EP1279749A1 - Aluminum bronze with high wear resistance - Google Patents

Aluminum bronze with high wear resistance Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1279749A1
EP1279749A1 EP02016598A EP02016598A EP1279749A1 EP 1279749 A1 EP1279749 A1 EP 1279749A1 EP 02016598 A EP02016598 A EP 02016598A EP 02016598 A EP02016598 A EP 02016598A EP 1279749 A1 EP1279749 A1 EP 1279749A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
weight
aluminum bronze
aluminum
wear resistance
alloy
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EP02016598A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jürgen Dr. Rexer
Karin Liebig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Diehl Metall Stiftung and Co KG
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Diehl Metall Stiftung and Co KG
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Publication of EP1279749A1 publication Critical patent/EP1279749A1/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C9/00Alloys based on copper
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C9/00Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/01Alloys based on copper with aluminium as the next major constituent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C9/00Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/06Alloys based on copper with nickel or cobalt as the next major constituent

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an aluminum bronze for the application area of the synchronizer rings.
  • wear resistance is always to be understood as low material removal due to corrosion.
  • Aluminum bronze has compared to other copper alloys e.g. Brass has the advantage that the part weight can be reduced due to the aluminum used. Such alloys are resistant to oxidation due to a protective layer caused by the aluminum. Aluminum bronzes are also highly resilient and wear-resistant sliding materials, their high strength leads to a low wear rate due to the good sliding properties. In addition, aluminum bronzes are easy to weld.
  • the invention proposes an alloy of 7.5-9.5% Al, 7-9.5% Fe, 7-11% Ni, 1.5-4% Si, the rest copper and usual impurities up to a total 1%. All information is given in percent by weight.
  • the alloy a content of 8 - 9% Al, 8 - 9% Fe, 7 - 10% Ni and 3 - 4% Si, the rest copper and usual impurities up to a total of 1% provided.
  • wear resistance values can be achieved, which are significantly higher than those of the brass materials used previously for synchronizer rings.
  • these alloys have a coefficient of friction which is higher than the values customary for these known materials. The invention thus brings a considerable advance over the brass materials previously used in synchronizer rings at approximately comparable costs.
  • a first alloy contains 69.9% Cu, 8.5% Al, 8.2% Fe, 9.4% Ni and 3.5% Si.
  • This alloy has a wear resistance of 1280 km / g and a coefficient of friction of 0.125.
  • the specified wear resistance is defined by the number of kilometers covered until 1 g of material has been removed from the synchronizer ring.
  • the second alloy contains 71.6% Cu, 7.9% Al, 8.5% Fe, 7.4% Ni and 3.5% Si.
  • a wear resistance of 1530 km / g and a coefficient of friction of 0.140 were measured on the synchronizer rings made from this.
  • a third alloy has a content of 71.5% Cu, 8.8% Al, 6.0% Fe, 9.3% Ni, 3.5% Si.
  • a wear resistance of 1320 km / g and a coefficient of friction of 0.115 were determined.
  • silicon is responsible for the formation of the hard wear-resistant intermetallic phases. There should not be any free silicon in the solution, but should be bound by iron and nickel. Iron and nickel also promote the hardening process.
  • the alloys described above were cast at a casting temperature of 1120 to 1180 ° C; This is followed by cooling in air, the cooling rate not being critical. After heating again, hot forming is carried out by extrusion at temperatures of 800 to 900 ° C and cooling again in air. Finally, after re-heating at a temperature of 790 to 890 ° C, the die was drop-forged and the alloy was then cooled in air.
  • the shape of the intermetallic phases is approximately spherical, which is advantageous in terms of the toughness and ductility of the alloy.

Abstract

Aluminum bronze contains 7.5-9.5 weight % aluminum, 7-9.5 weight % iron, 7-11 weight % nickel, 1.5-4 weight % silicon and a balance of copper and the usual impurities of up to 1 weight %. Preferred Features: The aluminum bronze contains 8-9 weight % aluminum, 8-9 weight % iron, 7-10 weight % nickel, 3-4 weight % silicon and a balance of copper and the usual impurities of up to 1 weight %. The aluminum bronze further contains up to 0.5 weight % lead.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht auf eine Aluminiumbronze für das Anwendungsgebiet der Synchronringe.The invention relates to an aluminum bronze for the application area of the synchronizer rings.

Aluminiumbronzen sind aufgrund ihrer guten Eigenschaften hinsichtlich mechanischer Festigkeit, Korrosionsbeständigkeit und Verschleißfestigkeit ein geschätzter Konstruktionswerkstoff, insbesondere auch in flüssigen Medien..Due to their good properties in terms of mechanical strength, corrosion resistance and wear resistance, aluminum bronzes are a valued construction material, especially in liquid media.

