EP1292655A1 - Pyrolysis and gasification process and apparatus - Google Patents

Pyrolysis and gasification process and apparatus

Info

Publication number
EP1292655A1
EP1292655A1 EP01940753A EP01940753A EP1292655A1 EP 1292655 A1 EP1292655 A1 EP 1292655A1 EP 01940753 A EP01940753 A EP 01940753A EP 01940753 A EP01940753 A EP 01940753A EP 1292655 A1 EP1292655 A1 EP 1292655A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stream
pyrolysis
gasification
gasifying agent
streams
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01940753A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
John Ernest Elsom Sharpe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Compact Power Ltd
Original Assignee
Compact Power Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Compact Power Ltd filed Critical Compact Power Ltd
Publication of EP1292655A1 publication Critical patent/EP1292655A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60—Processes
    • C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
    • C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/723—Controlling or regulating the gasification process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/80—Other features with arrangements for preheating the blast or the water vapour
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/158—Screws
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C10J2300/1876—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being combustion gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C10J2300/1892—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being water/steam

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a pyrolysis and gasification process and apparatus.
  • waste material is subjected to a two stage process in which the waste material is firstly pyrolysed at a relatively low temperature in the substantial absence of air or oxygen to yield a gaseous product and a solid product, the solid product being thereafter in a separate step and at a different part of the apparatus being subjected to a high temperature gasification step by reaction with a gasifying agent, which may comprise air, steam and/or recycled flue gas, so as to yield a second gaseous product which is combined with the pyrolysis gas and conducted to a secondary combustion chamber when it is combusted to yield heat energy, a part of which is used to effect the aforementioned pyrolysis step.
  • a gasifying agent which may comprise air, steam and/or recycled flue gas
  • a particularly useful gasifying agent or constituent of the gasifying agent, to use in the gasifying step of such processes is steam because it yields when reacted with carbonaceous materials hydrogen and carbon monoxide which has high calorific value and which therefore can produce a large amount of heat energy.
  • steam there is a problem in using steam in such a waste disposal process in that the reduction of steam is a highly endothermic process and can only occur at high temperature (in excess of 850°C) . This means that when steam is used as the gasifying agent it must be introduced into the gasifying chamber at a temperature substantially higher than 850°C.
  • a method of adjusting the temperature of a gasifying agent comprising steam used in the gasification step of a two-stage pyrolysis and gasification process for converting solid carbonaceous materials into heat energy, which method comprises dividing a supply of a gasifying agent which consists of or comprises steam into two streams hereinafter referred to as a first stream and a second stream; passing only said first stream through a conduit which is heated by the secondary combustion of the off gases from., pyrolysis and gasification; and recombining said first and second streams before the combined stream is passed into the zone in which gasification takes place; the proportion of said first and second streams being adjusted so as to achieve a desired combined stream temperature' prior to entry into the gasification zone.
  • the invention also provides a pyrolysis and gasification process for converting solid carbonaceous waste materials into heat energy when comprising a method of adjusting the temperature of the stream of gasifying agent as defined above.
  • the invention provides an apparatus for performing the pyrolysis and gasification process as defined above which comprises: one or more gasification chambers; one or more pyrolysis tubes, said one or more pyrolysis tubes being disposed within a pyrolysis chamber heated by the combustion of off gases from the gasification chamber (s) and pyrolysis tube(s); valve means for splitting a stream of gasifying agent consisting of or comprising stream into two streams, a first stream and a second stream; a first conduit provided in said pyrolysis chamber for conducting said first stream of gasifying agent through said pyrolysis chamber said first conduit permitting heat exchange to said first stream of gasifying agent; a second conduit for conducting said second stream of gasifying agent along a route by-passing said pyrolysis chamber; and means for recombining said first and second conduits prior to connection with said one or more gasification chambers.
  • the pyrolysed solid is ejected at the left hand end of the pyrolysis tube into a gasification chamber 3 in which the bed 4 of the pyrolysed solid is treated at high temperature with gasifying agent admitted through pipe 5.
  • Tap 6 permits exhausted process material to be removed from the bottom of the gasification chamber.
  • the chamber 2 will usually contain several pyrolysis tubes, but only one is shown in this diagram, for simplicity) .
  • the novel arrangement of the present invention is shown in the part of the apparatus which is used to feed the* gasifying chamber with gasifying agent.
  • a supply of gasifying agent which comprises steam is piped in at 8 and two conduits are provided.
  • the first conduit 9 passes through the pyrolysis chamber and is arranged as a heat exchanger, which can be in the form of a sinuous pipe as shown, somewhat pronounced of the tubing of a trombone.
  • the second conduit 10 by-passes the pyrolysis chamber.
  • the proportions of the streams of gasifying agent passing through conduits 9 and 10 can be adjusted using valves or dampers 11 and 12. Conduits 9 and 10 are recombined at junction 13 prior to the inlet pipe 5.
  • the flow of gasifying agent and the valves or dampers 11 and 12 are controlled in conventional manner by means of conventional temperature measurement and electronic controls so that the proportions of gasifying agent passing through the conduits 9 and 10 result in the temperature of the gasifying agent in pipe 5 being at optimum for the gasification process and the overall process.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

