EP1269104B1 - Explosive charge for a warhead - Google Patents

Explosive charge for a warhead Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1269104B1
EP1269104B1 EP01925500A EP01925500A EP1269104B1 EP 1269104 B1 EP1269104 B1 EP 1269104B1 EP 01925500 A EP01925500 A EP 01925500A EP 01925500 A EP01925500 A EP 01925500A EP 1269104 B1 EP1269104 B1 EP 1269104B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
explosive charge
layer
explosive
warhead
convertible
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EP01925500A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1269104A1 (en
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Werner Arnold
Helmut Muthig
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TDW Gesellschaft fuer Verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH
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TDW Gesellschaft fuer Verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/208—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by a plurality of charges within a single high explosive warhead

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an explosive charge for a warhead, which in addition to the detonating chain for detonating initiation of the explosive charge has a further ignition chain for deflagrativen initiation.
  • US-A-3,853,059 and FR-A-2 561 376 show an explosive charge with a detonator on each end.
  • the splitter may be aimed forward (fire only at the back), backwards (ignite only at the front) or side (fire simultaneously at the front and rear).
  • Fig. 1a shows greatly simplified as an example of the invention, a section through the explosive charge of a warhead.
  • the explosive charge is constructed in a layered manner, so that layers 3a,..., 3d alternate with detonatively convertible explosives, in each case with further layers 4a,..., 4c of explosives that can be reacted only deflagratively.
  • detonatively convertible explosive means a high-energy (explosive) explosive which is easy to initiate, while the deflagratively convertible explosive consists of a less energetic and more difficult-to-initiate explosive. It is quite possible in the context of the invention, in the explosive layers 3a, ..., 3d with different explosives to use differing explosiveness and sensitivity.
  • inert layers are also provided.
  • damping layers then consist of plastics, metals or sandwich layers of these materials.
  • PU foam can also be used as a cushioning material.
  • the initiation for deflagrative or detonative conversion preferably takes place from the opposite end faces of the explosive charge.
  • the ignition chain 1 is provided on the left side, while the ignition chain 2 on the right side serves for detonative initiation.
  • the principle of stratified explosives or the alternating stratification of explosive and inert material has the result that an unwanted transition within a detonatively convertible explosive layer is attributed to a deflagration from a deflagration to a detonation in the subsequent less sensitive layer.
  • the prerequisite for this is that the detonation chain 1 for the deflagrative initiation brings a lower energy level (stimulus) to the subsequently difficult-to-initiate explosive layer 3 a than the further detonating chain 2, which due to its high stimulus initiates the explosive layer 3d, which is easier to initiate, detonatively ,
  • FIG. 1 b in the lower half of the drawing, from left to right, the course of the deflagrative triggering by means of the firing chain 1 is plotted over the length L of the explosive charge in the successive layers of pressure levels P 1 (reaction level).
  • P 1 reaction level
  • the pressure is initially at a relatively low level.
  • the detonatively convertible layer there is an increase in the detonatively convertible layer and then in the deflagrative convertible or inert layer again a drop to about the starting level.
  • the pressure level P remains, according to FIG. 4, within a bandwidth which can be predetermined by means of the dimensioning of the layers by the value P L and does not escalate to an undesired detonation.
  • the pressure level P achieved during a detonative initiation by means of the ignition chain 2 (curve ZK2) is plotted over the length L of the explosive charge.
  • a constantly high reaction level results which clearly decreases when the detonation front enters the deflagratively convertible or inert layer 4c.
  • the pressure level has not yet dropped to a value significantly below the pressure level P H , which would only permit a deflagrative initiation of the following detonatively convertible layer 3c. Therefore, the reaction level in the layer 3c rapidly increases to the value of the detonation pressure already reached in the layer 3d, which is held until the next deflagratively convertible or inert layer 4b.
  • FIG. 2 shows a further solution in addition to FIG. 1a.
  • the deflagrative initiation takes place by means of the ignition chain 1 on an explosive charge layer 5 with low explosive, so that only a deflagrative reaction is initiated.
  • the further layer structure corresponds to FIG. 1a with alternating detonatively convertible explosive layers 3a,..., 3d and deflagratively convertible explosive layers 4a,..., 4c or damping layers.
  • the pressure level remains within a low bandwidth according to FIG. 1b.
  • the detonative triggering takes place in turn via the further ignition chain 2 on the explosive layer 3d with high explosiveness.
  • Fig. 3 an alternative to the previous embodiments is shown.
  • the deflagrative initiation takes place via the ignition chain 1 with a low stimulus on the explosive 3 with high explosiveness.
  • mechanical damping layers 4a,..., 4d are provided. These extend in the manner of a barrier only over a part of the cross section of the explosive charge 3.
  • materials found in the damping layers in addition to PU foams or plastic plates and sandwich composite layers of plastic and metal application.
  • Successive cushioning layers are arranged so as to overlap one another like a labyrinth in the direction of the detonation wave.
  • the detonation front extends in arcs of radius R across the barrier-like damping layers 4a, ..., 4d.
  • the detonation front can not move around the barriers on any radii R (see Fig. 4). Below a minimum value of the radius R dependent on the type of explosive, the propagation of the detonation is suppressed. Above this value, the desired damping of the energy level takes place to a level at which, on average, a deflagrative conversion of the entire explosive 3 takes place. However, if the explosive charge 3 is detonatively initiated by the further ignition chain 2 with a high stimulus, the detonation generates shock waves whose amplitude can not be reduced to such an extent by the mechanical damping layers 4a,..., 4d that the passage of the detonation wave would be prevented. The detonation is unhindered. In addition, the radii of curvature of the detonation (R ⁇ R H see Fig. 4) are so small that the detonation can also circulate the barriers.
  • FIG. 4 shows the physical relationship between the curvature behavior of explosive detonation waves in the non-linear dependence on the initiation pressure (or stimulus).
  • the start-up distance I (see Fig. 1b) between two barriers 4b, 4c on the one hand must be significantly smaller than the value L L , so that there is no start of detonation at the initiating pressure P L of the ignition chain ZK1 with low stimulus.
  • the starting distance for this is L L.
  • the distance I should be slightly greater than the value L H , so that it comes at the higher initiating pressure P H of the opposite ignition ZK2 to a safe detonation.
  • the starting distance for this is L H.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Sprengladung für einen Gefechtskopf, der neben der Zündkette zur detonativen Initiierung der Sprengladung eine weitere Zündkette zur deflagrativen Initiierung aufweist.The invention relates to an explosive charge for a warhead, which in addition to the detonating chain for detonating initiation of the explosive charge has a further ignition chain for deflagrativen initiation.

