EP1240652B1 - Method for producing rod-shaped permanent magnets - Google Patents
Method for producing rod-shaped permanent magnets Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1240652B1 EP1240652B1 EP00985202A EP00985202A EP1240652B1 EP 1240652 B1 EP1240652 B1 EP 1240652B1 EP 00985202 A EP00985202 A EP 00985202A EP 00985202 A EP00985202 A EP 00985202A EP 1240652 B1 EP1240652 B1 EP 1240652B1
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- pressed parts
- permanent magnets
- pressed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/02—Permanent magnets [PM]
- H01F7/0205—Magnetic circuits with PM in general
- H01F7/021—Construction of PM
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49009—Dynamoelectric machine
- Y10T29/49012—Rotor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/4902—Electromagnet, transformer or inductor
- Y10T29/49075—Electromagnet, transformer or inductor including permanent magnet or core
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing permanent magnets, especially of rod-shaped permanent magnets.
- Permanent magnets of this type are required for motors and generators. They typically have a diameter between 10 and 50 mm and a length between 20 and 200 mm.
- the preferred magnetic direction of these permanent magnets can be axial or diametrical direction.
- EB-A-0 124 655 describes the basic features of a manufacturing process for permanent magnets based on rare earths, Known iron and boron. In the known method, first of all a melted alloy based on rare Earth, iron and boron pulverized and then in the magnetic field Green compacts pressed, which are then sintered.
- tablet-shaped pressed parts are particularly good pressed with a ratio of diameter to length close to 1 become. After sintering, they become these green compacts created permanent magnets first ground. The permanent magnets are then glued together so that their magnetic Preferred direction points in the same direction. To this Purpose it is necessary to stick the permanent magnets align with great accuracy. The required surface grinding, aligning and gluing the permanent magnets lead to high labor costs. Alignment in particular the permanent magnet requires a lot of work or time Devices.
- rod-shaped permanent magnets in one Piece Another option is rod-shaped permanent magnets in one Piece.
- the pressing of a long, rod-shaped Permanent magenta in the direction of its axis leads to more uneven Press density and the resulting large dimensional deviations.
- special presses with large Hub required, which due to the large distances only low cycle speeds can realize.
- the rod-shaped magnet perpendicular to its axis ("lying") to press.
- a suitable raw form for example a rounded cuboid shape can be pressed.
- the side faces of the Raw shape must be reground to create a circular shape To achieve cross-section, which is very expensive.
- the invention is based on this prior art the task is to create a method with which in particular Rod-shaped permanent magnets on simple and inexpensive Can be manufactured in this way.
- rod-shaped permanent magnets with good magnetic homogeneity are created.
- the method advantageously requires neither a complex grinding of finished permanent magnets tedious positioning of individual parts.
- the invention The process is therefore compared to conventional manufacturing processes much easier and cheaper.
- Figure 1 shows a rod-shaped permanent magnet 1, the several pressed parts 2 is assembled.
- Such permanent magnets 1 are required for motors and generators and show typically a diameter between 10 and 50 mm and a length between 20 and 200 mm.
- the permanent magnets 1 either have an axial magnetic preferred direction 3 or a diametrical magnetic preferred direction 4.
- the elevations 6 are preferably so formed that the diametrical magnetic preferred direction 4th the pressing parts 2 points in the same direction when the pressing parts 2 can be placed on top of each other.
- Figures 3 and 4 show cross sections through possible embodiments of the pressed parts 2. It can be clearly seen that next to the elevation 6 on the top 5 on a bottom 7 a recess 8 complementary to the elevation 6 is formed is, so that the pressed parts 2 are assembled seamlessly can.
- the elevation 6 and the depression 8 are preferred tapered to ensure trouble-free joining of the pressed parts 2 to enable.
- the dimensions of the recesses 8 and ridges 6 are chosen so that there is a joint gap of usual 0.05 mm results.
- permanent magnets 1 For the manufacture of permanent magnets 1 is generally first a rare earth alloy melted and then pulverized. Pressed parts are pressed from the powder. To set a magnetic preferred direction the pressing process in the presence of an external magnetic field. Then the pressed parts 2 are assembled and sintered at temperatures above 800 ° C. In case of Permanent magnets based on Nd-Fe-B are formed along the Top 5 and bottom 7 a liquid phase from the in the solidified state, the pressed parts 2 connects. In everyone Trap comes through during the sintering of the permanent magnets Diffusion to connect the individual parts to each other, if there was good contact between the compacts.
