EP1272258A1 - Agent and method for removing pollutants from gases - Google Patents

Agent and method for removing pollutants from gases

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Publication number
EP1272258A1
EP1272258A1 EP01919317A EP01919317A EP1272258A1 EP 1272258 A1 EP1272258 A1 EP 1272258A1 EP 01919317 A EP01919317 A EP 01919317A EP 01919317 A EP01919317 A EP 01919317A EP 1272258 A1 EP1272258 A1 EP 1272258A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wax
weight
carbon atoms
gases
alkoxylated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01919317A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Michael Bayer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Clariant Produkte Deutschland GmbH
Original Assignee
Clariant GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE10046015A external-priority patent/DE10046015A1/en
Priority claimed from DE2000155515 external-priority patent/DE10055515A1/en
Application filed by Clariant GmbH filed Critical Clariant GmbH
Publication of EP1272258A1 publication Critical patent/EP1272258A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
    • B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/20—Organic adsorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/10—Single element gases other than halogens
    • B01D2257/106—Ozone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B01D2257/702—Hydrocarbons
    • B01D2257/7022—Aliphatic hydrocarbons

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an agent and a method for removing pollutants from gases, comprising waxes which contain alkoxylated compounds.
  • the effectiveness of the filters described is very limited in time, so that a filter change must be carried out very early.
  • the adsorbents described are also only suitable for binding one of the pollutants mentioned.
  • the object was therefore to provide an agent which is suitable for gas purification and does not have the disadvantages mentioned.
  • waxes containing alkylene oxide adducts are particularly suitable as adsorbents for pollutants such as nicotine, formaldehyde and ozone from gases. It has also been found that these waxes, when mixed with alkylene oxide copolymers or with alcohols, are suitable for binding odorants from gases. It has also been found that adsorbers produced with the alkoxylated wax can be regenerated and the amount of adsorber waste is reduced.
  • the present invention thus relates to an agent for removing pollutants from gases, comprising a wax which has a dropping point between 40 and 150 ° C, a melt viscosity of 2 to 20,000 mPas, and a needle penetration number of 1 to 50, and which has at least one alkoxylated Connection contains.
  • the dropping point becomes the melt viscosity according to DIN 51801, edition 1980-12 according to DIN 53018-1 and -2, edition 1976-03 and the needle penetration number according to DIN 51579, edition 1965-05.
  • the present invention further relates to a wax containing a dropping point between 40 and 150'C, a melt viscosity of 2 to 20,000 mPas, and a needle penetration number of 1 to 50
  • the wax according to the invention contains 0.5 to 99.5% by weight, preferably 10 to 90% by weight, of a water-soluble
  • Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide adducts with a mono- or polyhydric alcohol with 1 to 40 carbon atoms or with water Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide adducts with a mono- or polyhydric alcohol with 1 to 40 carbon atoms or with water.
  • the wax according to the invention contains up to 30% by weight of alcohols which have 4 to 12 carbon atoms and 1, 2 or 3 OH groups.
  • the present invention further relates to a method for purifying gases from pollutants by adsorption by bringing the gases to be cleaned into contact with an agent or a wax with a composition as described above.
  • the pollutants are generally nicotine, combustion products of tobacco, ozone and formaldehyde.
  • the gas from which the pollutants are removed is preferably air.
  • the wax contained in the agent according to the invention preferably has a dropping point between 50 and 120 ° C., in particular 50 to 70 ° C. Its density is preferably between 0.98 and 1.22 g / cm 3 .
  • the wax contained in the agent according to the invention contains 0.5 to 99.5% by weight, preferably 10 to 90% by weight, of an alkoxylated montanic acid as the alkoxylated compound.
  • Such montanic acids preferably have a hydrocarbon chain of 20 to 40 carbon atoms, in particular of 24 to 34 carbon atoms.
  • the alkoxylated montanic acid preferably has an acid number of 3 to 200, in particular 5 to 100 mg KOH / g.
  • the alkoxylated montanic acid comprises between 10 and 800, in particular between 50 and 200, alkylene oxide units.
  • the wax contained in the agent according to the invention contains from 0.5 to 99.5% by weight, preferably 10 to 90% by weight, of an alkoxylate of a straight-chain or branched, mono- or polyhydric alcohol with 20 to 40 C- Atoms, preferably 24 to 34 carbon atoms chain length.
  • Such alcohol alkoxylates preferably comprise 1 to 700 alkoxy units, in particular 90 to 450 alkoxy units.
  • the wax contained in the agent according to the invention contains from 0.5 to 99.5% by weight, preferably 10 to 90% by weight, of a water-soluble ethylene oxide / propylene oxide adduct with a mono- or polyhydric alcohol with 1 to 40, especially 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
  • ethylene oxide-propylene oxide adducts preferably contain between 1 and 600, in particular 1 to 40, units of ethylene oxide and 1 and 150, in particular 1 to 10, units of propylene oxide.
  • the adduct can generally be prepared by polyaddition of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide onto suitable alcohols.
  • the adduct can be present as a random or block copolymer.
  • the preferred EO-PO adduct has a molecular weight of 500-30,000, preferably 1000 to 25,000 g / mol.
  • Examples of such preferred embodiments are ethylene oxide Propylene oxide adducts of the formula RO-CH 2 -CJ2-0 ([CH 3 ] -C 2 H 4 -0) m - (CH 2 -CH 2 -0) k -H or RO - ([CH 3 3-C 2 H 4 ) m- (CH 2 -CH 2 .O) k -H, where R is dC ⁇ alkyl, m is a number from 1 to 150 and k is a number from 1 to 600.
