EP1321948A1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Radioisotopen aus einem Ziel - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Radioisotopen aus einem Ziel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1321948A1
EP1321948A1 EP01870288A EP01870288A EP1321948A1 EP 1321948 A1 EP1321948 A1 EP 1321948A1 EP 01870288 A EP01870288 A EP 01870288A EP 01870288 A EP01870288 A EP 01870288A EP 1321948 A1 EP1321948 A1 EP 1321948A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radioisotope
target
precursor
irradiation
heating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01870288A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Stéphane Lucas
Ray Bricault
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ion Beam Applications SA
Original Assignee
Ion Beam Applications SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ion Beam Applications SA filed Critical Ion Beam Applications SA
Priority to EP01870288A priority Critical patent/EP1321948A1/de
Priority to PCT/BE2002/000198 priority patent/WO2003063181A1/fr
Priority to AT02806546T priority patent/ATE363126T1/de
Priority to EP02806546A priority patent/EP1464060B1/de
Priority to DE60220316T priority patent/DE60220316T2/de
Publication of EP1321948A1 publication Critical patent/EP1321948A1/de
Priority to US10/873,378 priority patent/US20050069076A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21G—CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS; RADIOACTIVE SOURCES
    • G21G1/00—Arrangements for converting chemical elements by electromagnetic radiation, corpuscular radiation or particle bombardment, e.g. producing radioactive isotopes
    • G21G1/04—Arrangements for converting chemical elements by electromagnetic radiation, corpuscular radiation or particle bombardment, e.g. producing radioactive isotopes outside nuclear reactors or particle accelerators
    • G21G1/10—Arrangements for converting chemical elements by electromagnetic radiation, corpuscular radiation or particle bombardment, e.g. producing radioactive isotopes outside nuclear reactors or particle accelerators by bombardment with electrically charged particles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process and device for the production of radioisotopes from an essentially constituted target of an isotope precursor which is irradiated by a beam of accelerated particles, the radioisotope once produced being separated from its precursor.
  • a particular application of this The invention relates to the production of palladium 103 from of rhodium 103.
  • the rhodium-palladium 103 pair can be cited.
  • the target consists of rhodium, as an isotope precursor, deposited on a copper support.
  • This target is subjected to irradiation with a 14 MeV proton beam for 6 days, which induces a 103 Rh ⁇ 103 Pd reaction and makes it possible to obtain that approximately 1% of the rhodium 103 is transformed into palladium 103.
  • the target is discharged and brought to an armored enclosure called a "hot cell" which is intended to allow the separation of the isotope from its precursor.
  • the separation procedure described above is used.
  • the target consisting of the copper support and of the rhodium-palladium mixture is dissolved in solid form with a solution of strong acid such as a NH 3 + H 2 SO 4 mixture.
  • This dissolves the copper and keeps the rhodium and palladium in the form of precipitates. It then suffices to carry out a filtration at this time.
  • the separation of palladium from the palladium-rhodium mixture will be obtained by electro-dissolution of the mixture in a hydrochloric acid solution with chlorine flow to improve the yield (Applied Radiat. Isot. 38 (2), pp.
  • a final precipitation ends the process to isolate the palladium 103 from the rhodium 103 and condition it in the desired form.
  • the present invention aims to provide a process and device for producing radioisotopes which does not have the disadvantages of the state of the technical.
  • the present invention aims to provide a solution that reduces waste generation radioactive.
  • the present invention further aims to provide a process in which the target is not destroyed, and can therefore be reused for a new production of radioisotope.
  • the present invention further aims to provide a radioisotope with activity specific high.
  • radioisotope and “radioisotope” of interest "will be used interchangeably to designate the radioisotope that we are trying to produce, while the "precursor” will mean, as its name suggests, the element from which it is sought to obtain said radioisotope interest.