Das Einsatzfeld heutiger Gefechtsköpfe verändert sich zunehmend. Es werden immer öfter Ziele in urbaner Umgebung ausgewählt, um die gegnerische Infrastruktur zu schwächen. Diese Ziele zeichnen sich durch extreme örtliche Nähe zu zivilen und anderen Einrichtungen aus, die nicht oder nur wenig beschädigt werden sollen. Da die bevorzugte Wirkrichtung eines Gefechtskopfes bauartbedingt vorgegeben ist, bleibt als Möglichkeit zur Reduzierung der Schäden in der Zielumgebung nur die Beeinflussung der Leistung des Gefechtskopfes.The field of action of today's warheads is changing increasingly. Destinations in urban environments are increasingly being chosen to weaken the enemy infrastructure. These goals are characterized by extreme local proximity to civilian and other facilities that are not or only slightly damaged. Since the preferred direction of action of a warhead is predetermined by design, remains as a way to reduce the damage in the target environment only influencing the performance of the warhead.

US-A-3 782 283 (Figur 6) zeigt eine kontrollierte Splitterbildung mit nur einer Zündkette wobei die Sprengladung in axialer Richtung derart geschichtet aufgebaut ist, daß auf eine erste, dritte, usw. detonativ umsetzbare Sprengstoffschicht (11) jeweils eine zweite, vierte, usw. inerte Schicht (8) folgt. US-A-3,782,283 (Figure 6) shows a controlled fragmentation with only one ignition chain wherein the explosive charge is constructed in a layered manner such that on a first, third, etc. detonatively convertible explosive layer (11) in each case a second, fourth, etc. inert layer (8 ) follows.