  • Preferred alcohols for the alkoxylation are those with 1 to 4 OH groups, such as, for example, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, glycerol or pentaerythritol.
  • ethylene oxide-propylene oxide adducts are those which instead of polyaddition to an alcohol by polyaddition of ethylene oxide and
  • Propylene oxide can be produced in water. They generally correspond to the formula HO - ([CH 3 ] -C2H4-0) m- (CH 2 -CH2-0) icH, which may be random or block copolymers, and m and k have the meanings given above ,
  • the preferred EO-PO adduct has a molecular weight of 500-30,000, preferably 1000 to 25,000 g / mol.
  • an alkoxylated alcohol which is alkoxylated with mixed alkoxy groups and an ethylene oxide / propylene oxide adduct are simultaneously used according to the invention, it is preferred that these are different substances.
  • the wax contained in the agent according to the invention can contain up to 30% by weight of alcohols which have 4 to 12 carbon atoms and 1, 2 or 3 OH groups.
  • the alcohol is in water, acetone or other alcohols such as e.g. Isopropanol or ethanol soluble. It is preferably bivalent or trivalent. Particularly preferred alcohols according to the invention are sugar alcohols, glycerol, pentaerythritol, mannitol, sorbitol or xylitol.
  • alkylene oxide here means ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or butylene oxide. It particularly preferably stands for ethylene oxide.
  • the agent according to the invention is preferably used on fiber substrates (textiles, paper) or film substrates (plastic or metal).
  • 1st bed the constituents of the alkoxylated wax are processed at approx. 100 to 150 ° C with stirring to a homogeneous melt.
  • This melt is produced using a granulation process, e.g. Drip granulation, dropped onto a steel belt and processed into lozenges with a diameter of 1 - 5 mm. Mechanical comminution using a cutting or impact mill to the desired grain size is also possible.
  • Molded part the wax from method 1 is shaped into a honeycomb body using an extruder or an injection molding machine. It is also possible to manufacture tubes with a clear width of 1 - 10 mm, which are combined into bundled modules.
  • Coating the wax mixture according to the invention from method 1 is applied as a melt or in dissolved form to a textile, film or paper substrate.
  • Example 1 60 parts by weight of an ethoxylated C 2 8-C3 2 -montanoic acid with 150 mol EO, with a dropping point of 60 ° C., an acid number of 5 mg KOH / g and a saponification number of 12 mg KOH / g were mixed with 20 parts by weight of a pentaerythritol-started EO-PO adduct with a molecular weight of 4000 g / mol and an EO: PO ratio of 4: 1, and 10 parts by weight of sorbitol were mixed homogeneously at 120 ° C. and then added Pastilles with a grain size of 3 - 5 mm.
  • the solution was then applied to an air-permeable polyamide nonwoven with a thickness of 20 mm and a basis weight of 500 g / m 2 using a padder system. After the aqueous coated substrate had dried, the covering of the nonwoven was 200 g / m 2 .
  • a conical adsorber was produced from the fleece thus obtained, which was then installed in a gas cleaning device with ventilation. With air pollution from tobacco smoke with 20 mg / m 3 nicotine and 10 mg / m 3 formaldehyde and a flow rate of 0.1 m / s, 68% of the pollutants mentioned could be adsorbed. The adsorber was removed after about 60 hours of service life, strongly discolored due to tar components. A subjective improvement in air quality was observed during the entire period of use of the adsorber.
  • Example 3 40 parts by weight of an ethoxylated C 28 -C 32 -montanoic acid with 130 mol EO, with a dropping point of 58 ° C., an acid number of 5 mg KOH / g and a saponification number of 10 mg KOH / g were mixed with 60 Parts by weight of an EO adduct (polyethylene glycol) with a molecular weight of 20,000 g / mol (PEG 20000) mixed in the melt and then extruded into tubes with a clear width of 3 mm and a wall thickness of 1 mm. The length of the individual tubes was 200 mm.
  • an EO adduct polyethylene glycol
  • PEG 20000 molecular weight of 20,000 g / mol
  • the tubes were combined into a round module of 100 tubes and installed in a gas cleaning device.
  • the one with 20 mg / m 3 Air loaded with nicotine was now passed through the described arrangement at a speed of 0.1 m / s.
  • the measured nicotine concentration in the air was 10 mg / m 3 at the outlet of the adsorber.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Polyethers (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an agent for removing pollutants from gases, comprising a wax which has a dripping point of between 40 and 150 DEG C, a melt viscosity of 2 to 20.000 mPas and a needle penetration value of 1 to 50, and which contains at least one alkoxylated compound.

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Mittel und Verfahren zur Entfernung von Schadstoffen aus GasenMeans and methods for removing pollutants from gases
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Mittel und ein Verfahren zur Entfernung von Schadstoffen aus Gasen, umfassend Wachse, die alkoxylierte Verbindungen enthalten.The present invention relates to an agent and a method for removing pollutants from gases, comprising waxes which contain alkoxylated compounds.
In geschlossenen Räumen kann die Beladung der Luft mit Nicotin und flüchtigen Verbrennungsprodukten infolge von Tabakkonsum so hoch sein, dass eine gesundheitliche Schädigung von im Raum befindlichen Personen auf längere Sicht nicht ausgeschlossen werden kann.In closed rooms, air pollution with nicotine and volatile combustion products as a result of tobacco consumption can be so high that long-term damage to the health of people in the room cannot be excluded.
