EP1300235B1 - Press pad - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- EP1300235B1 EP1300235B1 EP01122617A EP01122617A EP1300235B1 EP 1300235 B1 EP1300235 B1 EP 1300235B1 EP 01122617 A EP01122617 A EP 01122617A EP 01122617 A EP01122617 A EP 01122617A EP 1300235 B1 EP1300235 B1 EP 1300235B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- press pad
- threads
- pad according
- heat conducting
- press
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
- B30B15/06—Platens or press rams
- B30B15/061—Cushion plates
Definitions
- the invention relates to a press pad for use in Laminating presses with a textile carrier with threads, of which form at least a part of thermal conduction, either directly or via contact with other thermal conductors a heat transfer from one outside to the other Outside of the press pad cause, wherein the carrier a cushion layer made of a rubber-elastic material in the region of intersecting threads, characterized characterized in that the thickness of the cushion layer is lower is as that of the wearer and the cushioning layer in such embedded in the carrier is that thermal conductors on both Outer sides of the press pad over the cushion layer protrude having.
- layered materials for example With decorative laminates chipboard, takes place in lamination presses that are low or high pressure floor presses or short-cycle presses may be formed.
- Press pads are used, which have the task the pressure over the entire surface and evenly to the pressed material transfer.
- the press pads have high pressures and also the temperatures present in such press pads can withstand, and they must be able to Heat emanating from the press plates quickly and without transfer large losses to the material to be pressed, so one have high thermal conductivity in this direction.
- Press pads are usually textile products, wherein There are a variety of different embodiments gives.
- the generic press pad after the DE-B-23 19 593 has a plain weave metal fabric completely in a matrix layer forming cushion is embedded from a silicone elastomer.
- the silicone elastomer additives for example made of copper and / or aluminum and / or aluminum bronze and / or graphite and / or ferrosilicon powder, in order to increase the thermal conductivity of the cushion layer be mixed.
- the Cycle times in the laminating presses always shorter. This sets a quick heat transfer from the heating plates preceded by the material to be pressed, i. the press pads must have a high thermal conductivity in the thickness direction.
- the known press pad meets these requirements despite the presence of the metal fabric and the Thermal conductivity supporting additives not satisfying.
- the invention is based on the object, a press pad to make the type mentioned above so that it too suitable for laminating presses with short cycle times, So in particular a faster heat transfer from Ensures the heating plates on the pressed material.
- This object is achieved by a press pad solved, in which the thickness of the cushion layer is lower as that of the wearer and the cushioning layer in the Carrier is embedded that thermal conductors on both outer sides of the press pad protrude over the cushion layer.
- the basic idea of the invention is therefore the heat conducting threads at least partially on both outer sides the press pad, so on the flat sides over the To project cushion layer, so that a direct and under the press pressure area contact with the Heating plates on the one hand and to the press plates on the other arises. It has been shown that thereby the Heat transfer significantly accelerated in the thickness direction can be.
- the thermal conductivity in the thickness direction according to the respective requirements be optimally adapted.
- the cushion layer will usually be thinner than in the press pad according to DE-B-23 19 593, is with the inventive press pad achieved a material savings, and it is not that easy.
- the press pad So it is cheaper to manufacture and too transport. In addition, its handling is easier.
- the press pad used even at high temperatures Can be, should the rubber-elastic material to at least 200 ° C, better still 240 ° C, be resistant.
- rubber-elastic materials are preferably such in question that their elasticity properties under the pressures and temperatures prevailing in laminating presses maintained over a long time. Suitable for this purpose especially synthetic elastomers, such as silicone elastomers, Fluoroelastomers and / or fluorosilicone elastomers.
- the rubber-elastic material should preferably have a hardness in the range of 60 to 85 Shore A.
- the padding layer in a conventional manner in be embedded filling the carrier gap filling, preferably in the middle, that is symmetrical. It exists, however also the possibility of an asymmetrical arrangement.
- the cushion layer itself should be 15 to 40, preferably 20 to 30 wt.% Of the weight of the entire Preßpolsters form. By different weight proportions, the Padding ability of the press pad to the respective requirements be adjusted.
- the thickness of the press pad should be preferably in the range of 0.75 to 3 mm.
- the thermal conductors do not have to be between the outsides go back and forth of the pad, although such an embodiment is preferred. Good thermal conductivity is achieved even if a system of thermal conductors on both sides of the press pad available is and the thermal conductors survive there, if this planteleitfäden in the cushion layer interconnected have, for example, interwoven with each other.
- the Cyprusleitfäden can be made of metals, especially good thermally conductive metals such as e.g. Copper, brass, aluminum, Silver or alloy thereof. Also Heat conducting carbon and / or combination Metal and carbon come into question.
- thermal conductors can as well by their number, thickness and arrangement, the thermal conductivity of the press pad in the thickness direction optimally to the be adapted to the respective requirements.
- the thermal conduction can a soul thread that of at least one wire or ribbon wrapped or twisted around the wires or ribbon are made of a material whose specific Thermal conductivity is greater than that of the core thread.
- thermal conductors are for example the DE-U-297 21 494 can be seen.
- both the politicians and the other threads - are basically no restrictions. So can the Filaments as monofilaments, multifilaments, braided threads, fiber yarns, Strands, cables, ribbons, threads, filament yarns and / or wound yarns may be formed.
- the carrier Having electric cables, either directly or via Contact with other electric wires an electric Conductivity between the outsides of the press pad cause.
- About such electric cables can be located in Laminating press forming static electricity derived become.
- the materials for the thermal conductors in the rule are also electrically conductive, the Electric cables at least partially also thermal conductors form, so that even the presence of thermal conductors and their supernatant over the padding layer also for one Derivation of static electricity ensures.
- the carrier is preferably as coherent textile Formed sheet, wherein the first Training as tissue comes into question.
- textile thread structures are suitable, for example knitted fabrics, Knitted fabric, thread fabric, spacer fabric or knits.
- the carrier is designed as a tissue, it has proved to be advantageous if the wefts essentially straight and the warp threads on the outside form protruding cranks and these at least partially form the planteleitfäden.