A method of adjusting the temperature of a gasifying agent comprising steam used in the gasification step of a two-stage pyrolysis and gasification process for converting solid carbonaceous materials into heat energy, comprises dividing a supply of a gasifying agent which consists of or comprises steam into two streams hereinafter referred to as a first stream and a second stream; passing only said first stream through a conduit which is heated by the secondary combustion of the off gases from pyrolysis and gasification; and recombining said first and second streams before the combined stream is passed into the zone in which gasification takes place; the proportion of said first and second streams being adjusted so as to achieve a desired combined stream temperature prior to entry into the gasification zone.

Description

PYROLYSIS AND GASIFICATION PROCESS AND APPARATUS
This invention relates to a pyrolysis and gasification process and apparatus.
In recent years there has been considerable interest in methods of disposal of solid waste carbonaceous materials and significant advantages over conventional incineration techniques have been found in a pyrolysis and gasification process whereby waste is converted in an efficient* manner into useable energy as described in WO 97/15640 and WO 97/15641. In the process described in WO 97/15640 and WO 97/15641 solid carbonaceous material, in particular waste material is subjected to a two stage process in which the waste material is firstly pyrolysed at a relatively low temperature in the substantial absence of air or oxygen to yield a gaseous product and a solid product, the solid product being thereafter in a separate step and at a different part of the apparatus being subjected to a high temperature gasification step by reaction with a gasifying agent, which may comprise air, steam and/or recycled flue gas, so as to yield a second gaseous product which is combined with the pyrolysis gas and conducted to a secondary combustion chamber when it is combusted to yield heat energy, a part of which is used to effect the aforementioned pyrolysis step. A particularly useful gasifying agent or constituent of the gasifying agent, to use in the gasifying step of such processes is steam because it yields when reacted with carbonaceous materials hydrogen and carbon monoxide which has high calorific value and which therefore can produce a large amount of heat energy. However, there is a problem in using steam in such a waste disposal process in that the reduction of steam is a highly endothermic process and can only occur at high temperature (in excess of 850°C) . This means that when steam is used as the gasifying agent it must be introduced into the gasifying chamber at a temperature substantially higher than 850°C. Moreover, it is important to be able to control the temperature of the gasifying agent in order to control the gasification process, bearing in mind, for example, that the nature of the pyrolysed solid used in the gasification process will vary depending on the nature of the carbonaceous material which is being pyrolysed.
A way has now been discovered of achieving both the necessary high temperature when steam is used in or as the gasifying agent and also controlling the temperature of the gasifying agent, so as to be able to control the gasification process.
According to the present invention there is provided a method of adjusting the temperature of a gasifying agent comprising steam used in the gasification step of a two-stage pyrolysis and gasification process for converting solid carbonaceous materials into heat energy, which method comprises dividing a supply of a gasifying agent which consists of or comprises steam into two streams hereinafter referred to as a first stream and a second stream; passing only said first stream through a conduit which is heated by the secondary combustion of the off gases from., pyrolysis and gasification; and recombining said first and second streams before the combined stream is passed into the zone in which gasification takes place; the proportion of said first and second streams being adjusted so as to achieve a desired combined stream temperature' prior to entry into the gasification zone. The invention also provides a pyrolysis and gasification process for converting solid carbonaceous waste materials into heat energy when comprising a method of adjusting the temperature of the stream of gasifying agent as defined above.