- a particularly good coincidence can be supported by the Achieve gravity when the stacked rod-shaped permanent magnet 1 is sintered standing.
- Permanent magnet 1 After sintering with known liquid plastics, such as B. vacuum or pressure impregnated methacrylate become. The plastic fills any pores and gaps and hardens after the permanent magnet 1 with the plastic has been soaked.
- liquid plastics such as B. vacuum or pressure impregnated methacrylate
- the method described here has a number of advantages on.
- the permanent magnet 1 Compared to rod-shaped permanent magnets that are glued of sintered parts are, the permanent magnet 1 has a much higher strength on, since the pressed parts 2 are uniform after sintering form a solid body.
- the method is inexpensive because the pressed parts 2 through the appropriately trained elevations 6 and depressions 8 can be positioned and that for a good adhesive bond required surface grinding of the top 5 and the Bottom 7 is omitted. On the contrary, it is even for a firm Sintered connection is advantageous if the top 5 and the bottom 7 are roughened.
- the pressed parts 2 are pressed individually, is sufficient for that Pressing the pressed parts 2 a tool with dimensions in the Size of the dimensions of the pressed parts 2.
- the magnetic field can be tools with little effort be kept homogeneous.
- the permanent magnets 1 in magnetic Respects much more homogeneous. You can also use this described method permanent magnet 1 with almost any Ratio of diameter to length.
- Nd-Fe-B powder becomes blanks in a magnetic field with a diameter of 22 mm and a height of 10 mm pressed using a pressure of 250 MPa. Each four blanks are stacked on top of each other to form a green compact and standing sintered at 1100 ° C in a vacuum for 1 hour. After this However, sintering was not connected to 60% of the finished sintered bodies. The rest of the sintered body could be through one Slightly separate the blow.
- the present description of the method is exemplary; in particular, the joining of the pressed parts 2 should not be limited to rod-shaped magnets.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Dauermagneten, insbesondere von stabförmigen Dauermagneten.The invention relates to a method for producing permanent magnets, especially of rod-shaped permanent magnets.
Derartige Dauermagnete werden für Motoren und Generatoren benötigt. Sie weisen typischerweise einen Durchmesser zwischen 10 und 50 mm und eine Länge zwischen 20 und 200 mm auf. Die magnetische Vorzugsrichtung dieser Dauermagnete kann in axiale oder diametrale Richtung verlaufen. Die herkömmliche Fertigung dieser Magnete mit vorzugsweise diametraler Vorzugsrichtung erfordert bislang einen hohen Aufwand.Permanent magnets of this type are required for motors and generators. They typically have a diameter between 10 and 50 mm and a length between 20 and 200 mm. The The preferred magnetic direction of these permanent magnets can be axial or diametrical direction. The conventional manufacturing this magnet with preferably diametrical preferred direction So far requires a lot of effort.
Aus der EB-A-0 124 655 sind Grundzüge eines Herstellungsverfahrens für Dauermagnete auf der Basis von Seltenen Erden, Eisen und Bor bekannt. In dem bekannten Verfahren wird zunächst eine erschmolzene Legierung auf der Basis von Seltenen Erden, Eisen und Bor pulverisiert und dann im Magnetfeld zu Grünlingen gepreßt, die danach gesintert werden.EB-A-0 124 655 describes the basic features of a manufacturing process for permanent magnets based on rare earths, Known iron and boron. In the known method, first of all a melted alloy based on rare Earth, iron and boron pulverized and then in the magnetic field Green compacts pressed, which are then sintered.