  • the radioisotope of interest is usually obtained by irradiation at using a proton beam from a solid target containing the precursor, the radioisotope of interest being produced within said target, also preferably in solid form.
  • the separation of the radioisotope of interest and of the precursor will therefore be to subject the solid target to heat treatment to obtain a reaction effusion, i.e. thermal separation of the radioisotope of interest.
  • the heat treatment used to getting this shedding can be any treatment operating by Joule effect.
  • the energy intended for heat treatment can come from irradiation with a beam of charged particles such as electrons, by the beam used for the nuclear reaction, by infrared radiation, by laser treatment, by plasma treatment or any other heat treatment adequate.
  • vacuum heating or under controlled inert atmosphere will provide quickly the desired bestowal effect.
  • the heat treatment will occur at within an effusion chamber separate from the chamber irradiation in order to obtain said effusion.
  • the collection and condensation stage can be carried out also within said effusion enclosure.
  • this effusion chamber will be provided with means for collecting and condensing said radioisotope extract.
  • Collection and condensation means can consist of a collection substrate such a ceramic, metallic or polymeric support, cold or cooled. Preferably, this substrate will have low adhesion characteristics.
  • this separation step could be carried out within a separation enclosure separate from the effusion chamber.
  • this separation enclosure includes an acid solution bath in which we can dip the collection substrate in view of obtaining a separation of the radioisotope from said collection substrate. Then it will be necessary to filter and separate said radioisotope for the purpose of condition in the desired form.
  • the heat treatment can be done directly within of the irradiation chamber, for example directly by irradiation by the charged particle beam which has allowed to transmute the radioisotope.
  • the means of collecting and condensation of the extracted radioisotope consist of a cold collection substrate.
  • the collection substrate has an interlayer with low adhesion characteristics with the radioisotope.
  • the device according to the invention further comprises means for separation of the radioisotope from said substrate collection.
  • the means of decoupling consist of an enclosure of separation comprising an acid solution bath in which is arranged the collection substrate with the radioisotope.
  • the present invention also relates in particular to the use of said method and of said device for the production of palladium 103 from rhodium 103.
  • it relates to the reaction 103 Rh ( p, n ) 103 Pd by irradiation of a proton beam.
  • pairs of metals can of course be envisaged for the implementation of the method (the couples 111 In / 111 Cd, 197 Hg / 197 Au, 95 Tc / 95 Mo, ).
  • Figures 1a and 1b describe so schematic the various stages of the preparation process of the radioisotope according to a first and a second form of the present invention, respectively.
  • FIGS 2a and 2b respectively describe effusion and separation chambers used for implementation of the methods according to the present invention.
  • Figure 3 describes a second form of execution in which the irradiation steps and effusion can be performed directly on-line at within the irradiation chamber.
  • Figures 4a and 4b describe so schematic a particle accelerator which can be used for the implementation of the method.
  • Figure 4a corresponds to a perspective view of this device, while Figure 4b corresponds to a top view.
  • FIG. 1a schematically describes the various stages of a first embodiment of the method for producing a radioisotope according to the present invention.
  • step A-target preparation a question of target 3 comprising precursor 1 of the radioisotope 4 (step A-target preparation).
  • Rh on a metal plate 2 which is in this case a copper plate. This is done usually by electrolysis, so as to obtain a depositing a thickness such as the proton beam used during irradiation (e.g. a beam of 14 MeV protons) loses at least three quarters of its energy within the target.
  • other techniques deposits such as evaporation, deposition techniques by plasma (direct current (DC), radio frequency or microwave) vacuum or atmospheric plasma (plasma spraying) can be used.
  • step B-irradiation Once the target 3 has been made, it is loaded into a cyclotron and subjected to a proton beam with an energy of 14 MeV for 6 days (step B-irradiation).
  • the transmutation of 103 Rh into 103 Pd takes place at the rate of 0.225 mCi / mAH.
