EP1318233B1 - Process and apparatus for treating a fibrous web - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for treating a fibrous web Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1318233B1
EP1318233B1 EP20020024217 EP02024217A EP1318233B1 EP 1318233 B1 EP1318233 B1 EP 1318233B1 EP 20020024217 EP20020024217 EP 20020024217 EP 02024217 A EP02024217 A EP 02024217A EP 1318233 B1 EP1318233 B1 EP 1318233B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
medium
web
water
nip
roller nip
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EP20020024217
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1318233A2 (en
EP1318233A3 (en
Inventor
Rüdiger Dr. Kurtz
Josef Schneid
Thomas Hermsen
Udo Gabbusch
Harald Hess
Rainer Fenske
Alexander Wassermann
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Voith Patent GmbH
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Voith Paper Patent GmbH
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21GCALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G1/00Calenders; Smoothing apparatus
    • D21G1/006Calenders; Smoothing apparatus with extended nips
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21GCALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G1/00Calenders; Smoothing apparatus
    • D21G1/0073Accessories for calenders
    • D21G1/0093Web conditioning devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for treating a fibrous web, in particular a paper or board web, in which the web is heated in a nip formed by a roller and a circumferential jacket or by two coats running over supporting elements which extend over a predetermined peripheral portion To have contact with each other.
  • the invention further relates to a device for treating a fibrous web, in particular a paper or board web, with a nip formed by a roller and a jacket pressed against the roller over a predetermined peripheral portion or by two coats running over support members, with a heater , which acts in the nip on the web, and wherein the web before the nip with a medium applied.
  • Flash evaporation has several disadvantages. In addition to tearing the surface of the web, it leads to a relatively high moisture loss of the web, which is undesirable, especially in paper or cardboard.
  • the invention has the object to improve the smoothing result in a nip and to keep more moisture in the track.
  • This object is achieved in a method of the type mentioned above by applying the web before the nip with a medium that can evaporate faster than the on entering the nip in the fibers and the fiber structure located fiber water.
  • inert medium hereinafter also referred to as "inert medium” for short, is heated together with the web and the moisture contained in the web as it passes through the wide nip. Now, if the web leaves the nip, then the inert medium vaporizes and thus forms a barrier to the steam trapped in the web. Although it will not be able to completely prevent leakage of the vapor from the web. However, to maintain the smooth surface and retain moisture in the web, it is sufficient if the steam is slow, i. E. can escape from the web at a low speed and accordingly with low kinetic energy.
  • the inert medium is, since it is otherwise not included, after leaving the broad nip, although relatively quickly removed so far that it no longer opposes the vapor in the web a major barrier effect. Up to this time, however, the web has cooled down so far that the steam is either condensed again in the web or it has such a low vapor pressure that it no longer causes any damage.
  • the inert medium thus does not penetrate deeper into the web, but wets at best a small part of the web in the area of the surface, so that the evaporation of the inert medium does not have the same harmful consequences as the sudden escape of the vapor from the web.
  • the inert medium evaporates earlier than the fiber water and thus forms a "protective screen" through which the water vapor can not escape.
  • the evaporation of the inert medium the evaporation of the fiber water is pushed back.
  • the inert medium evaporates faster than the fiber water.
  • the lower enthalpy of the inert medium prevents temperatures that also lead to a strong evaporation of the fiber water.
  • the vapor pressure of the inert medium is higher than the vapor pressure of the fiber water, the vapor is retained in the web due to this pressure difference, as long as there is sufficient inert medium at the surface of the web.
  • a liquid inert medium is chosen.
  • a liquid inert medium is easily applied and adheres to the surface of the web.
  • the surface tension of the water can be reduced in different ways. For example, you can add salts and make it from the water a kind of electrolyte. Detergents can be added to the water or alkalis or acids. In many cases, however, it will be sufficient to use water at a higher temperature than the temperature of the fibrous web before the nip. For example, when the fibrous web arrives at a temperature of about 60 ° C, water fed at a temperature of 95 ° C will evaporate faster than the fiber water contained in the web.
  • a medium application device is arranged in front of the nip, which applies a medium to the web, which is faster than that when entering the broad nip in the fibers and the fiber structure Evaporate fiber water.
  • the inert medium is a neutral medium that differs from the moisture trapped in the web.
  • the application of the inert medium to the web causes that the inert medium with the still wet web is passed through the nip.
  • both the inert medium and the web is heated with the moisture therein.
  • the inert medium is then vaporized, thereby preventing the escape of the vapor which forms from moisture present in the web.
  • a sudden escape of the vapor from the web through the surface of the web is avoided, so that the smoothness of the web, which has been produced in the nip, is maintained.
  • more fiber water is kept in the web, so that the moisture can be better maintained.
  • the medium has a lower enthalpy of evaporation than water. So it evaporates at a lower temperature than the water and thus forms early good protection.
  • the medium has a higher vapor pressure than water. This provides a sufficiently high pressure to retain the vapor in the web. If evaporation of the inert medium causes the web to cool sufficiently, the vapor in the web may condense again.
  • the application device is designed as a liquid application device. If the inert medium is applied as a liquid, it can evaporate when leaving the broad nip. During evaporation, the web is cooled so that moisture condensation in the web can be faster.
  • the application device is designed as a spraying device or as a film applicator.
  • the spraying of inert medium is a relatively simple process to bring inert medium in a relatively uniform coating on the web.
  • a film such as a squeegee or a roller.
  • the application device acts on both sides of the web. This reliably prevents the escape of steam on both sides of the web.
  • the shell and the surface of the roll are impermeable to the medium.
  • Mantle and roller then act in the nip as a barrier to the inert medium, so that the inert medium is held to the end of the broad nip on the web.
  • a device 1 for treating a fibrous web 2 (hereinafter referred to as "web"), ie a paper or board web, has a roller 3, which is provided with a heating device 4 shown schematically.
  • the heater may act on the roller 3 in different ways, for example from the outside with steam, hot air, IR radiation or electric or magnetic fields, or it may direct a heat transfer medium, for example water, oil, steam or the like, into the roller ,
  • the heater 4 ensures that the roller 3 has an elevated temperature at least on its surface.
  • a jacket 5 of a resilient material which is pressed by means of a support shoe 6 against the roller 3 acts.
  • the jacket 5 is in this case so flexible that it can adapt to the curvature of the roller 3 in the area between the support shoe 6 and roller 3.
  • the support shoe 6 has a pressure surface 8, which is adapted to the curvature of the roller 3 and in a manner not shown with a suitable lubrication device, such as a hydrostatic support, is provided. In this way, it is possible that the jacket 5 is guided with low friction over the support shoe 6.
  • the jacket 5 and the roller 3 together form a nip 9, i. a nip extending over a predetermined peripheral area of the roller 3. Because of this length, the web 2 in the nip 9 has a much longer residence time than in a nip formed by two opposing rolls. With otherwise the same contact forces, the compressive stress in the nip 9, of course, much lower, because here is a larger pressing surface available. Accordingly, it is possible to smooth the web 2 in the nip 9 at a relatively high temperature but with a low surface pressure, the smoothness effect being mainly caused by the smooth surface of the roll 3.
  • the broad nip 9 also has the effect that the web 2 is not only heated on its surface, but is basically completely brought to an elevated temperature. This increase in temperature can be so great that moisture that may still be in the web evaporates.
  • the moisture is mainly formed by water, which is located in the fibers or in the fiber structure. This is especially true for paper or board webs. This water is referred to herein as "fiber water". In any case, the moisture should be kept in the web to a certain extent in order to be able to process the web later, for example by printing.
  • an application device 12 for a medium is provided in front of the entrance 11 of the wide nip 9.
  • the medium is formed in the present embodiment by liquid nitrogen, alcohols, esters or water, wherein the water has a higher temperature than the incoming web or a reduced surface tension.
  • the reduced surface tension can be achieved for example by the addition of salts, detergents, alkalis or acids, so that the water can evaporate more easily.
  • the medium is also referred to below as "inert medium", because it is basically only mechanically to ensure that the moisture is retained in the web or at least can emerge more slowly.
  • the inert medium should not change chemically when passing through the broad nip, ie the molecular structure of its components should not change.
  • the inert medium has a lower enthalpy of enthalpy of vaporization than the fiber water contained in the web 2.
  • the inert medium first evaporates.
  • heat energy is needed. The evaporation may therefore even lead to the fact that the web 2 itself is cooled again something, so that the steam that has formed in the web 2, isolated even can condense again.
  • Applicator 12 has an upper applicator nozzle 13 and a lower applicator nozzle 14 through which the inert medium is spread evenly over the entire width of the web 2 onto the upper and lower surfaces of the web 2, i. the surface which bears against the roller 3, or the surface which bears against the casing 5, is sprayed on.
  • the inert medium is supplied by a pump 15 which removes the inert medium from a reservoir 16, for example a tank.
  • the inert medium is chosen so that the liquid does not penetrate appreciably into the web 2. Some penetration does no harm as long as vapor formed by evaporation of the inert medium does not damage the surface of the web as it exits the web.
  • both the inert medium and the moisture present in the web are then present as vapor.
  • the vapor of the inert medium is applied to the web and thereby prevents the vapor from the moisture in the interior of the web can escape to the outside. If the inert medium has a lower enthalpy of vaporization and / or a higher vapor pressure than water, then the escape of vapor from the web 2 is prevented quickly and effectively.
  • the inert medium, or the vapor of the inert medium will already have disappeared a relatively short distance behind the exit 10 of the broad nip 9 from the surface of the web. During this time, however, the web 2 is cooled down so far that the moisture already again condensed in it. But at least the steam has cooled down so far that its exit velocity through the surfaces of the web 2 has become so low that destruction of these surfaces can no longer take place.
  • the application device 12 it is possible to arrange the application device 12 so short or close to the broad nip that the inert medium has virtually no time to penetrate into the web before the web enters the nip 9.
  • the application nozzles 13, 14 have a bevelled shape, so that they can be used in the gusset between the web 2 and the roller 3 and the jacket 5, without the movement of the roller 3 and of the jacket 5 to hinder. This movement is indicated by arrows 17, 18.
  • the web 2 runs in the direction of an arrow 19.
  • the inert medium can also be applied by an applicator roll or by a doctor blade, whereby a film of the inert medium is formed on the web 2.
  • a recovery device with which the evaporated inert medium can be circulated.
  • the recovery device sucks off the evaporated inert medium, condenses it and returns it to the application device 12. This is particularly advantageous for more expensive inert media.

