EP1252946B1 - Method for producing rotationally symmetric parts - Google Patents

Method for producing rotationally symmetric parts Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1252946B1
EP1252946B1 EP02002515A EP02002515A EP1252946B1 EP 1252946 B1 EP1252946 B1 EP 1252946B1 EP 02002515 A EP02002515 A EP 02002515A EP 02002515 A EP02002515 A EP 02002515A EP 1252946 B1 EP1252946 B1 EP 1252946B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
wall thickness
outer diameter
overall length
region
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EP02002515A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1252946A2 (en
EP1252946A3 (en
Inventor
Jochen Dr.-Ing. Ginsberg
Thomas Dr.-Ing. Muhr
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Muhr und Bender KG
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Muhr und Bender KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K21/00—Making hollow articles not covered by a single preceding sub-group
    • B21K21/12—Shaping end portions of hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
    • B21C37/15—Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
    • B21C37/16—Making tubes with varying diameter in longitudinal direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/06—Making machine elements axles or shafts
    • B21K1/12—Making machine elements axles or shafts of specially-shaped cross-section
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49945—Assembling or joining by driven force fit

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing rotationally symmetrical components from a pipe according to the preamble of claim 1 (see for example DE-A-1 804 673).
  • Rotationally symmetrical components which have different outer diameters and different wall thicknesses over their entire length, are used in particular in motor vehicles as drive shafts, camshafts, intermediate shafts or transmission shafts.
  • waves made of tubes so-called hollow waves, have been used for some time instead of shafts made of solid rods.
  • Tubes, in particular steel tubes are manufactured either in seamless design, d. H. made of solid material without longitudinal seam, or in welded design, d. H. made of bent sheet metal or steel strip with longitudinal seam.
  • Welded pipes are usually used for rotating components, since with seamless pipes the required concentricity can not always be ensured with sufficient certainty.
  • the production of seamless pipes is usually more expensive than the production of welded pipes.
  • the achievable in the end by the rotary swaging method wall thickness is not arbitrarily increased, but depends firstly on the outer diameter and the wall thickness of the original tube, on the other hand from the outer diameter of the end portion of the shaft (material conservation and volume constancy). If the end region is to have a particularly large wall thickness, it is necessary that the starting material, i. has the original tube, a sufficiently large wall thickness or a correspondingly large outer diameter. This can then lead to the fact that the wall thickness and / or the outer diameter of the original tube must be greater than the desired wall thickness behind or the outer diameter of the finished shaft in the center region. In the tube then not only the end portions must be processed by means of rotary swaging, but it must also be additionally reduced the center area by stripping both in its outer diameter and in its wall thickness.
  • welded pipes can not be made with any wall thickness or with any ratio of wall thickness to outside diameter.
  • the maximum ratio of wall thickness to outer diameter is about 1/7. If the pipe is to have an even greater wall thickness or, if the wall thickness remains the same, a smaller outer diameter, this is no longer possible simply by bending the sheet or strip steel and then welding it possible of the pipe. In such a case, a tube having a larger outer diameter and a smaller wall thickness must first be produced, ie bent and welded, which then has to be subsequently subjected to one or more drawing processes, thereby reducing the outer diameter and at the same time increasing the wall thickness of the tube.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method for producing a rotationally symmetrical component described above from a tube, which can be carried out as simply and therefore inexpensively.
  • a welded, non-redrawn tube is used as tube.
  • the production costs for the starting material, ie the tube can be significantly reduced.
  • the method according to the invention can be advantageously further developed in that the axial compression and the radial forging of the heated region of the tube in one setting respectively. If the tube does not have to be transferred from one machine to the other during the individual processing steps, shorter production times for the rotationally symmetrical component result, which likewise has a favorable effect on the production costs.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically the manufacturing sequence in the production of a shaft 1 with an over the total length L 1 varying outer diameter D and a varying wall thickness d according to a known from the prior art method, starting from a pipe 2.
  • the first two production steps relate to the production of the tube 2
  • the last two production steps relate to the production of the shaft 1 from the tube 2.
  • Fig. 1a shows a simple welded pipe 2 having an outer diameter D 1 and a wall thickness d 1.
  • the wall thickness d 1 corresponds to the thickness of the sheet or strip steel, from which the tube 2 has been bent.
  • Fig. 1b shows the tube 2 'after it has been pulled through a die or draw ring. By pulling the tube 2, this has an outer diameter D 2 ⁇ D 1 and a wall thickness d 2 > d 1 on this tube 2 'is dimensioned so that from a shaft 1 with an end portion 3 with the desired outer diameter D E and the desired Wall thickness d E can be produced by rotary swaging. At the same time, the tube points.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the method according to the invention for producing a shaft 1 on the basis of three production steps.
  • the first production step (FIG. 2 a) corresponds to the first production step (FIG. 1 a) in the method known from the prior art, namely, it shows a simply welded tube 2 with an outer diameter D 1 and a wall thickness d 1 .
  • the wall thickness d 1 of the tube 2 corresponds to the wall thickness d M of the middle region 4 of the finished shaft 1.
  • the outer diameter D 1 of the tube 2 also corresponds to the outer diameter D M of the middle region 4 of the shaft 1, so that the middle region 4 of the tube 2 or The shaft 1 does not have to be processed.
  • a simply welded, non-redrawn tube 2 is used as tube 2.
  • a processing step in the production of the tube 2, namely the pulling of the tube 2 can be saved.
  • Fig. 2b shows that in the end portion 3 partially heated tube 2 is axially compressed, so that the tube 2 has an overall length L 2 ⁇ L 1 .
  • the axial upsetting of the tube 2 leads to a thickening of the wall thickness in the end region 3.
  • the heated region of the tube 2, ie the end region 3 is processed by forging with a forging tool 5, whereby the desired external diameter D E is achieved.
  • a multistage outer diameter and wall thickness change in the end region 3 is achieved by a plurality of radial forging operations.
  • the end region 3 has an outer diameter D 2 ⁇ D 1 .
  • a mandrel is introduced into the tube 2 during the axial compression and the radial forging of the heated region.
  • the desired wall thickness d E of the shaft 1 is then determined. The fact that the tube 2 is partially heated, no or significantly reduced strain hardening processes occur, whereby a greater degree of deformation is possible.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)