  • a production of 28.8 Ci will be obtained for a continuous current of 1 mA, and taking into account the decrease.
  • the amount of 103 Pd (radioisotope 4) harvested corresponds to less than 1% of the initial amount of 103 Rh (precursor 1) present on target 3.
  • the irradiated target 3 is then discharged and transferred (step C-extraction and transfer) to a effusion chamber 17 as shown in FIG. 2a.
  • This effusion enclosure is a shielded enclosure in which is carried out the bestowal (step D).
  • the bestowal of a constituent out of an alloy is based on the phenomena following physical.
  • the most volatile constituent here the palladium
  • goes into the gas phase from the surface which results in a difference in concentration volatile constituent between the surface and the interior of the target.
  • a flow of volatile constituent, from inside the target, towards the surface then takes birth. Evaporation of the volatile component continues, and reduces the concentration of volatile constituent within the target. Finally, the vapor of the volatile constituent is condensed and collected on a cold surface.
  • the volatile constituent has a melting temperature lower than that of the other constituents of the alloy, or a higher partial spray pressure for a given temperature.
  • Palladium and rhodium have melting temperatures of 1554.9 ° C and 1964 ° C.
  • target 3 for example by heating electric, by Joule effect or by induction, of a beam electrons, infrared, laser, or DC plasma or radio frequency or microwave.
  • the next step is then to collect and condense the palladium 4 extracted from the target 3 on a collection support 5 (step E) to then separate and collect it (step F), for example in the form of PdCl 2 .
  • Figure 2a describes an effusion chamber 17 used according to the first embodiment of the method of the invention. It is of course a shielded enclosure in which the irradiated target 3 is transferred (step C of figure 1a) and which makes it possible to carry out the steps effusion (step D) of the radioisotope 4 out of the target 3 but also of capture and condensation (step E) of said radioisotope 4 extract.
  • This target 3 is preferably heated under vacuum or under controlled atmosphere using means of heat treatment 18 in order to cause the diffusion of the palladium 4 within target 3 to its surface and its evaporation / sublimation out of it.
  • the processing means thermal 18 are in the form of a simple electrical resistance. They must act in a minimum of time and should be very simple to regulate. In addition, they must allow target 3 to be preserved and saved integrity to allow its later use for future irradiations.
  • Vacuuming and maintaining vacuum of the effusion chamber 17 are provided by a vacuum pump 19.
  • Palladium 4 present in the the effusion chamber 17 in gaseous form is captured and condensed (step E of FIG. 1a) on a support 5 of collection.
  • the collection support 5 is cold or cooled, to a temperature below the temperature of condensation of palladium 4.
  • Palladium 4 is collected in solid or liquid form.
  • Said substrate 5 is arranged close to the target under a protective bell 20.
  • the collection substrate 5 is a cold ceramic support or metal and it has poor adhesion. he can for example present a non-adherent interlayer (not shown). By way of example, soluble polymers or fats can be used to achieve this interlayer.
  • target 3 still contains practically the initial amount of rhodium, and it has not affected mechanically or chemically. She can therefore advantageously be reinstalled in the room of irradiation, for a new production campaign of palladium (step G).
  • the collection substrate 5 is transferred using one transfer system to another enclosure called separation enclosure 21 in which the separation step (step F of FIG. 1a) of the radioisotope 4 and collection substrate 5 is performed.
  • FIG. 2b describes such an enclosure of separation 21 towards which the collection substrate is bring.
  • this separation enclosure 21 comprises a bath 22 of a solution so as to release the 103 Pd (radioisotope 4) in said solution.
  • This separation can be obtained by chemical means, such as dissolving the interlayer and / or palladium, and / or mechanical means such as stirring.
  • this solution is treated so as to isolate the 103 Pd (radioisotope 4) (step F of FIG. 1a) which is packaged in small vials using dose dispensers (“doses dispenser”).
  • doses dispenser doses dispenser
  • the activity of each vial is measured for control, and the product can then be used as a radiochemical.