Eine andere Gesundheitsgefahr entsteht bei sommerlichen Wetterbedingungen besonders im städtischen Bereich, wo durch eine vergleichsweise hohe Stickoxid- Konzentration die Ozonkonzentration so hoch werden kann, dass Fahrverbote für KFZ ausgesprochen werden müssen, und Menschen durch das Ozon entsprechende Probleme erleiden.Another health hazard arises in summer weather conditions, especially in urban areas, where a comparatively high nitrogen oxide concentration can cause the ozone concentration to become so high that driving bans must be pronounced for vehicles and people suffer corresponding problems from the ozone.
Um Schadstoffe aus Gasen zu entfernen werden chemisch oder physikalisch arbeitende Filtersysteme hergestellt, die sowohl im Gebäudeklimabereich, aber auch zur Klimatisierung von Personenzellen moderner Verkehrsmittel (Busse, Bahnen, LKW, PKW, Flugzeuge) verwendet werden.In order to remove pollutants from gases, chemically or physically working filter systems are produced, which are used both in the building climate area, but also for the air conditioning of passenger cells of modern means of transport (buses, trains, trucks, cars, airplanes).
Stand der Technik ist nach US-4 339 250 das Entfernen von Partikeln mittels elektrostatisch arbeitender Hochspannungszellen. Nicotin und Geruchsstoffe werden auf Aktivkohleoberflächen gebunden. Auf den Oberflächen von wasserlöslichen Salzen, die sich auf Zellulosefasern befinden, ist die Bindung von Nicotin gemäß US-4 896 683 ebenfalls möglich. Die Beseitigung von Gerüchen mit Hilfe von Duftstoffen, die aus geeigneten Geräten freigegeben werden, ist in US-5 087 273 offenbart.According to US Pat. No. 4,339,250, the prior art is the removal of particles by means of electrostatically operating high-voltage cells. Nicotine and odorants are bound on activated carbon surfaces. The binding of nicotine according to US Pat. No. 4,896,683 is also possible on the surfaces of water-soluble salts which are located on cellulose fibers. The elimination of odors with the aid of fragrances released from suitable devices is disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,087,273.
Die Entfernung von Ozon aus der Luft mittels auf einem Substrat befindlichen Manganoxids oder Ceroxids, das aus löslichen Mangan- oder Cersalzen hergestellt wurde, wird in US-4200609 vorgeschlagen.The removal of ozone from the air by means of manganese oxide or cerium oxide on a substrate, which was produced from soluble manganese or cerium salts, is proposed in US Pat. No. 4,200,609.
Es hat sich jedoch gezeigt, dass die genannten Filter nach einmaliger Verwendung nicht mehr regeneriert werden können, sondern als Müll entsorgt werden müssen.However, it has been shown that the filters mentioned can no longer be regenerated after a single use, but must be disposed of as waste.
Weiter ist die Wirksamkeit der beschriebenen Filter zeitlich sehr begrenzt, so dass sehr früh ein Filterwechsel vorgenommen werden muss. Die beschriebenen Adsorbentien sind darüber hinaus nur für die Bindung jeweils eines der genannten Schadstoffe geeignet.Furthermore, the effectiveness of the filters described is very limited in time, so that a filter change must be carried out very early. The adsorbents described are also only suitable for binding one of the pollutants mentioned.
Es bestand daher die Aufgabe, ein Mittel bereitzustellen, dass zur Gasreinigung geeignet ist, und die genannten Nachteile nicht aufweist.The object was therefore to provide an agent which is suitable for gas purification and does not have the disadvantages mentioned.
Überraschenderweise wurde gefunden, dass sich Wachse, die Alkylenoxidaddukte enthalten, besonders gut als Adsorbens für Schadstoffe wie Nikotin, Formaldehyd und Ozon aus Gasen eignen. Es wurde außerdem gefunden, diese Wachse in Abmischung mit Alkylenoxidcopolymeren oder auch mit Alkoholen geeignet sind, Geruchsstoffe aus Gasen zu binden. Es wurde außerdem gefunden, dass sich mit dem alkoxylierten Wachs hergestellte Adsorber regenerieren lassen und die Menge an Adsorber-Abfall reduziert wird.Surprisingly, it was found that waxes containing alkylene oxide adducts are particularly suitable as adsorbents for pollutants such as nicotine, formaldehyde and ozone from gases. It has also been found that these waxes, when mixed with alkylene oxide copolymers or with alcohols, are suitable for binding odorants from gases. It has also been found that adsorbers produced with the alkoxylated wax can be regenerated and the amount of adsorber waste is reduced.
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft somit ein Mittel zur Entfernung von Schadstoffen aus Gasen, umfassend ein Wachs, welches einen Tropfpunkt zwischen 40 und 150°C, eine Schmeizviskosität von 2 bis 20.000 mPas, und eine Nadelpenetrationszahl von 1 bis 50 aufweist, und das wenigstens eine alkoxylierte Verbindung enthält.The present invention thus relates to an agent for removing pollutants from gases, comprising a wax which has a dropping point between 40 and 150 ° C, a melt viscosity of 2 to 20,000 mPas, and a needle penetration number of 1 to 50, and which has at least one alkoxylated Connection contains.
Der Tropfpunkt wird nach DIN 51801, Ausgabe 1980-12, die Schmelzviskosität nach DIN 53018-1 und -2, Ausgabe 1976-03 und die Nadelpenetrationszahl nach DIN 51579, Ausgabe 1965-05 bestimmt.The dropping point becomes the melt viscosity according to DIN 51801, edition 1980-12 according to DIN 53018-1 and -2, edition 1976-03 and the needle penetration number according to DIN 51579, edition 1965-05.