US-A-3 853 059 und FR-A-2 561 376 zeigen eine Sprengladung mit einem Zünder an jedem Ende. Je nach Zündungsart, können die Splitter bevorzugt nach vorne (nur hinten zünden), nach hinten (nur vorne zünden) oder zur Seite (vorne und hinten gleichzeitig zünden) gerichtet werden. US-A-3,853,059 and FR-A-2 561 376 show an explosive charge with a detonator on each end. Depending on the type of ignition, the splitter may be aimed forward (fire only at the back), backwards (ignite only at the front) or side (fire simultaneously at the front and rear).

Es ist aus einer Anmeldung der gleichen Anmelderin bekannt, die Leistung eines Gefechtskopfes dadurch kontrolliert zu vermindern, dass der detonativen Initiierung eine deflagrative Initiierung entgegengesetzt wird. Damit lässt sich die Leistung der gegenüber den bisherigen Ausführungsformen unveränderten Sprengladung des Gefechtskopfes zwischen 0 und 100 % einstellen.It is known from an application of the same Applicant to control the performance of a warhead controlled by the fact that the detonative initiation is opposed to a deflagrative initiation. This makes it possible to adjust the performance of the explosive charge of the warhead, which is unchanged from the previous embodiments, between 0 and 100%.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, die wahlweise detonative oder deflagrative Initiierung der Sprengladung mit Hilfe der Gestaltung der Sprengladung zu unterstützen und die Initiierung funktionssicherer ablaufen zu lassen.It is an object of the invention to support the optional detonative or deflagrative initiation of the explosive charge with the help of the design of the explosive charge and to allow the initiation functionally reliable.

Die Aufgabe wird in einfacher Weise durch die in Anspruch 1 wiedergegebenen Merkmale gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungen der Erfindung sind in den untergeordneten Ansprüchen beschrieben.The object is achieved in a simple manner by the reproduced in claim 1 features. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the subordinate claims.

Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Form der Sprengladung für einen Gefechtskopf werden verschiedene Vorteile erzielt. Durch die entsprechende Wahl von detonativ oder deflagrativ umsetzbaren Sprengstoffen sowie inerten Materialien für die verschiedenen Schichten läuft die gezielt eingeleitete Deflagration kontrolliert ab und die Wahrscheinlichkeit des Überganges einer Deflagration in eine Detonation wird weitestgehend unterdrückt.With the inventive form of the explosive charge for a warhead various advantages are achieved. Through the appropriate choice of detonative or deflagrative convertible explosives and inert materials for the different layers, the deliberately initiated deflagration runs controlled and the probability of the transition of a deflagration into a detonation is largely suppressed.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung schematisch vereinfacht dargestellt und wird nachfolgend beschrieben. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1a
einen Schnitt durch eine Sprengladung mit abwechselnd unterschiedlichen Schichten,
Fig. 1b
den Verlauf der umgesetzten Leistung in Abhängigkeit von der Laufstrecke,
Fig. 2
eine Alternative zu der in Fig. 1a gezeigten Lösung,
Fig. 3
eine Sprengladung mit blendenartigen Barrieren,
Fig. 4
Diagramm zur Darstellung des Verhaltens Krümmungsradius (bzw. Anlaufstrecke) R zu Initiierdruck P.
An embodiment of the invention is shown schematically simplified in the drawing and will be described below. Show it:
Fig. 1a
a section through an explosive charge with alternately different layers,
Fig. 1b
the course of the converted power depending on the running distance,
Fig. 2
an alternative to the solution shown in Fig. 1a,
Fig. 3
an explosive charge with blind-like barriers,
Fig. 4
Diagram showing the behavior Curvature radius (or start-up distance) R to initiation pressure P.

