller.The paper coating slips according to the invention preferably contain at least one optical brightener.
1010
Die Verarbeitung der erfindungsgemäßen Streichmassen erfolgt völlig analog der Verarbeitung von Streichfarben nach dem Stand der Technik, z.B. nach "The Essential Guide to Aqueous Coating of Paper and Board", T.W.R. Dean (ed.), Published by the Paper Indus-The coating compositions of the invention are processed completely analogously to the processing of coating colors according to the prior art, e.g. according to "The Essential Guide to Aqueous Coating of Paper and Board", T.W.R. Dean (ed.), Published by the Paper Indus-
15 try Technical Association (PITA) , 1997 oder "Ratgeber für die Verwendung von BASF-Erzeugnissen in der Papier- und Kartonstrei- cherei", BASF Aktiengesellschaft, D-6700 Ludwigshafen, Bundesrepublik Deutschland, B 376 d, 09.77.15 try Technical Association (PITA), 1997 or "Guide for the use of BASF products in paper and board coating", BASF Aktiengesellschaft, D-6700 Ludwigshafen, Federal Republic of Germany, B 376 d, 09.77.
20 Neben dem erfindungsgemäßen Additiv enthalten die erfindungsgemäß Papierstreichmassen noch mindestens ein Weißpigment und mindestens ein Bindemittel.In addition to the additive according to the invention, the paper coating slips according to the invention also contain at least one white pigment and at least one binder.
Die Papierstreichmassen können noch weitere dem Fachmann bekannte 25 Bestandteile enthalten. In Betracht kommen z.B. Verlaufshilfsmittel, Benetzungshilfsmittel für die Pigmente etc.The paper coating slips can also contain further constituents known to the person skilled in the art. For example, Flow aids, wetting aids for the pigments etc.
Die optischen Aufheller, die in Verbindung mit den erfindungsgemäßen Streichmassen verwendet werden können, sind nicht be- 30 schränkt. Es können die handelsüblichen Stilbenderivate, die mit bis zu 6 Sulfonsäuregruppen substituiert sind, z.B. Blankophor PSG der Firma Bayer AG, oder deren Derivate, oder 4, 4' -Distyryl- biphenylderivate verwendet werden.The optical brighteners which can be used in conjunction with the coating slips according to the invention are not restricted. The commercially available stilbene derivatives which are substituted with up to 6 sulfonic acid groups, e.g. Blankophor PSG from Bayer AG, or their derivatives, or 4, 4 '-distyryl-biphenyl derivatives can be used.
35 Die in den erfindungsgemäßen Streichmassen verwendbaren Pigmente sind ebenfalls nicht beschränkt. Beispielsweise können Satinweiß (Kalziumsulfoaluminat) , Kalziumcarbonat in gemahlener oder gefällter (präzipitierter) Form, Bariumsulfat in gemahlener oder gefällter Form, Kaolin (Clay) , kalzinierter Clay, Talkum, Sili-35 The pigments which can be used in the coating slips according to the invention are likewise not restricted. For example, satin white (calcium sulfoaluminate), calcium carbonate in ground or precipitated form, barium sulfate in ground or precipitated form, kaolin (clay), calcined clay, talc, sili-
^0 kate, Kreide oder Streichclay oder organische Pigmente, z. B. Kunststoffe in Teilchenform, verwendet werden.^ 0 kate, chalk or coating clay or organic pigments, e.g. B. plastics in particle form can be used.
Die in den erfindungsgemäßen Streichmassen verwendbaren Binder ( (co)polymere Bindemittel) sind ebenfalls nicht beschränkt. Bei- " spielsweise können Casein, Stärke, Soja-Protein, Carboxymethyl - cellulose, Alginat und/oder Polyvinylakohol oder Dispersionen, die Acrylsäure, Acrylsäureester, Vinylacetat und/oder Styrol in einpolymerisierter Form enthalten, z.B. (Co) Polymere aus Acryle- ster/Styrol, Styrol/Butadien oder Vinylacetat, verwendet werden. Die Papierstreichmassen können weiterhin z.B. Dispergiermittel enthalten. Geeignete Dispergiermittel sind Polyanionen, beispielsweise von Polyphosphorsauren oder von Polyacrylsäuren (Po- lysalze) , welche üblicherweise in Mengen von 0,1 bis 3 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Pigmentmenge, enthalten sind.The binders ((co) polymeric binders) which can be used in the coating slips according to the invention are likewise not restricted. For example, casein, starch, soy protein, carboxymethyl cellulose, alginate and / or polyvinyl alcohol or dispersions, which contain acrylic acid, acrylic acid ester, vinyl acetate and / or styrene in polymerized form, for example (co) polymers made from acrylic ester / styrene, styrene / butadiene or vinyl acetate. The paper coating slips can also contain, for example, dispersants. Suitable dispersants are polyanions, for example of polyphosphoric acids or of polyacrylic acids (poly salts), which are usually present in amounts of 0.1 to 3% by weight, based on the amount of pigment.