- About the diameter of Warp and weft threads can increase the height of the cranks Warp threads are set. So can an enlargement the cranking height by increasing the warp thread diameter and by reducing the weft diameter achieve.
- the thermal conductivity by the type of weave and by the thread thickness can be adjusted. It can also multi-layered tissue be used.
- threads are present which have recesses which caused by removal of thread-like parts, and that the material of the cushion layer, the recesses fills.
- the preparation can be carried out in such a way that first made the carrier and then the thread-like Shares by a dissolving solvent or be removed by burning, and that only then the cushion layer is introduced, for example by means of a squeegee process.
- This can be the recesses also caused by removal of a soul thread.
- the invention finally provides, according to a further embodiment, that the press pad Has passageways between the outer sides of the press pad are open, so that the press pad in Thickness direction is permeable.
- the passageways can for example, from detached threads or thread portions and / or formed by pores in the poster layer be.
- the press pad 1 has a textile carrier 2, the is designed as a plain weave fabric.
- the carrier 2 is perpendicular to the plane of the drawing and essentially straight weft threads, designated by way of example with 3.
- the weft threads 3 are incorporated in warp threads 4, 5, between the weft threads 3, the sides of the press pad change and above and below the Weft threads 3 cranks - exemplified with 6 - form.
- a cushion layer 7 made of a silicone elastomer.
- the thickness of the cushion layer 7 is less than the total thickness of the press pad 1, which by the warp threads 4, 5 is specified.
- Their cranks 6 stand on both Outside of the press pad 1 before.
- the offsets 6 When used in a lamination press the offsets 6 have direct contact on the one hand to the Schupreßplatten and the other to the press plates. This forms contact surfaces, the to increase under pressure. Since the warp threads 4, 5 the Pages constantly change, they form thermal conductors that the heat from the Schupreßplatten on the press plates and thus transferred to the pressed material.
- the heat transfer Conducive are also the weft threads 3 and in the padding layer 7 embedded varnish.
- the weft threads 3 have a core thread 8 of a aromatic polyamide on to the metal wires - by way of example denoted by 9 - are wound.
- the warp threads 4, 5 are formed in the same way, but with with every second warp 5 of the soul thread removed is, for example, by treatment with a corresponding Solvent or by burning off.
- the silicone elastomer of Padding layer 7 penetrated, causing the connection between carrier 2 and cushion layer 7 is improved.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Preßpolster für den Einsatz in Laminierpressen mit einem textilen Träger mit Fäden, von denen wenigstens ein Teil Wärmeleitfäden bilden, die entweder direkt oder über Kontakt mit anderen Wärmeleitfäden eine Wärmeübertragung von einer Außenseite zur anderen Außenseite des Preßpolsters bewirken, wobei der Träger eine Polsterschicht aus einem gummielastischen Werkstoff im Bereichs der sich kreuzenden Fäden aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dicke der Polsterschicht geringer ist als die des Trägers und die Polsterschicht derart in den Träger eingebettet ist, daß Wärmeleitfäden auf beiden Außenseiten des Preßpolsters über die Polsterschicht vorstehen aufweist.The invention relates to a press pad for use in Laminating presses with a textile carrier with threads, of which form at least a part of thermal conduction, either directly or via contact with other thermal conductors a heat transfer from one outside to the other Outside of the press pad cause, wherein the carrier a cushion layer made of a rubber-elastic material in the region of intersecting threads, characterized characterized in that the thickness of the cushion layer is lower is as that of the wearer and the cushioning layer in such embedded in the carrier is that thermal conductors on both Outer sides of the press pad over the cushion layer protrude having.
Die Herstellung von Schichtmaterialien, beispielsweise mit dekorativen Laminaten versehene Spanplatten, erfolgt in Laminierpressen, die als Nieder- oder Hochdrucketagenpressen oder Kurztaktpressen ausgebildet sein können. Dabei werden Preßpolster eingesetzt, die die Aufgabe haben, den Druck vollflächig und gleichmäßig auf das Preßgut zu übertragen. Die Preßpolster müssen hohen Drücken und auch den in solchen Preßpolstern vorhandenen Temperaturen standhalten können, und sie müssen in der Lage sein, die von den Preßplatten ausgehende Wärme schnell und ohne große Verluste auf das Preßgut überzuleiten, also eine hohe Wärmeleitfähigkeit in dieser Richtung haben.The production of layered materials, for example With decorative laminates chipboard, takes place in lamination presses that are low or high pressure floor presses or short-cycle presses may be formed. there Press pads are used, which have the task the pressure over the entire surface and evenly to the pressed material transfer. The press pads have high pressures and also the temperatures present in such press pads can withstand, and they must be able to Heat emanating from the press plates quickly and without transfer large losses to the material to be pressed, so one have high thermal conductivity in this direction.
Preßpolster sind im Regelfall textile Produkte, wobei es eine Vielzahl von unterschiedlichen Ausführungsformen gibt. Das gattungsgemäße Preßpolster nach der DE-B-23 19 593 weist ein Metallgewebe in Leinwandbindung auf, das vollständig in einer eine Matrix bildende Polsterschicht aus einem Silikonelastomer eingebettet ist. Dabei können dem Silikonelastomer Zuschlagstoffe beispielsweise aus Kupfer- und/oder Aluminium- und/oder Aluminiumbronze und/oder Graphit- und/oder Ferrosilizium-Pulver, zwecks Erhöhung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit der Polsterschicht zugemischt werden.Press pads are usually textile products, wherein There are a variety of different embodiments gives. The generic press pad after the DE-B-23 19 593 has a plain weave metal fabric completely in a matrix layer forming cushion is embedded from a silicone elastomer. In this case, the silicone elastomer additives, for example made of copper and / or aluminum and / or aluminum bronze and / or graphite and / or ferrosilicon powder, in order to increase the thermal conductivity of the cushion layer be mixed.