Die Fig. 1a zeigt stark vereinfacht als Beispiel für die Erfindung einen Schnitt durch die Sprengladung eines Gefechtskopfes. Die Sprengladung ist schichtartig aufgebaut, so dass sich Schichten 3a, ..., 3d mit detonativ umsetzbarem Sprengstoff jeweils mit weiteren Schichten 4a, ..., 4c aus nur deflagrativ umsetzbarem Sprengstoff abwechseln. Unter detonativ umsetzbarem Sprengstoff wird im Rahmen der Erfindung ein hochenergetischer (brisanter) und leicht zu initiierender Sprengstoff verstanden, während der deflagrativ umsetzbare Sprengstoff aus einem weniger energetischen und schwerer zu initiierenden Sprengstoff besteht. Es ist im Rahmen der Erfindung durchaus möglich, bei den Sprengstoffschichten 3a, ..., 3d verschiedene Sprengstoffe mit sich unterscheidender Brisanz und Empfindlichkeit zu verwenden. Als weitere Alternative ist anstelle einer oder mehrerer der weiteren Schichten 4a, ..., 4c auch der Einsatz von inerten Schichten vorgesehen. Diese Dämpfungsschichten bestehen dann aus Kunststoffen, Metallen oder Sandwichschichten aus diesen Materialien. PU-Schaum kann ebenso gut als Dämpfungsmaterial verwendet werden. Weiterhin ist es im Rahmen der Erfindung möglich, in einer Sprengladung sowohl deflagrativ umsetzbare als auch inerte Schichten zu verwenden oder miteinander zu kombinieren.Fig. 1a shows greatly simplified as an example of the invention, a section through the explosive charge of a warhead. The explosive charge is constructed in a layered manner, so that layers 3a,..., 3d alternate with detonatively convertible explosives, in each case with further layers 4a,..., 4c of explosives that can be reacted only deflagratively. In the context of the invention, detonatively convertible explosive means a high-energy (explosive) explosive which is easy to initiate, while the deflagratively convertible explosive consists of a less energetic and more difficult-to-initiate explosive. It is quite possible in the context of the invention, in the explosive layers 3a, ..., 3d with different explosives to use differing explosiveness and sensitivity. As a further alternative, instead of one or more of the further layers 4a,..., 4c, the use of inert layers is also provided. These damping layers then consist of plastics, metals or sandwich layers of these materials. PU foam can also be used as a cushioning material. Furthermore, it is possible within the scope of the invention to use deflagratively as well as inert layers in an explosive charge or to combine them with one another.

Die lnitiierung zur deflagrativen oder detonativen Umsetzung erfolgt vorzugsweise von den gegenüberliegenden Stirnseiten der Sprengladung. Zur deflagrativen Auslösung ist die Zündkette 1 auf der linken Seite vorgesehen, während die Zündkette 2 auf der rechten Seite zur detonativen Initiierung dient.The initiation for deflagrative or detonative conversion preferably takes place from the opposite end faces of the explosive charge. For deflagrative triggering the ignition chain 1 is provided on the left side, while the ignition chain 2 on the right side serves for detonative initiation.

Das Prinzip der geschichteten Sprengstoffe bzw. der alternierenden Schichtung von Sprengstoff und inertem Material hat zur Folge, dass ein ungewollter Übergang innerhalb einer detonativ umsetzbaren Sprengstoffschicht von einer Deflagration in eine Detonation in der darauf folgenden unempfindlicheren Schicht wieder auf eine Deflagration zurückgeführt wird. Voraussetzung hierfür ist, dass die Zündkette 1 für die deflagrative Initiierung ein niedrigeres Energieniveau (Stimulus) auf die darauf folgende schwer zu initiierende Sprengstoffschicht 3a zur Anwendung bringt als die weitere Zündkette 2, die aufgrund ihres hohen Stimulus die leichter zu initiierende Sprengstoffschicht 3d sofort detonativ initiiert.The principle of stratified explosives or the alternating stratification of explosive and inert material has the result that an unwanted transition within a detonatively convertible explosive layer is attributed to a deflagration from a deflagration to a detonation in the subsequent less sensitive layer. The prerequisite for this is that the detonation chain 1 for the deflagrative initiation brings a lower energy level (stimulus) to the subsequently difficult-to-initiate explosive layer 3 a than the further detonating chain 2, which due to its high stimulus initiates the explosive layer 3d, which is easier to initiate, detonatively ,