  • effusion chambers 17 and separation chambers 21 must be such that they can be easily decontaminated, can be integrated into a shielded "hot-cell" enclosure, equipped with an adequate target 3 transfer system, the irradiation chamber 10 towards the effusion chamber 17, and collection substrate 5 of the effusion chamber 17 to the separation enclosure 21 and are easy maintenance.
  • the target 3 and collection substrate 5 should be itself easily removable, for example for verification, and easily decontaminable. It must also be secure.
  • the effusion chamber 17 and separation chamber 21 can be combined into a single enclosure.
  • Figure 1b schematically describes the various stages of a second embodiment of the process for producing a radioisotope according to the present invention in which the bestowal step is carried out on-line, i.e. directly within the room irradiation.
  • step A The constitution of the target (step A) is done in the same way as in the first form of production.
  • a substrate of collection 5 is installed in the irradiation chamber. he therefore it is not necessary to extract the target 3 for proceed to effusion-collection.
  • This device allows simultaneously perform irradiation and effusion-collection (steps B, D and E simultaneously). energy necessary to heat the target is brought in all or partly by the beam of accelerated particles.
  • the collection substrate 5 is extract from the irradiation chamber 10.
  • the separation of palladium deposited (step F) is then carried out in the same way way as in the first embodiment.
  • Target 3 can remain within the irradiation chamber 10.
  • Figure 3 therefore describes a device suitable for the implementation of the second form of carrying out the method of the invention.
  • the bedroom irradiation 10 are installed target 3 as well as the collection substrate 5.
  • a set of vacuum pumps allows you to gradually reach the vacuum level important required within the accelerator.
  • Figures 4a and 4b describe so schematic a particle accelerator which can be used for the implementation of the method. More precisely, Figure 24a is a perspective view of this accelerator, while Figure 4b is a top view of this same device.
  • the device 7 further comprises a series auxiliary magnets which correspond to quadrupoles 13 and to sextupoles 14 and which have the function to focus the beam.
  • a scanning magnet 16 allows, as its name suggests, to sweep target 3 using the radiation beam.
  • the accelerator 6 can be constituted by a cyclotron which generates a proton beam exhibiting some discrepancy and which is corrected by the presence of collimators 15.
  • collimators 15 The main purpose of these collimators 15 is to prevent part of the beam (20%) from hitting elements of the beam line and damaging them.
  • collimators 15 can be removable and themselves coated with a layer of rhodium, so as to take advantage of the beam loss to directly produce 103 Pd (radioisotope 4).
  • the collimators 15 must ability to meet the following requirements: ease of assembly / disassembly and placement in the line, very good cooling of the irradiated surface, ease of transfer to a lead container, easy disassembly in a "hot cell", mass of copper substrate minimal, surface to be covered with minimal rhodium, reuse for each irradiation of a maximum of components.
  • Target 3 can also be installed directly inside the particle accelerator 6.
  • target 3 and the collection substrate 5 can be used multiple successively. We thus have a process economical in rhodium, and producing little waste.
  • the target can be made up entirely in the isotope precursor, or in an alloy comprising this isotope precursor.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
  • Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
EP01870288A 2001-12-21 2001-12-21 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Radioisotopen aus einem Ziel Withdrawn EP1321948A1 (de)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01870288A EP1321948A1 (de) 2001-12-21 2001-12-21 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Radioisotopen aus einem Ziel
PCT/BE2002/000198 WO2003063181A1 (fr) 2001-12-21 2002-12-23 Procede et dispositif pour la production de radio-isotopes a partir d'une cible
AT02806546T ATE363126T1 (de) 2001-12-21 2002-12-23 Verfahren und einrichtung zur herstellung von radioisotopen aus einem target
EP02806546A EP1464060B1 (de) 2001-12-21 2002-12-23 Verfahren und einrichtung zur herstellung von radioisotopen aus einem target
DE60220316T DE60220316T2 (de) 2001-12-21 2002-12-23 Verfahren und einrichtung zur herstellung von radioisotopen aus einem target
US10/873,378 US20050069076A1 (en) 2001-12-21 2004-06-21 Method and device for production of radio-isotopes from a target