Diese Art Preßpolster hat sich bewährt, weil die Polsterschicht aus Silikonelastomer gegenüber den in Laminierpressen herrschenden Temperaturen, die bis über 200°C gehen können, beständig ist und weil sie über lange Zeit gute Rückfedereigenschaften hat, so daß es nicht zu bleibenden Eindrücken - entsprechend der Formgebung der zu verpressenden Platten auch Fensterbildung genannt - kommt. Ein weiterer Vorteil besteht darin, daß die Fäden des Trägers durch die Polsterschicht räumlich fixiert werden und somit das Preßpolster eine gute Dimensionsstabilität aufweist. This type of press pad has proven itself because the padding layer made of silicone elastomer compared to laminating presses prevailing temperatures that go up to over 200 ° C can, is stable and because they last for a long time has good springback properties, so it will not last Impressions - according to the shape of the pressing plates also called windowing - comes. Another advantage is that the threads the carrier spatially fixed by the cushion layer and thus the press pad a good dimensional stability having.
Zur Erhöhung der Produktivität ist man bestrebt, die Taktzeiten in den Laminierpressen immer kürzer zu halten. Dies setzt einen schnellen Wärmeübergang von den Heizplatten auf das Preßgut voraus, d.h. die Preßpolster müssen eine hohe Wärmeleitfähigkeit in Dickenrichtung haben. Das bekannte Preßpolster erfüllt diese Anforderungen trotz des Vorhandenseins des Metallgewebes und der die Wärmeleitfähigkeit unterstützenden Zuschlagstoffe nicht befriedigend.To increase productivity, one strives, the Cycle times in the laminating presses always shorter. This sets a quick heat transfer from the heating plates preceded by the material to be pressed, i. the press pads must have a high thermal conductivity in the thickness direction. The known press pad meets these requirements despite the presence of the metal fabric and the Thermal conductivity supporting additives not satisfying.
In jüngerer Zeit ist man deshalb dazu übergegangen, die Preßpolster als ein Gewebe auszubilden, bei dem das Silikonelastomer in Form eines Silikonelastomerfadens vorliegt, wobei diese Silikonelastomerfäden mit Metallfäden kombiniert sind (vgl. EP 0 735 949 A1; WO 00/01522; EP 0 920 983 A1). Die Polstereigenschaften wie auch die Dauerhaltbarkeit ist bei solchen Preßpolstern jedoch nicht befriedigend.More recently, it has therefore been transferred to the To form a press pad as a fabric in which the silicone elastomer is in the form of a silicone elastomer thread, these silicone elastomeric filaments with metal filaments are combined (see EP 0 735 949 A1, WO 00/01522, EP 0 920 983 A1). The upholstery properties as well as the durability is not satisfactory in such press pads.
In der EP 1 040 909 A1 ist der Vorschlag gemacht worden,
Silikonelastomerfäden innerhalb eines Abstandstextils,
d.h. zwischen den das Abstandstextil bildenden Lagen, anzuordnen.
Statt der Fäden kann auch eine polymere vergussmasse
aus einem Silikonelastomer vorgesehen sein. Ein
solches Preßpolster ist jedoch vergleichsweise aufwendig
herzustellen. Außerdem sind die Wärmeübertragungswege relativ
lang und dementsprechend die Fähigkeit, die Wärme
schnell an das Preßgut weiterzugeben, beeinträchtigt.
Schließlich ist die Scherfestigkeit eines solchen Preßpolsters
wegen der Verbindung der Lagen nur durch Abstandsfäden
begrenzt.In
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Preßpolster der eingangs genannten Art so zu gestalten, daß es auch für Laminierpressen mit kurzen Taktzeiten geeignet ist, also insbesondere eine schnellere Wärmeübertragung von den Heizplatten auf das Preßgut gewährleistet.The invention is based on the object, a press pad to make the type mentioned above so that it too suitable for laminating presses with short cycle times, So in particular a faster heat transfer from Ensures the heating plates on the pressed material.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Preßpolster gelöst, bei dem die Dicke der Polsterschicht geringer ist als die des Trägers und die Polsterschicht derart in den Träger eingebettet ist, daß Wärmeleitfäden auf beiden Außenseiten des Preßpolsters über die Polsterschicht vorstehen. Grundgedanke der Erfindung ist es also, die Wärmeleitfäden zumindest teilweise auf beiden Außenseiten des Preßpolsters, also an dessen Flachseiten über die Polsterschicht vorstehen zu lassen, so daß ein direkter und unter dem Pressendruck flächenhafter Kontakt zu den Heizplatten einerseits und zu den Preßblechen andererseits entsteht. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß hierdurch der Wärmedurchgang in Dickenrichtung wesentlich beschleunigt werden kann. Durch Anzahl und Dicke der Wärmeleitfäden und insbesondere der Kontaktflächen kann die Wärmeleitfähigkeit in Dickenrichtung entsprechend den jeweiligen Anforderungen optimal angepaßt werden. Dabei hat sich überraschenderweise gezeigt, daß sich das Polsterverhalten trotz Reduzierung der Dicke der Polsterschicht nicht nachteilig geändert, sondern sogar verbessert hat. Die Fähigkeit des Preßpolsters, druckausgleichend zu wirken und damit den Pressendruck über die Fläche gleichmäßig zu übertragen, ist nicht beeinträchtigt worden. Eine "Fensterbildung" konnte nicht beobachtet werden.This object is achieved by a press pad solved, in which the thickness of the cushion layer is lower as that of the wearer and the cushioning layer in the Carrier is embedded that thermal conductors on both outer sides of the press pad protrude over the cushion layer. The basic idea of the invention is therefore the heat conducting threads at least partially on both outer sides the press pad, so on the flat sides over the To project cushion layer, so that a direct and under the press pressure area contact with the Heating plates on the one hand and to the press plates on the other arises. It has been shown that thereby the Heat transfer significantly accelerated in the thickness direction can be. By number and thickness of the thermal conductors and in particular the contact surfaces, the thermal conductivity in the thickness direction according to the respective requirements be optimally adapted. It has surprisingly shown that the upholstery behavior despite reducing the thickness of the cushion layer not changed adversely, but even improved. The The ability of the press pad to act as a pressure compensator and thus the press pressure evenly over the surface has not been affected. A "Windowing" could not be observed.