Abstract

A tube with constant outer diameter and wall thickness is formed into a shaft with esp. smaller diameter and higher wall thickness. A tube with wall thickness corresponding to the smallest wall thickness of the finished part is partially heated, the heated section is axially upset, and radially forged. The tube is a welded not redrawn part. Upsetting and forging take place in a single working stage while a mandrel is inserted into at least a part of the tube.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von rotationssymmetrischen Bauteilen aus einem Rohr gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 (siehe z.B. DE-A-1 804 673).The invention relates to a method for producing rotationally symmetrical components from a pipe according to the preamble of claim 1 (see for example DE-A-1 804 673).

Rotationssymmetrische Bauteile, die über ihre Gesamtlänge unterschiedliche Außendurchmesser und unterschiedliche Wandstärken aufweisen, werden insbesondere bei Kraftfahrzeugen als Antriebswellen, Nockenwellen, Zwischenwellen oder Getriebewellen eingesetzt. Unter dem generell immer stärkere Beachtung findenden Gesichtpunkt der "Gewichtsreduzierung" werden seit einiger Zeit anstelle von aus Vollstäben hergestellten Wellen aus Rohren hergestellte Wellen, sogenannte Hohlwellen verwendet. Es gibt grundsätzlich zwei unterschiedliche Typen von Rohren, die sich auch in ihrem Herstellungsverfahren unterscheiden. Rohre, insbesondere Stahlrohre werden hergestellt entweder in nahtloser Ausführung, d. h. aus dem vollen Werkstoff ohne Längsnaht, oder in geschweißter Ausführung, d. h. aus gebogenem Blech oder Bandstahl mit Längsnaht. Für rotierende Bauteile werden meist geschweißte Rohre verwendet, da bei nahtlosen Rohren die erforderlichen Konzentrizität nicht immer ausreichend sicher gewährleistet werden kann. Darüber hinaus ist die Herstellung nahtloser Rohre in der Regel teurer als die Herstellung geschweißter Rohre.Rotationally symmetrical components, which have different outer diameters and different wall thicknesses over their entire length, are used in particular in motor vehicles as drive shafts, camshafts, intermediate shafts or transmission shafts. Among the more and more frequently considered aspects of "weight reduction", waves made of tubes, so-called hollow waves, have been used for some time instead of shafts made of solid rods. There are basically two different types of pipes, which also differ in their manufacturing process. Tubes, in particular steel tubes, are manufactured either in seamless design, d. H. made of solid material without longitudinal seam, or in welded design, d. H. made of bent sheet metal or steel strip with longitudinal seam. Welded pipes are usually used for rotating components, since with seamless pipes the required concentricity can not always be ensured with sufficient certainty. In addition, the production of seamless pipes is usually more expensive than the production of welded pipes.