Es ist beispielsweise aus der DE PS 26 21 602 eine Aluminiumbronze mit 4 - 12 Gewichtsprozent Al, Spuren bis 1% Si und/oder Be in fester Lösung sowie 4,2 - 10% Eisensilizide, Rest Kupfer bekannt. Im Falle der Verwendung von Beryllium können bis zu 6% nicht an Eisensilizid gebundenes Eisen verwendet werden. Diese Legierung kann außerdem Nickel in einer Menge bis höchstens 7% enthalten. Bei dieser bekannten Legierung steht die Frage der Zugfestigkeit und einer hohen prozentualen Dehnung im Vordergrund. Sie ist verwendbar für gleitende Teile in Walzwerken, Werkzeugmaschinen und dergleichen.It is known, for example, from DE PS 26 21 602 an aluminum bronze with 4 to 12 percent by weight Al, traces up to 1% Si and / or Be in solid solution and 4.2 to 10% iron silicides, the rest copper. If beryllium is used, up to 6% of iron not bound to iron silicide can be used. This alloy can also contain nickel in an amount up to a maximum of 7%. With this known alloy, the focus is on the tensile strength and a high percentage elongation. It can be used for sliding parts in rolling mills, machine tools and the like.

Es ist ferner aus der DE-PS 24 58 379 eine Aluminiumbronze der Zusammensetzung 3 - 12% Al, 3 - 6% Fe, 4 - 7% Ni, sowie 0,3 - 5% Si, Rest Kupfer bekannt, welche als Werkstoff für Beizhaken dienen soll. Bei dieser Legierung kommt es auf die große Beständigkeit gegen aggressive Flüssigkeiten und damit auf eine hohe Korrosionsbeständigkeit an.It is also known from DE-PS 24 58 379 an aluminum bronze with the composition 3-12% Al, 3-6% Fe, 4-7% Ni, and 0.3-5% Si, the rest copper, which is the material for Pickle should serve. This alloy depends on the high resistance to aggressive liquids and thus high corrosion resistance.

Bei den Erläuterungen im Stand der Technik ist der Begriff Verschleißfestigkeit immer als geringer Materialabtrag aufgrund von Korrosion zu verstehen.In the explanations in the prior art, the term wear resistance is always to be understood as low material removal due to corrosion.

Aluminiumbronzen haben gegenüber sonstigen Kupferlegierungen z.B. Messingen den Vorteil, daß aufgrund des verwendeten Aluminiums eine Reduzierung des Teilegewichts möglich ist. Derartige Legierungen sind oxidationsbeständig aufgrund einer durch das Aluminium verursachten Schutzschicht. Aluminiumbronzen sind darüber hinaus hoch belastbare und verschleißfeste Gleitwerkstoffe, ihre hohe Festigkeit führt aufgrund der guten Gleiteigenschaften zu einer geringen Verschleißrate. Darüber hinaus sind Aluminiumbronzen gut schweißbar.Aluminum bronze has compared to other copper alloys e.g. Brass has the advantage that the part weight can be reduced due to the aluminum used. Such alloys are resistant to oxidation due to a protective layer caused by the aluminum. Aluminum bronzes are also highly resilient and wear-resistant sliding materials, their high strength leads to a low wear rate due to the good sliding properties. In addition, aluminum bronzes are easy to weld.

Es ist nun Aufgabe der Erfindung eine Aluminiumbronze zu schaffen, welche abweichend von den bekannten Aluminiumbronzen gleichzeitig eine hohe Beständigkeit gegen reibenden Verschleiß und einen hohen Reibungsbeiwert für den Einsatz bei Synchronringen besitzt.It is an object of the invention to provide an aluminum bronze which, in contrast to the known aluminum bronzes, also has high resistance to rubbing wear and a high coefficient of friction for use with synchronizer rings.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe schlägt die Erfindung eine Legierung vor aus 7,5 - 9,5% Al, 7 - 9,5% Fe, 7 - 11% Ni, 1,5 - 4% Si, Rest Kupfer und übliche Verunreinigungen bis insgesamt 1%. Alle Angaben erfolgen in Gewichtsprozent.To achieve this object, the invention proposes an alloy of 7.5-9.5% Al, 7-9.5% Fe, 7-11% Ni, 1.5-4% Si, the rest copper and usual impurities up to a total 1%. All information is given in percent by weight.