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Wachs weiches einen Tropfpunkt zwischen 40 und 150'C, eine Schmelzviskosität von 2 bis 20.000 mPas, und eine Nadelpenetrationszahl von 1 bis 50 aufweist, enthaltendThe present invention further relates to a wax containing a dropping point between 40 and 150'C, a melt viscosity of 2 to 20,000 mPas, and a needle penetration number of 1 to 50
a) 0,5 bis 99,5 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 10 bis 90 Gew.-% einer alkoxylierten Montansäure, b) 0,5 bis 99,5 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 10 bis 90 Gew.-% eines Alkoxylats eines geradkettigen oder verzweigten, ein- oder mehrwertigen Alkohols mit 20 bis 40 C-Atomen.a) 0.5 to 99.5% by weight, preferably 10 to 90% by weight of an alkoxylated montanic acid, b) 0.5 to 99.5% by weight, preferably 10 to 90% by weight of an alkoxylate a straight-chain or branched, mono- or polyhydric alcohol with 20 to 40 carbon atoms.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthält das erfindungsgemäße Wachs 0,5 bis 99,5 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 10 bis 90 Gew.-% eines wasserlöslichenIn a preferred embodiment, the wax according to the invention contains 0.5 to 99.5% by weight, preferably 10 to 90% by weight, of a water-soluble
Ethylenoxid-Propylenoxid-Addukts an einen ein- oder mehrwertigen Alkohol mit 1 bis 40 Kohlenstoffatomen oder an Wasser.Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide adducts with a mono- or polyhydric alcohol with 1 to 40 carbon atoms or with water.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthält das erfindungsgemäße Wachs bis zu 30 Gew.-% Alkohole, die 4 bis 12 C-Atome und 1 , 2 oder 3 OH- Gruppen aufweisen.In a further preferred embodiment, the wax according to the invention contains up to 30% by weight of alcohols which have 4 to 12 carbon atoms and 1, 2 or 3 OH groups.
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zur Reinigung von Gasen von Schadstoffen durch Adsorption, indem die zu reinigenden Gase mit einem Mittel oder einem Wachs, mit einer Zusammensetzung wie oben beschrieben, in Kontakt gebracht werden.The present invention further relates to a method for purifying gases from pollutants by adsorption by bringing the gases to be cleaned into contact with an agent or a wax with a composition as described above.
Bei den Schadstoffen handelt es sich im allgemeinen um Nicotin, Verbrennungsprodukte von Tabak, Ozon und Formaldehyd. Das Gas, aus dem die Schadstoffe entfernt werden, ist vorzugsweise Luft.The pollutants are generally nicotine, combustion products of tobacco, ozone and formaldehyde. The gas from which the pollutants are removed is preferably air.
Das im erfindungsgemäßen Mittel enthaltene Wachs hat vorzugsweise einen Tropfpunkt zwischen 50 und 120°C, insbesondere 50 bis 70°C. Seine Dichte liegt vorzugsweise zwischen 0,98 und 1 ,22 g/cm3. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthält das im erfindungsgemäßen Mittel enthaltene Wachs 0,5 bis 99,5 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 10 bis 90 Gew.-% einer alkoxylierten Montansäure als alkoxylierte Verbindung. Bevorzugt weisen solche Montansäuren eine Kohlenwasserstoffkette von 20 bis 40 C-Atomen, insbesondere von 24 bis 34 C-Atomen auf. Die alkoxylierte Montansäure zeigt vorzugsweise eine Säurezahl von 3 bis 200, insbesondere von 5 bis 100 mg KOH/g. Sie zeigt vorzugsweise eine Verseifungszahl von kleiner 50, insbesondere von 1 bis 15 mg KOH/g. Die alkoxylierte Montansäure umfasst in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform zwischen 10 und 800, insbesondere zwischen 50 und 200 Alkylenoxideinheiten.The wax contained in the agent according to the invention preferably has a dropping point between 50 and 120 ° C., in particular 50 to 70 ° C. Its density is preferably between 0.98 and 1.22 g / cm 3 . In a preferred embodiment, the wax contained in the agent according to the invention contains 0.5 to 99.5% by weight, preferably 10 to 90% by weight, of an alkoxylated montanic acid as the alkoxylated compound. Such montanic acids preferably have a hydrocarbon chain of 20 to 40 carbon atoms, in particular of 24 to 34 carbon atoms. The alkoxylated montanic acid preferably has an acid number of 3 to 200, in particular 5 to 100 mg KOH / g. It preferably shows a saponification number of less than 50, in particular from 1 to 15 mg KOH / g. In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated montanic acid comprises between 10 and 800, in particular between 50 and 200, alkylene oxide units.
In einerweiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthält das im erfindungsgemäßen Mittel enthaltene Wachs von 0,5 bis 99,5 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 10 bis 90 Gew.-% eines Alkoxylats eines geradkettigen oder verzweigten, ein- oder mehrwertigen Alkohols mit 20 bis 40 C-Atomen, vorzugsweise 24 bis 34 C-Atomen Kettenlänge. Solche Alkohol-Alkoxylate umfassen vorzugsweise 1 bis 700 Alkoxyeinheiten, insbesondere 90 bis 450 Alkoxyeinheiten.In a further preferred embodiment, the wax contained in the agent according to the invention contains from 0.5 to 99.5% by weight, preferably 10 to 90% by weight, of an alkoxylate of a straight-chain or branched, mono- or polyhydric alcohol with 20 to 40 C- Atoms, preferably 24 to 34 carbon atoms chain length. Such alcohol alkoxylates preferably comprise 1 to 700 alkoxy units, in particular 90 to 450 alkoxy units.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthält das im erfindungsgemäßen Mittel enthaltene Wachs von 0,5 bis 99,5 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 10 bis 90 Gew.-% eines wasserlöslichen Ethylenoxid-Propylenoxid- Addukts an einen ein- oder mehrwertigen Alkohol mit 1 bis 40, insbesondere 1 bis 5 Kohlenstoffatomen. Solche Ethylenoxid-Propylenoxid-Addukte enthalten vorzugsweise zwischen 1 und 600, insbesondere 1 bis 40 Einheiten Ethylenoxid und 1 und 150, insbesondere 1 bis 10 Einheiten Propylenoxid. Das molare Verhältnis zwischen EO und PO liegt im allgemeinen zwischen EO:PO = 1:1 bis 4:1. Das Addukt ist im allgemeinen durch Polyaddition von Ethylenoxid und Propylenoxid an geeignete Alkohole herstellbar. Das Addukt kann als random- oder Blockcopolymer vorliegen. Das bevorzugte EO-PO-Addukt hat ein Molgewicht von 500-30.000, vorzugsweise 1000 bis 25.000 g/mol.In a further preferred embodiment, the wax contained in the agent according to the invention contains from 0.5 to 99.5% by weight, preferably 10 to 90% by weight, of a water-soluble ethylene oxide / propylene oxide adduct with a mono- or polyhydric alcohol with 1 to 40, especially 1 to 5 carbon atoms. Such ethylene oxide-propylene oxide adducts preferably contain between 1 and 600, in particular 1 to 40, units of ethylene oxide and 1 and 150, in particular 1 to 10, units of propylene oxide. The molar ratio between EO and PO is generally between EO: PO = 1: 1 to 4: 1. The adduct can generally be prepared by polyaddition of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide onto suitable alcohols. The adduct can be present as a random or block copolymer. The preferred EO-PO adduct has a molecular weight of 500-30,000, preferably 1000 to 25,000 g / mol.
Beispiele für solche bevorzugten Ausführungsformen sind Ethylenoxid- Propylenoxidaddukte der Formel R-O-CH2-CJ2-0([CH3]-C2H4-0)m-(CH2-CH2-0)k-H oder R-O-([CH33-C2H4)m-(CH2-CH2.O)k-H, worin R für d-C^-Alkyl, m für eine Zahl von 1 bis 150 und k für eine Zahl von 1 bis 600 steht.Examples of such preferred embodiments are ethylene oxide Propylene oxide adducts of the formula RO-CH 2 -CJ2-0 ([CH 3 ] -C 2 H 4 -0) m - (CH 2 -CH 2 -0) k -H or RO - ([CH 3 3-C 2 H 4 ) m- (CH 2 -CH 2 .O) k -H, where R is dC ^ alkyl, m is a number from 1 to 150 and k is a number from 1 to 600.
Bevorzugte Alkohole für die Alkoxylierung sind solche mit 1 bis 4 OH-Gruppen, wie beispielsweise Methanol, Ethanol, Propanol, Butanol, Glycerin oder Pentaerythrit.Preferred alcohols for the alkoxylation are those with 1 to 4 OH groups, such as, for example, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, glycerol or pentaerythritol.
Weitere bevorzugte Ethylenoxid-Propylenoxidaddukte sind solche, die statt von Polyaddition an einen Alkohol durch Polyaddition von Ethylenoxid undFurther preferred ethylene oxide-propylene oxide adducts are those which instead of polyaddition to an alcohol by polyaddition of ethylene oxide and
Propylenoxid an Wasser herstellbar sind. Sie entsprechen im allgemeinen der Formel HO-([CH3]-C2H4-0)m-(CH2-CH2-0)icH, wobei es sich um random- oder Blockcopolymere handeln kann, und m und k die oben angegebenen Bedeutungen haben. Das bevorzugte EO-PO-Addukt hat ein Molgewicht von 500-30.000, vorzugsweise 1000 bis 25.000 g/mol.Propylene oxide can be produced in water. They generally correspond to the formula HO - ([CH 3 ] -C2H4-0) m- (CH 2 -CH2-0) icH, which may be random or block copolymers, and m and k have the meanings given above , The preferred EO-PO adduct has a molecular weight of 500-30,000, preferably 1000 to 25,000 g / mol.
Werden gleichzeitig ein alkoxylierter Alkohol, welcher mit gemischten Alkoxygruppen alkoxyliert ist, und ein Ethylenoxid-Propylenoxid-Addukt erfindungsgemäß verwendet, so ist es bevorzugt, dass es sich dabei um verschiedene Stoffe handelt.If an alkoxylated alcohol which is alkoxylated with mixed alkoxy groups and an ethylene oxide / propylene oxide adduct are simultaneously used according to the invention, it is preferred that these are different substances.
Das im erfindungsgemäßen Mittel enthaltene Wachs kann neben alkoxylierten Verbindungen bis zu 30 Gew.-% Alkohole enthalten, die 4 bis 12 CAtome und 1 , 2 oder 3 OH-Gruppen aufweisen.In addition to alkoxylated compounds, the wax contained in the agent according to the invention can contain up to 30% by weight of alcohols which have 4 to 12 carbon atoms and 1, 2 or 3 OH groups.