In der Fig. 1b ist in der unteren Hälfte der Zeichnung von links nach rechts der einer deflagrativen Auslösung mittels der Zündkette 1 entsprechende Verlauf des in den aufeinander folgenden Schichten Druckniveaus P, (Reaktionslevel) über der Länge L der Sprengladung aufgetragen. Nach Auslösung der Zündkette 1 (Kurve ZK 1) liegt der Druck zunächst auf einem relativ niedrigen Niveau. Dann ergibt sich in der detonativ umsetzbaren Schicht ein Anstieg und anschließend in der deflagrativ umsetzbaren oder inerten Schicht wieder ein Abfall auf etwa das Startniveau. Aufgrund des sägezahnförmigen Verlaufs verbleibt das Druckniveau P entsprechend Fig. 4 innerhalb einer mittels der Dimensionierung der Schichten vorgebbaren Bandbreite um den Wert PL und eskaliert nicht zu einer unerwünschten Detonation. In der oberen Hälfte der Figur 1 b ist von rechts nach links das bei einer detonativen Initiierung mittels der Zündkette 2 (Kurve ZK2) erreichte Druckniveau P, das über die Länge L der Sprengladung aufgetragen ist. Hierbei ergibt sich innerhalb der detonativ umsetzbaren Schicht 3d ein konstant hoher Reaktionslevel, der beim Eintritt der Detonationsfront in die deflagrativ umsetzbare bzw. inerte Schicht 4c deutlich abnimmt. Beim Erreichen der nächsten detonativ umsetzbaren Schicht 3c ist jedoch das Druckniveau noch nicht auf einen Wert deutlich unterhalb des Druckpegels PH abgesunken, der nur noch eine deflagrative Initiierung der folgenden detonativ umsetzbaren Schicht 3c erlauben würde. Deshalb steigt der Reaktionslevel in der Schicht 3c schnell auf den bereits in der Schicht 3d erreichten Wert des Detonationsdrucks an, der bis zur nächsten deflagrativ umsetzbaren bzw. inerten Schicht 4b gehalten wird.In FIG. 1 b, in the lower half of the drawing, from left to right, the course of the deflagrative triggering by means of the firing chain 1 is plotted over the length L of the explosive charge in the successive layers of pressure levels P 1 (reaction level). After triggering the ignition chain 1 (curve ZK 1), the pressure is initially at a relatively low level. Then there is an increase in the detonatively convertible layer and then in the deflagrative convertible or inert layer again a drop to about the starting level. As a result of the sawtooth-shaped course, the pressure level P remains, according to FIG. 4, within a bandwidth which can be predetermined by means of the dimensioning of the layers by the value P L and does not escalate to an undesired detonation. In the upper half of FIG. 1b, from right to left, the pressure level P achieved during a detonative initiation by means of the ignition chain 2 (curve ZK2) is plotted over the length L of the explosive charge. Within the detonatively convertible layer 3d, a constantly high reaction level results which clearly decreases when the detonation front enters the deflagratively convertible or inert layer 4c. Upon reaching the next detonatively convertible layer 3c, however, the pressure level has not yet dropped to a value significantly below the pressure level P H , which would only permit a deflagrative initiation of the following detonatively convertible layer 3c. Therefore, the reaction level in the layer 3c rapidly increases to the value of the detonation pressure already reached in the layer 3d, which is held until the next deflagratively convertible or inert layer 4b.