Wesentlich für die Erfindung ist das Vorhandensein von ausreichend Silizium in Verbindung mit hohen Eisen- und Nickelgehalten, wodurch es zu harten intermetallischen Phasen kommt, welche eine hohe Beständigkeit gegen reibenden Verschleiß besitzen.It is essential for the invention that there is sufficient silicon in combination with high iron and nickel contents, which leads to hard intermetallic phases which have a high resistance to rubbing wear.

Im Sinne der Erfindung stellt es eine vorteilhafte Weiterbildung dar, für die Legierung einen Gehalt von 8 - 9% Al, 8 - 9% Fe, 7- 10% Ni und 3 - 4% Si, Rest Kupfer und übliche Verunreinigungen bis insgesamt 1% vorzusehen. Mit einer Legierung dieser Zusammensetzung lassen sich Verschleißfestigkeitswerte erzielen, welche wesentlich höher liegen als die von bisher üblichen Messingwerkstoffen für Synchronringe. Darüber hinaus haben diese Legierungen einen Reibungsbeiwert, welcher höher liegt als die bei diesen bekannten Werkstoffen üblichen Werte. Die Erfindung bringt somit einen erheblichen Fortschritt gegenüber den bisher bei Synchronringen verwendeten Messingwerkstoffen bei etwa vergleichbaren Kosten.In the sense of the invention it represents an advantageous further development for the alloy a content of 8 - 9% Al, 8 - 9% Fe, 7 - 10% Ni and 3 - 4% Si, the rest copper and usual impurities up to a total of 1% provided. With an alloy of this composition, wear resistance values can be achieved, which are significantly higher than those of the brass materials used previously for synchronizer rings. In addition, these alloys have a coefficient of friction which is higher than the values customary for these known materials. The invention thus brings a considerable advance over the brass materials previously used in synchronizer rings at approximately comparable costs.

Zur Verbesserung der Zerspanbarkeit wird als Weiterbildung der vorgeschlagenen Aluminiumbronze ein Zusatz bis zu 0,5% Blei vorgeschlagen.To improve the machinability, an addition of up to 0.5% lead is proposed as a further development of the proposed aluminum bronze.

Es wurden beispielhaft drei nachfolgend erläuterte Legierungen hergestellt. Eine erste Legierung besitzt einen Gehalt von 69,9% Cu, 8,5% Al, 8,2% Fe, 9,4% Ni und 3,5% Si. Diese Legierung besitzt einen Verschleißwiderstand von 1280 km/g sowie einen Reibungsbeiwert von 0,125. Der angegebene Verschleißwiderstand ist definiert durch die Zahl der zurückgelegten Kilometer bis 1 g Materialabtrag am Synchronring erfolgt ist.Three alloys explained below were produced by way of example. A first alloy contains 69.9% Cu, 8.5% Al, 8.2% Fe, 9.4% Ni and 3.5% Si. This alloy has a wear resistance of 1280 km / g and a coefficient of friction of 0.125. The specified wear resistance is defined by the number of kilometers covered until 1 g of material has been removed from the synchronizer ring.

Die zweite Legierung weist einen Gehalt von 71,6% Cu, 7,9% Al, 8,5% Fe, 7,4% Ni und 3,5% Si auf. An den hieraus gestellten Synchronringen wurde ein Verschleißwiderstand von 1530 km/g und ein Reibungsbeiwert von 0,140 gemessen.The second alloy contains 71.6% Cu, 7.9% Al, 8.5% Fe, 7.4% Ni and 3.5% Si. A wear resistance of 1530 km / g and a coefficient of friction of 0.140 were measured on the synchronizer rings made from this.

Eine dritte Legierung weist einen Gehalt von 71,5 % Cu, 8,8 % Al, 6,0% Fe, 9,3 % Ni, 3,5% Si auf. Es wurde ein Verschleißwiderstand von 1320 km/g und ein Reibungsbeiwert von 0,115 festgestellt. Wie schon erwähnt, ist Silizium für die Bildung der harten verschleißfesten intermetallischen Phasen verantwortlich. Es soll kein freies Silizium in der Lösung vorhanden sondern durch Eisen und Nickel abgebunden sein. Eisen und Nickel begünstigen zudem die Aushärtungsvorgänge.A third alloy has a content of 71.5% Cu, 8.8% Al, 6.0% Fe, 9.3% Ni, 3.5% Si. A wear resistance of 1320 km / g and a coefficient of friction of 0.115 were determined. As already mentioned, silicon is responsible for the formation of the hard wear-resistant intermetallic phases. There should not be any free silicon in the solution, but should be bound by iron and nickel. Iron and nickel also promote the hardening process.