Der Alkohol ist in Wasser, Aceton oder anderen Alkoholen wie z.B. Isopropanol oder Ethanol löslich. Er ist vorzugsweise zwei- oder dreiwertig. Besonders bevorzugte erfindungsgemäße Alkohole sind Zuckeralkohole, Glycerin, Pentaerythrit, Mannit, Sorbit oder Xylit.The alcohol is in water, acetone or other alcohols such as e.g. Isopropanol or ethanol soluble. It is preferably bivalent or trivalent. Particularly preferred alcohols according to the invention are sugar alcohols, glycerol, pentaerythritol, mannitol, sorbitol or xylitol.
Der Begriff Alkylenoxid bedeutet hier Ethylenoxid, Propylenoxid oder Butylenoxid. Besonders bevorzugt steht er für Ethylenoxid. Vorzugsweise erfolgt die Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Mittels auf Fasersubstraten (Textilien, Papier) oder Foliensubstraten (Kunststoff oder Metall).The term alkylene oxide here means ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or butylene oxide. It particularly preferably stands for ethylene oxide. The agent according to the invention is preferably used on fiber substrates (textiles, paper) or film substrates (plastic or metal).
Die Verarbeitung des erfindungsgemäßen Mittels zu Produkten, die in der Gasreinigungstechnik verwendbar sind, ist nach folgenden bevorzugten Verfahren 5 möglich.The processing of the agent according to the invention into products which can be used in gas cleaning technology is possible by the following preferred methods 5.
1. Schüttung: die Bestandteile des alkoxylierten Wachses werden bei ca. 100 bis 150°C unter Rühren zu einer homogenen Schmelze verarbeitet. Diese Schmelze wird mittels eines Granulieπterfahrens, z.B. Tropfgranulation, auf ein Stahlband getropft und so zu Pastillen mit einem Durchmesser von 1 - 5 mm verarbeitet. Ebenso ist die mechanische Zerkleinerung mittels Schneid- oder Prallmühle auf die gewünschte Korngröße möglich.1st bed: the constituents of the alkoxylated wax are processed at approx. 100 to 150 ° C with stirring to a homogeneous melt. This melt is produced using a granulation process, e.g. Drip granulation, dropped onto a steel belt and processed into lozenges with a diameter of 1 - 5 mm. Mechanical comminution using a cutting or impact mill to the desired grain size is also possible.
2. Formteil: das Wachs aus Methode 1 wird mit einem Extruder oder einer Spritzgießmaschine zu einem Wabenkörper geformt. Ebenso ist die Herstellung Röhren mit einer lichten Weite von 1 - 10 mm, die zu gebündelten Modulen zusammengefasst werden, möglich.2. Molded part: the wax from method 1 is shaped into a honeycomb body using an extruder or an injection molding machine. It is also possible to manufacture tubes with a clear width of 1 - 10 mm, which are combined into bundled modules.
3. Beschichtung: das erfindungsgemäße Wachsgemisch aus Methode 1 wird als Schmelze oder in gelöster Form auf ein Textil-, Folien- oder Papiersubstrate aufgebracht.3. Coating: the wax mixture according to the invention from method 1 is applied as a melt or in dissolved form to a textile, film or paper substrate.
Beispiel 1 : 60 Gew.-Teile einer ethoxylierten C28-C32-Montansäure mit 150 Mol EO, mit einem Tropfpunkt von 60°C, einer Säurezahl von 5 mg KOH/g und einer Verseifungszahl von 12 mg KOH/g wurden mit 20 Gew.-Teilen eines Pentaerythrit-gestarteten EO-PO-Adduktes mit einem Molekulargewicht von 4000 g/mol und einem EO:PO-Verhältnis von 4:1, und 10 Gew.-Teilen Sorbit bei 120°C homogen gemischt und dann zu Pastillen der Korngröße 3 - 5 mm konfektioniert. Das so erhaltene Granulat wurde in eine nach oben und unten durch ein Siebgewebe mit 1 mm Maschenweite begrenzte Zylinderform mit d = 100 und 1 = 200 mm gegeben und verschlossen. Dann wurde die Zylinderform in einen Luftstrom eingebaut. Die Luft wurde mit einer Nicotinmenge von 60 mg/m3 beladen und mit 0,1 m/s durch die Zylinderform geleitet. Der Nicotinanteil in der gefilterten Luft betrug 30 mg/m3.Example 1: 60 parts by weight of an ethoxylated C 2 8-C3 2 -montanoic acid with 150 mol EO, with a dropping point of 60 ° C., an acid number of 5 mg KOH / g and a saponification number of 12 mg KOH / g were mixed with 20 parts by weight of a pentaerythritol-started EO-PO adduct with a molecular weight of 4000 g / mol and an EO: PO ratio of 4: 1, and 10 parts by weight of sorbitol were mixed homogeneously at 120 ° C. and then added Pastilles with a grain size of 3 - 5 mm. The granules thus obtained were placed in a cylindrical shape with d = 100 and 1 = 200 mm, which was delimited at the top and bottom by a sieve fabric with a mesh size of 1 mm and sealed. Then the Cylindrical shape built into an airflow. The air was loaded with an amount of nicotine of 60 mg / m 3 and passed through the cylinder shape at 0.1 m / s. The nicotine content in the filtered air was 30 mg / m 3 .
