EP1271075B1 - Method and apparatus for generating cold - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for generating cold Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1271075B1
EP1271075B1 EP02012634A EP02012634A EP1271075B1 EP 1271075 B1 EP1271075 B1 EP 1271075B1 EP 02012634 A EP02012634 A EP 02012634A EP 02012634 A EP02012634 A EP 02012634A EP 1271075 B1 EP1271075 B1 EP 1271075B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
nitrogen
cold
compressor
container
vaporized
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP02012634A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1271075A1 (en
Inventor
Jürgen Clausen
Robert Sebastianutto
Bruno Dr. Ziegler
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Linde GmbH
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Linde GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
    • F25D3/10—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the provision of refrigeration by evaporation of liquid nitrogen at subatmospheric pressure and subsequent heating and compression of the vaporized nitrogen.
  • the invention relates to a device for refrigeration by evaporation of liquid nitrogen at subatmospkorwitzm pressure and subsequent heating and compression of the vaporized nitrogen.
  • Generic methods or devices for providing cold are used, for example, for open and closed cooling processes, which serve to cool high-temperature superconducting components.
  • the component to be cooled is either integrated directly into the aforementioned container or supplied via a secondary circuit from this container with cold.
  • a refrigerant having a low boiling point as the nitrogen itself can be used;
  • a refrigerant in this case for example, neon or helium are used.
  • Another possibility is to evaporate nitrogen at subatmospheric pressure, to warm it to about ambient temperature and then to compress it to atmospheric or superatmospheric pressure.
  • a method and a device for subcooling a cryogenic, liquid gas by heat exchange with another cryogenic, liquid gas are known.
  • the cryogenic, liquid gas which is used as a coolant, brought by means of a compressor to a pressure which is below atmospheric pressure.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically such, belonging to the prior art process.
  • the method this object is achieved in that the evaporated nitrogen is first compressed and then heated.
  • the inventive device has a relaxation or dosing, which serves to relax or dosing the liquid nitrogen, a container in which the expanded nitrogen out and discharged from the cold to at least one (cold) consumer, a compressor downstream of the compressor, the the compression of the vaporized nitrogen is used, and a compressor downstream of the heat exchanger), which serves to heat the compressed nitrogen on.
  • compressors 6 ' one or more so-called cold compressors are used as compressors 6 '.
  • the compaction is carried out according to the invention now directly at the boiling point of nitrogen instead of at ambient temperature.
  • turbo compressors radial design are used, which are designed specifically for use at very low temperatures.
  • FIG. 3 is a procedure that is different from that based on the FIG. 2 explained characterized in that an additional heat exchanger 7, which is the cold compressor 6 'upstream, is provided.
  • This heat exchanger 7 is used for supercooling the liquid nitrogen in the line 1 by, withdrawn from the container 3, evaporated nitrogen, which is thereby slightly warmed.
  • the supercooled nitrogen in the heat exchanger 7 is then fed via line 1 'to the expansion valve 2.
  • the inventive method and the device according to the invention lead to a reduction of the drive power of the compressor 6, since the compression takes place at low temperature.
  • the method according to the invention or the apparatus for supplying cold thus lead to a simplification of the process, a reduction in costs, an increase in the efficiency of the process and an improvement in operational safety and availability.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Containers, Films, And Cooling For Superconductive Devices (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)

Abstract

The method involves evaporating liquid nitrogen at sub-atmospheric pressure and finally heating and compressing the evaporated nitrogen. The evaporated nitrogen is first compressed and finally heated if appropriate. The evaporated nitrogen is compressed by a so-called cold compressor. AN Independent claim is also included for the following: a refrigeration arrangement.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Kältebereitstellung durch Verdampfen von flüssigem Stickstoff bei subatmosphärischem Druck und anschließendem Anwärmen und Verdichten des verdampften Stickstoffes.The invention relates to a process for the provision of refrigeration by evaporation of liquid nitrogen at subatmospheric pressure and subsequent heating and compression of the vaporized nitrogen.

Ferner betrifft die Erfindung eine Vorrichtung zur Kältebereitstellung durch Verdampfen von flüssigem Stickstoff bei subatmosphärischem Druck und anschließendem Anwärmen und Verdichten des verdampften Stickstoffes.Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for refrigeration by evaporation of liquid nitrogen at subatmosphärischem pressure and subsequent heating and compression of the vaporized nitrogen.