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Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Behandeln einer Faserstoffbahn, insbesondere einer Papier- oder Kartonbahn, bei dem man die Bahn in einem Breitnip erwärmt, der durch eine Walze und einen umlaufenden Mantel oder durch zwei über Stützelemente laufende Mäntel gebildet ist, die über einen vorbestimmten Umfangsabschnitt Kontakt miteinander haben. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung eine Vorrichtung zum Behandeln einer Faserstoffbahn, insbesondere einer Papier- oder Kartonbahn, mit einem Breitnip, der durch eine Walze und einen über einen vorbestimmten Umfangsabschnitt gegen die Walze gedrückten Mantel oder durch zwei über Stützelemente laufende Mäntel gebildet ist, mit einer Heizeinrichtung, die im Breitnip auf die Bahn wirkt, und wobei man die Bahn vor dem Breitnip mit einem Medium beaufschlagt.The invention relates to a method for treating a fibrous web, in particular a paper or board web, in which the web is heated in a nip formed by a roller and a circumferential jacket or by two coats running over supporting elements which extend over a predetermined peripheral portion To have contact with each other. The invention further relates to a device for treating a fibrous web, in particular a paper or board web, with a nip formed by a roller and a jacket pressed against the roller over a predetermined peripheral portion or by two coats running over support members, with a heater , which acts in the nip on the web, and wherein the web before the nip with a medium applied.