Da die Polsterschicht in der Regel dünner sein wird als bei dem Preßpolster nach der DE-B-23 19 593, wird mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Preßpolster eine Materialersparnis erzielt, und es ist nicht unerheblich leichter. Das Preßpolster ist also kostengünstiger herzustellen und zu transportieren. Zudem ist seine Handhabung einfacher.Since the cushion layer will usually be thinner than in the press pad according to DE-B-23 19 593, is with the inventive press pad achieved a material savings, and it is not that easy. The press pad So it is cheaper to manufacture and too transport. In addition, its handling is easier.
Damit das Preßpolster auch bei hohen Temperaturen eingesetzt werden kann, sollte das gummielastische Material bis mindestens 200°C, besser noch 240°C, beständig sein. Als gummielastische Materialien kommen vorzugsweise solche in Frage, die ihre Elastizitätseigenschaften unter den in Laminierpressen herrschenden Drücken und Temperaturen über lange Zeit beibehalten. Hierfür eignen sich vor allem synthetische Elastomere, wie beispielsweise Silikonelastomere, Fluorelastomere und/oder Fluorsilikonelastomere. Das gummielastische Material sollte vorzugsweise eine Härte im Bereich von 60 bis 85 Shore A haben.So that the press pad used even at high temperatures Can be, should the rubber-elastic material to at least 200 ° C, better still 240 ° C, be resistant. As rubber-elastic materials are preferably such in question that their elasticity properties under the pressures and temperatures prevailing in laminating presses maintained over a long time. Suitable for this purpose especially synthetic elastomers, such as silicone elastomers, Fluoroelastomers and / or fluorosilicone elastomers. The rubber-elastic material should preferably have a hardness in the range of 60 to 85 Shore A.
Um eine möglichst gute Polsterfähigkeit zu erhalten, sollte die Polsterschicht in an sich bekannter Weise in den Träger lückenfüllend eingebettet sein, und zwar vorzugsweise mittig, also symmetrisch. Es besteht jedoch auch die Möglichkeit einer asymmetrischen Anordnung. In order to obtain the best possible cushioning ability, should the padding layer in a conventional manner in be embedded filling the carrier gap filling, preferably in the middle, that is symmetrical. It exists, however also the possibility of an asymmetrical arrangement.
Ferner besteht auch hier - wie im Stand der Technik bekannt - die Möglichkeit, in die Polsterschicht Füllmaterialien einzulagern, und zwar für verschiedene Zwecke. Zur Herabsetzung des Gewichts des Preßpolsters können Füllmaterialien in der Polsterschicht verteilt werden, deren spezifisches Gewicht geringer ist als die des gummielastischen Materials. Hierfür eignen sich Gasblasen, so daß die Polsterschicht Schaumcharakter hat, Pulver, Fasern und/oder Mikrokugeln. Statt dessen oder in Kombination können in die Polsterschicht auch wärmeleitende Teilchen eingelagert sein, deren spezifische Wäremeleitfähigkeit höher ist als die der Polsterschicht. Hierfür kommen Pulver oder Fasern aus Metallen oder Kohlenstoff in Frage. Der Anteil aus gegebenenfalls vorhandenen Füllmaterialien und gegebenenfalls vorhandenen Wärmeleitteilchen sollte 10 bis 60 Gew.% des Gewichts der Polsterschicht ausmachen.Furthermore, there is also here - as known in the art - the possibility of filling materials in the padding layer for different purposes. To reduce the weight of the press pad can Filling materials are distributed in the cushion layer, their specific gravity is lower than that of the rubber-elastic Material. For this gas bubbles are suitable so that the cushion layer has foam character, powder, Fibers and / or microspheres. Instead or in combination can also heat-conducting in the cushion layer Particles are incorporated, their specific Wäremeleitfähigkeit higher than that of the cushion layer. Therefor come powder or fibers of metals or carbon in question. The proportion of any existing Fillers and optionally existing Wärmeleitteilchen should be 10 to 60% by weight of the weight of the cushioning layer turn off.
Die Polsterschicht selbst sollte 15 bis 40, vorzugsweise 20 bis 30 Gew.% des Gewichts des gesamten Preßpolsters bilden. Durch unterschiedliche Gewichtsanteile kann die Polsterfähigkeit des Preßpolsters den jeweiligen Anforderungen angepaßt werden. Die Dicke des Preßpolsters sollte vorzugsweise im Bereich von 0,75 bis 3 mm liegen.The cushion layer itself should be 15 to 40, preferably 20 to 30 wt.% Of the weight of the entire Preßpolsters form. By different weight proportions, the Padding ability of the press pad to the respective requirements be adjusted. The thickness of the press pad should be preferably in the range of 0.75 to 3 mm.
Die Wärmeleitfäden müssen nicht zwischen den Außenseiten des Polsters hin- und hergehen, obwohl eine solche Ausführungsform bevorzugt ist. Eine gute Wärmeleitfähigkeit wird auch dann schon erreicht, wenn ein System von Wärmeleitfäden auf beiden Seiten des Preßpolsters vorhanden ist und die Wärmeleitfäden dort überstehen, wenn diese Wärmeleitfäden in der Polsterschicht untereinander Verbindung haben, beispielsweise miteinander verwebt sind.The thermal conductors do not have to be between the outsides go back and forth of the pad, although such an embodiment is preferred. Good thermal conductivity is achieved even if a system of thermal conductors on both sides of the press pad available is and the thermal conductors survive there, if this Wärmeleitfäden in the cushion layer interconnected have, for example, interwoven with each other.
Was die Anzahl der Kontaktpunkte angeht, ist erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagen, 10 bis 40 Kontaktpunkte pro cm2 vorzusehen. Insgesamt sollten die Kontaktpunkte der Wärmeleitfäden an den Außenseiten des Preßpolsters jeweils 15 bis 30 % der jeweiligen Oberfläche einnehmen. Bei diesen Werten ist eine sehr gute Wärmeleitfähigkeit in Dickenrichtung gewährleistet.As far as the number of contact points is concerned, it is proposed according to the invention to provide 10 to 40 contact points per cm 2 . Overall, the contact points of the Wärmeleitfäden on the outer sides of the press pad should each occupy 15 to 30% of the respective surface. With these values, a very good thermal conductivity in the thickness direction is ensured.