Gattungsgemäße Verfahren bzw. Vorrichtungen zur Kältebereitstellung werden beispielsweise für offene und geschlossene Kälteprozesse, die der Kühlung von Hochtemperatur-Supraleitenden-Komponenten dienen, verwendet. Die zu kühlende Komponente wird dabei entweder direkt in den vorgenannten Behälter integriert oder über einen Sekundärkreislauf aus diesem Behälter mit Kälte versorgt.Generic methods or devices for providing cold are used, for example, for open and closed cooling processes, which serve to cool high-temperature superconducting components. The component to be cooled is either integrated directly into the aforementioned container or supplied via a secondary circuit from this container with cold.

Prinzipiell gibt es zwei Möglichkeiten, Temperaturen unterhalb des Siedepunktes von Stickstoff zu erreichen. So kann ein Kältemittel, das einen niedrigen Siedepunkt als der Stickstoff selbst aufweist, verwendet werden; als Kältemittel kommen in diesem Fall beispielsweise Neon oder Helium zur Anwendung.In principle, there are two ways to achieve temperatures below the boiling point of nitrogen. Thus, a refrigerant having a low boiling point as the nitrogen itself can be used; As a refrigerant in this case, for example, neon or helium are used.

Eine weitere Möglichkeit besteht darin, Stickstoff bei subatmosphärischem Druck zu verdampfen, auf etwa Umgebungstemperatur anzuwärmen und anschließend auf atmosphärischen oder überatmosphärischen Druck zu verdichten. Aus der DE-A-197 17 621 sind ein Verfahren sowie ein Vorrichtung zum Unterkühlen eines tiefkalten, flüssigen Gases durch Wärmetausch mit einem weiteren tiefkalten, flüssigen Gas bekannt. Hierbei wird das tiefkalte, flüssige Gas, welches als Kühlmittel verwendet wird, mittels eines Verdichters auf einen Druck gebracht, der unter dem Atmosphärendruck liegt.Another possibility is to evaporate nitrogen at subatmospheric pressure, to warm it to about ambient temperature and then to compress it to atmospheric or superatmospheric pressure. From the DE-A-197 17 621 For example, a method and a device for subcooling a cryogenic, liquid gas by heat exchange with another cryogenic, liquid gas are known. Here, the cryogenic, liquid gas, which is used as a coolant, brought by means of a compressor to a pressure which is below atmospheric pressure.

Die Figur 1 zeigt schematisch einen derartigen, zum Stand der Technik zählenden Prozess.The FIG. 1 shows schematically such, belonging to the prior art process.

Hierbei wird über Leitung 1 verflüssigter Stickstoff in einer Expansions- oder Dosiervorrichtung, bei der es sich vorzugsweise um ein Expansionsventil 2 handelt, entspannt und einem Behälter 3 zugeführt. In diesem bildet sich eine Gasphase a sowie eine Flüssigphase b aus, da durch die Abgabe von Kälteleistung der dem Behälter zugeführte flüssige Stickstoff verdampft wird. Über Leitung 4 wird verdampfter Stickstoff aus dem Behälter 3 abgezogen und nach einer Anwärmung auf Umgebungstemperatur im Wärmetauscher 5 mittels des Verdichters 6 auf atmosphärischen oder überatmosphärischen Druck verdichtet. Die Anwärmung des verdampften Stickstoffes im Wärmetauscher 5 erfolgt vorzugsweise gegen Umgebungsluft, Wasser, o. ä. oder mittels einer elektrischen Beheizung.
Als Verdichter kommen bei dieser Verfahrensweise handelsübliche Vakuumpumpen oder Kompressoren zum Einsatz.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren sowie eine gattungsgemäße Vorrichtung zur Kältebereitstellung anzugeben, das bzw. die energetische und apparative Vorteile gegenüber dem vorbeschriebenen Prozess zur Kältebereitstellung durch Verdampfen von flüssigem Stickstoff aufweist.In this case, via line 1 liquefied nitrogen in an expansion or metering device, which is preferably an expansion valve 2, relaxed and fed to a container 3. In this forms a gas phase a and a liquid phase b, since the delivery of cooling power of the container supplied liquid nitrogen is evaporated. Via line 4 evaporated nitrogen is withdrawn from the container 3 and compressed after warming to ambient temperature in the heat exchanger 5 by means of the compressor 6 to atmospheric or superatmospheric pressure. The heating of the evaporated nitrogen in the heat exchanger 5 is preferably carried out against ambient air, water, o. Ä., Or by means of an electric heater.
Compressors used in this procedure are commercially available vacuum pumps or compressors.
Object of the present invention is to provide a generic method and a generic device for refrigeration provision that or has the energy and equipment advantages over the above-described process for refrigeration by evaporation of liquid nitrogen.