Ein derartiges Verfahren und eine derartige Vorrichtung sind aus EP 0 370 185 B2 und WO-A-0183883 bekannt. Im Document EP-B-0370185 wird eine Papier- oder Kartonbahn durch den Breitnip geleitet, um die Bahn volumenschonend zu glätten. Der Breitnip hat den Vorteil, daß die Bahn hier über einen längeren Zeitraum verweilt, als dies in einem Nip zwischen zwei Walzen der Fall wäre. Die Druckspannung ist verglichen mit einem derartigen Nip vergleichsweise niedrig. Durch die höhere Temperatur und entsprechend glatte Anlageflächen läßt sich daher die Bahn in einem Breitnip volumenschonend glätten.Such a method and apparatus are known from EP 0 370 185 B2 and WO-A-0183883. In Document EP-B-0370185 a paper or board web is passed through the nip in order to smooth the web volume-saving. The broad nip has the advantage that the web lingers here for a longer period of time than would be the case in a nip between two rolls. The compressive stress is comparatively low compared to such a nip. Due to the higher temperature and correspondingly smooth contact surfaces, therefore, the web can be smoothed in a wide nip volume-saving.

Es hat sich allerdings gezeigt, daß in manchen Fällen die erzielte Glätte nicht den Erwartungen entspricht. Man führt dies darauf zurück, daß die Bahn im Breitnip so stark erwärmt wird, daß in ihr enthaltene Feuchtigkeit verdampft. Wenn die Bahn dann aus dem Breitnip herausläuft, kann der Dampf sozusagen explosionsartig aus der Bahn entweichen. Diese Erscheinung wird auch als "Flashverdampfung" bezeichnet. Die Flashverdampfung hat mehrere Nachteile. Neben einem Aufreißen der Oberfläche der Bahn führt sie zu einem relativ hohen Feuchtigkeitsverlust der Bahn, was insbesondere bei Papier oder Karton unerwünscht ist.However, it has been found that in some cases the smoothness achieved does not meet expectations. This is due to the fact that the web is heated in the nip so much that evaporates moisture contained in it. If the web then runs out of the nip, the steam can escape from the train explosively, so to speak. This phenomenon is also called "flash evaporation". Flash evaporation has several disadvantages. In addition to tearing the surface of the web, it leads to a relatively high moisture loss of the web, which is undesirable, especially in paper or cardboard.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, das Glättergebnis in einem Breitnip zu verbessern und mehr Feuchte in der Bahn zu halten.The invention has the object to improve the smoothing result in a nip and to keep more moisture in the track.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gelöst, daß man die Bahn vor dem Breitnip mit einem Medium beaufschlagt, das sich schneller als das sich beim Eintreten in den Breitnip in den Fasern und im Fasergerüst befindende Faserwasser verdampfen läßt.This object is achieved in a method of the type mentioned above by applying the web before the nip with a medium that can evaporate faster than the on entering the nip in the fibers and the fiber structure located fiber water.

Das Medium, das im folgenden auch kurz als "Inertmedium" bezeichnet wird, wird zusammen mit der Bahn und der in der Bahn enthaltenen Feuchtigkeit beim Durchlaufen des Breitnips erwärmt. Wenn nun die Bahn den Breitnip verläßt, dann verdampft das Inertmedium und bildet somit eine Sperre gegenüber dem Dampf, der in der Bahn eingeschlossen ist. Man wird zwar einen Austritt des Dampfes aus der Bahn nicht vollständig verhindern können. Um die glatte Oberfläche zu erhalten und Feuchtigkeit in der Bahn zu behalten, reicht es aber aus, wenn der Dampf nur langsam, d.h. mit einer niedrigen Geschwindigkeit und dementsprechend mit einer geringen kinetischen Energie aus der Bahn austreten kann. Das Inertmedium wird, da es sonst nicht weiter eingeschlossen ist, nach dem Verlassen des Breitnips zwar relativ schnell soweit entfernt sein, daß es dem Dampf in der Bahn keine größere Sperrwirkung mehr entgegensetzt. Bis zu diesem Zeitpunkt ist die Bahn aber soweit abgekühlt, daß der Dampf entweder in der Bahn wieder kondensiert ist oder er einen so geringen Dampfdruck aufweist, daß er keinen Schaden mehr anrichtet.The medium, hereinafter also referred to as "inert medium" for short, is heated together with the web and the moisture contained in the web as it passes through the wide nip. Now, if the web leaves the nip, then the inert medium vaporizes and thus forms a barrier to the steam trapped in the web. Although it will not be able to completely prevent leakage of the vapor from the web. However, to maintain the smooth surface and retain moisture in the web, it is sufficient if the steam is slow, i. E. can escape from the web at a low speed and accordingly with low kinetic energy. The inert medium is, since it is otherwise not included, after leaving the broad nip, although relatively quickly removed so far that it no longer opposes the vapor in the web a major barrier effect. Up to this time, however, the web has cooled down so far that the steam is either condensed again in the web or it has such a low vapor pressure that it no longer causes any damage.

Es ist von Vorteil, wenn man ein Medium wählt, bei dem sich die molekulare Struktur der Komponenten des Mediums beim Durchlauf durch den Breitnip nicht ändert. Das Medium kann zwar seine Zustandsform ändern, z.B. von flüssig zu gasförmig. Chemische Reaktionen, die mit einer Änderung der molekularen Struktur einhergehen, finden jedoch nicht statt.It is advantageous to choose a medium in which the molecular structure of the components of the medium does not change as it passes through the nip. Although the medium can change its state form, e.g. from liquid to gaseous. However, chemical reactions that accompany a change in the molecular structure do not take place.