Die Wärmeleitfäden können aus Metallen, insbesondere gut wärmeleitenden Metallen wie z.B. Kupfer, Messing, Aluminium, Silber oder auch aus Legierung davon bestehen. Auch Wärmeleitfäden aus Kohlenstoff und/oder aus Kombination von Metall und Kohlenstoff kommen in Frage. Durch die Wahl des Materials für die Wärmeleitfäden kann ebenso wie durch deren Anzahl, Dicke und Anordnung die Wärmeleitfähigkeit des Preßpolsters in Dickenrichtung optimal an die jeweiligen Anforderungen angepaßt werden.The Wärmeleitfäden can be made of metals, especially good thermally conductive metals such as e.g. Copper, brass, aluminum, Silver or alloy thereof. Also Heat conducting carbon and / or combination Metal and carbon come into question. By the Choice of material for the thermal conductors can as well by their number, thickness and arrangement, the thermal conductivity of the press pad in the thickness direction optimally to the be adapted to the respective requirements.
In Sonderheit können die Wärmeleitfäden einen Seelenfaden aufweisen, der von wenigstens einem Draht oder Bändchen umwickelt ist oder um den Drähte oder Bändchen verseilt sind, die aus einem Material bestehen, deren spezifische Wärmeleitfähigkeit größer ist als die des Seelenfadens. Solche Wärmeleitfäden sind beispielsweise dem DE-U-297 21 494 zu entnehmen. In special, the thermal conduction can a soul thread that of at least one wire or ribbon wrapped or twisted around the wires or ribbon are made of a material whose specific Thermal conductivity is greater than that of the core thread. Such thermal conductors are for example the DE-U-297 21 494 can be seen.
Wie bei dem Preßpolster nach der DE-B-23 19 593 kann der Träger vollständig aus Wärmeleitfäden bestehend ausgebildet sein, also beispielsweise aus einem reinen Metallgewebe. Alternativ dazu besteht die Möglichkeit, neben den Wärmeleitfäden weitere Fäden vorzusehen, um dem Preßpolster gewünschte Eigenschaften zu geben. Die weiteren Fäden können Kunststoffäden bilden, die eine Temperaturbeständigkeit von mindestens 200°C, vorzugsweise 240°C, haben. Hierfür kommen insbesondere aromatische Polyamide (Aramide) in Frage.As in the press pad according to DE-B-23 19 593 of the Carrier completely made of thermal conductors formed be, for example, from a pure metal fabric. Alternatively, there is the possibility, in addition to the Wärmeleitfäden provide additional threads to the press pad to give desired properties. The other threads can form plastic threads that have a temperature resistance of at least 200 ° C, preferably 240 ° C. For this purpose, in particular aromatic polyamides (Aramide) in question.
Hinsichtlich der Ausbildung der Fäden - und zwar sowohl der Wärmeleitfäden als auch der weiteren Fäden - sind grundsätzlich keine Beschränkungen gesetzt. So können die Fäden als Monofile, Multifile, geflochtene Fäden, Fasergarne, Litzen, Kabel, Bändchen, Zwirne, gefaserte Garne und/oder umwundene Garne ausgebildet sein.With regard to the formation of the threads - both the Wärmeleitfäden and the other threads - are basically no restrictions. So can the Filaments as monofilaments, multifilaments, braided threads, fiber yarns, Strands, cables, ribbons, threads, filament yarns and / or wound yarns may be formed.
Nach einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist ferner vorgesehen, daß der Träger Elektroleitfäden aufweist, die entweder direkt oder über Kontakt mit anderen Elektroleitfäden eine elektrische Leitfähigkeit zwischen den Außenseiten des Preßpolsters bewirken. Über solche Elektroleitfäden kann die sich in Laminierpressen bildende statische Elektrizität abgeleitet werden. Da die Materialien für die Wärmeleitfäden in der Regel auch elektrisch leitfähig sind, können die Elektroleitfäden zumindest teilweise auch Wärmeleitfäden bilden, so daß schon das Vorhandensein der Wärmeleitfäden und ihr Überstand über die Polsterschicht auch für eine Ableitung der statischen Elektrizität sorgt.According to one embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the carrier Having electric cables, either directly or via Contact with other electric wires an electric Conductivity between the outsides of the press pad cause. About such electric cables can be located in Laminating press forming static electricity derived become. As the materials for the thermal conductors in the rule are also electrically conductive, the Electric cables at least partially also thermal conductors form, so that even the presence of thermal conductors and their supernatant over the padding layer also for one Derivation of static electricity ensures.