Auf der detonativen Eingangsseite der Sprengladung wird ein hoher Stimulus der weiteren Zündkette 2 auf eine leicht zu initiierende Sprengstoffschicht 3d zur Anwendung gebracht. Damit läuft eine sich selbst erhaltende Detonation an, die sich trotz der dazwischenliegenden dämpfenden Schichten auf einem insgesamt deutlich höheren Druckniveau fortpflanzt.On the detonative input side of the explosive charge, a high stimulus of the further detonating chain 2 is applied to an explosive layer 3d which is easy to initiate. This leads to a self-sustaining detonation, which propagates despite the intervening cushioning layers at a significantly higher pressure level.

Die Fig. 2 zeigt eine weitere Lösung in Ergänzung zu Fig. 1a. Hierbei erfolgt die deflagrative Initiierung mittels der Zündkette 1 auf eine Sprengladungsschicht 5 mit niedriger Brisanz, so dass nur eine deflagrative Umsetzung eingeleitet wird. Der weitere Schichtaufbau entspricht der Fig. 1a mit alternierenden detonativ umsetzbaren Sprengstoffschichten 3a, ..., 3d und deflagrativ umsetzbaren Sprengstoffschichten 4a, ..., 4c bzw. dämpfenden Schichten. Somit bleibt auch in diesem Fall das Druckniveau innerhalb einer gemäß Figur 1 b niedrigen Bandbreite. Die detonative Auslösung erfolgt wiederum über die weitere Zündkette 2 auf die Sprengstoffschicht 3d mit hoher Brisanz.FIG. 2 shows a further solution in addition to FIG. 1a. Here, the deflagrative initiation takes place by means of the ignition chain 1 on an explosive charge layer 5 with low explosive, so that only a deflagrative reaction is initiated. The further layer structure corresponds to FIG. 1a with alternating detonatively convertible explosive layers 3a,..., 3d and deflagratively convertible explosive layers 4a,..., 4c or damping layers. Thus, even in this case, the pressure level remains within a low bandwidth according to FIG. 1b. The detonative triggering takes place in turn via the further ignition chain 2 on the explosive layer 3d with high explosiveness.

Es ist im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung nicht ausgeschlossen, auch Kombinationen der in anhand der Beispiele erläuterten geschichtet aufgebauten Sprengladungen zu verwenden.Within the scope of the present invention, it is not excluded to use combinations of the stratified charges described in connection with the examples.

In der Fig. 3 ist eine Alternative zu den bisherigen Ausführungsbeispielen aufgezeigt. Die deflagrative Initiierung erfolgt über die Zündkette 1 mit niedrigem Stimulus auf den Sprengstoff 3 mit hoher Brisanz. Zur Dämpfung des sich entwickelnden Druckniveaus sind mechanische Dämpfungsschichten 4a, ..., 4d vorgesehen. Diese erstrecken sich in der Art einer Barriere nur über einen Teil des Querschnittes der Sprengladung 3. Als Materialien finden bei den Dämpfungsschichten neben PU-Schäumen oder Kunststoffplatten auch Sandwichverbundschichten aus Kunststoff und Metall Anwendung. Aufeinanderfolgende Dämpfungsschichten sind so angeordnet, dass sie sich nach der Art eines Labyrinths in Laufrichtung der Detonationswelle wechselseitig überdecken. Somit verläuft die Detonationsfront in Bögen mit dem Radius R über die barriereartigen Dämpfungsschichten 4a, ..., 4d hinweg. Die Detonationsfront kann sich jedoch nicht auf beliebigen Radien R um die Barrieren herumbewegen (vgl. Fig. 4). Unterhalb eines vom jeweiligen Sprengstofftyp abhängigen Minimalwerts des Radius R wird die Ausbreitung der Detonation unterdrückt. Oberhalb dieses Werts erfolgt die erwünschte Dämpfung des Energieniveaus auf einen Pegel, bei dem im Mittel eine deflagrative Umsetzung des gesamten Sprengstoffes 3 stattfindet. Wird jedoch die Sprengladung 3 von der weiteren Zündkette 2 mit einem hohen Stimulus detonativ initiiert, so erzeugt die Detonation Stoßwellen, deren Amplitude durch die mechanischen Dämpfungsschichten 4a, ..., 4d nicht soweit reduziert werden kann, dass das Durchlaufen der Detonationswelle verhindert würde. Die Detonation läuft ungehindert ab. Außerdem sind die Krümmungsradien der Detonation (R<RH vgl. Fig. 4) so klein, dass die Detonation auch die Barrieren umlaufen kann.In Fig. 3, an alternative to the previous embodiments is shown. The deflagrative initiation takes place via the ignition chain 1 with a low stimulus on the explosive 3 with high explosiveness. To damp the developing pressure level, mechanical damping layers 4a,..., 4d are provided. These extend in the manner of a barrier only over a part of the cross section of the explosive charge 3. As materials found in the damping layers in addition to PU foams or plastic plates and sandwich composite layers of plastic and metal application. Successive cushioning layers are arranged so as to overlap one another like a labyrinth in the direction of the detonation wave. Thus, the detonation front extends in arcs of radius R across the barrier-like damping layers 4a, ..., 4d. However, the detonation front can not move around the barriers on any radii R (see Fig. 4). Below a minimum value of the radius R dependent on the type of explosive, the propagation of the detonation is suppressed. Above this value, the desired damping of the energy level takes place to a level at which, on average, a deflagrative conversion of the entire explosive 3 takes place. However, if the explosive charge 3 is detonatively initiated by the further ignition chain 2 with a high stimulus, the detonation generates shock waves whose amplitude can not be reduced to such an extent by the mechanical damping layers 4a,..., 4d that the passage of the detonation wave would be prevented. The detonation is unhindered. In addition, the radii of curvature of the detonation (R <R H see Fig. 4) are so small that the detonation can also circulate the barriers.