Verfahrensseitig wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, dass der verdampfte Stickstoff zunächst verdichtet und anschließend angewärmt wird.The method, this object is achieved in that the evaporated nitrogen is first compressed and then heated.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung weist ein Entspannungs- oder Dosierorgan, das der Entspannung oder Dosierung des flüssigen Stickstoffes dient, einen Behälter, in den der entspannte Stickstoff geführt und aus dem Kälte an wenigstens einen (Kälte)Verbraucher abgeführt wird, einen dem Behälter nachgeschalteten Verdichter, der der Verdichtung des verdampften Stickstoffes dient, und einen dem Verdichter nachgeschalteten Wärmetauscher), der der Anwärmung des verdichteten Stickstoffes dient, auf.The inventive device has a relaxation or dosing, which serves to relax or dosing the liquid nitrogen, a container in which the expanded nitrogen out and discharged from the cold to at least one (cold) consumer, a compressor downstream of the compressor, the the compression of the vaporized nitrogen is used, and a compressor downstream of the heat exchanger), which serves to heat the compressed nitrogen on.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren sowie die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zur Kältebereitstellung durch Verdampfen von flüssigem Stickstoff - sowie weitere Ausgestaltungen des- bzw. derselben - seien anhand der in den Figuren 2 und 3 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert.The inventive method and the device according to the invention for the provision of cold by evaporation of liquid nitrogen - and other embodiments of the same or the same - are based on in the Figures 2 and 3 illustrated embodiments explained in more detail.

Im Gegensatz zu dem anhand des in der Figur 1 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles beschriebenen Prozesses wird - wie in den Figuren 2 und 3 dargestellt - der aus dem Behälter 3 abgezogene verdampfte Stickstoff nunmehr nicht erst (auf Umgebungstemperatur) angewärmt, sondern erfindungsgemäß zunächst verdichtet und erst anschließend im Wärmetauscher 5' (auf Umgebungstemperatur) angewärmt.In contrast to that in the FIG. 1 illustrated embodiment is described - as in the Figures 2 and 3 shown - evaporated from the container 3 evaporated nitrogen now not only warmed (to ambient temperature), but first compressed according to the invention and only then in the heat exchanger 5 '(to ambient temperature) warmed.

Als Verdichter 6' kommen hierbei ein oder mehrere sog. kalte Verdichter zum Einsatz. Die Verdichtung erfolgt erfindungsgemäß nunmehr unmittelbar bei der Siedetemperatur des Stickstoffes anstatt bei Umgebungstemperatur.In this case, one or more so-called cold compressors are used as compressors 6 '. The compaction is carried out according to the invention now directly at the boiling point of nitrogen instead of at ambient temperature.

Als kalte Verdichter kommen beispielsweise Turboverdichter radialer Bauart zur Anwendung, die speziell für den Einsatz bei sehr tiefen Temperaturen konzipiert sind.As a cold compressor, for example, turbo compressors radial design are used, which are designed specifically for use at very low temperatures.

In der Figur 3 ist eine Verfahrensweise dargestellt, die sich von der anhand der Figur 2 erläuterten dadurch unterscheidet, dass ein zusätzlicher Wärmetauscher 7, der dem kalten Verdichter 6' vorgeschaltet ist, vorgesehen wird. Dieser Wärmetauscher 7 dient der Unterkühlung des flüssigen Stickstoffes in der Leitung 1 durch den, aus dem Behälter 3 abgezogenen, verdampften Stickstoff, der dadurch leicht angewärmt wird.In the FIG. 3 is a procedure that is different from that based on the FIG. 2 explained characterized in that an additional heat exchanger 7, which is the cold compressor 6 'upstream, is provided. This heat exchanger 7 is used for supercooling the liquid nitrogen in the line 1 by, withdrawn from the container 3, evaporated nitrogen, which is thereby slightly warmed.

Der derart im Wärmetauscher 7 unterkühlte Stickstoff wird anschließend über Leitung 1' dem Expansionsventil 2 zugeführt.The supercooled nitrogen in the heat exchanger 7 is then fed via line 1 'to the expansion valve 2.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bzw. die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung führen zu einer Verringerung der Antriebsleistung des Verdichters 6, da die Verdichtung bei tiefer Temperatur erfolgt. Bei offenen Prozessen kann zudem der Wärmetauscher 5' kleiner ausgeführt oder auch ganz weggelassen werden werden.The inventive method and the device according to the invention lead to a reduction of the drive power of the compressor 6, since the compression takes place at low temperature. In open processes, moreover, the heat exchanger 5 'can be made smaller or even completely omitted.

Ferner werden für die Verdichtung des unter subatmosphärischem Druck vorliegenden Stickstoffes dank der niedrigeren Saugtemperatur - und damit höheren Dichte - kleinere Verdichter benötigt.Furthermore, smaller compressors are needed for the compression of the nitrogen present under subatmospheric pressure thanks to the lower suction temperature - and thus higher density.