Um nun die zuvor genannten rotationssymmetrischen Bauteile mit unterschiedlichen Außendurchmessern und Wandstärken herzustellen, gibt es - zumindest theoretisch - die Möglichkeit, mehrere Rohre mit unterschiedlichen, jeweils konstantem Außendurchmesser und konstanter Wandstärke zu einem Gesamtrohr mit dem gewünschten Außendurchmesser- und Wandstärkenverlauf zu verbinden. Derartige, aus mehreren Einzelrohren zusammengesetzte Rohre genügen jedoch in der Regel nicht den hohen mechanischen Anforderungen, denen Wellen im Betrieb ausgesetzt sind.In order to produce the above-mentioned rotationally symmetrical components with different outer diameters and wall thicknesses, there is the possibility - at least theoretically - of making several tubes with different, respectively constant outer diameters and constant wall thicknesses into a total tube with the desired outer diameter and wall thickness profile connect to. However, such, composed of several individual tubes pipes usually do not meet the high mechanical requirements, which waves are exposed during operation.

Im Stand der Technik werden daher, insbesondere im Kraftfahrzeugbereich, ausschließlich Monoblockwellen eingesetzt, d.h. solche Wellen, die aus einem einzigen Stück, im vorliegenden Fall aus einem einzigen Rohr, gefertigt sind. Die Welle wird dabei meist mit Hilfe des sogenannten Rundknetverfahrens bei Raumtemperatur aus dem Rohr hergestellt. In der Regel ist es gewünscht, daß die Welle in ihrem Mittenbereich eine möglichst geringe Wandstärke und in einem oder beiden Endbereichen einen geringeren Außendurchmesser und eine deutlich größere Wandstärke aufweist.In the prior art, therefore, especially in the automotive sector, exclusively monobloc waves are used, i. such waves, which are made of a single piece, in the present case of a single tube. The shaft is usually made with the aid of the so-called rotary swaging at room temperature from the tube. In general, it is desirable that the shaft in its central region has the smallest possible wall thickness and in one or both end regions has a smaller outer diameter and a significantly greater wall thickness.

Nun ist jedoch die im Endbereich durch das Rundknetverfahren erreichbare Wandstärke nicht beliebig vergrößerbar, sondern hängt zum einen von dem Außendurchmesser und der Wandstärke des ursprünglichen Rohres, zum anderen von dem Außendurchmesser des Endbereichs der Welle ab (Materialerhaltung bzw. Volumenkonstanz). Soll der Endbereich eine besonders große Wandstärke aufweisen, so ist es erforderlich, daß auch das Ausgangsmaterial, d.h. das ursprüngliche Rohr, eine ausreichend große Wandstärke oder einen entsprechend großen Außendurchmesser aufweist. Dies kann dann dazu führen, daß die Wandstärke und/oder der Außendurchmesser des ursprünglichen Rohres größer sein muß als die hinterher gewünschte Wandstärke bzw. der Außendurchmesser der fertigen Welle im Mittenbereich. Bei dem Rohr müssen dann nicht nur die Endbereiche mittels Rundkneten bearbeitet werden, sondern es muß zusätzlich auch noch der Mittenbereich durch Abstrecken sowohl in seinem Außendurchmesser als auch in seiner Wandstärke verringert werden.However, the achievable in the end by the rotary swaging method wall thickness is not arbitrarily increased, but depends firstly on the outer diameter and the wall thickness of the original tube, on the other hand from the outer diameter of the end portion of the shaft (material conservation and volume constancy). If the end region is to have a particularly large wall thickness, it is necessary that the starting material, i. has the original tube, a sufficiently large wall thickness or a correspondingly large outer diameter. This can then lead to the fact that the wall thickness and / or the outer diameter of the original tube must be greater than the desired wall thickness behind or the outer diameter of the finished shaft in the center region. In the tube then not only the end portions must be processed by means of rotary swaging, but it must also be additionally reduced the center area by stripping both in its outer diameter and in its wall thickness.