Preßtechnisch können besonders gut tablettenförmige Preßteile mit einem Verhältnis von Durchmesser zu Länge nahe 1 gepreßt werden. Nach dem Sintern werden die aus diesen Grünlingen entstandenen Dauermagnete zunächst geschliffen. Die Dauermagnete werden anschließend so zusammengeklebt, daß ihre magnetische Vorzugsrichtung in die gleiche Richtung weist. Zu diesem Zweck ist es erforderlich, die Dauermagnete beim Kleben mit großer Genauigkeit auszurichten. Das erforderliche Flachschleifen, das Ausrichten und das Kleben der Dauermagnete führen zu hohen Arbeitskosten. Insbesondere das Ausrichten der Dauermagnete erfordert viel Arbeitszeit oder aufwendige Vorrichtungen.In terms of compression technology, tablet-shaped pressed parts are particularly good pressed with a ratio of diameter to length close to 1 become. After sintering, they become these green compacts created permanent magnets first ground. The permanent magnets are then glued together so that their magnetic Preferred direction points in the same direction. To this Purpose it is necessary to stick the permanent magnets align with great accuracy. The required surface grinding, aligning and gluing the permanent magnets lead to high labor costs. Alignment in particular the permanent magnet requires a lot of work or time Devices.
Eine andere Möglichkeit ist, stabförmige Dauermagnete in einem Stück zu pressen. Das Pressen eines langen, stabförmigen Dauermagenten in Richtung seiner Achse führt jedoch zu ungleichmäßiger Preßdichte und daraus resultierend großen Maßabweichungen. Außerdem werden spezielle Pressen mit großem Hub benötigt, die wegen der großen Wege nur geringe Taktgeschwindigkeiten realisieren können. Alternativ wäre es möglich, den stabförmigen Magneten senkrecht zu seiner Achse ("liegend") zu pressen. Da es jedoch in diesem Fall nicht möglich ist, einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt durch Pressen herzustellen, muß eine geeignete Rohform, beispielsweise eine abgerundete Quaderform gepreßt werden. Die Seitenflächen der Rohform müssen nachgeschliffen werden, um einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt zu erzielen, was sehr aufwendig ist. Außerdem ist es bei großen Längen sehr schwierig, ein über die gesamte Länge des Grünlings homogenes Querfeld zu erzeugen und damit ein magnetisch homogenes Teil herzustellen.Another option is rod-shaped permanent magnets in one Piece. The pressing of a long, rod-shaped Permanent magenta in the direction of its axis, however, leads to more uneven Press density and the resulting large dimensional deviations. In addition, special presses with large Hub required, which due to the large distances only low cycle speeds can realize. Alternatively, it would be possible the rod-shaped magnet perpendicular to its axis ("lying") to press. However, since it is not in this case is possible to press a circular cross section To produce, a suitable raw form, for example a rounded cuboid shape can be pressed. The side faces of the Raw shape must be reground to create a circular shape To achieve cross-section, which is very expensive. Besides, is it is very difficult with long lengths, one over the entire length Length of the green body to produce a homogeneous transverse field and thus to produce a magnetically homogeneous part.
Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Dauermagneten durch das Zusamenfügen von Pressteilen ist aus US 3 892 598 oder aus US 4 818 305 bekannt.A method of making permanent magnets by joining them together of pressed parts is known from US 3,892,598 or US 4,818,305.
Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zu schaffen, mit dem insbesondere stabförmige Dauermagnete auf einfache und kostengünstige Weise herstellbar sind.The invention is based on this prior art the task is to create a method with which in particular Rod-shaped permanent magnets on simple and inexpensive Can be manufactured in this way.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Verfahren mit
den in Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen gelöst.This object is achieved by a method with
solved the features specified in
Bei dem Verfahren gemäß der Erfindung werden bereits die Preßteile und nicht die fertigen Sinterteile aufeinandergesetzt und durch Sintern fest untereinander verbunden. Dadurch entstehen stabförmige Dauermagnete mit guter magnetischer Homogenität. Das Verfahren erfordert vorteilhafterweise weder ein aufwendiges Schleifen von fertigen Dauermagneten noch ein mühsames Positionieren von Einzelteilen. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist daher im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Herstellungsverfahren wesentlich einfacher und kostengünstiger.In the method according to the invention, the Pressed parts and not the finished sintered parts and firmly connected to one another by sintering. Thereby rod-shaped permanent magnets with good magnetic homogeneity are created. The method advantageously requires neither a complex grinding of finished permanent magnets tedious positioning of individual parts. The invention The process is therefore compared to conventional manufacturing processes much easier and cheaper.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des Verfahrens sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche. Further advantageous refinements of the method are the subject of the dependent claims.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung näher anhand der beigefügten Zeichnung erläutert. Es zeigen:
Figur 1- eine perspektivische Ansicht eines mit dem Verfahren gemäß der Erfindung hergestellten stabförmigen Dauermagneten;
Figur 2- eine Draufsicht auf ein Preßteil, das zu einem stabförmigen Dauermagneten zusammengebaut werden kann;
- Figur 3
- einen Querschnitt durch ein weiteres Preßteil; und
- Figur 4
- einen Querschnitt durch ein weiteres abgewandeltes Preßteil.