Vorzugsweise wählt man ein Medium, das beim Durchlaufen des Breitnips verdampft. Das Inertmedium dringt also nicht tiefer in die Bahn ein, sondern benetzt allenfalls einen kleinen Teil der Bahn im Bereich der Oberfläche, so daß das Verdampfen des Inertmediums nicht die gleichen schädlichen Folgen hat wie das plötzliche Austreten des Dampfes aus der Bahn.Preferably, one chooses a medium which evaporates when passing through the wide nip. The inert medium thus does not penetrate deeper into the web, but wets at best a small part of the web in the area of the surface, so that the evaporation of the inert medium does not have the same harmful consequences as the sudden escape of the vapor from the web.

Vorzugsweise wählt man ein Medium, das eine niedrigere Verdampfungsenthalpie als das Faserwasser aufweist. Das Inertmedium verdampft also früher als das Faserwasser und bildet damit einen "Schutzschirm", durch den der Wasserdampf nicht entweichen kann. Durch die Verdampfung des Inertmediums wird die Verdampfung des Faserwassers zurückgedrängt. Das Inertmedium verdampft schneller als das Faserwasser. Die kleinere Enthalpie des Inertmediums verhindert, daß Temperaturen entstehen, die auch zu einer starken Verdampfung des Faserwassers führen.It is preferable to choose a medium having a lower enthalpy of enthalpy of vaporization than the fiber water. The inert medium evaporates earlier than the fiber water and thus forms a "protective screen" through which the water vapor can not escape. The evaporation of the inert medium, the evaporation of the fiber water is pushed back. The inert medium evaporates faster than the fiber water. The lower enthalpy of the inert medium prevents temperatures that also lead to a strong evaporation of the fiber water.

Vorzugsweise wählt man ein Medium, das einen höheren Dampfdruck als das Faserwasser aufweist. Wenn der Dampfdruck des Inertmediums höher ist als der Dampfdruck des Faserwassers, wird der Dampf aufgrund dieser Druckdifferenz in der Bahn zurückgehalten, solange sich ausreichend Inertmedium an der Oberfläche der Bahn befindet.It is preferable to choose a medium having a higher vapor pressure than the fiber water. When the vapor pressure of the inert medium is higher than the vapor pressure of the fiber water, the vapor is retained in the web due to this pressure difference, as long as there is sufficient inert medium at the surface of the web.

Bevorzugterweise wählt man ein flüssiges Inertmedium. Ein flüssiges Inertmedium läßt sich leicht auftragen und haftet an der Oberfläche der Bahn.Preferably, a liquid inert medium is chosen. A liquid inert medium is easily applied and adheres to the surface of the web.

Bevorzugterweise wählt man als Medium einen oder mehrere der folgenden Stoffe:

  • flüssigen Stickstoff,
  • Alkohol,
  • Ester,
  • Wasser mit reduzierter Oberflächenspannung,
  • Wasser mit höherer Temperatur als die Faserstoffbahn vor dem Breitnip.
Preferably, the medium selected is one or more of the following substances:
  • liquid nitrogen,
  • Alcohol,
  • esters,
  • Water with reduced surface tension,
  • Higher temperature water than the fibrous web before the nip.

Die Oberflächenspannung des Wassers läßt sich auf unterschiedliche Weise herabsetzen. Beispielsweise kann man Salze zusetzen und damit aus dem Wasser eine Art Elektrolyt machen. Man kann dem Wasser Detergentien zusetzen oder Laugen oder Säuren. In vielen Fällen wird es aber ausreichen, Wasser mit einer höheren Temperatur als die Temperatur der Faserstoffbahn vor dem Breitnip zu verwenden. Wenn die Faserstoffbahn beispielsweise mit einer Temperatur von etwa 60°C ankommt, wird Wasser, das mit einer Temperatur von 95°C aufgegeben wird, schneller verdampfen als das in der Bahn enthaltene Faserwasser.The surface tension of the water can be reduced in different ways. For example, you can add salts and make it from the water a kind of electrolyte. Detergents can be added to the water or alkalis or acids. In many cases, however, it will be sufficient to use water at a higher temperature than the temperature of the fibrous web before the nip. For example, when the fibrous web arrives at a temperature of about 60 ° C, water fed at a temperature of 95 ° C will evaporate faster than the fiber water contained in the web.

Auch ist von Vorteil, wenn man das verdampfte Medium nach dem Breitnip wieder zurückgewinnt. Das Inertmedium kann abgesaugt, kondensiert und wieder zur Beaufschlagung der Bahn zurückgeführt werden.It is also advantageous if you recover the evaporated medium after the nip again. The inert medium can be sucked off, condensed and returned to the web again.

Die Aufgabe wird bei einer Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gelöst, daß vor dem Breitnip eine Medium-Auftragseinrichtung angeordnet ist, die ein Medium auf die Bahn aufträgt, das sich schneller als das sich beim Eintreten in den Breitnip in den Fasern und im Fasergerüst befindende Faserwasser verdampfen läßt.The object is achieved in a device of the type mentioned above in that a medium application device is arranged in front of the nip, which applies a medium to the web, which is faster than that when entering the broad nip in the fibers and the fiber structure Evaporate fiber water.

Wie oben im Zusammenhang mit dem Verfahren ausgeführt, ist das Inertmedium ein neutrales Medium, das sich von der in der Bahn eingeschlossenen Feuchtigkeit unterscheidet. Der Auftrag des Inertmediums auf die Bahn bewirkt, daß das Inertmedium mit der noch feuchten Bahn durch den Breitnip geführt wird. Dabei wird sowohl das Inertmedium als auch die Bahn mit der darin befindlichen Feuchtigkeit erwärmt. Nach dem Verlassen des Breitnips wird dann das Inertmedium verdampft und dadurch der Austritt des Dampfes, der sich aus der in der Bahn befindlichen Feuchtigkeit bildet, verhindert. Damit wird ein schlagartiger Austritt des Dampfes aus der Bahn durch die Oberfläche der Bahn hindurch vermieden, so daß die Glätte der Bahn, die im Breitnip erzeugt worden ist, erhalten bleibt. Darüber hinaus wird mehr Faserwasser in der Bahn gehalten, so daß die Feuchte besser aufrechterhalten werden kann.As stated above in the context of the process, the inert medium is a neutral medium that differs from the moisture trapped in the web. The application of the inert medium to the web causes that the inert medium with the still wet web is passed through the nip. In this case, both the inert medium and the web is heated with the moisture therein. After leaving the broad nip, the inert medium is then vaporized, thereby preventing the escape of the vapor which forms from moisture present in the web. Thus, a sudden escape of the vapor from the web through the surface of the web is avoided, so that the smoothness of the web, which has been produced in the nip, is maintained. In addition, more fiber water is kept in the web, so that the moisture can be better maintained.