Ein weiteres Problem ergibt sich häufig dadurch, daß geschweißte Rohre nicht mit beliebiger Wandstärke bzw. mit einem beliebigen Verhältnis von Wandstärke zu Außendurchmesser hergestellt werden können. Dabei beträgt das maximale Verhältnis von Wandstärke zu Außendurchmesser etwa 1/7. Soll das Rohr eine noch größere Wandstärke oder bei gleichbleibender Wandstärke einen geringeren Außendurchmesser aufweisen, so ist dies nicht mehr durch einfaches Biegen des Blechs oder Bandstahls und anschließendem Schweißen des Rohres möglich. In einem solchen Fall muß zunächst ein Rohr mit einem größeren Außendurchmesser und einer kleineren Wandstärke hergestellt, d.h. gebogen und geschweißt werden, das dann anschließend einem oder mehreren Ziehprozessen unterzogen werden muß, wodurch der Außendurchmesser verringert und gleichzeitig die Wandstärke des Rohres vergrößert wird. Sind mehrere Ziehprozesse zur Erreichung des gewünschten Rohres erforderlich, so ist zwischen den einzelnen Ziehprozessen in der Regel eine Wärmebehandlung des Rohres erforderlich. Durch die zusätzlichen Bearbeitungsschritte bei der Herstellung des Rohres ergibt sich für sogenannte "gezogene" Rohre ein deutlich höherer Preis als für nur einfach geschweißte Rohre, wobei der Mehrpreis für "gezogene" Rohr bis zu ca. 30 % beträgt.Another problem often results from the fact that welded pipes can not be made with any wall thickness or with any ratio of wall thickness to outside diameter. The maximum ratio of wall thickness to outer diameter is about 1/7. If the pipe is to have an even greater wall thickness or, if the wall thickness remains the same, a smaller outer diameter, this is no longer possible simply by bending the sheet or strip steel and then welding it possible of the pipe. In such a case, a tube having a larger outer diameter and a smaller wall thickness must first be produced, ie bent and welded, which then has to be subsequently subjected to one or more drawing processes, thereby reducing the outer diameter and at the same time increasing the wall thickness of the tube. If several drawing processes are required to achieve the desired tube, a heat treatment of the tube is usually required between the individual drawing processes. The additional processing steps in the production of the tube results in a much higher price for so-called "drawn" tubes than for simply welded tubes, whereby the additional price for "drawn" tube is up to about 30%.

Im Stand der Technik erfordert das Herstellen eines eingangs beschriebenen rotationssymmetrischen Bauteiles aus einem Rohr somit folgende Schritte:

  • Herstellung eines geschweißten Rohres mit einem Außendurchmesser D1 und einer Wandstärke d1,
  • Herstellen eines Rohres mit einem Außendurchmesser D2 < D1 und einer Wandstärke d2 > d1 durch einen oder mehrere Ziehprozesse,
  • Abstrecken eines Bereichs, vorzugsweise des Mittenbereichs, des Rohres, so daß das Rohr in diesem Bereich einen Außendurchmesser DM ≤ D2 und eine Wandstärke dM < d2 aufweist und
  • Bearbeiten mindestens eines Bereiches, vorzugsweise eines Endbereiches, des Rohres mittels Rundkneten bei Raumtemperatur, so daß in diesem Bereich das Rohr einen Außendurchmesser DR < D2 und eine Wandstärke dR > d2 aufweist.
In the prior art, the production of an initially described rotationally symmetrical component from a tube thus requires the following steps:
  • Production of a welded tube with an outer diameter D 1 and a wall thickness d 1 ,
  • Producing a tube having an outer diameter D 2 <D 1 and a wall thickness d 2 > d 1 by one or more drawing processes,
  • Stretching a range, preferably the central region of the tube, so that the tube in this area has an outer diameter D M ≤ D 2 and a wall thickness d M <d 2 , and
  • Working at least one area, preferably an end portion, of the tube by means of rotary swaging at room temperature, so that in this area the tube has an outer diameter D R <D 2 and a wall thickness d R > d 2 .