Das Diagramm in Fig. 4 zeigt den physikalischen Zusammenhang zwischen dem Krümmungsverhalten von Sprengstoff-Detonationswellen in der nichtlinearen Abhängigkeit vom Initiierdruck (bzw. Stimulus). Somit kann eine mit nur geringem Druck PL bzw. geringem Stimulus anlaufende Detonationswelle nur um große Radien R = RL gemäß Fig. 3 ohne Gefahr des Verlöschens laufen. Je höher der Initiierdruck P bzw. Stimulus steigt, umso geringere Radien R können umlaufen werden.The diagram in FIG. 4 shows the physical relationship between the curvature behavior of explosive detonation waves in the non-linear dependence on the initiation pressure (or stimulus). Thus, a detonation wave starting at only a slight pressure P L or a low stimulus can be used only run around large radii R = R L as shown in FIG. 3 without risk of extinction. The higher the initiating pressure P or stimulus increases, the lower the radii R can be circulated.

Ein gleichartiger Zusammenhang ergibt sich auch, wenn anstelle des Krümmungsradius R die Laufstrecke L entsprechend Figur 1b (untere Hälfte) betrachtet wird. Die Anlaufstrecke I (vgl. Fig. 1b) zwischen zwei Barrieren 4b, 4c muß einerseits deutlich kleiner sein als der Wert LL, damit es bei dem Initiierdruck PL der Zündkette ZK1 mit niedrigem Stimulus, zu keinem Anlauf einer Detonation kommt. Die Anlaufstrecke hierzu beträgt LL. Andererseits soll die Strecke I etwas größer als der Wert LH sein, damit es bei dem höheren Initiierdruck PH der gegenüberliegenden Zündkette ZK2 zu einer sicheren Detonation kommt. Die Anlaufstrecke hierzu beträgt LH.A similar relationship also arises if, instead of the radius of curvature R, the running distance L is considered in accordance with FIG. 1b (lower half). The start-up distance I (see Fig. 1b) between two barriers 4b, 4c on the one hand must be significantly smaller than the value L L , so that there is no start of detonation at the initiating pressure P L of the ignition chain ZK1 with low stimulus. The starting distance for this is L L. On the other hand, the distance I should be slightly greater than the value L H , so that it comes at the higher initiating pressure P H of the opposite ignition ZK2 to a safe detonation. The starting distance for this is L H.