Vorzugsweise weist das Medium eine niedrigere Verdampfungsenthalpie als Wasser auf. Es verdampft also bei einer niedrigeren Temperatur als das Wasser und bildet damit frühzeitig einen guten Schutz.Preferably, the medium has a lower enthalpy of evaporation than water. So it evaporates at a lower temperature than the water and thus forms early good protection.

Bevorzugterweise weist das Medium einen höheren Dampfdruck als Wasser auf. Damit steht ein ausreichend hoher Druck zur Verfügung, um den Dampf in der Bahn zurückzuhalten. Wenn durch die Verdampfung des Inertmediums die Bahn ausreichend abkühlt, kann der Dampf in der Bahn wieder kondensieren.Preferably, the medium has a higher vapor pressure than water. This provides a sufficiently high pressure to retain the vapor in the web. If evaporation of the inert medium causes the web to cool sufficiently, the vapor in the web may condense again.

Auch ist von Vorteil, wenn die Auftragseinrichtung als Flüssigkeits-Auftragseinrichtung ausgebildet ist. Wenn das Inertmedium als Flüssigkeit aufgetragen wird, kann es beim Verlassen des Breitnips verdampfen. Beim Verdampfen erfolgt eine Abkühlung der Bahn, so daß die Kondensation der Feuchtigkeit in der Bahn schneller erfolgen kann.It is also advantageous if the application device is designed as a liquid application device. If the inert medium is applied as a liquid, it can evaporate when leaving the broad nip. During evaporation, the web is cooled so that moisture condensation in the web can be faster.

Hierbei ist von Vorteil, wenn die Auftragseinrichtung als Sprüheinrichtung oder als Filmauftragseinrichtung ausgebildet ist. Das Aufsprühen von Inertmedium ist ein relativ einfaches Verfahren, um Inertmedium in einer relativ gleichmäßigen Beschichtung auf die Bahn zu bringen. Gleiches gilt für das Auftragen eines Filmes, etwa durch ein Rakel oder eine Walze.It is advantageous if the application device is designed as a spraying device or as a film applicator. The spraying of inert medium is a relatively simple process to bring inert medium in a relatively uniform coating on the web. The same applies to the application of a film, such as a squeegee or a roller.

Vorzugsweise wirkt die Auftragseinrichtung beidseitig auf die Bahn. Damit wird der Dampfaustritt auf beiden Seiten der Bahn zuverlässig vermieden.Preferably, the application device acts on both sides of the web. This reliably prevents the escape of steam on both sides of the web.

Vorzugsweise sind der Mantel und die Oberfläche der Walze für das Medium undurchlässig. Mantel und Walze wirken dann im Breitnip als Sperre für das Inertmedium, so daß das Inertmedium bis zum Ende des Breitnips an der Bahn gehalten wird.Preferably, the shell and the surface of the roll are impermeable to the medium. Mantle and roller then act in the nip as a barrier to the inert medium, so that the inert medium is held to the end of the broad nip on the web.

Besonders bevorzugt ist, wenn das Medium gebildet ist aus einem oder mehreren der folgenden Stoffe:

  • flüssigem Stickstoff,
  • Alkohol,
  • Ester,
  • Wasser mit reduzierter Oberflächenspannung,
  • Wasser mit höherer Temperatur als die Faserstoffbahn vor dem Breitnip.
It is particularly preferred if the medium is formed from one or more of the following substances:
  • liquid nitrogen,
  • Alcohol,
  • esters,
  • Water with reduced surface tension,
  • Higher temperature water than the fibrous web before the nip.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels in Verbindung mit der Zeichnung näher beschrieben. Hierin zeigt die:

einzige Fig.
eine schematische Darstellung einer Vorrichtung zum Behandeln einer Faserstoffbahn.
The invention will be described below with reference to a preferred embodiment in conjunction with the drawings. Hereby shows:
only Fig.
a schematic representation of an apparatus for treating a fibrous web.

Eine Vorrichtung 1 zum Behandeln einer Faserstoffbahn 2 (im folgenden "Bahn" genannt), also einer Papier- oder Kartonbahn, weist eine Walze 3 auf, die mit einer schematisch dargestellten Heizeinrichtung 4 versehen ist. Die Heizeinrichtung kann auf unterschiedliche Arten auf die Walze 3 wirken, beispielsweise von außen mit Dampf, heißer Luft, IR-Bestrahlung oder elektrischen oder magnetischen Feldern, oder sie kann ein Wärmeträgermedium, beispielsweise Wasser, Öl, Dampf oder ähnliches, in die Walze hinein leiten. Die Heizeinrichtung 4 sorgt dafür, daß die Walze 3 zumindest an ihrer Oberfläche eine erhöhte Temperatur aufweist.A device 1 for treating a fibrous web 2 (hereinafter referred to as "web"), ie a paper or board web, has a roller 3, which is provided with a heating device 4 shown schematically. The heater may act on the roller 3 in different ways, for example from the outside with steam, hot air, IR radiation or electric or magnetic fields, or it may direct a heat transfer medium, for example water, oil, steam or the like, into the roller , The heater 4 ensures that the roller 3 has an elevated temperature at least on its surface.