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines eingangs beschriebenen rotationssymmetrischen Bauteiles aus einem Rohr anzugeben, welches möglichst einfach und damit kostengünstig durchgeführt werden kann.The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method for producing a rotationally symmetrical component described above from a tube, which can be carried out as simply and therefore inexpensively.

Diese Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß zunächst und im wesentlichen durch ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 gelöst.This object is achieved according to the invention first and essentially by a method according to claim 1.

Erfindungsgemäß wird als Rohr ein geschweißtes, nicht nachgezogenes Rohr verwendet Dadurch können - wie weiter oben ausgeführt - die Herstellungskosten für das Ausgangsmaterial d.h. das Rohr deutlich reduziert werden. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren läßt sich dadurch vorteilhafterweise weitergestalten, daß das axiale Stauchen und das radiale Schmieden des erwärmten Bereiches des Rohres in einer Aufspannung erfolgen. Muß das Rohr bei den einzelnen Bearbeitungsschritten nicht von einer Maschine auf die andere umgespannt werden, so ergeben sich kürzere Herstellungszeiten für das rotationssymmetrische Bauteil, was sich ebenfalls günstig auf die Herstellungskosten auswirkt.According to the invention, a welded, non-redrawn tube is used as tube. As a result, as has been stated above, the production costs for the starting material, ie the tube, can be significantly reduced. The method according to the invention can be advantageously further developed in that the axial compression and the radial forging of the heated region of the tube in one setting respectively. If the tube does not have to be transferred from one machine to the other during the individual processing steps, shorter production times for the rotationally symmetrical component result, which likewise has a favorable effect on the production costs.

Im einzelnen gibt es nun eine Vielzahl von Möglichkeiten, das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren auszugestalten und weiterzubilden. Dazu wird verwiesen auf die dem Patentanspruch 1 nachgeordneten Patentansprüche, andererseits auf die Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels in Verbindung mit der Zeichnung. In der Zeichnung zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Welle, dargestellt in verschiedenen Fertiwngsstufen bei einem aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Verfahren, und
Fig. 2
eine Welle, dargestellt in verschiedenen Fertigungsstufen bei einer bevorzugten Ausführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.
In particular, there are a variety of ways to design and develop the inventive method. Reference is made to the claims subordinate to claim 1, on the other hand the description of an embodiment in conjunction with the drawing. In the drawing show:
Fig. 1
a shaft, shown in various stages of manufacture in a method known from the prior art, and
Fig. 2
a shaft, shown in various stages of production in a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention.

Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch die Fertigungsfolge bei der Herstellung einer Welle 1 mit einem über die Gesamtlänge L1 variierenden Außendurchmesser D und einer variierenden Wandstärke d gemäß einem aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Verfahren, ausgehend von einem Rohr 2. Von den insgesamt dargestellten vier Fertigungsschritten betreffen die beiden ersten Fertigungsschritte (Fig. 1a und 1b) die Herstellung des Rohres 2, während die beiden letzten Fertigungsschritte (Fig. 1c und 1d) die Herstellung der Welle 1 aus dem Rohr 2 betreffen.Fig. 1 shows schematically the manufacturing sequence in the production of a shaft 1 with an over the total length L 1 varying outer diameter D and a varying wall thickness d according to a known from the prior art method, starting from a pipe 2. Of the four manufacturing steps shown in total The first two production steps (FIGS. 1 a and 1 b) relate to the production of the tube 2, while the last two production steps (FIGS. 1 c and 1 d) relate to the production of the shaft 1 from the tube 2.