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01870288A EP1321948A1 (de) 2001-12-21 2001-12-21 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Radioisotopen aus einem Ziel

Publications (1)

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EP1321948A1 true EP1321948A1 (de) 2003-06-25

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EP01870288A Withdrawn EP1321948A1 (de) 2001-12-21 2001-12-21 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Radioisotopen aus einem Ziel
EP02806546A Expired - Lifetime EP1464060B1 (de) 2001-12-21 2002-12-23 Verfahren und einrichtung zur herstellung von radioisotopen aus einem target

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EP02806546A Expired - Lifetime EP1464060B1 (de) 2001-12-21 2002-12-23 Verfahren und einrichtung zur herstellung von radioisotopen aus einem target

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US (1) US20050069076A1 (de)
EP (2) EP1321948A1 (de)
AT (1) ATE363126T1 (de)
DE (1) DE60220316T2 (de)
WO (1) WO2003063181A1 (de)

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EP1629508A2 (de) * 2003-06-02 2006-03-01 Fox Chase Cancer Center Energiereiche polyenergetische ionenauswahlsysteme, ionenstrahltherapiesysteme und ionenstrahlbehandlungszentren
US20070160176A1 (en) * 2006-01-06 2007-07-12 Ryoichi Wada Isotope generator
US20070242790A1 (en) * 2006-03-30 2007-10-18 The Regents Of The University Of California 10B(d,n)11C REACTION BASED NEUTRON GENERATOR
RU2494484C2 (ru) 2008-05-02 2013-09-27 Шайн Медикал Текнолоджис, Инк. Устройство и способ производства медицинских изотопов
US7781744B2 (en) * 2008-08-21 2010-08-24 Comecer S.P.A. Procedure for the preparation of radioisotopes
DE102009005893B3 (de) * 2009-01-23 2010-12-02 Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Verfahren zur Erzeugung von 11C sowie Targetkörper
US8558461B2 (en) * 2009-07-20 2013-10-15 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Method and apparatus for inductive amplification of ion beam energy
US20110080986A1 (en) * 2009-10-05 2011-04-07 Schenter Robert E Method of transmuting very long lived isotopes
US10978214B2 (en) 2010-01-28 2021-04-13 SHINE Medical Technologies, LLC Segmented reaction chamber for radioisotope production
US9177679B2 (en) * 2010-02-11 2015-11-03 Uchicago Argonne, Llc Accelerator-based method of producing isotopes
US9336916B2 (en) 2010-05-14 2016-05-10 Tcnet, Llc Tc-99m produced by proton irradiation of a fluid target system
US10734126B2 (en) 2011-04-28 2020-08-04 SHINE Medical Technologies, LLC Methods of separating medical isotopes from uranium solutions
US9269467B2 (en) 2011-06-02 2016-02-23 Nigel Raymond Stevenson General radioisotope production method employing PET-style target systems
RU2649662C2 (ru) 2012-04-05 2018-04-05 Шайн Медикал Текнолоджиз, Инк. Водная сборка и способ управления
US11276506B2 (en) * 2017-10-31 2022-03-15 National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology Producing method of radioisotope and radioisotope producing apparatus
EP4329435A3 (de) * 2019-07-01 2024-06-05 SHINE Technologies, LLC Systeme und verfahren mit austauschbaren ionenstrahlzielen
EP4284546A1 (de) * 2021-01-29 2023-12-06 Prodose Verfahren und vorrichtung zur energieerzeugung und synthese von seltenen metallen durch transmutation und kernfusion
CA3215209A1 (en) * 2021-04-15 2022-10-20 Suneel Navnitdas PAREKH Process, apparatus and system for the production, separation and purification of radioisotopes
CN117059296B (zh) * 2023-09-27 2024-02-06 原子高科股份有限公司 一种钯-103的制备方法及应用

Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH05119196A (ja) * 1991-10-25 1993-05-18 Rikagaku Kenkyusho 減圧加熱融解法によるマルチトレーサーの製造方法
US5468355A (en) * 1993-06-04 1995-11-21 Science Research Laboratory Method for producing radioisotopes
WO1999033063A1 (en) * 1997-12-19 1999-07-01 Robert Robertson Method and system for making radioactive sources for interstitial brachytherapy and sources made thereby
US5987087A (en) * 1998-06-26 1999-11-16 Tci Incorporated Process for the production of radioisotopes of selenium

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3277106D1 (en) * 1981-12-18 1987-10-01 Toray Industries Improved electric resistance heating element and electric resistance heating furnace using the same as heat source

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH05119196A (ja) * 1991-10-25 1993-05-18 Rikagaku Kenkyusho 減圧加熱融解法によるマルチトレーサーの製造方法
US5468355A (en) * 1993-06-04 1995-11-21 Science Research Laboratory Method for producing radioisotopes
WO1999033063A1 (en) * 1997-12-19 1999-07-01 Robert Robertson Method and system for making radioactive sources for interstitial brachytherapy and sources made thereby
US5987087A (en) * 1998-06-26 1999-11-16 Tci Incorporated Process for the production of radioisotopes of selenium

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 017, no. 481 (P - 1604) 31 August 1993 (1993-08-31) *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1464060A1 (de) 2004-10-06
ATE363126T1 (de) 2007-06-15
DE60220316D1 (de) 2007-07-05
EP1464060B1 (de) 2007-05-23
WO2003063181A1 (fr) 2003-07-31
DE60220316T2 (de) 2008-01-17
US20050069076A1 (en) 2005-03-31

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