Furthermore the invention provides an apparatus for performing the pyrolysis and gasification process as defined above which comprises: one or more gasification chambers; one or more pyrolysis tubes, said one or more pyrolysis tubes being disposed within a pyrolysis chamber heated by the combustion of off gases from the gasification chamber (s) and pyrolysis tube(s); valve means for splitting a stream of gasifying agent consisting of or comprising stream into two streams, a first stream and a second stream; a first conduit provided in said pyrolysis chamber for conducting said first stream of gasifying agent through said pyrolysis chamber said first conduit permitting heat exchange to said first stream of gasifying agent; a second conduit for conducting said second stream of gasifying agent along a route by-passing said pyrolysis chamber; and means for recombining said first and second conduits prior to connection with said one or more gasification chambers.
The invention will now be illustrated by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawing which shows in diagrammatic section the relevant parts of a pyrolysis and gasification apparatus to which the invention relates. For a diagrammatic representation of a typical Overall arrangement reference can be made to Figures 5 and 6 which appear in both WO 97/15640 and WO 97/15641 the full contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. In the drawing a pyrolysis tube 1 is screw-fed from its right hand end in an air-tight manner with solid carbonaceous fuel, which can be solid waste material, the pyrolysis tube passing through pyrolysis chamber 2 which heats the tube to effect pyrolysis of the solid carbonaceous material.
The pyrolysed solid is ejected at the left hand end of the pyrolysis tube into a gasification chamber 3 in which the bed 4 of the pyrolysed solid is treated at high temperature with gasifying agent admitted through pipe 5. Tap 6 permits exhausted process material to be removed from the bottom of the gasification chamber.
Off-gases from the gasification process and also the pyrolysis tube exit the gasification chamber at 7 and are subjected to secondary combustion with air. or oxygen (not shown) the resulting hot gaseous mixture being passed through the pyrolysis chamber 2 so as to heat the pyrolysis tube. (In practice the chamber 2 will usually contain several pyrolysis tubes, but only one is shown in this diagram, for simplicity) .
The novel arrangement of the present invention is shown in the part of the apparatus which is used to feed the* gasifying chamber with gasifying agent. A supply of gasifying agent which comprises steam is piped in at 8 and two conduits are provided. The first conduit 9 passes through the pyrolysis chamber and is arranged as a heat exchanger, which can be in the form of a sinuous pipe as shown, somewhat reminiscent of the tubing of a trombone. The second conduit 10 by-passes the pyrolysis chamber. The proportions of the streams of gasifying agent passing through conduits 9 and 10 can be adjusted using valves or dampers 11 and 12. Conduits 9 and 10 are recombined at junction 13 prior to the inlet pipe 5. The flow of gasifying agent and the valves or dampers 11 and 12 are controlled in conventional manner by means of conventional temperature measurement and electronic controls so that the proportions of gasifying agent passing through the conduits 9 and 10 result in the temperature of the gasifying agent in pipe 5 being at optimum for the gasification process and the overall process.
It will be understood that variations in the above-described specific method, process and apparatus can be made by the skilled person without departing from the present invention as claimed in the following claims .