Zur Herstellung der Papierstreichmasse werden die Bestandteile in bekannter Weise gemischt, wobei das (Co) Polymere im allgemeinen in Form einer Dispersion, Suspension oder Lösung verwendet wird.To produce the paper coating slip, the constituents are mixed in a known manner, the (co) polymer generally being used in the form of a dispersion, suspension or solution.
Der Gehalt an Wasser in der Papierstreichmasse wird üblicherweise auf 25 bis 75 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die gesamte Papierstreichmasse (inclusive Wasser) , eingestellt.The water content in the paper coating slip is usually set to 25 to 75% by weight, based on the total paper coating slip (including water).
Die Papierstreichmasse kann nach üblichen Verfahren auf die zu beschichtenden Papiere aufgebracht werden (vgl. Ullmann's Ency- clopädie der Technischen Chemie, 4. Auflage, Bd. 17, S. 603 ff)..The paper coating slip can be applied to the papers to be coated by customary methods (cf. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Technical Chemistry, 4th edition, vol. 17, pp. 603 ff).
Gegebenenfalls kann noch ein Verdicker zugesetzt werden. Als Verdicker kommen neben radikalisch (co)polymerisierten (Co) Polymerisaten,, übliche organische und anorganische Verdicker wie Hydroxy- methylcellulose oder Bentonit in Betracht.If necessary, a thickener can be added. In addition to radical (co) polymerized (co) polymers, conventional organic and inorganic thickeners such as hydroxymethylcellulose or bentonite are suitable as thickeners.
Bei den Papiersteichmassen handelt es sich meist um wäßrige 'Papierstreichmassen. Der Wassergehalt kann je nach gewünschter Viskosität oder Verlaufeigenschaften eingestellt werden.The paper coating slips are mostly aqueous ' paper coating slips. The water content can be adjusted depending on the desired viscosity or flow properties.
Zur Herstellung der Papierstreichmasse können die Bestandteile in bekannter Weise gemischt werden. Die erfindungsgemäßen Papierstreichmassen eignen sich zur Beschichtung z.B. von Papier oder Karton. Die Papierstreichmasse kann dann nach üblichen Verfahren auf die zu beschichtenden Papiere oder Karton aufgebracht werden.To produce the paper coating slip, the components can be mixed in a known manner. The paper coating slips according to the invention are suitable for coating e.g. of paper or cardboard. The paper coating slip can then be applied to the papers or cardboard to be coated by customary methods.
Die mit den erfindungsgemäßen Papierstreichmassen beschichteten Papiere oder Kartons können in üblichen Verfahren, z.B. Offset-, Hoch- oder Tiefdruckverfahren bedruckt werden.The papers or cardboards coated with the paper coating slips according to the invention can be prepared in conventional processes, e.g. Offset, letterpress or gravure printing processes can be printed.
Die folgenden Beispiele sollen die Eigenschaften der erfindungs- gemäßen Papierstreichmassen erläutern, ohne sie aber auf diese Streichmassen einzuschränken.The following examples are intended to explain the properties of the paper coating slips according to the invention, but without restricting them to these coating slips.
Als "Teile" seien in dieser Anmeldung, wenn nicht anders angegeben, "Gewichtsteile" verstanden. Beisp iel 1 :Unless otherwise stated, "parts" in this application are understood to mean "parts by weight". Example 1 :
Es wurde eine Streichmasse mit der folgenden Zusammensetzung hergestellt: 5A coating slip with the following composition was produced: 5
70 Teile Calciumcarbonat (Hydrocarb 90, Plüss-Staufer AG) 30 Teile Kaolin (Amazon 88, Kaolin International)70 parts calcium carbonate (Hydrocarb 90, Plüss-Staufer AG) 30 parts kaolin (Amazon 88, Kaolin International)
8 Teile Styrol-Butadien-Latex (Styronal D 610, BASF Aktiengesellschaft)8 parts styrene-butadiene latex (Styronal D 610, BASF Aktiengesellschaft)
10 ®10 ®
0,5 Teile optischer Aufheller (Blankophor PSG, Bayer AG)0.5 parts optical brightener (Blankophor PSG, Bayer AG)
sowie als Cobinder:and as a cobinder:
1 „3.. 0,5 Teile Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC 7L2T, Hercules GmbH)1 "3 .. 0.5 parts carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC 7L2T, Hercules GmbH)
bzw.respectively.