Der Träger ist vorzugsweise als zusammenhängendes textiles Flächengebilde ausgebildet, wobei in erster Linie die Ausbildung als Gewebe in Frage kommt. Aber auch andere textile Fadengebilde kommen in Frage, beispielsweise Gewirke, Gestricke, Fadengewebe, Abstandsgewebe oder -gewirke. Soweit der Träger als Gewebe ausgebildet ist, hat es sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn die Schußfäden im wesentlichen gerade verlaufen und die Kettfäden außen vorstehende Kröpfungen bilden und diese zumindest teilweise die Wärmeleitfäden bilden. Über den Durchmesser von Kett- und Schußfäden kann die Höhe der Kröpfungen der Kettfäden eingestellt werden. So läßt sich eine Vergrößerung der Kröpfungshöhe durch Erhöhung des Kettfadendurchmessers und durch Reduzierung des Schußfadendurchmessers erzielen. Es versteht sich, daß die Wärmeleitfähigkeit durch die Art der Gewebebindung und durch die Fadendicke eingestellt werden kann. Dabei können auch mehrlagige Gewebe zum Einsatz kommen.The carrier is preferably as coherent textile Formed sheet, wherein the first Training as tissue comes into question. But others too textile thread structures are suitable, for example knitted fabrics, Knitted fabric, thread fabric, spacer fabric or knits. As far as the carrier is designed as a tissue, it has proved to be advantageous if the wefts essentially straight and the warp threads on the outside form protruding cranks and these at least partially form the Wärmeleitfäden. About the diameter of Warp and weft threads can increase the height of the cranks Warp threads are set. So can an enlargement the cranking height by increasing the warp thread diameter and by reducing the weft diameter achieve. It is understood that the thermal conductivity by the type of weave and by the thread thickness can be adjusted. It can also multi-layered tissue be used.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß Fäden vorhanden sind, die Ausnehmungen aufweisen, die durch Entfernung fadenförmiger Anteile entstanden sind, und daß der Werkstoff der Polsterschicht die Ausnehmungen ausfüllt. Auf diese Weise wird eine bessere formschlüssige Verklammerung zwischen Polsterschicht und Fäden erzielt. Die Herstellung kann in der Weise erfolgen, daß zunächst der Träger hergestellt und dann die fadenförmigen Anteile durch ein sie auflösendes Lösungsmittel oder durch Abbrennen herausgelöst werden, und daß erst dann die Polsterschicht eingebracht wird, beispielsweise mittels eines Rakelprozesses. Dabei können die Ausnehmungen auch durch Entfernung eines Seelenfadens entstanden sein. Als Materialien für die fadenförmigen Anteile kommen Baumwolle, Zellwolle, Polyvinylalkohol, Polyethylen, Polypropylen, Polyamid, Polyacrylnitril, Polyester oder andere leicht lösliche oder niedrig schmelzende Stoffe in Frage.In a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that threads are present which have recesses which caused by removal of thread-like parts, and that the material of the cushion layer, the recesses fills. In this way, a better form-fitting Clamping between the cushion layer and threads achieved. The preparation can be carried out in such a way that first made the carrier and then the thread-like Shares by a dissolving solvent or be removed by burning, and that only then the cushion layer is introduced, for example by means of a squeegee process. This can be the recesses also caused by removal of a soul thread. Come as materials for the thread-like portions Cotton, viscose staple, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene, polypropylene, Polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyester or others slightly soluble or low melting substances in Question.
Die Erfindung sieht schließlich nach einer weiteren Ausführungsform vor, daß das Preßpolster Durchgangskanäle aufweist, die zwischen den Außenseiten des Preßpolsters offen sind, so daß das Preßpolster in Dickenrichtung durchlässig ist. Die Durchlaßkanäle können beispielsweise von herausgelösten Fäden oder Fadenanteilen und/oder durch Poren in der Posterschicht gebildet sein.The invention finally provides, according to a further embodiment, that the press pad Has passageways between the outer sides of the press pad are open, so that the press pad in Thickness direction is permeable. The passageways can for example, from detached threads or thread portions and / or formed by pores in the poster layer be.
In der Zeichnung ist die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels
näher veranschaulicht. Sie zeigt einen
Teil eines Preßpolsters 1 im Vertikalschnitt.In the drawing, the invention is based on an embodiment
illustrated in more detail. She shows you one
Part of a
Das Preßpolster 1 weist einen textilen Träger 2 auf, der
als Gewebe in Leinwandbindung ausgebildet ist. Der Träger
2 hat senkrecht zur Zeichnungsebene und im wesentlichen
gerade verlaufende Schußfäden, beispielhaft mit 3 bezeichnet.
Die Schußfäden 3 sind eingebunden in Kettfäden
4, 5, die zwischen den Schußfäden 3 die Seiten des Preßpolsters
wechseln und jeweils ober- und unterhalb der
Schußfäden 3 Kröpfungen - beispielhaft mit 6 bezeichnet -
ausbilden.The
Symmetrisch zur Mittelebene des Preßpolsters 1 erstreckt
sich eine Polsterschicht 7 aus einem Silikonelastomer.
Die Dicke der Polsterschicht 7 ist geringer als die Gesamtdicke
des Preßpolsters 1, welche durch die Kettfäden
4, 5 vorgegeben wird. Deren Kröpfungen 6 stehen auf beiden
Außenseiten des Preßpolsters 1 vor. Beim Einsatz in
einer Laminierpresse haben die Kröpfungen 6 direkten Kontakt
einerseits zu den Heizpreßplatten und andererseits
zu den Preßblechen. Dabei bilden sich Kontaktflächen, die
sich unter Druck vergrößern. Da die Kettfäden 4, 5 die
Seiten ständig wechseln, bilden sie Wärmeleitfäden, die
die Wärme von den Heizpreßplatten auf die Preßbleche und
damit auf das Preßgut übertragen. Der Wärmeübertragung
förderlich sind auch die Schußfäden 3 sowie in die Polsterschicht
7 eingelagerte Wärmeleitteilchen.Symmetrically to the center plane of the
Die Schußfäden 3 weisen einen Seelenfaden 8 aus einem
aromatischen Polyamid auf, um den Metalldrähte - beispielhaft
mit 9 bezeichnet - gewickelt sind. Die Kettfäden
4, 5 sind in gleicher Weise ausgebildet, wobei jedoch
bei jedem zweiten Kettfaden 5 der Seelenfaden entfernt
ist, beispielsweise durch Behandlung mit einem entsprechenden
Lösungsmittel oder durch Abbrennen. In den so
entstandenen Hohlraum 10 ist das Silikonelastomer der
Polsterschicht 7 eingedrungen, wodurch die Verbindung
zwischen Träger 2 und Polsterschicht 7 verbessert wird.The
Claims (32)
- Press pad (1) for use in laminating presses, having a textile backing (2) with mutually crossing threads (3, 4, 5) of which at least some comprise heat conducting threads (3, 4, 5) which either directly or via contact with other heat conducting threads (3, 4, 5) bring about heat transfer from one outer side to the other outer side of the press pad (1), whereby the backing (2) has a padding layer (7) made from an elastic material in the region of the mutually crossing threads (3, 4, 5), characterised in that the thickness of the padding layer (7) is less than that of the backing (2) and the padding layer (7) is embedded into the backing (2) such that heat conducting threads (4, 5) stand out on both external sides of the press pad (1) over the padding layer (7).