Mit der Walze 3 zusammen wirkt ein Mantel 5 aus einem nachgiebigen Material, der mit Hilfe eines Stützschuhs 6 gegen die Walze 3 gedrückt wird. Der Mantel 5 ist hierbei so nachgiebig, daß er sich im Bereich zwischen Stützschuh 6 und Walze 3 der Krümmung der Walze 3 anpassen kann. Schematisch dargestellt sind Rollen 7, die den Mantel 5 nach Art einer Walze führen.Together with the roller 3, a jacket 5 of a resilient material, which is pressed by means of a support shoe 6 against the roller 3 acts. The jacket 5 is in this case so flexible that it can adapt to the curvature of the roller 3 in the area between the support shoe 6 and roller 3. Shown schematically are rollers 7, which guide the jacket 5 in the manner of a roller.

Der Stützschuh 6 weist eine Andruckfläche 8 auf, die an die Krümmung der Walze 3 angepaßt ist und in nicht näher dargestellter Weise mit einer geeigneten Schmiereinrichtung, beispielsweise einer hydrostatischen Abstützung, versehen ist. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, daß der Mantel 5 reibungsarm über den Stützschuh 6 geführt wird.The support shoe 6 has a pressure surface 8, which is adapted to the curvature of the roller 3 and in a manner not shown with a suitable lubrication device, such as a hydrostatic support, is provided. In this way, it is possible that the jacket 5 is guided with low friction over the support shoe 6.

Der Mantel 5 und die Walze 3 bilden zusammen einen Breitnip 9, d.h. einen Nip, der sich über einen vorbestimmten Umfangsbereich der Walze 3 erstreckt. Aufgrund dieser Länge hat die Bahn 2 im Breitnip 9 eine wesentlich längere Verweilzeit als in einem Nip, der durch zwei einander gegenüberstehende Walzen gebildet ist. Bei ansonsten gleichen Anpreßkräften ist die Druckspannung im Breitnip 9 natürlich wesentlich niedriger, weil hier eine größere Preßfläche zur Verfügung steht. Dementsprechend ist es möglich, die Bahn 2 im Breitnip 9 mit einer relativ hohen Temperatur, aber mit einer geringen Flächenpressung zu glätten, wobei die Glättwirkung hauptsächlich durch die glatte Oberfläche der Walze 3 hervorgerufen wird.The jacket 5 and the roller 3 together form a nip 9, i. a nip extending over a predetermined peripheral area of the roller 3. Because of this length, the web 2 in the nip 9 has a much longer residence time than in a nip formed by two opposing rolls. With otherwise the same contact forces, the compressive stress in the nip 9, of course, much lower, because here is a larger pressing surface available. Accordingly, it is possible to smooth the web 2 in the nip 9 at a relatively high temperature but with a low surface pressure, the smoothness effect being mainly caused by the smooth surface of the roll 3.

Der Breitnip 9 hat aufgrund der längeren Verweilzeit der Bahn 2 aber auch die Auswirkung, daß die Bahn 2 nicht nur an ihrer Oberfläche erwärmt wird, sondern im Grunde genommen vollständig auf eine erhöhte Temperatur gebracht wird. Diese Temperaturerhöhung kann so groß sein, daß Feuchtigkeit, die sich möglicherweise noch in der Bahn befindet, verdampft. Die Feuchtigkeit ist vor allem gebildet durch Wasser, das sich in den Fasern oder im Fasergerüst befindet. Dies gilt vor allem bei Papier- oder Kartonbahnen. Dieses Wasser wird hier als "Faserwasser" bezeichnet. Die Feuchtigkeit sollte jedenfalls bis zu einem gewissen Grad in der Bahn gehalten werden, um die Bahn später weiterverarbeiten zu können, beispielsweise durch Bedrucken. Wenn die Bahn 2 dann am Ausgang 10 den Breitnip 9 verläßt, besteht die Gefahr, daß der Dampf, der im Breitnip 9 noch durch die Walze 3 und den Mantel 5 in der Bahn 2 festgehalten worden ist, aus der Bahn 2 austritt. Wenn dieser Austritt relativ plötzlich erfolgt, wird die Oberfläche der Bahn 2, die im Breitnip 9 beispielsweise an der glatten Walze 3 geglättet worden ist, wieder aufgerissen. Das erzielte Glättergebnis wird also negativ beeinflußt. Die Glätte wird wieder zerstört. Die Bahn erleidet einen Feuchtigkeitsverlust.Due to the longer residence time of the web 2, however, the broad nip 9 also has the effect that the web 2 is not only heated on its surface, but is basically completely brought to an elevated temperature. This increase in temperature can be so great that moisture that may still be in the web evaporates. The moisture is mainly formed by water, which is located in the fibers or in the fiber structure. This is especially true for paper or board webs. This water is referred to herein as "fiber water". In any case, the moisture should be kept in the web to a certain extent in order to be able to process the web later, for example by printing. If the web 2 then leaves the nip 9 at the exit 10, there is a risk that the steam which has been held in the nip 9 still by the roller 3 and the jacket 5 in the web 2, exiting the web 2. If this exit occurs relatively suddenly, the surface of the web 2, which has been smoothed in the nip 9, for example, on the smooth roller 3, torn open again. The achieved smoldering result is thus adversely affected. The smoothness is destroyed again. The web suffers a moisture loss.