0,5 Teile Polyvinylformamid (PVFA) mit dem K-Wert 51 und einem0.5 parts of polyvinylformamide (PVFA) with a K value of 51 and one
20 Hydrolysegrad wie in Tabelle 1 angegeben.20 Degree of hydrolysis as indicated in Table 1.
Die Streichfarben wurden mit einem Feststoffgehalt von 68,1 Gew% auf ein olzfreies Papier mit dem Flächengewicht 70 g/m2 zu einem Strichgewicht von 16 g/m2 aufgetragen und danach satiniert.The coating colors were applied with a solids content of 68.1% by weight to an oil-free paper with a basis weight of 70 g / m 2 to a coat weight of 16 g / m 2 and then satinized.
2525
Die Aufhellung des Papiers wurde bestimmt nach DIN 53 145, Teil 2.The lightening of the paper was determined according to DIN 53 145, part 2.
Die CIE-Weiße des Papiers wurde gemessen nach ISO 2469.The CIE whiteness of the paper was measured according to ISO 2469.
3030
Die Farbdichte bei der Bestimmung der Trockenrupffestigkeit nach IGT mit der Lorilleux-Farbe 3808 bei 85 -cm/s wurde mit dem Gretag Densitometer ermittelt.The color density when determining the dry pick resistance according to IGT with the Lorilleux color 3808 at 85 cm / s was determined with the Gretag densitometer.
35 Die Farbdichte bei. der Bestimmung der Nassrupffestigkeit mit dem Prüfbaugerät mit der Lorilleux-Farbe 3804 bei 35 cm/s wurde mit dem Gretag Densitometer ermittelt. 35 The color density at. The determination of the wet pick resistance with the test device with the Lorilleux color 3804 at 35 cm / s was determined with the Gretag densitometer.
Außerdem wurde der Druckglanz nach Lehmann 75° der Papiere gemes0 sen.In addition, the printing gloss was measured according to Lehmann 75 ° of the papers.
Die Ergebnisse der Prüfung der beschichteten Papiere sind der Tabelle 1 zu entnehmen.The results of the examination of the coated papers are shown in Table 1.
5 5
Die erfindungsgemäßen Streichmassen, die ein Polyvinylformamid (PVFA) enthalten, erfahren eine stärkere optische Aufhellung und eine besitzen höhere Weiße nach CIE als die Streichmassen, die dem Stande der Technik entsprechend Carboxymethylcellulose als Cobinder enthalten. Es ist ferner ersichtlich, daß Polyvinylfor- mamide, die zu einem gewissen Grad hydrolysiert und damit kationisch sind, eine höhere Aufhellung und CIE-Weiße bringen als nichtionisches PVFA. Außerdem erkennt man, daß die Streichmassen, die ein Polyvinylformamid enthalten, sowohl in der Trockenrupffestigkeit als auch in der Nassrupffestigkeit deutlich bessere Ei-' genschaften aufweisen, als diejenigen, die CMC als Cobinder enthalten. Schließlich ergeben die erfindungsgemäßen Streichmassen auch einen deutlich höheren Druckglanz.The coating slips according to the invention, which contain a polyvinylformamide (PVFA), experience a stronger optical brightening and have a higher whiteness according to CIE than the coating slips which contain carboxymethyl cellulose as cobinder according to the prior art. It can also be seen that polyvinylformamides, which are hydrolyzed to a certain extent and are therefore cationic, bring about a higher lightening and CIE whiteness than non-ionic PVFA. In addition, it is seen that the coating compositions which contain a polyvinylformamide properties have both in the dry pick as significantly better in the wet pick resistance egg ', than those which contain CMC as cobinder. Finally, the coating slips according to the invention also give a significantly higher gloss.