Claims

1. A method of adjusting the temperature of a gasifying agent comprising steam used in the gasification step of a two-stage pyrolysis and gasification process for converting solid carbonaceous materials into heat energy, which method comprises dividing a supply of a gasifying agent which consists of or comprises steam into two streams hereinafter referred to as a first stream and a second stream; passing only said first stream through a co-nduit which is heated by the secondary combustion of the off gases from pyrolysis and gasification; and recombining said first and second streams before the combined stream is passed into the zone in which gasification takes place; the proportion of said first and second streams being adjusted so as to achieve a desired combined stream temperature prior to entry into the gasification zone.
2. A pyrolysis and gasification process for converting solid carbonaceous materials into heat energy when comprising a method of adjusting the temperature of the stream of gasifying agent as claimed in claim 1.
3. An apparatus for performing the pyrolysis and gasification process as claimed in claim 2 which comprises: one or more gasification chambers; one or more pyrolysis tubes, said one or more pyrolysis tubes being disposed within a pyrolysis chamber heated by the combustion of off gases from the gasification chamber (s) and pyrolysis tube ( s ) ; valve means for splitting a stream of gasifying agent consisting of or comprising stream into two streams, a first stream and a second stream; a first conduit provided in said pyrolysis chamber for conducting said first stream of gasifying agent through said pyrolysis chamber said first conduit permitting heat exchange to said first stream of gasifying agent; a second conduit for conducting said second stream of gasifying agent along a route by-passing said pyrolysis chamber; and means recombining said first and second conduits prior to connection with said one or more gasification chambers.
. An apparatus as claimed in claim 3 wherein said first conduit comprises a sinuous metal pipe.
5. An apparatus as claimed in claim 3 or claim 4 comprising temperature measurement means and electronic control means for operating said valve means to adjust the proportions of gasifying agent or stream in said first and second streams.
EP01940753A 2000-06-15 2001-06-15 Pyrolysis and gasification process and apparatus Withdrawn EP1292655A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0014688A GB2363388A (en) 2000-06-15 2000-06-15 Pyrolysis and gasification process and apparatus
GB0014688 2000-06-15
PCT/GB2001/002692 WO2001096501A1 (en) 2000-06-15 2001-06-15 Pyrolysis and gasification process and apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1292655A1 true EP1292655A1 (en) 2003-03-19

Family

ID=9893747

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01940753A Withdrawn EP1292655A1 (en) 2000-06-15 2001-06-15 Pyrolysis and gasification process and apparatus

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1292655A1 (en)
AU (1) AU2001274255A1 (en)
GB (1) GB2363388A (en)
WO (1) WO2001096501A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5461174A (en) * 1993-06-23 1995-10-24 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Method of reacting carboxylic chlorides dissolved in carboxylates

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10224018B4 (en) * 2002-05-28 2015-10-08 Bioenergy Systems N.V. Apparatus and method for generating energy from bioenergy sources and other organic substances
DE102005046347B4 (en) * 2005-09-16 2017-08-31 Bioenergy Systems N.V. Apparatus and method for generating energy from bioenergy sources and other organic substances
DE102007004221A1 (en) * 2007-01-27 2008-09-25 Robert Bosch Gmbh Apparatus and method for the thermal conversion of pellets or wood chips
IT1399655B1 (en) * 2010-04-26 2013-04-26 Bertei PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE GASIFICATION OF ORGANIC MATERIALS
EP2481788A1 (en) * 2011-02-01 2012-08-01 Ars Energy OÜ Method of biomass fuel production from carbonaceous feedstock

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2822862C2 (en) * 1978-05-26 1984-01-05 Ruhrchemie Ag, 4200 Oberhausen Process for the production of gas mixtures containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide by gasifying carbon-containing, ash-forming fuels
RU2002069C1 (en) * 1992-05-13 1993-10-30 Сергей Александрович Масной Operating method for steam-turbine plant
GB9410470D0 (en) * 1994-05-25 1994-07-13 Compact Power Ltd A combined pyrolysing gasifier and method of its operation
EP0873382B1 (en) * 1995-10-26 2001-06-13 Compact Power Limited Feeding systems for a continuous pyrolysis and gasification process and apparatus
JPH09126409A (en) * 1995-11-01 1997-05-16 Babcock Hitachi Kk Method and device for temperature control of feed-water heater

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO0196501A1 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5461174A (en) * 1993-06-23 1995-10-24 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Method of reacting carboxylic chlorides dissolved in carboxylates

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2363388A (en) 2001-12-19
WO2001096501A1 (en) 2001-12-20
AU2001274255A1 (en) 2001-12-24
GB0014688D0 (en) 2000-08-09

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