Fig. 1a zeigt ein einfach geschweißtes Rohr 2 mit einem Außendurchmesser D1 und einer Wandstärke d1. Die Wandstärke d1 entspricht dabei der Dicke des Bleches oder des Bandstahls, aus dem das Rohr 2 gebogen worden ist. Fig. 1b zeigt das Rohr 2', nachdem es durch eine Ziehdüse oder einen Ziehring gezogen worden ist. Durch das Ziehen des Rohres 2 weist dieses einen Außendurchmesser D2 < D1 und eine Wandstärke d2 > d1 auf Dieses Rohr 2' ist so dimensioniert, daß daraus eine Welle 1 mit einem Endbereich 3 mit dem gewünschten Außendurchmesser DE und der gewünschten Wandstärke dE durch Rundkneten hergestellt werden kann. Gleichzeitig weist das Rohr. 2' jedoch einen Außendurchmesser D2 und eine Wandstärke d2 auf, die jeweils größer sind als der Außendurchmesser DM und die Wandstärke dM des Mittenbereichs 4 der Welle 1. Somit ist es bei der Herstellung der Welle 1 aus dem Rohr 2' zunächst erforderlich, den Mittenbereich 4 abzustrecken, um den gewünschten Außendurchmesser DM und die gewünschte Wandstärke dM zu erreichen. Hierfür wird in das Rohr 2' ein - hier nicht dargestellter - Dorn mit einem entsprechenden Außendurchmesser eingeschoben und anschließend das Rohr 2' in seinem Mittenbereich 4 von außen hämmernd bearbeitet (vgl. Fig. 1c). Als letztes wird bei der Welle 1 der Endbereich 3 mit Hilfe des Rundknetverfahrens bearbeitet, so daß der Endbereich 3 den gewünschten -in Fig. 1d dargestellten - Außendurchmesser- und Wandstärkenverlauf aufweist.Fig. 1a shows a simple welded pipe 2 having an outer diameter D 1 and a wall thickness d 1. The wall thickness d 1 corresponds to the thickness of the sheet or strip steel, from which the tube 2 has been bent. Fig. 1b shows the tube 2 'after it has been pulled through a die or draw ring. By pulling the tube 2, this has an outer diameter D 2 <D 1 and a wall thickness d 2 > d 1 on this tube 2 'is dimensioned so that from a shaft 1 with an end portion 3 with the desired outer diameter D E and the desired Wall thickness d E can be produced by rotary swaging. At the same time, the tube points. 2 'but an outer diameter D 2 and a wall thickness d 2 , which are each greater than the outer diameter D M and the wall thickness d M of the central region 4 of the shaft 1. Thus, it is in the manufacture of the shaft 1 from the tube 2' first required to line the center area 4 in order to achieve the desired outside diameter D M and the desired wall thickness d M. For this purpose, a mandrel with a corresponding outer diameter is inserted into the tube 2 '- not shown here, and then the tube 2' is hammered from the outside in its central region 4 (see FIG. 1c). Finally, in the case of the shaft 1, the end region 3 is formed by means of the rotary swaging method machined so that the end portion 3 has the desired - shown in Figure 1d - outside diameter and wall thickness profile.

Die Herstellung einer Welle 1 gemäß dem zuvor beschriebenen bekannten Verfahren ist dadurch besonders aufwendig und damit kostenintensiv, daß zunächst das Rohr 2' in mehreren Verfahrensschritten hergestellt werden muß, nämlich außer dem eigentlichen Biegen und Schweißen zusätzlich einem oder mehreren Ziehvorgängen und damit verbunden zusätzlich einem oder mehreren Wärmebehandlungen unterzogen werden muß. Anschließend muß zur Herstellung der Welle 1 aus dem Rohr 2' sowohl der Mittenbereich 4 als auch der Endbereich 3 bearbeitet werden, nämlich der Mittenbereich 4 mittels Abstrecken und der Endbereich 3 mittels Rundkneten verformt werden. Das Rundknetverfahren bei Raumtemperatur hat darüber hinaus den Nachteil, daß aufgrund der Kaltverfestigung nur relativ geringe Umformungsgrade erreichbar sind.The preparation of a shaft 1 according to the known method described above is thereby particularly costly and thus expensive that first the tube 2 'must be prepared in several steps, namely in addition to the actual bending and welding additionally one or more drawing operations and, in addition, one or several heat treatments must be subjected. Subsequently, in order to produce the shaft 1, both the center region 4 and the end region 3 must be machined out of the tube 2 ', namely the middle region 4 is deformed by means of stretching and the end region 3 by means of rotary swaging. The rotary swaging at room temperature has the additional disadvantage that only relatively small degrees of deformation can be achieved due to the work hardening.