Beispiel 2 :Example 2:
Es wurde eine Streichmasse mit der folgenden Zusammensetzung hergestellt:A coating slip with the following composition was produced:
70 Teile Calciumcarbonat (Hydrocarb 90, Plüss-Staufer AG)' 30 Teile Kaolin (Amazon 88, Kaolin International)70 parts calcium carbonate (Hydrocarb 90, Pluss-Staufer AG) '30 parts of kaolin (Amazon 88, Kaolin International)
8 Teile Styrol-Butadien-Latex (Styronal D 615, BASF Aktiengesellschaft) 0,5 Teile optischer Aufheller (Blankophor PSG, Bayer AG)8 parts styrene-butadiene latex (Styronal D 615, BASF Aktiengesellschaft) 0.5 parts optical brightener (Blankophor PSG, Bayer AG)
Als Cobinder wurden verwendet:The following were used as cobinder:
0,5 Teile Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC 7L2T, Hercules GmbH)0.5 parts carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC 7L2T, Hercules GmbH)
bzw.respectively.
0,5 Teile Polyvinylalkohol (Mowiol^ 6-98, Clariant Aktiengesell- . schaff)0.5 parts polyvinyl alcohol (Mowiol ^ 6-98, Clariant Aktiengesellschaft.
bzw.respectively.
0 , 5 und ι;o Teile Polyvinylformamide (PVFA) mit dem K-Wert 45 und einem Hydrolysegrad von 5%.0, 5 and ι ; o Parts of polyvinylformamide (PVFA) with a K value of 45 and a degree of hydrolysis of 5%.
Die Streichmassen wurden verarbeitet wie in Beispiel 1 beschrie¬ ben.The coating slips were processed as in Example 1 ben beschrie ¬.
Die Aufhellung und Weiße der satinierten Papiere und der Druck- glänz wurden bestimmt wie in Beispiel 1 beschrieben.The lightening and whiteness of the satinized papers and the printing gloss were determined as described in Example 1.
Die Prüfungsergebnisse sind in Tabelle 2 dargestellt.The test results are shown in Table 2.
Tabelle 2:Table 2:
Polyvinylohne CMC alkohol Kationisches PVFAPolyvinyl without CMC alcohol Cationic PVFA
7L2T Mowiol Hydrolysegrad 5 % 6-987L2T Mowiol degree of hydrolysis 5% 6-98
0,5 % 0,5 % 0,5 % 1,0 %0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 1.0%
Weiße RWhite R
457 % 89,8 91,2 93,0 94,3 95,0 mit UV457% 89.8 91.2 93.0 94.3 95.0 with UV
Weiße RWhite R
457 % 85,0 85,8 86,1 87,0 86,8 ohne UV457% 85.0 85.8 86.1 87.0 86.8 without UV
Aufhel8,2Aufhel8,2
% 4,8 5,4 6,9 7,3 • lung% 4.8 5.4 6.9 7.3 • lung
Weißewhite
CIE % 99,3 103,5 111,0 113,1 116,6CIE% 99.3 103.5 111.0 113.1 116.6
Druck-Print-
% 72,6 72,2 70,2 73,8 75,5 glänz Aus der Tabelle 2 ist zu erkennen, daß die erfindungsgemäßen Streichmassen, die Polyvinylformamid enthalten, eine höhere Weiße und einen stärkeren Druckglanz ergeben als die Streichmassen, die andere Cobinder enthalten.% 72.6 72.2 70.2 73.8 75.5 gloss It can be seen from Table 2 that the coating slips according to the invention which contain polyvinylformamide give a higher whiteness and a stronger printing gloss than the coating slips which contain other cobinders.
Beispiel 3:Example 3:
Es wurde eine Streichmasse mit der folgenden Zusammensetzung hergestellt:.A coating slip with the following composition was produced:
70 Teile Calciumcarbonat (Hydrocarb 90, Plüss-Staufer AG) 30 Teile Kaolin (Amazon 88, Kaolin International) 8 Teile Styrol-Butadien-Latex (Styronal PR 8736, BASF Aktiengesellschaft) 0,5 Teile optischer Aufheller (Blankophor PSG, Bayer AG)70 parts calcium carbonate (Hydrocarb 90, Plüss-Staufer AG) 30 parts kaolin (Amazon 88, Kaolin International) 8 parts styrene-butadiene latex (Styronal PR 8736, BASF Aktiengesellschaft) 0.5 parts optical brightener (Blankophor PSG, Bayer AG)
Als Cobinder wurden verwendet:The following were used as cobinder:
1,0 Teile Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC 7L2T, Hercules GmbH)1.0 part carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC 7L2T, Hercules GmbH)
bzw.respectively.
1,0 Teile Copolymerisat auf Acrylatbasis (Aerosol C 50 L, BASF' 1.0 part acrylate-based copolymer (Aerosol C 50 L, BASF '
Aktiengesellschaft)Aktiengesellschaft)
bzw.respectively.