- Figure 1
- a perspective view of a rod-shaped permanent magnet produced by the method according to the invention;
- Figure 2
- a plan view of a pressed part that can be assembled into a rod-shaped permanent magnet;
- Figure 3
- a cross section through a further pressed part; and
- Figure 4
- a cross section through another modified pressed part.
Figur 1 zeigt einen stabförmigen Dauermagneten 1, der aus
mehreren Preßteilen 2 zusammengefügt ist. Derartige Dauermagnete
1 werden für Motoren und Generatoren benötigt und weisen
typischerweise einen Durchmesser zwischen 10 und 50 mm
und eine Länge zwischen 20 und 200 mm auf. Die Dauermagnete 1
weisen entweder eine axiale magnetische Vorzugsrichtung 3
oder eine diametrale magnetische Vorzugsrichtung 4 auf.Figure 1 shows a rod-shaped
Wie insbesondere in Figur 1 sowie Figur 2 erkennbar ist, weisen
die Preßteile 2 auf einer Oberseite 5 Erhöhungen 6 auf.
Falls die Preßteile 2 eine diametrale magnetische Vorzugsrichtung
4 aufweisen, sind die Erhöhungen 6 vorzugsweise so
ausgebildet, daß die diametrale magnetische Vorzugsrichtung 4
der Preßteile 2 in die gleiche Richtung weist, wenn die Preßteile
2 aufeinandergesetzt werden.As can be seen in particular in FIGS. 1 and 2, point
the pressed
Die Figuren 3 und 4 zeigen Querschnitte durch mögliche Ausführungsformen
der Preßteile 2. Deutlich erkennbar ist, daß
neben der Erhöhung 6 auf der Oberseite 5 auf einer Unterseite
7 eine zur Erhöhung 6 komplementäre Vertiefung 8 ausgebildet
ist, so daß die Preßteile 2 fugenlos zusammengesetzt werden
können. Die Erhöhung 6 und die Vertiefung 8 sind vorzugsweise
konisch ausgebildet, um ein problemloses Fügen der Preßteile
2 zu ermöglichen. Die Abmessungen der Vertiefungen 8 und Erhöhungen
6 sind so gewählt, daß sich ein Fügespalt von üblicherweise
0,05 mm ergibt.Figures 3 and 4 show cross sections through possible embodiments
of the pressed
Zur Herstellung der Dauermagnete 1 wird im allgemeinen zunächst
eine Selten-Erd-haltige Legierung erschmolzen und anschließend
pulverisiert. Aus dem Pulver werden Preßteile gepreßt.
Zur Einstellung einer magnetischen Vorzugsrichtung erfolgt
der Preßvorgang in Anwesenheit eines äußeren Magnetfelds.
Anschließend werden die Preßteile 2 zusammengefügt und
bei Temperaturen oberhalb von 800°C gesintert. Im Falle der
Dauermagnete auf Basis von Nd-Fe-B bildet sich entlang der
Oberseiten 5 und Unterseiten 7 eine flüssige Phase aus, die
im erstarrten Zustand die Preßteile 2 verbindet. Im jeden
Falle kommt es während der Sinterung der Dauermagnete durch
Diffusion zu einer Verbindung der Einzelteile untereinander,
sofern ein guter Kontakt der Preßlinge bestand. Um eine gute
Festigkeit der Verbindung zu erhalten, hat sich als günstig
erwiesen, die Preßteile 2 nach dem Pressen in einem Magnetfeld
nicht vollständig zu entmagnetisieren. Die magnetische
Haftkraft hält dann die Preßteile 2 beim Hantieren und im
Sinterofen bis zur Curietemperatur zusammen. Preßteile 2 mit
diametraler magnetischer Vorzugsrichtung werden bevorzugt mit
wechselseitiger Polung aufeinandergestapelt.For the manufacture of
Eine besonders gute Fügung läßt sich mit Unterstützung der
Schwerkraft erzielen, wenn der gestapelte stabförmige Dauermagnet
1 stehend gesintert wird.A particularly good coincidence can be supported by the
Achieve gravity when the stacked rod-shaped
Um eine sehr gute Korrosionsbeständigkeit des Dauermagneten
1, insbesondere an der Fügefläche, zu erreichen, kann der
Dauermagnet 1 nach dem Sintern mit bekannten flüssigen Kunststoffen,
wie z. B. Methacrylat vakuum- oder druckimprägniert
werden. Der Kunststoff füllt evtl. vorhandene Poren und Spalten
und härtet aus, nachdem der Dauermagnet 1 mit dem Kunststoff
getränkt worden ist. For a very good corrosion resistance of the
Das hier beschriebene Verfahren weist eine Reihe von Vorteilen auf.The method described here has a number of advantages on.