Um diesem Problem abzuhelfen, ist vor dem Eingang 11 des Breitnips 9 eine Auftragseinrichtung 12 für ein Medium vorgesehen. Das Medium ist im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel durch flüssigen Stickstoff, Alkohole, Ester oder Wasser gebildet, wobei das Wasser eine höhere Temperatur als die zulaufende Bahn aufweist oder eine reduzierte Oberflächenspannung. Die reduzierte Oberflächenspannung kann beispielsweise durch den Zusatz von Salzen, von Detergentien, von Laugen oder Säuren erreicht werden, so daß das Wasser leichter verdampfen kann. Das Medium wird im folgenden auch als "Inertmedium" bezeichnet, weil es im Grunde genommen nur mechanisch dafür sorgen soll, daß die Feuchtigkeit in der Bahn erhalten bleibt oder jedenfalls langsamer austreten kann. Das Inertmedium soll sich beim Durchlaufen durch den Breitnip chemisch nicht verändern, d.h. die molekulare Struktur seiner Komponenten soll sich nicht verändern. Das Inertmedium weist eine niedrigere Verdampfungsenthalpie auf als das in der Bahn 2 enthaltene Faserwasser. Dies führt dazu, daß beim Durchlaufen des Breitnips zuerst das Inertmedium verdampft. Beim Verdampfen des Inertmediums wird Wärmeenergie benötigt. Die Verdampfung kann daher unter Umständen sogar dazu führen, daß die Bahn 2 selbst wieder etwas abgekühlt wird, so daß der Dampf, der sich in der Bahn 2 gebildet hat, vereinzelt sogar wieder kondensieren kann.To remedy this problem, an application device 12 for a medium is provided in front of the entrance 11 of the wide nip 9. The medium is formed in the present embodiment by liquid nitrogen, alcohols, esters or water, wherein the water has a higher temperature than the incoming web or a reduced surface tension. The reduced surface tension can be achieved for example by the addition of salts, detergents, alkalis or acids, so that the water can evaporate more easily. The medium is also referred to below as "inert medium", because it is basically only mechanically to ensure that the moisture is retained in the web or at least can emerge more slowly. The inert medium should not change chemically when passing through the broad nip, ie the molecular structure of its components should not change. The inert medium has a lower enthalpy of enthalpy of vaporization than the fiber water contained in the web 2. As a result, when passing through the broad nip, the inert medium first evaporates. During evaporation of the inert medium heat energy is needed. The evaporation may therefore even lead to the fact that the web 2 itself is cooled again something, so that the steam that has formed in the web 2, isolated even can condense again.

Die Auftragseinrichtung 12 weist eine obere Auftragsdüse 13 und eine untere Auftragsdüse 14 auf, durch die das Inertmedium über die gesamte Breite der Bahn 2 gleichmäßig auf die obere und die untere Oberfläche der Bahn 2, d.h. die Oberfläche, die an der Walze 3 anliegt, bzw. die Oberfläche, die am Mantel 5 anliegt, aufgesprüht wird. Das Inertmedium wird dabei von einer Pumpe 15 zugeführt, die das Inertmedium aus einem Vorratsbehälter 16, beispielsweise einem Tank, entnimmt.Applicator 12 has an upper applicator nozzle 13 and a lower applicator nozzle 14 through which the inert medium is spread evenly over the entire width of the web 2 onto the upper and lower surfaces of the web 2, i. the surface which bears against the roller 3, or the surface which bears against the casing 5, is sprayed on. The inert medium is supplied by a pump 15 which removes the inert medium from a reservoir 16, for example a tank.

Dabei entsteht kurz vor dem Eintritt der Bahn in den Breitnip 9 ein relativ dünner Flüssigkeitsfilm auf den beiden Oberflächen der Bahn 2. Das Inertmedium ist dabei so gewählt, daß die Flüssigkeit nicht nennenswert in die Bahn 2 eindringt. Ein gewisses Eindringen schadet nichts, solange Dampf, der durch das Verdampfen des Inertmediums gebildet ist, beim Austritt aus der Bahn die Oberfläche der Bahn nicht beschädigt.This creates a relatively thin film of liquid on the two surfaces of the web 2 shortly before the entrance of the web into the nip 9. The inert medium is chosen so that the liquid does not penetrate appreciably into the web 2. Some penetration does no harm as long as vapor formed by evaporation of the inert medium does not damage the surface of the web as it exits the web.

Am Ausgang 10 des Breitnips 9 liegen dann sowohl das Inertmedium als auch die in der Bahn befindliche Feuchtigkeit als Dampf vor. Der Dampf des Inertmediums liegt dabei an der Bahn an und verhindert dadurch, daß der Dampf aus der Feuchtigkeit im Innern der Bahn nach außen austreten kann. Wenn das Inertmedium eine niedrigere Verdampfungsenthalpie und/oder einen höheren Dampfdruck als Wasser aufweist, dann wird der Austritt von Dampf aus der Bahn 2 schnell und wirkungsvoll verhindert. Das Inertmedium, bzw. der Dampf des Inertmediums, wird zwar bereits eine relativ kurze Strecke hinter dem Ausgang 10 des Breitnips 9 von der Oberfläche der Bahn verschwunden sein. In dieser Zeit ist aber die Bahn 2 soweit abgekühlt, daß die Feuchtigkeit bereits wieder in ihr kondensiert ist. Zumindest ist der Dampf aber soweit abgekühlt, daß seine Austrittsgeschwindigkeit durch die Oberflächen der Bahn 2 so gering geworden ist, daß eine Zerstörung dieser Oberflächen nicht mehr stattfinden kann.At the exit 10 of the broad nip 9, both the inert medium and the moisture present in the web are then present as vapor. The vapor of the inert medium is applied to the web and thereby prevents the vapor from the moisture in the interior of the web can escape to the outside. If the inert medium has a lower enthalpy of vaporization and / or a higher vapor pressure than water, then the escape of vapor from the web 2 is prevented quickly and effectively. Although the inert medium, or the vapor of the inert medium, will already have disappeared a relatively short distance behind the exit 10 of the broad nip 9 from the surface of the web. During this time, however, the web 2 is cooled down so far that the moisture already again condensed in it. But at least the steam has cooled down so far that its exit velocity through the surfaces of the web 2 has become so low that destruction of these surfaces can no longer take place.