1,0 Teile Polyvinylformamide (PVFA) mit dem K-Wert 50 und1.0 parts of polyvinylformamide (PVFA) with a K value of 50 and
Hydrolysegraden von 1% bzw. 5%.Degrees of hydrolysis of 1% and 5%.
Die Streichmassen wurden verarbeitet wie in Beispiel 1 beschrieben.The coating slips were processed as described in Example 1.
Die Aufhellungen und Weißen der satinierten Papiere und ihre Trocken- und Nassrupffestigkeiten wurden bestimmt wie in Beispiel 1 beschrieben.The lightening and whiteness of the satinized papers and their dry and wet picking strengths were determined as described in Example 1.
Die Prüfungsergebnisse sind in Tabelle 3 angegeben.' Tabelle 3 :The test results are shown in Table 3. ' Table 3:
Die in der Tabelle 3 dargestellten Ergebnisse bestätigen, daß bei Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Streichmassen, die mit den beschriebenen Additiven hergestellt wurden, Papiere mit höherer Weiße und größerer Festigkeit erhalten werden als bei der Verwendung von Streichmassen, die Cobinder gemäß dem Stand der Technik enthalten.The results shown in Table 3 confirm that when using the coating slips according to the invention, which were prepared with the additives described, papers with a higher whiteness and greater strength are obtained than when using coating slips containing cobinder according to the prior art.
Beispiel 4:Example 4:
Es wurde eine Streichmasse mit der ' folgenden Zusammensetzung hergestellt:A coating slip with the following composition was produced:
70 Teile Calciumcarbonat (Hydrocarb 90, Plüss-Staufer AG)70 parts calcium carbonate (Hydrocarb 90, Plüss-Staufer AG)
30 Teile Kaolin (Amazon 88, Kaolin International) (R)30 parts kaolin (Amazon 88, Kaolin International) ( R )
10 Teile Styrol-Acrylat-Latex (Acronal S 360 D, BASF Aktiengesellschaft)10 parts styrene-acrylate latex (Acronal S 360 D, BASF Aktiengesellschaft)
0,5 Teile Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC 7L2T, Hercules GmbH) als Cobinder für alle Rezepte0.5 parts carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC 7L2T, Hercules GmbH) as cobinder for all recipes
0,5 Teile optischer Aufheller (Blankophor PSG, Bayer AG)0.5 parts optical brightener (Blankophor PSG, Bayer AG)
Als zusätzlicher Cobinder wurden verwendet:The following were used as additional cobinder:
0,5 Teile Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC 7L2T, Hercules GmbH) bzw.0.5 parts carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC 7L2T, Hercules GmbH) respectively.
0,5 Teile Polyvinylformamid (PVFA) mit dem K-Wert 69 und einem Hydrolysegrad von 1%. 50.5 parts of polyvinylformamide (PVFA) with a K value of 69 and a degree of hydrolysis of 1%. 5
Die Streichmassen wurden verarbeitet wie in Beispiel 1 beschrieben.The coating slips were processed as described in Example 1.
Die Aufhellungen und Weißen der satinierten Papiere und ihre 10 Trocken- und Nassrupffestigkeiten wurden bestimmt wie in Beispiel 1 beschrieben.The lightening and whiteness of the satinized paper and their 10 dry and wet picking strengths were determined as described in Example 1.
Die Prüfungsergebnisse sind in Tabelle 4 wiedergegeben.The test results are shown in Table 4.
1515
2020
2525
3030
Die Ergebnisse in Tabelle 4 zeigen, daß die erfindungsgemäßen Streichmassen, auch dann eine Verbesserung bewirken, wenn bereits ein herkömmlicher Cobinder enthalten ist, wobei durch die Zugabe des neuartigen Additivs die Qualität des gestrichenen PapiersThe results in Table 4 show that the coating slips according to the invention bring about an improvement even if a conventional cobinder is already present, the quality of the coated paper being increased by the addition of the novel additive
35 deutlich höher wird als wenn man die gleiche Menge des bereits in der Streichfarbe vorhandenen Cobinders zugibt.35 becomes significantly higher than if you add the same amount of the cobinder already present in the coating color.