Das in Fig.1 dargestelle Rohr 2 bzw. die dargestellte Welle 1 weist in den einzelnen Fertigungsschritten beispielsweise folgende Außendurchmesser D und Wandstärken d auf: D1 = 60 mm, d1 = 4,0 mm D2 = 50 mm, d2 = 4,5 mm DM = 40 mm, dM = 3,5 mm DE = 26 mm, dE = 8,0 mm The pipe 2 shown in FIG. 1 or the shaft 1 shown has the following outer diameters D and wall thicknesses d in the individual production steps, for example: D 1 = 60 mm, d 1 = 4.0 mm D 2 = 50 mm, d 2 = 4.5 mm D M = 40 mm, d M = 3.5 mm D E = 26 mm, d E = 8.0 mm

Die Fig. 2 zeigt demgegenüber eine Ausführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zur Herstellung einer Welle 1 anhand von drei Fertigungsschritten. Der erste Fertigungsschritt (Fig. 2a) entspricht dem ersten Fertigungsschritt (Fig. 1a) bei dem aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Verfahren, er zeigt nämlich ein einfach geschweißtes Rohr 2 mit einem Außendurchmesser D1 und einer Wandstärke d1. Die Wandstärke d1 des Rohres 2 entspricht der Wandstärke dM des Mittenbereichs 4 der fertigen Welle 1 Darüber hinaus entspricht auch der Außendurchmesser D1 des Rohres 2 dem Außendurchmesser DM des Mittenbereichs 4 der Welle 1, so daß der Mittenbereich 4 des Rohres 2 bzw. der Welle 1 nicht bearbeitet werden muß.In contrast, FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the method according to the invention for producing a shaft 1 on the basis of three production steps. The first production step (FIG. 2 a) corresponds to the first production step (FIG. 1 a) in the method known from the prior art, namely, it shows a simply welded tube 2 with an outer diameter D 1 and a wall thickness d 1 . The wall thickness d 1 of the tube 2 corresponds to the wall thickness d M of the middle region 4 of the finished shaft 1. In addition, the outer diameter D 1 of the tube 2 also corresponds to the outer diameter D M of the middle region 4 of the shaft 1, so that the middle region 4 of the tube 2 or The shaft 1 does not have to be processed.

Erfindungsgemäß wird als Rohr 2 ein einfach geschweißtes, nicht nachgezogenes Rohr 2 verwendet . Dadurch kann bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ein Bearbeitungsschritt bei der Herstellung des Rohres 2, nämlich das Ziehen des Rohres 2 eingespart werden.According to the invention, a simply welded, non-redrawn tube 2 is used as tube 2. As a result, in the method according to the invention a processing step in the production of the tube 2, namely the pulling of the tube 2 can be saved.

Fig. 2b zeigt, daß das im Endbereich 3 partiell erwärmte Rohr 2 axial gestaucht wird, so daß das Rohr 2 eine Gesamtlänge L2 < L1 aufweist. Das axiale Stauchen des Rohres 2 führt zu einer Wandstärkenverdickung im Endbereich 3. Zusätzlich zum axialen Stauchen wird der erwärmte Bereich des Rohres 2, d.h. der Endbereich 3, durch radiales Schmieden mit einem Schmiedewerkzeug 5 bearbeitet, wodurch der gewünschte Außendurchmesser DE erreicht wird. Eine mehrstufige Außendurchmesser- und Wandstärkenveränderung im Endbereich 3 wird durch mehrere radiale Schmiedvorgänge erreicht In einem ersten Zwischenschritt weist der Endbereich 3 einen Außendurchmesser D2 < D1 auf.Fig. 2b shows that in the end portion 3 partially heated tube 2 is axially compressed, so that the tube 2 has an overall length L 2 <L 1 . The axial upsetting of the tube 2 leads to a thickening of the wall thickness in the end region 3. In addition to the axial compression, the heated region of the tube 2, ie the end region 3, is processed by forging with a forging tool 5, whereby the desired external diameter D E is achieved. A multistage outer diameter and wall thickness change in the end region 3 is achieved by a plurality of radial forging operations. In a first intermediate step, the end region 3 has an outer diameter D 2 <D 1 .