Beispiel 2:Example 2:
60 Gew.-Teile einer ethoxylierten C28-C32-Montansäure mit 140 Mol EO, mit einem Tropfpunkt von 60°C, einer Säurezahl von 5 mg KOH/g und einer Verseifungszahl von 10 mg KOH/g wurden mit 20 Gew.-Teilen eines EO- Adduktes (Polyethylenglykol) mit einem Molekulargewicht von 10000 g/mol (PEG 10000) homogen bei 120°C in Schmelze gemischt und nach Erkalten in Wasser gelöst. Die Konzentration der Lösung betrug 60 %. Die Lösung wurde nun mit Hilfe einer Foulard-Anlage auf ein luftdurchlässiges Polyamidvlies der Dicke 20 mm mit einem Flächengewicht von 500 g/m2 aufgetragen. Die Belegung des Vlieses betrug nach Trocknung des wässrig beschichteten Substrates 200 g/m2. Aus dem so erhaltenen Vlies wurde eine konischer Adsorber hergestellt, der dann in ein Gasreinigungsgerät mit Ventilation eingebaut wurde. Bei einer Luftbeladung durch Tabakqualm mit 20 mg/m3 Nikotin und 10 mg/m3 Formaldehyd und einer Durchflussgeschwindigkeit von 0,1 m/s konnten 68 % der genannten Schadstoffe adsorbiert werden. Der Adsorber wurde nach ca. 60 Stunden Standzeit, durch Teerbestandteile stark verfärbt, entnommen. Während der gesamten Nutzungszeit des Adsorbers wurde eine subjektive Verbesserung der Luftqualität festgestellt.60 parts by weight of an ethoxylated C 28 -C 32 -montanoic acid with 140 mol EO, with a dropping point of 60 ° C., an acid number of 5 mg KOH / g and a saponification number of 10 mg KOH / g were mixed with 20 parts by weight. Parts of an EO adduct (polyethylene glycol) with a molecular weight of 10000 g / mol (PEG 10000) mixed homogeneously in the melt at 120 ° C. and dissolved in water after cooling. The concentration of the solution was 60%. The solution was then applied to an air-permeable polyamide nonwoven with a thickness of 20 mm and a basis weight of 500 g / m 2 using a padder system. After the aqueous coated substrate had dried, the covering of the nonwoven was 200 g / m 2 . A conical adsorber was produced from the fleece thus obtained, which was then installed in a gas cleaning device with ventilation. With air pollution from tobacco smoke with 20 mg / m 3 nicotine and 10 mg / m 3 formaldehyde and a flow rate of 0.1 m / s, 68% of the pollutants mentioned could be adsorbed. The adsorber was removed after about 60 hours of service life, strongly discolored due to tar components. A subjective improvement in air quality was observed during the entire period of use of the adsorber.
Beispiel 3: 40 Gew.-Teile einer ethoxylierten C28-C32-Montansäure mit 130 Mol EO, mit einem Tropfpunkt von 58°C, einer Säurezahl von 5 mg KOH/g und einer Verseifungszahl von 10 mg KOH/g wurden mit 60 Gew.-Teilen eines EO- Adduktes (Polyethylenglykol) mit einem Molgewicht von 20000 g/mol (PEG 20000) in Schmelze gemischt und anschließend zu Röhrchen der lichten Weite 3 mm und Wandstärke 1 mm extrudiert. Die Länge der einzelnen Röhrchen betrug 200 mm.Example 3: 40 parts by weight of an ethoxylated C 28 -C 32 -montanoic acid with 130 mol EO, with a dropping point of 58 ° C., an acid number of 5 mg KOH / g and a saponification number of 10 mg KOH / g were mixed with 60 Parts by weight of an EO adduct (polyethylene glycol) with a molecular weight of 20,000 g / mol (PEG 20000) mixed in the melt and then extruded into tubes with a clear width of 3 mm and a wall thickness of 1 mm. The length of the individual tubes was 200 mm.
Die Röhrchen wurden zu einem runden Modul zu 100 Röhrchen zusammengefasst und in ein Gasreinigungsgerät eingebaut. Die mit 20 mg/m3 Nicotin beladene Luft wurde nun mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 0,1 m/s durch die beschriebene Anordnung geleitet. Die gemessene Nicotinkonzentration in der Luft betrug am Ausgang des Adsorbers 10 mg/m3. The tubes were combined into a round module of 100 tubes and installed in a gas cleaning device. The one with 20 mg / m 3 Air loaded with nicotine was now passed through the described arrangement at a speed of 0.1 m / s. The measured nicotine concentration in the air was 10 mg / m 3 at the outlet of the adsorber.

Claims

Patentansprüche: claims:
1. Mittel zur Entfernung von Schadstoffen aus Gasen, umfassend ein Wachs, welches einen Tropfpunkt zwischen 40 und 150°C, eine Schmeizviskosität von 2 bis 20.000 mPas, und eine Nadelpenetrationszahl von 1 bis 50 aufweist, und das wenigstens eine alkoxylierte Verbindung enthält.1. Means for removing pollutants from gases, comprising a wax which has a dropping point between 40 and 150 ° C, a melt viscosity of 2 to 20,000 mPas, and a needle penetration number of 1 to 50, and which contains at least one alkoxylated compound.
2. Mittel gemäß Anspruch 1 , wobei es sich bei den Schadstoffen um Nicotin, Verbrennungsprodukte von Tabak, Ozon oder Formaldehyd handelt.2. Composition according to claim 1, wherein the pollutants are nicotine, combustion products of tobacco, ozone or formaldehyde.