Beispiel 5:Example 5:
40 Es wurde eine Streichmasse mit der folgenden Zusammensetzung hergestellt:40 A coating slip with the following composition was produced:
70 Teile Calciumcarbonat (Hydrocarb 90, Plüss-Staufer AG) 30 Teile Kaolin (Amazon 88, Kaolin International) 45 10 - 12 Teile (siehe Tabelle 5) Styrol-Butadien-Latex (Styronal LD 615, BASF Aktiengesellschaft) 0,5 Teile optischer Aufheller (Blankophor PSG, Bayer AG)70 parts calcium carbonate (Hydrocarb 90, Plüss-Staufer AG) 30 parts kaolin (Amazon 88, Kaolin International) 45 10 - 12 parts (see Table 5) styrene-butadiene latex (Styronal LD 615, BASF Aktiengesellschaft) 0.5 parts optical brightener (Blankophor PSG, Bayer AG)
Sterocoll (R) FD wie in Tabelle 5 angegeben.Sterocoll (R) FD as shown in Table 5.
Als Cobinder wurden verwendet: R)The following were used as cobinders: R)
1,0 Teile oxidativ abgebaute Stärke (Emox TSC, Emsland-Stärke GmbH) vb,zw.1.0 parts of oxidatively degraded starch (Emox TSC, Emsland-Starch GmbH) vb, zw.
2 , 0 Teile oxidativ abgebaute Stärke (Emox TSC , Emsland-Stärke GmbH)2.0 parts of oxidatively degraded starch (Emox TSC, Emsland-Starch GmbH)
bzw .respectively .
0,5 Teile Polyvinylformamid (PVFA) mit dem K-Wert 69 und einem Hydrolysegrad (HG) von 1% bzw. 5%.0.5 parts polyvinyl formamide (PVFA) with a K value of 69 and a degree of hydrolysis (HG) 1% and 5% respectively.
Die Streichmassen wurden verarbeitet wie in Beispiel 1 beschrieben.The coating slips were processed as described in Example 1.
Die Aufhellungen und Weißen der satinierten Papiere und ihreThe lightening and whiteness of the satin papers and their
Nassrupffestigkeiten wurden bestimmt wie in Beispiel 1 beschrie- ,ben.Wet pick strengths were determined as described in Example 1.
Die Blisterresistenz wurde durch Eintauchen des beidseitig gestrichenen Papiere in heißes Öl (240°C) bestimmt. Die Blasenbildung wurde mit den Noten 1 (keine Blasen) bis 6 (sehr viele Blasen) beurteilt.Blister resistance was determined by immersing the coated paper in hot oil (240 ° C). The blistering was rated from 1 (no bubbles) to 6 (very many bubbles).
Die Prüfungsergebnisse sind in Tabelle 5 dargestellt. The test results are shown in Table 5.
Tabelle 5 :Table 5:
Der Tabelle 5 kann man entnehmen, daß abgebaute Stärken die Weiße des Papiers zwar ebenfalls erhöhen, in dieser ■ Hinsicht die Wirksamkeit der deutlich kleineren Mengen von Polyvinylformamiden aber nicht erreichen. Außerdem erkennt man, daß die mit Polyvinylformamiden als Cobinder hergestellten Papiere bei gleicher bis höherer Naßrupffestigkeit wesentlich weniger zum Blistern neigen als die mit Stärke hergestellten Papiere.It can be seen from Table 5 that degraded starches also increase the whiteness of the paper, but in this respect do not achieve the effectiveness of the significantly smaller amounts of polyvinylformamides. It can also be seen that the papers produced with polyvinylformamides as cobinder tend to blister much less than the papers made with starch, with the same to higher wet pick resistance.
Beispiel 6:Example 6:
Es wurde eine Streichmasse mit der folgenden Zusammensetzung hergestellt:A coating slip with the following composition was produced:
70 Teile Calciumcarbonat (Hydrocarb 90, Plüss-Staufer AG) 30 Teile Kaolin (Amazon 88, Kaolin International) 8 Teile Styrol-Butadien-Latex (Styronal D 610, BASF Aktiengesellschaft) 0,5 Teile optischer Aufheller (Blankophor PSG, Bayer AG)70 parts calcium carbonate (Hydrocarb 90, Plüss-Staufer AG) 30 parts kaolin (Amazon 88, Kaolin International) 8 parts styrene-butadiene latex (Styronal D 610, BASF Aktiengesellschaft) 0.5 parts optical brightener (Blankophor PSG, Bayer AG)
Als Cobinder wurden verwendet:The following were used as cobinder:
0,5 Teile Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC 7L2T, Hercules GmbH)0.5 parts carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC 7L2T, Hercules GmbH)
bzw.respectively.