Im Vergleich zu stabförmigen Dauermagneten, die durch Verkleben
von fertig gesinterten Einzelteilen hergestellt worden
sind, weist der Dauermagnet 1 eine wesentlich höhere Festigkeit
auf, da die Preßteile 2 nach dem Sintern einen einheitlich
festen Körper bilden.Compared to rod-shaped permanent magnets that are glued
of sintered parts
are, the
Außerdem ist das Verfahren kostengünstig, da die Preßteile 2
durch die entsprechend ausgebildeten Erhöhungen 6 und Vertiefungen
8 positioniert werden und das für eine gute Klebeverbindung
erforderliche Flachschleifen der Oberseite 5 und der
Unterseite 7 entfällt. Es ist im Gegenteil sogar für eine feste
Sinterverbindung von Vorteil, wenn die Oberseite 5 und
die Unterseite 7 aufgerauht sind.In addition, the method is inexpensive because the pressed
Da die Preßteile 2 einzeln gepreßt werden, genügt für das
Pressen der Preßteile 2 ein Werkzeug mit Abmessungen in der
Größenordnung der Abmessungen der Preßteile 2. Bei kleinen
Werkzeugen kann jedoch das Magnetfeld mit geringem Aufwand
homogen gehalten werden. Im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Verfahren,
in denen die stabförmigen Dauermagnete als Ganzes gepreßt
werden, sind daher die Dauermagnete 1 in magnetischer
Hinsicht wesentlich homogener. Außerdem können mit dem hier
beschriebenen Verfahren Dauermagnete 1 mit nahezu beliebigem
Verhältnis von Durchmesser zu Länge hergestellt werden.Since the pressed
Für eine feste Verbindung der Einzelmagnete auf Basis von Seltenen Erden, Eisen und Bor hat es sich als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen, die Menge an flüssiger Sinterphase, d. h. den Gehalt an Seltenen Erden in der Legierung, etwas höher als normal einzustellen, etwa 1 bis 5 Gew.-% mehr Seltene Erden. For a firm connection of the individual magnets based on Rare earth, iron and boron has proven to be particularly beneficial proved the amount of liquid sintering phase, d. H. the rare earth content in the alloy, slightly higher set as normal, about 1 to 5 wt .-% more rare earths.
Die Erfindung wird nun anhand der folgenden Beispiele näher erläutert:The invention will now be elucidated on the basis of the following examples explains:
Vergleichsbeispiel: Nd-Fe-B-Pulver wird im Magnetfeld zu Ronden mit einem Durchmesser von 22 mm und einer Höhe von 10 mm unter Anwendung eines Drucks von 250 MPa gepreßt. Jeweils vier Ronden werden zu einem Grünling aufeinandergestapelt und stehend bei 1 Stunde bei 1100°C im Vakuum gesintert. Nach dem Sintern waren jedoch 60% der fertigen Sinterkörper nicht verbunden. Die restlichen Sinterkörper ließen sich durch einen Schlag leicht trennen.Comparative example: Nd-Fe-B powder becomes blanks in a magnetic field with a diameter of 22 mm and a height of 10 mm pressed using a pressure of 250 MPa. Each four blanks are stacked on top of each other to form a green compact and standing sintered at 1100 ° C in a vacuum for 1 hour. After this However, sintering was not connected to 60% of the finished sintered bodies. The rest of the sintered body could be through one Slightly separate the blow.