3. Mittel gemäß Anspruch 1 und/oder 2, wobei das Wachs 0,5 bis3. Composition according to claim 1 and / or 2, wherein the wax 0.5 to
99,5 Gew.-% einer alkoxylierten Montansäure als alkoxylierte Verbindung enthält.Contains 99.5% by weight of an alkoxylated montanic acid as the alkoxylated compound.
4. Mittel gemäß einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei das Wachs von 0,5 bis 99,5 Gew.-% eines Alkoxylats eines geradkettigen oder verzweigten, ein- oder mehrwertigen Alkohols mit 20 bis 40 C-Atomen enthält.4. Composition according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, wherein the wax contains 0.5 to 99.5 wt .-% of an alkoxylate of a straight-chain or branched, mono- or polyhydric alcohol having 20 to 40 carbon atoms.
5. Mittel gemäß einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei das Wachs von 0,5 bis 99,5 Gew.-% eines wasserlöslichen Ethylenoxid-Propylenoxid- Addukts an einen ein- oder mehrwertigen Alkohol mit 1 bis 40 Kohlenstoffatomen enthält.5. Composition according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, wherein the wax contains from 0.5 to 99.5 wt .-% of a water-soluble ethylene oxide-propylene oxide adduct to a mono- or polyhydric alcohol having 1 to 40 carbon atoms.
6. Mittel gemäß einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei das Wachs bis zu 30 Gew.-% Alkohole enthält, die 4 bis 12 C-Atome und 1, 2 oder 3 OH-Gruppen aufweisen.6. Composition according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, wherein the wax contains up to 30 wt .-% alcohols which have 4 to 12 carbon atoms and 1, 2 or 3 OH groups.
7. Wachs welches einen Tropfpunkt zwischen 40 und 150°C, eine Schmelzviskosität von 2 bis 20.000 mPas, und eine Nadelpenetrationszahl von 1 bis 50 aufweist, enthaltend7. Wax which has a dropping point between 40 and 150 ° C., a melt viscosity of 2 to 20,000 mPas, and a needle penetration number of 1 to 50
a) 0,5 bis 99,5 Gew.-% einer alkoxylierten Montansäure, und b) 0,5 bis 99,5 Gew.-% eines Alkoxylats eines geradkettigen oder verzweigten, ein- oder mehrwertigen Alkohols mit 20 bis 40 C-Atomen. a) 0.5 to 99.5% by weight of an alkoxylated montanic acid, and b) 0.5 to 99.5% by weight of an alkoxylate of a straight-chain or branched, mono- or polyhydric alcohol having 20 to 40 carbon atoms ,
8. Wachs gemäß Anspruch 7, zusätzlich enthaltend 0,5 bis 99,5 Gew.-% eines wasserlöslichen Ethylenoxid-Propylenoxid-Addukts an einen ein- oder mehrwertigen Alkohol mit 1 bis 40 Kohlenstoffatomen oder an Wasser.8. Wax according to claim 7, additionally containing 0.5 to 99.5% by weight of a water-soluble ethylene oxide-propylene oxide adduct with a mono- or polyhydric alcohol with 1 to 40 carbon atoms or with water.
9. Wachs gemäß Anspruch 7 und/oder 8, zusätzlich enthaltend bis zu 30 Gew.-% Alkohole, die 4 bis 12 C-Atome und 1, 2 oder 3 OH-Gruppen aufweisen.9. Wax according to claim 7 and / or 8, additionally containing up to 30% by weight of alcohols which have 4 to 12 carbon atoms and 1, 2 or 3 OH groups.
10. Verfahren zur Reinigung von Gasen von Schadstoffen durch Adsorption, indem die zu reinigenden Gase mit einem Mittel oder einem Wachs gemäß einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 in Kontakt gebracht werden. 10. Process for the purification of gases from pollutants by adsorption by bringing the gases to be cleaned into contact with an agent or a wax according to one or more of claims 1 to 9.
EP01919317A 2000-03-07 2001-02-20 Agent and method for removing pollutants from gases Withdrawn EP1272258A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10011031 2000-03-07
DE10011031 2000-03-07
DE10046015A DE10046015A1 (en) 2000-03-07 2000-09-18 Wax agent for removal of nicotine, tobacco combustion products, ozone or formaldehyde from gases, contains at least one alkoxylated compound
DE10046015 2000-09-18
DE10055515 2000-11-09
DE2000155515 DE10055515A1 (en) 2000-11-09 2000-11-09 Regeneratable agent for removing harmful contaminants, e.g. nicotine, tobacco combustion products, ozone or formaldehyde from gases, comprise wax containing alkoxylated material
PCT/EP2001/001897 WO2001066228A1 (en) 2000-03-07 2001-02-20 Agent and method for removing pollutants from gases

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IT1085425B (en) 1977-09-29 1985-05-28 Merak Spa FILTERS FOR CIGARETTES AND PROCEDURE FOR THEIR PREPARATION
US4200609A (en) 1978-04-03 1980-04-29 Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation Ozone removal filter containing manganese dioxide and ceric oxide catalysts
DE2818608A1 (en) 1978-04-27 1979-10-31 Max Planck Gesellschaft FILTER FOR THE REMOVAL OF APOLAR ORGANIC SUBSTANCES FROM GASES
US4339250A (en) 1980-07-17 1982-07-13 Thut Timothy T Fresh air fountain air filter arrangement
DE3785694T2 (en) * 1986-05-13 1993-09-16 Seitetsu Kagaku Co Ltd THIOPHENE DERIVATIVES AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF.
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