Claims (7)

  1. Explosive charge for a warhead which, besides the ignition chain (2) for detonative initiation of the explosive charge, has a further ignition chain (1) for deflagrative initiation, the explosive charge being constructed in a layered manner in the axial direction such that a first, third, etc. detonatively convertible explosive layer (3a, ..., d) is respectively followed by a second, fourth, etc. deflagratively convertible or inert layer (4a, ... c).
  2. Explosive charge for a warhead according to Claim 1, characterised in that the deflagrative initiation (1) takes place on a deflagratively convertible explosive layer (L3a).
  3. Explosive charge for a warhead according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the inert layer (4a, ..., c) is embodied as a mechanical damping layer.
  4. Explosive charge for a warhead according to Claim 3, characterised in that the mechanical damping layer (4a, ..., c) is composed of plastic or metal or a combination of both materials with a suitable thickness.
  5. Explosive charge for a warhead according to Claim 3, characterised in that the mechanical damping layer (4a, ... c) is composed of a foam layer.
  6. Explosive charge for a warhead according to one of Claims 3 to 5, characterised in that the inert layer (4a, ..., d) fills the cross-section of the explosive charge (3) completely, or only partially in the manner of a screen.
  7. Explosive charge for a warhead according to Claim 6, characterised in that successive screen-like inert layers (4a, ..., d) are arranged in the manner of a labyrinth offset with respect to one another.
EP01925500A 2000-03-25 2001-03-22 Explosive charge for a warhead Expired - Lifetime EP1269104B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2000115070 DE10015070B4 (en) 2000-03-25 2000-03-25 Explosive charge for a warhead
DE10015070 2000-03-25
PCT/EP2001/003290 WO2001073370A1 (en) 2000-03-25 2001-03-22 Explosive charge for a warhead

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EP1269104A1 EP1269104A1 (en) 2003-01-02
EP1269104B1 true EP1269104B1 (en) 2007-08-01

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EP (1) EP1269104B1 (en)
AU (1) AU2001252228A1 (en)
DE (2) DE10015070B4 (en)
NO (1) NO325007B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2001073370A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10125226C2 (en) * 2001-05-23 2003-11-27 Tdw Verteidigungstech Wirksys Explosive charge for a warhead
DE10222184B4 (en) * 2002-05-18 2005-06-09 TDW Gesellschaft für verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH warhead
DE102005031588B3 (en) * 2005-07-06 2007-01-11 TDW Gesellschaft für verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH Controllable charge of a warhead
EP2789965B1 (en) 2013-04-13 2015-07-15 Diehl BGT Defence GmbH & Co.KG Scalable explosive charge
EP2789964B1 (en) 2013-04-13 2015-07-15 Diehl BGT Defence GmbH & Co.KG Explosive charge for performing either the detonation, deflagration or detonation and deflagration of an explosive material
AT516929B1 (en) * 2015-03-10 2018-05-15 Hirtenberger Automotive Safety Gmbh & Co Kg Pyrotechnic gas generator
IL247736B (en) 2016-09-08 2020-11-30 Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd Explosive system

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US3136251A (en) * 1963-01-18 1964-06-09 Morris I Witow Electrically controlled directional warhead
DE2039131A1 (en) * 1970-08-06 1972-02-10 Dynamit Nobel Ag Defined dismantling of the envelope of an explosive device
US3853059A (en) * 1971-01-11 1974-12-10 Us Navy Configured blast fragmentation warhead
FR2561376B1 (en) * 1982-05-05 1987-04-30 Saint Louis Inst EXPLOSIVE FRAGMENTATION MACHINE
US4823701A (en) * 1984-09-28 1989-04-25 The Boeing Company Multi-point warhead initiation system
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Publication number Publication date
NO325007B1 (en) 2008-01-14
NO20024589D0 (en) 2002-09-25
EP1269104A1 (en) 2003-01-02
DE10015070A1 (en) 2001-10-11
AU2001252228A1 (en) 2001-10-08
WO2001073370A1 (en) 2001-10-04
NO20024589L (en) 2002-09-25
DE10015070B4 (en) 2005-05-04
DE50112790D1 (en) 2007-09-13

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