- Press pad according to claim 1, characterised in that the elastic material is resistant to temperatures of up to at least 200°C.
- Press pad according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the elastic material is an elastomer.
- Press pad according to claim 3, characterised in that the elastomer is a silicone elastomer, fluoroelastomer and/or fluorosilicone elastomer.
- Press pad according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the elastic material has a hardness in the range 60 Shore A to 85 Shore A.
- Press pad according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the padding layer (7) is embedded in the backing (2) such that it fills the gaps.
- Press pad according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the padding layer (7) is embedded centrally in the backing (2).
- Press pad according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the padding layer (7) comprises in the range of 15% to 40% by weight of the press pad (1), and preferably in the range of 20% to 30% by weight.
- Press pad according to one of the claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the thickness of the press pad (1) is in the range 0.75 mm to 3 mm.
- Press pad according to one of the claims 1 to 9, characterised in that distributed in the padding layer (7) are filling materials whose specific weight is lower than that of the elastic material.
- Press pad according to claim 10, characterised in that the filling materials comprise gas bubbles, powder and/or microspheres.
- Press pad according to one of the claims 1 to 11, characterised in that distributed in the padding layer (7) are heat conducting particles whose specific heat conductivity is greater than that of the padding layer (7).
- Press pad according to claim 12, characterised in that the heat conducting particles are formed as a powder and/or fibres made of metal and/or carbon.
- Press pad according to one of the claims 10 to 13, characterised in that the proportion of any filling materials present and any heat conducting particles present is in the range of 10% to 60% by weight of the weight of the padding layer (7).
- Press pad according to one of the claims 1 to 14, characterised in that heat conducting threads (4, 5) alternate back and forth between the external sides of the press pad (1).
- Press pad'according to one of the claims 1 to 15, characterised in that heat conducting threads (4, 5) form in the range of 10 to 40, and preferably 15 to 30, contact points per square centimetre on the external sides of the press pad (1).
- Press pad according to one of the claims 1 to 16, characterised in that heat conducting threads (4, 5) form contact points on the external sides of the press pad (1), said contact points having areas which cover in the range of 15% to 30% of the respective surface of the press pad (1).
- Press pad according to one of the claims 1 to 17, characterised in that heat conducting threads comprise metals such as copper, brass, aluminium, silver or alloys thereof, of carbon and/or combinations of metal and carbon.
- Press pad according to one of the claims 1 to 18, characterised in that heat conducting threads (3, 4, 5) have a core thread, which is wound round with at least one wire or band or around which wires or bands are twisted, which comprise a material whose specific heat conductivity is greater than that of the core thread.
- Press pad according to one of the claims 1 to 19, characterised in that the backing (2) comprises heat conducting threads (3, 4, 5).
- Press pad according to one of the claims 1 to 19, characterised in that aside from the heat conducting threads, further threads are present.
- Press pad according to claim 21, characterised in that the further threads comprise plastics threads which are resistant to temperatures of at least 200°C.
- Press pad according to one of the claims 1 to 22, characterised in that the threads (3, 4, 5) are designed as monofilaments, multifilaments, braided threads, spun threads, braided wire, cables, bands, twisted yarns, fibrous yarns and/or bound yarns.
- Press pad according to one of the claims 1 to 23, characterised in that the backing (2) has electrically conductive threads (3, 4, 5) which bring about electrical conductivity either directly or via contact with other electrically conductive threads (3, 4, 5) between the external sides of the press pad (1).
- Press pad according to claim 24, characterised in that the electrically conductive threads (3, 4, 5) at least partially comprise thermally conductive threads (3, 4, 5).
- Press pad according to one of the claims 1 to 25, characterised in that the backing (2) is designed as a woven fabric, knitted or warp-knitted fabric, stitch-bonded material, or spaced woven or knitted fabric.
- Press pad according to one of the claims 1 to 26, characterised in that the backing (2) is designed as a woven fabric in which the weft threads (3) run substantially straight and the warp threads (4, 5) form outwardly protruding shoulders (6) and at least partially comprise the heat conducting threads.
- Press pad according to claim 27, characterised in that the weft threads are present in at least one layer.
- Press pad according to one of the claims 1 to 28, characterised in that threads are present which have recesses caused by removal of thread-shaped portions and that the material of the padding layer (7) fills the recesses.
- Press pad according to claim 29, characterised in that the recesses are made by removal of a core thread.
- Press pad according to one of the claims 1 to 30, characterised in that the press pad (1) has through channels, which are open between the external sides.
- Press pad according to claim 31, characterised in that the through channels comprise pores.