0,5 Teile eines Copolymerisates aus Vinylformamid und Acrylsäure (VFA/AS) im Verhältnis 80 : 20 mit dem K-Wert 38 bzw .0.5 part of a copolymer of vinyl formamide and acrylic acid (VFA / AS) in a ratio of 80:20 with a K value of 38 respectively .
0,5 Teile eines Copolymerisates aus Vinylformamid und Acrylsäure (VFA/AS) im Verhältnis 90 : 10 mit dem K-Wert 43.0.5 part of a copolymer of vinylformamide and acrylic acid (VFA / AS) in a ratio of 90:10 with a K value of 43.
'Die Streichmassen wurden verarbeitet wie in Beispiel 1 beschrieben.The coating slips were processed as described in Example 1.
Die Aufhellungen und Weißen der satinierten Papiere wurden be¬ stimmt wie in Beispiel 1 beschrieben.The brightening and whiteness of the glazed papers were be ¬ true as described in Example. 1
Die Prüfungsergebnisse sind in Tabelle 6 aufgezeichnet.The test results are recorded in Table 6.
Tabelle 6:Table 6:
Die Versuche zeigen, daß auch die Zugabe von anionischen Polyvinylformamiden Streichmassen ergibt, die Papiere von höherer Weiße ergeben als Streichmassen, die Cobinder entsprechend dem Stand der Technik enthalten.The tests show that the addition of anionic polyvinylformamides also gives coating compositions which give papers of a higher whiteness than coating compositions which contain cobinder in accordance with the prior art.
Beispiel 7 :Example 7:
Es wurde eine Streichmasse mit der folgenden Zusammensetzung hergestellt:A coating slip with the following composition was produced:
(R) 70 Teile Calciumcarbonat (Omyalite 90, Plüss-Staufer AG)(R) 70 parts calcium carbonate (Omyalite 90, Plüss-Staufer AG)
30 Teile Kaolin (Amazon 88, Kaolin International) 10 Teile Styrol-Acrylat-Latex (Acronal'S 305 D, BASF Aktiengesellschaft) 0,5 Teile optischer Aufheller (Blankophor PSG, Bayer AG)30 parts kaolin (Amazon 88, Kaolin International) 10 parts styrene-acrylate latex (Acronal ' S 305 D, BASF Aktiengesellschaft) 0.5 parts optical brightener (Blankophor PSG, Bayer AG)
Als Cobinder wurden verwendet:The following were used as cobinder:
(R)(R)
2 Teile Polyvinylalkohol (Polyviol LL 603, Wacker-Chemie GmbH)2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol (Polyviol LL 603, Wacker-Chemie GmbH)
bzw. 3 , 5 Teile oxidativ abgebaute Stärke (Emox TSC , Emsl nd- Stärke. GmbH)respectively. 3, 5 parts of oxidatively degraded starch (Emox TSC, Emsl nd-Star. GmbH)
bzw.respectively.
■2 Teile Polyvinylformamid (PVFA) mit dem K-Wert 32 und den Hy¬ drolysegraden von 0 %, 1% und 5 %.■ 2 parts polyvinyl formamide (PVFA) with a K value of 32 and the Hy ¬ drolysegraden of 0%, 1% and 5%.
Die Streichmassen wurden verarbeitet wie in Beispiel 1 beschrie- ben.The coating slips were processed as described in Example 1.
Die Aufhellungen und Weißen der satinierten Papiere und ihre Trocken- und Nassrupffestigkeiten wurden bestimmt wie in Beispiel 1 beschrieben.The lightening and whiteness of the satinized papers and their dry and wet picking strengths were determined as described in Example 1.
Die Prüfungsergebnisse sind in Tabelle 7 dargestellt.The test results are shown in Table 7.
Tabelle 7:Table 7:
Die Tabelle 7 zeigt, daß auch die Zugabe von nichtionischen und kationischen Polyvinylformamiden mit einem niedrigen Molekulargewicht (K-Wert) zu Streichmassen Papiere mit stärkerer optischer Aufhellung ergibt als durch die Zugabe von Cobindern entsprechend dem Stande der Technik erreicht werden kann. Table 7 shows that the addition of nonionic and cationic polyvinylformamides with a low molecular weight (K value) to coating slips results in papers with greater optical brightening than can be achieved by the addition of co-binders according to the prior art.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Papierstreichmassen, als Additiv enthaltend Polymerisate oder 5 Copolymerisate, in denen N-Vinylformamid einpolymerisiert enthalten ist.1. paper coating slips, as an additive containing polymers or 5 copolymers in which N-vinylformamide is present in copolymerized form.