Man kann die Auftragseinrichtung 12 so kurz oder dicht vor dem Breitnip anordnen, daß das Inertmedium praktisch keine Zeit hat, in die Bahn einzudringen, bevor die Bahn in den Breitnip 9 eintritt. Hierzu kann, wie dargestellt, vorgesehen sein, daß die Auftragsdüsen 13, 14 eine abgeschrägte Form aufweisen, so daß sie in den Zwickel zwischen der Bahn 2 und der Walze 3 bzw. dem Mantel 5 eingesetzt werden können, ohne die Bewegung der Walze 3 und des Mantels 5 zu behindern. Diese Bewegung ist durch Pfeile 17, 18 kenntlich gemacht. Die Bahn 2 läuft in Richtung eines Pfeils 19. Alternativ dazu kann das Inertmedium auch durch eine Auftragswalze oder durch ein Rakel aufgetragen werden, wodurch ein Film des Inertmediums auf der Bahn 2 gebildet wird.It is possible to arrange the application device 12 so short or close to the broad nip that the inert medium has virtually no time to penetrate into the web before the web enters the nip 9. For this purpose, as shown, be provided that the application nozzles 13, 14 have a bevelled shape, so that they can be used in the gusset between the web 2 and the roller 3 and the jacket 5, without the movement of the roller 3 and of the jacket 5 to hinder. This movement is indicated by arrows 17, 18. The web 2 runs in the direction of an arrow 19. Alternatively, the inert medium can also be applied by an applicator roll or by a doctor blade, whereby a film of the inert medium is formed on the web 2.

In nicht näher dargestellter Weise kann am Ausgang des Breitnips eine Rückgewinnungseinrichtung vorgesehen sein, mit der das verdampfte Inertmedium in einen Kreislauf geführt werden kann. Die Rückgewinnungseinrichtung saugt das verdampfte Inertmedium ab, kondensiert es und führt es wieder der Auftragseinrichtung 12 zu. Dies ist insbesondere bei teureren Inertmedien von Vorteil.In a manner not shown may be provided at the output of the broad nip a recovery device with which the evaporated inert medium can be circulated. The recovery device sucks off the evaporated inert medium, condenses it and returns it to the application device 12. This is particularly advantageous for more expensive inert media.

Claims (17)

  1. Process for treating a fibrous web (2), in particular a paper or cardboard web, where the web (2) is heated in a wide roller nip (9) formed by a roller (3) and a revolving mantle (5) or by two mantles moving over supporting elements, which are in contact with one another over a given peripheral section, wherein, before entering the wide roller nip (9), the web (2) is treated with a medium, characterized in that the medium can be evaporated faster than the fibre water located in the fibres and in the fibre structure when entering the wide roller nip (9).
  2. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that a medium is selected, for which the molecular structure of the components of the medium is unchanged whilst passing through the wide roller nip (9).
  3. Process according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a medium is selected, which evaporates whilst passing through the wide roller nip (9).
  4. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a medium is selected, which has a lower enthalpy of vaporization than the fibre water.
  5. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a medium is selected, which has a higher vapour pressure than the fibre water.
  6. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a liquid medium is selected.
  7. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the medium is selected from one or more of the following substances:
    - liquid nitrogen,
    - alcohol,
    - ester,
    - water with reduced surface tension,
    - water at a higher temperature than the fibrous web in front of the wide roller nip (9).
  8. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the evaporated medium is recovered again after the wide roller nip (9).
  9. Apparatus for treating a fibrous web (2), in particular a paper or cardboard web, comprising a wide roller nip (9) formed by a roller (3) and a mantle (5), which is pressed against the roller (3) over a given peripheral section, or by two mantles moving over supporting elements, and a heating device (4), which acts on the web (2) in the wide roller nip (9), wherein a medium applicator (12) is disposed in front of the wide roller nip (9) and applies a medium on the web (2), characterized in that the medium can be evaporated faster than the fibre water located in the fibres and in the fibre structure when entering the wide roller nip (9).
  10. Apparatus according to Claim 9, characterized in that the applicator (12) is disposed directly in front of the wide roller nip (9).
  11. Apparatus according to Claim 9 or 10,
    characterized in that the medium has a lower enthalpy of vaporization than water.
  12. Apparatus according to one of Claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the medium has a higher vapour pressure than water.
  13. Apparatus according to one of Claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the applicator (12) is embodied as liquid applicator.
  14. Apparatus according to Claim 13, characterized in that the applicator is embodied as spray device (13, 14) or as film applicator.
  15. Apparatus according to one of Claims 9 to 14, characterized in that the applicator (12) acts on both sides of the web (2).
  16. Apparatus according to one of Claims 9 to 15, characterized in that the mantle (5) and the surface of the roller (3) are impermeable for the medium.
  17. Apparatus according to one of Claims 8 to 16, characterized in that the medium comprises one or more of the following substances:
    - liquid nitrogen,
    - alcohol,
    - ester,
    - water with reduced surface tension,
    - water at a higher temperature than the fibrous web in front of the wide roller nip (9).
EP20020024217 2001-11-24 2002-10-31 Process and apparatus for treating a fibrous web Expired - Fee Related EP1318233B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10157689 2001-11-24
DE2001157689 DE10157689C1 (en) 2001-11-24 2001-11-24 Assembly to polish a paper/cardboard web applies a liquid to the web, in front of the wide nip between a roller and mantle, which evaporates within the heated nip to give an effective polish and retain the web moisture content

Publications (3)

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EP1318233A2 EP1318233A2 (en) 2003-06-11
EP1318233A3 EP1318233A3 (en) 2003-09-10
EP1318233B1 true EP1318233B1 (en) 2006-08-16

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005022466A1 (en) * 2005-05-14 2006-11-16 Voith Patent Gmbh Method and device for moistening a material web

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3920204A1 (en) * 1988-10-31 1990-05-10 Escher Wyss Gmbh METHOD FOR SMOOTHING A PAPER OR CARDBOARD SHEET
FI95061C (en) * 1993-03-08 1995-12-11 Valmet Paper Machinery Inc Method of calendering paper web and calender for application of the method
FI20000927A0 (en) * 2000-04-18 2000-04-18 Valmet Corp Procedure for calendering a cardboard web

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DE10157689C1 (en) 2003-02-13
EP1318233A3 (en) 2003-09-10
DE50207845D1 (en) 2006-09-28

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