Des Weiteren müssen nunmehr weniger Apparate, Instrumente, etc. bei subatmosphärischem Druck betrieben werden, wodurch die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Verunreinigung des Prozessgases durch Leckagen verringert wird, was insbesondere im Falle eines geschlossenen Prozesses von Bedeutung ist.Furthermore, fewer apparatuses, instruments, etc. now need to be operated at subatmospheric pressure, which reduces the likelihood of leakage of the process gas through leaks, which is particularly important in the case of a closed process.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bzw. die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zur Kältebereitstellung führen somit zu einer Vereinfachung des Prozesses, einer Kostenreduzierung, einer Erhöhung des Prozesswirkungsgrades und einer Verbesserung der Betriebssicherheit sowie der Verfügbarkeit.The method according to the invention or the apparatus for supplying cold thus lead to a simplification of the process, a reduction in costs, an increase in the efficiency of the process and an improvement in operational safety and availability.

Claims (6)

  1. Process for operating a cold-generating system which operates by vaporization of liquid nitrogen at subatmospheric pressure and subsequent warming and compression of the vaporized nitrogen, characterized in that the vaporized nitrogen is initially compressed (6') and subsequently warmed (5').
  2. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the vaporized nitrogen prior to its compression (6') is used for supercooling (7) the liquid nitrogen (1).
  3. Process according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the compression (6') of the vaporized nitrogen is effected by one or more cold compressors (6').
  4. Apparatus for cold-generation by vaporization of liquid nitrogen at subatmospheric pressure and subsequent warming and compression of the vaporized nitrogen, comprising an expansion or metering element (2) for expanding or metering the liquid nitrogen, a container (3) into which the expanded nitrogen is fed and from which cold is removed to at least one (cold) consumer, a compressor (6') which is situated downstream of the container (3) and which serves to compress the vaporized nitrogen, and a heat exchanger (5') which is situated downstream of the compressor (6') and which serves to warm the compressed nitrogen.
  5. Apparatus according to Claim 4, characterized in that upstream of the container (3) is an additional heat exchanger (7) for the heat exchange between the vaporized nitrogen removed from the container (3) and the liquid nitrogen (1).
  6. Apparatus according to Claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the compressor (6') is configured as a cold compressor.
EP02012634A 2001-06-20 2002-06-06 Method and apparatus for generating cold Expired - Lifetime EP1271075B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE10129780 2001-06-20
DE10129780A DE10129780A1 (en) 2001-06-20 2001-06-20 Method and device for providing cold

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EP1271075B1 true EP1271075B1 (en) 2008-03-26

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EP (1) EP1271075B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2003097859A (en)
AT (1) ATE390608T1 (en)
DE (2) DE10129780A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103459949A (en) * 2011-02-02 2013-12-18 弗劳恩霍弗应用技术研究院 Accessible cooling system, especially for cryopreserving biological samples, and method for the operation thereof

Families Citing this family (5)

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FR2904054B1 (en) * 2006-07-21 2013-04-19 Guy Joseph Jules Negre CRYOGENIC MOTOR WITH AMBIENT THERMAL ENERGY AND CONSTANT PRESSURE AND ITS THERMODYNAMIC CYCLES
US7621148B1 (en) 2007-08-07 2009-11-24 Dain John F Ultra-low temperature bio-sample storage system
US7823394B2 (en) * 2007-11-02 2010-11-02 Reflect Scientific, Inc. Thermal insulation technique for ultra low temperature cryogenic processor
DE102011018345B4 (en) * 2011-04-20 2013-04-25 Messer Group Gmbh Apparatus and method for controlling the temperature of a fluid medium
CN107830651B (en) * 2017-10-20 2020-04-10 中国科学院理化技术研究所 Low-temperature refrigerating system

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CN103459949A (en) * 2011-02-02 2013-12-18 弗劳恩霍弗应用技术研究院 Accessible cooling system, especially for cryopreserving biological samples, and method for the operation thereof
CN103459949B (en) * 2011-02-02 2016-06-01 弗劳恩霍弗应用技术研究院 It is particularly useful for the cooling system being suitable for walking of low temperature storage biological specimen and the method for operating this kind of cooling system

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DE10129780A1 (en) 2003-01-02
DE50211946D1 (en) 2008-05-08
ATE390608T1 (en) 2008-04-15
JP2003097859A (en) 2003-04-03
US6619047B2 (en) 2003-09-16
EP1271075A1 (en) 2003-01-02
US20030024251A1 (en) 2003-02-06

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