Die vorbeschriebenen Legierungen wurden bei einer Gießtemperatur von 1120 bis 1180° C im Strang gegossen; anschließend erfolgt ein Abkühlen an Luft, wobei die Abkühlgeschwindigkeit unkritisch ist. Nach erneutem Aufheizen erfolgt eine Warmumformung durch Strangpressen bei Temperaturen von 800 bis 900° C und eine erneute Abkühlung an Luft. Schließlich wurde nach erneutem Aufheizen bei Temperaturen von 790 bis 890° C im Gesenk geschmiedet und die Legierung anschließend an Luft abgekühlt.The alloys described above were cast at a casting temperature of 1120 to 1180 ° C; This is followed by cooling in air, the cooling rate not being critical. After heating again, hot forming is carried out by extrusion at temperatures of 800 to 900 ° C and cooling again in air. Finally, after re-heating at a temperature of 790 to 890 ° C, the die was drop-forged and the alloy was then cooled in air.

Aluminiumbronzen eignen sich im Gegensatz zu Messinglegierungen für eine Aushärtung zur Festigkeitssteigerung; wenn eine solche gewünscht ist, kann man nach dem Schmieden der Legierung alternativ wie folgt vorgehen.

  • a.) Es wird eine Homogenisierungsglühung bei 890° C während einer Stunde durchgeführt. Anschließend erfolgt ein Abschrecken, vorzugsweise im Wasser, und anschließend ein erneutes Anlassen bei einer Temperatur von 490° C während einer Zeit von 1 Stunde und zum Schluß ein Abkühlen an Luft.
  • b) Unmittelbar auf die Abkühlphase nach dem Schmieden wird unter Weglassung der Homogenisierungsglühung sofort eine Auslagerungsbehandlung von 330° C während 6 Stunden oder alternativ bei 410° C während 3 Stunden und anschließender Abkühlung an Luft durchgeführt. Bei diesem Aushärtungsverfahren sind die Härtesteigerungen nicht ganz so groß wie im Falle des vorbeschriebenen Verfahrens, aufgrund des Wegfalls der Homogenisierungsglühung ist dieses Verfahren jedoch kostengünstiger.
In contrast to brass alloys, aluminum bronzes are suitable for hardening to increase strength; if desired, one can alternatively proceed as follows after forging the alloy.
  • a.) Homogenization annealing is carried out at 890 ° C for one hour. This is followed by quenching, preferably in water, and then restarting at a temperature of 490 ° C. for 1 hour and finally cooling in air.
  • b) Immediately after the cooling phase after forging, with the omission of the homogenization annealing, an aging treatment of 330 ° C. for 6 hours or alternatively at 410 ° C. for 3 hours and subsequent cooling in air is carried out immediately. In this hardening process, the increases in hardness are not quite as great as in the case of the above-described process, but because of the elimination of the homogenization annealing, this process is less expensive.

Neben der Verringerung des Abtrags auf den Reibflächen der Synchronringe aufgrund des höheren Verschleißwiderstandes erfolgt auch aufgrund der höheren Festigkeit ein geringerer Verschleiß an den Sperrzähnen der Synchronringe.In addition to reducing the removal on the friction surfaces of the synchronizer rings due to the higher wear resistance, there is also less wear on the locking teeth of the synchronizer rings due to the higher strength.

Die Form der intermetallischen Phasen ist annähernd kugelig, was unter dem Aspekt der Zähigkeit und der Duktilität der Legierung vorteilhaft ist.The shape of the intermetallic phases is approximately spherical, which is advantageous in terms of the toughness and ductility of the alloy.

Claims (3)

Aluminiumbronze bestehend aus 7,5 - 9,5% Al, 7 - 9,5% Fe, 7 - 11% Ni, 1,5 - 4% Si, Rest Kupfer und übliche Verunreinigungen bis insgesamt 1%, mit hoher Beständigkeit gegen Verschleiß und hohem Reibungsbeiwert als Werkstoff für Synchronringe.Aluminum bronze consisting of 7.5 - 9.5% Al, 7 - 9.5% Fe, 7 - 11% Ni, 1.5 - 4% Si, the rest copper and usual impurities up to 1% in total, with high resistance to wear and high coefficient of friction as a material for synchronizer rings. Aluminiumbronze nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ihr Gehalt aus 8 - 9% Al, 8 - 9% Fe, 7 - 10% Ni und 3 - 4% Si, Rest Kupfer und übliche Verunreinigungen bis insgesamt 1% besteht.Aluminum bronze according to claim 1, characterized in that its content consists of 8 - 9% Al, 8 - 9% Fe, 7 - 10% Ni and 3 - 4% Si, the rest copper and usual impurities up to a total of 1%. Aluminiumbronze nach den Ansprüchen 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie bis 0,5% Pb enthält.Aluminum bronze according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains up to 0.5% Pb.
EP02016598A 2001-07-27 2002-07-25 Aluminum bronze with high wear resistance Withdrawn EP1279749A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10136788 2001-07-27
DE2001136788 DE10136788C2 (en) 2001-07-27 2001-07-27 aluminum Bronze