Zur Erzielung des gewünschten Innendurchmesserverlaufs im Endbereich 3 wird während des axialen Stauchens und des radialen Schmiedens des erwärmten Bereichs ein Dorn in das Rohr 2 eingeführt. Durch die Wahl des Außendurchmessers des Domes wird dann auch die gewünschte Wandstärke dE der Welle 1 festgelegt. Dadurch, daß das Rohr 2 partiell erwärmt wird, treten keine bzw. deutlich verringerte Kaltverfestigungsprozesse auf, wodurch ein größerer Umformungsgrad möglich ist.To achieve the desired inner diameter curve in the end region 3, a mandrel is introduced into the tube 2 during the axial compression and the radial forging of the heated region. By choosing the outer diameter of the dome, the desired wall thickness d E of the shaft 1 is then determined. The fact that the tube 2 is partially heated, no or significantly reduced strain hardening processes occur, whereby a greater degree of deformation is possible.

Das in Fig.2 dargestelle Rohr 2 bzw. die dargestellte Welle 1 weist in den einzelnen Fertigungsschritten beispielsweise folgende Außendurchmesser D und Wandstärken d auf: D1 = DM = 40 mm, d1 = dM = 3,5 mm D2 = 30 mm, d2 = 7,0 mm DE = 26 mm, dE = 8,0 mm The illustrated in Figure 2 pipe 2 and the shaft 1 shown has, for example, the following outer diameter D and wall thicknesses d in the individual manufacturing steps: D 1 = D M = 40 mm, d 1 = d M = 3.5 mm D 2 = 30 mm, d 2 = 7.0 mm D E = 26 mm, d E = 8.0 mm

Claims (4)

  1. Method for producing a rotationally symmetrical component from a tube (2), in particular a hollow monobloc shaft, the tube (2) having at the beginning a constant initial outer diameter, a constant initial wall thickness and an overall length (L1), and the rotationally symmetrical component having an overall length (L2) and, at least over a region of its overall length (L2), a final outer diameter that differs from, is smaller than the initial outer diameter and/or a final wall thickness that differs from, is greater than the initial wall thickness, with the following method steps :
    use of a tube (2) with a wall thickness which corresponds to the smallest wall thickness of the finished component,
    partial heating, at least of a region of the tube (2),
    axial upsetting of the heated region of the tube (2) and
    radial forging of the heated region of the tube (2),
    the axial upsetting and the radial forging of the heated region of the tube (2) taking place in one working step,
    the overall length (L2) of the rotationally symmetrical component being less than the overall length (L1) of the tube (2)
    and the length reduction of the rotationally symmetrical component from the overall length (L1) of the tube (2) to the overall length (L2) of the rotationally symmetrical component being brought about by the axial upsetting,
    characterized
    in that a welded, not redrawn tube (2) is used.
  2. Method according to Claim. 1, characterized in that the axial upsetting and the radial forging of the heated region of the tube (2) take place, at one setting.
  3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, during the axial upsetting and/or during the radial forging of the heated region of the tube (2) a mandrel is inserted at least into part of the heated region.
  4. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the tube (2) has an outer diameter which corresponds to the greatest outer diameter of the finished component.
EP02002515A 2001-04-25 2002-02-02 Method for producing rotationally symmetric parts Expired - Lifetime EP1252946B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE10120392A DE10120392B4 (en) 2001-04-25 2001-04-25 Process for producing rotationally symmetrical components
DE10120392 2001-04-25

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EP1252946A2 EP1252946A2 (en) 2002-10-30
EP1252946A3 EP1252946A3 (en) 2003-10-08
EP1252946B1 true EP1252946B1 (en) 2006-04-12

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EP (1) EP1252946B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2002321035A (en)
AT (1) ATE322949T1 (en)
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20020160844A1 (en) 2002-10-31
EP1252946A2 (en) 2002-10-30
US7275407B2 (en) 2007-10-02
DE10120392B4 (en) 2004-09-23
ATE322949T1 (en) 2006-04-15
DE50206354D1 (en) 2006-05-24
EP1252946A3 (en) 2003-10-08
JP2002321035A (en) 2002-11-05
DE10120392A1 (en) 2002-10-31

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