2. Papierstreichmassen nac Anspruch 1, in denen zusätzlich mindestens ein wasserlösliches kationisches Monomer einpolymeri0 siert enthalten ist.2. Paper coating slips according to claim 1, in which at least one water-soluble cationic monomer is additionally polymerized.
3. Papierstreichmassen nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, in denen zusätzlich Acrylsäure oder Methacrylsaure und/oder deren Salze oder Gemische davon einpolymerisiert enthalten, ist. 53. Paper coating slips according to one of the preceding claims, in which acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and / or their salts or mixtures thereof are additionally copolymerized. 5
4. Papierstreichmassen nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, in denen zusätzlich N-Vinylpyrrolidon einpolymerisiert enthalten ist.4. Paper coating slips according to one of the preceding claims, in which N-vinylpyrrolidone is additionally copolymerized.
° 5. Papierstreichmassen nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, in denen zusätzlich mindestens ein weiteres wasserlösliches Vi- nylmonomer einpolymerisiert enthalten ist.5. Paper coating slips according to one of the preceding claims, in which at least one further water-soluble vinyl monomer is additionally present in copolymerized form.
6. Papierstreichmassen nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, in denen das in den Polymerisaten oder Copolymerisaten einpolymerisiert enthaltene N-Vinylformamid teilweise gespalten ist.6. Paper coating slips according to one of the preceding claims, in which the N-vinylformamide contained in copolymerized form in the polymers or copolymers is partially split.
7. Verwendung von Polymerisaten oder Copolymerisaten, die N-Vinylformamid einpolymerisiert enthalten, als Additiv in Pa- pierStreichmassen.7. Use of polymers or copolymers which contain copolymerized N-vinylformamide as an additive in paper coating slips.
8. Verwendung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch .gekennzeichnet, daß in den Copolymerisaten Acrylsäure oder Methacrylsaure und/oder deren Salze oder Gemische davon einpolymerisiert enthalten 5 ist.8. Use according to claim 7, characterized in that the copolymers contain acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and / or their salts or mixtures thereof in copolymerized form 5.
9. Papier, bestrichen mit einer der Papierstreichmassen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6.9. paper coated with one of the paper coating slips according to one of claims 1 to 6.
10. Verwendung von Papier gemäß Anspruch 9 in einem Druckverfahren. 10. Use of paper according to claim 9 in a printing process.
EP01993722A 2000-11-09 2001-11-02 Paper coating slip containing n-vinyl formamide Expired - Lifetime EP1337710B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10055592A DE10055592A1 (en) 2000-11-09 2000-11-09 Paper coating composition, used for paper is used in printing, contains N-vinylformamide polymer or copolymer with water-soluble ionic monomer, e.g. (meth)acrylic acid or salt, as cobinder
DE10055592 2000-11-09
PCT/EP2001/012685 WO2002038861A1 (en) 2000-11-09 2001-11-02 Paper coating slip containing n-vinyl formamide

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WO2003020808A1 (en) * 2001-09-03 2003-03-13 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Reinforcement of the effect of optical brighteners by means of polymers
US20040182533A1 (en) * 2001-09-03 2004-09-23 Thierry Blum Method for increasing the whiteness of paper by means of cationic polyelectrolytes
WO2003022924A1 (en) * 2001-09-07 2003-03-20 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Polymer dispersions comprising vinylamide copolymers
DE102004045172A1 (en) * 2004-09-17 2006-03-23 Basf Ag Process for the preparation of single or multiple coated substrates with a coating composition comprising a binder before adhesion
DE102004045171A1 (en) * 2004-09-17 2006-03-23 Basf Ag Process for the preparation of mono- and / or multicoated substrates
US7731820B2 (en) * 2004-10-27 2010-06-08 Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation Compositions of fluorescent whitening agents
DE102004052957A1 (en) * 2004-10-29 2006-05-04 Basf Ag Process for producing creped paper
FR2911884B1 (en) * 2007-01-31 2010-02-26 Arjowiggins Licensing Sas OFFSET-PRINTING WHITE SHEET WHICH HAS A HIGH FLUORESCENCE POWER AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
CN101605940B (en) * 2007-02-08 2012-12-05 巴斯夫欧洲公司 Water-soluble binders for paper coating slips
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EP1337710B1 (en) 2005-08-24
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CA2428356A1 (en) 2002-05-16
CA2428356C (en) 2009-06-16

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