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EP1279749A1 true EP1279749A1 (en) 2003-01-29

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CN (1) CN1400326A (en)
BR (1) BR0202859A (en)
DE (1) DE10136788C2 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100516833C (en) * 2003-12-23 2009-07-22 中国印钞造币总公司 Albronze spectral standard sample and manufacturing method thereof
WO2020006205A1 (en) * 2018-06-29 2020-01-02 Oerlikon Metco (Us) Inc. Copper-based hardfacing alloy
US11939646B2 (en) 2018-10-26 2024-03-26 Oerlikon Metco (Us) Inc. Corrosion and wear resistant nickel based alloys

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007211325A (en) * 2006-02-13 2007-08-23 Sanbo Copper Alloy Co Ltd Raw material aluminum bronze alloy for casting half-melted alloy
CN101307419B (en) * 2008-05-29 2010-06-23 燕山大学 Grain refining method of aluminium bronze
US20110229367A1 (en) * 2010-03-17 2011-09-22 Shau-Kuan Chiu Copper nickel aluminum alloy
CN108480645B (en) * 2018-02-07 2021-04-02 东风商用车有限公司 Automobile synchronizer ring material and preparation method thereof

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DE2458379A1 (en) * 1974-10-21 1976-04-22 Voest Ag COPPER ALLOY WITH AN ALUMINUM, IRON AND SILICON CONTENT
DE2621602A1 (en) * 1975-05-16 1976-12-02 Hitachi Ltd ALUMINUM BRONZE WITH HIGH WEAR RESISTANCE
US4818307A (en) * 1986-12-19 1989-04-04 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Dispersion strengthened copper-base alloy
US5296057A (en) * 1991-09-20 1994-03-22 Hitachi, Ltd. High abrasion resistant aluminum bronze alloy, and sliding members using same
JPH0913133A (en) * 1995-06-29 1997-01-14 Hitachi Ltd Aluminum bronze and sliding member using the same
US5658401A (en) * 1993-11-18 1997-08-19 Diehl Gmbh & Co. Copper-zinc alloy

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DE19900385C2 (en) * 1999-01-08 2001-02-01 Man B & W Diesel As Kopenhagen Reciprocating machine
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DE2458379A1 (en) * 1974-10-21 1976-04-22 Voest Ag COPPER ALLOY WITH AN ALUMINUM, IRON AND SILICON CONTENT
DE2621602A1 (en) * 1975-05-16 1976-12-02 Hitachi Ltd ALUMINUM BRONZE WITH HIGH WEAR RESISTANCE
US4818307A (en) * 1986-12-19 1989-04-04 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Dispersion strengthened copper-base alloy
US5296057A (en) * 1991-09-20 1994-03-22 Hitachi, Ltd. High abrasion resistant aluminum bronze alloy, and sliding members using same
US5658401A (en) * 1993-11-18 1997-08-19 Diehl Gmbh & Co. Copper-zinc alloy
JPH0913133A (en) * 1995-06-29 1997-01-14 Hitachi Ltd Aluminum bronze and sliding member using the same

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100516833C (en) * 2003-12-23 2009-07-22 中国印钞造币总公司 Albronze spectral standard sample and manufacturing method thereof
WO2020006205A1 (en) * 2018-06-29 2020-01-02 Oerlikon Metco (Us) Inc. Copper-based hardfacing alloy
JP2021529668A (en) * 2018-06-29 2021-11-04 エリコン メテコ(ユーエス)インコーポレイテッド Copper-based hard facing alloy
US11939646B2 (en) 2018-10-26 2024-03-26 Oerlikon Metco (Us) Inc. Corrosion and wear resistant nickel based alloys

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CN1400326A (en) 2003-03-05
DE10136788A1 (en) 2003-02-13
DE10136788C2 (en) 2003-06-05
BR0202859A (en) 2003-05-20

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