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP01122617A EP1300235B1 (en) | 2001-09-27 | 2001-09-27 | Press pad |
DE50105545T DE50105545D1 (en) | 2001-09-27 | 2001-09-27 | press pad |
AT01122617T ATE290461T1 (en) | 2001-09-27 | 2001-09-27 | PRESS PAD |
PT01122617T PT1300235E (en) | 2001-09-27 | 2001-09-27 | PRESSURE PAD |
ES01122617T ES2238372T3 (en) | 2001-09-27 | 2001-09-27 | PRESS PAD. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP01122617A EP1300235B1 (en) | 2001-09-27 | 2001-09-27 | Press pad |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1300235A1 EP1300235A1 (en) | 2003-04-09 |
EP1300235B1 true EP1300235B1 (en) | 2005-03-09 |
Family
ID=8178683
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01122617A Expired - Lifetime EP1300235B1 (en) | 2001-09-27 | 2001-09-27 | Press pad |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1300235B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE290461T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE50105545D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2238372T3 (en) |
PT (1) | PT1300235E (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE202010001226U1 (en) | 2010-01-20 | 2011-05-26 | Helmbach GmbH & Co. KG, 52353 | press pad |
DE202012005265U1 (en) | 2012-05-26 | 2012-06-27 | Rolf Espe | Press pad for single and multi-day heating presses with heat-conducting contact closing threads in warp and / or weft direction |
EP2756947A1 (en) | 2013-01-16 | 2014-07-23 | Hueck Rheinische GmbH | Pressure pads for a single or multi-platen press |
DE202015006923U1 (en) | 2015-10-02 | 2015-10-16 | Rolf Espe | Press pad for use in hydraulic single or multi-floor heating presses |
DE202016000367U1 (en) | 2016-01-20 | 2016-02-05 | Rolf Espe | Press pad for single and multi-day presses whose silicone elastomer padding layer is applied in a 3D printing process. |
DE202017003635U1 (en) | 2017-07-11 | 2017-08-22 | Rolf Espe | Press pads with higher thermal conductivity and improved recovery properties for the coating of wood-based panels in hydraulic single and multi-floor heating presses |
DE202017003632U1 (en) | 2017-07-11 | 2017-10-20 | Rolf Espe | Pressure compensation fabric, in particular press pads for the equipment of hydraulic single and Mehretagenheizpressen, consisting of a fabric with elastic weft and / or warp threads |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10337403B3 (en) * | 2003-08-13 | 2004-12-16 | Rheinische Filztuchfabrik Gmbh | Press cushion for single- and multi-stage high and low pressure presses, for the production of fiberboards and chipboards, has metal warp filaments and polymer weft filaments with gas pockets |
DE202005016935U1 (en) * | 2005-10-28 | 2006-01-26 | Espe, Rolf | Pressure compensation fabric for hydraulic heating press systems |
GB0608677D0 (en) | 2006-05-03 | 2006-06-14 | Marathon Belting Ltd | Improvements to press pads |
DE102010036539B4 (en) | 2010-07-21 | 2013-04-11 | Hueck Rheinische Gmbh | Press pad for a hydraulic press |
DE202012004628U1 (en) | 2012-05-04 | 2012-06-15 | Rolf Espe | High temperature resistant pressure compensating fabric for use in hydraulic single or multi-floor heating presses, endless double-belt heating presses and shaped heating presses. |
DE202012004859U1 (en) | 2012-05-16 | 2012-06-27 | Rolf Espe | Press pads for use in hydraulic single or multi-floor heating presses with fiber materials that have a negative linear thermal expansion coefficient |
KR101885781B1 (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2018-08-06 | (주)다오코리아 | Heating mat |
DE202019000828U1 (en) | 2019-02-20 | 2020-02-24 | Rolf Espe | Press pad with high spring action on a metallic basis for coating wood-based panels and manufacturing plastic panels in hydraulic single and multi-day heating presses. |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2319593B2 (en) * | 1973-04-18 | 1976-09-23 | Becker & van Hüllen Niederrheinische Maschinenfabrik, 4150 Krefeld | PRESS PAD FOR HEATING PLATE PRESSES |
US6071567A (en) * | 1992-03-25 | 2000-06-06 | Reeves Brothers, Inc. | Formation of compressible ply containing high melting point thermoplastic microspheres and printing blankets comprising same |
DE29721495U1 (en) * | 1997-12-05 | 1998-02-19 | Heimbach Gmbh Thomas Josef | Press pad |
GB9814133D0 (en) * | 1998-07-01 | 1998-08-26 | Marathon Belting Ltd | Improvements to press pads |
ES2162499T3 (en) * | 1999-03-03 | 2001-12-16 | Heimbach Gmbh Thomas Josef | PRESS PAD. |
ATE270612T1 (en) * | 1999-03-03 | 2004-07-15 | Heimbach Gmbh Thomas Josef | PRESS PAD |
-
2001
- 2001-09-27 ES ES01122617T patent/ES2238372T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-09-27 AT AT01122617T patent/ATE290461T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-09-27 PT PT01122617T patent/PT1300235E/en unknown
- 2001-09-27 DE DE50105545T patent/DE50105545D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-09-27 EP EP01122617A patent/EP1300235B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE202010001226U1 (en) | 2010-01-20 | 2011-05-26 | Helmbach GmbH & Co. KG, 52353 | press pad |
EP2347894A2 (en) | 2010-01-20 | 2011-07-27 | Heimbach GmbH & Co. KG | Pressure pad |
DE202012005265U1 (en) | 2012-05-26 | 2012-06-27 | Rolf Espe | Press pad for single and multi-day heating presses with heat-conducting contact closing threads in warp and / or weft direction |
EP2666623A2 (en) | 2012-05-26 | 2013-11-27 | Hueck Rheinische GmbH | Method for producing a pressure cushion and corresponding elastomer thread and associated pressure pad |
EP2756947A1 (en) | 2013-01-16 | 2014-07-23 | Hueck Rheinische GmbH | Pressure pads for a single or multi-platen press |
DE102013100433A1 (en) | 2013-01-16 | 2014-07-31 | Hueck Rheinische Gmbh | Press pad for a single or multi-floor heating press |
DE202015006923U1 (en) | 2015-10-02 | 2015-10-16 | Rolf Espe | Press pad for use in hydraulic single or multi-floor heating presses |
WO2017055535A1 (en) | 2015-10-02 | 2017-04-06 | Hueck Rheinische Gmbh | Single- or multi-daylight hot press, method for producing a press pad and use of the same |
US10773481B2 (en) | 2015-10-02 | 2020-09-15 | Hueck Rheinische Gmbh | Single or multi-level hot press and use of the same |
DE202016000367U1 (en) | 2016-01-20 | 2016-02-05 | Rolf Espe | Press pad for single and multi-day presses whose silicone elastomer padding layer is applied in a 3D printing process. |
DE202017003635U1 (en) | 2017-07-11 | 2017-08-22 | Rolf Espe | Press pads with higher thermal conductivity and improved recovery properties for the coating of wood-based panels in hydraulic single and multi-floor heating presses |
DE202017003632U1 (en) | 2017-07-11 | 2017-10-20 | Rolf Espe | Pressure compensation fabric, in particular press pads for the equipment of hydraulic single and Mehretagenheizpressen, consisting of a fabric with elastic weft and / or warp threads |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1300235A1 (en) | 2003-04-09 |
ATE290461T1 (en) | 2005-03-15 |
DE50105545D1 (en) | 2005-04-14 |
ES2238372T3 (en) | 2005-09-01 |
PT1300235E (en) | 2005-06-30 |
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