Wie Beispiel 1, wobei jedoch das Preßwerkzeug einen Unterstempel
mit einer Erhöhung und einen Oberstempel mit einer
Vertiefung aufwies. Es ergaben sich die in Figur 3 dargestellten
Preßteile 2. Die Preßteile 2 wurden nicht entmagnetisiert
und stehend gesintert. Alle Sinterteile waren
nach dem Sintern fest verbunden und ließen sich nach Schlag
oder Fall aus 1 Meter Höhe nicht trennen.Like example 1, but with the press tool having a lower punch
with an increase and an upper stamp with an
Showed deepening. The result was that shown in FIG. 3
Pressed
Wie Beispiel 2, die Preßteile wurden jedoch liegend gesintert. Nach dem Sintern waren 90% der Teile fest verbunden und ließen sich nach Schlag oder Fall aus 1 Meter Höhe nicht trennen.Like example 2, but the pressed parts were sintered horizontally. After sintering, 90% of the parts were firmly connected and were unable to fall from a height of 1 meter after a blow or fall separate.
Wie Beispiel 1, jedoch mit einer größeren Erhöhung 6 und Vertiefung
8, wie in Figur 4 dargestellt. Beim Pressen traten
teilweise Preßrisse auf. Alle fehlerfreien Preßteile waren
jedoch nach dem Sintern fest verbunden und ließen sich nach
Schlag oder Fall aus 1 Meter Höhe nicht trennen.Like example 1, but with a
Wie Beispiel 1, die Zusammensetzung der Legierung wurde jedoch
gemäß Tabelle 1 variiert.
Dieses Beispiel zeigt, daß ein Überschuß an Seltenen Erden über den stöchiometrisch Seltenen-Erden-Gehalt der hartmagnetischen Phase mit der Zusammensetzung Nd2Fe14B von Vorteil für die Festigkeit der Verbindung ist.This example shows that an excess of rare earths over the stoichiometric rare earth content of the hard magnetic phase with the composition Nd 2 Fe 14 B is advantageous for the strength of the connection.
Abschließend sei angemerkt, daß die hier gemachten Ausführungen für Dauermagnete aus einer Legierung auf der Basis von Seltenen Erden, Eisen und Bor auch für Dauermagnete aus einer Legierung mit der Zusammensetzung SE2 (Fe, Co) 14 βgilt, wobei SE wenigstens eine Selten Erde einschließlich Yttrium ist.Finally, it should be noted that the statements made here for permanent magnets made of an alloy based on rare earths, iron and boron also apply to permanent magnets made of an alloy with the composition SE 2 (Fe, Co) 14 β , with SE at least one rare earth including yttrium.
Ferner ist die vorliegenden Beschreibung des Verfahrens beispielhaft;
insbesondere soll das Fügen der Preßteile 2 nicht
auf stabförmige Magnete beschränkt sein.Furthermore, the present description of the method is exemplary;
in particular, the joining of the pressed
Claims (10)
- Method for producing permanent magnets which contain a phase having the composition RE2T14B, where T is at least one element selected from the group of elements consisting of Fe and Co, comprising the following process steps:production of a powder from an alloy which contains at least one rare earth (RE);pressing the powder to form pressed parts (2);assembling the pressed parts (2) with the aid of depressions (8) and elevations (6) formed on the surface of the pressed parts (2) to form a powder preform; andsintering the powder preform, the rare earth content of the permanent magnet being 1% by weight greater than the stoichiometric rare earth content of the hard-magnetic phase of the composition RE2T14B and being less than or equal to 33.4% by weight, and a liquid phase, which joins the pressed parts (2) to one another, being formed during the sintering.
- Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the width of the joining gaps between the elevations (6) and recesses (8) is less than 0.5 mm.
- Method according to one of Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the elevations (6) and recesses (8) are conical in form.
- Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the pressed parts (2) have a preferential magnetic direction, and in that a uniform orientation of the preferential magnetic directions of the pressed parts (2) which have been assembled to form the powder preform is ensured by the depressions (8) and elevations (6).
- Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the pressed parts (2) are produced with the aid of roughened press rams.
- Method according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the permanent magnet contains a rare-earth-rich phase with a proportion by weight of at least 2% by weight.
- Method according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a solder comprising a rare-earth-containing alloy containing > 10% by weight of rare earths is applied to a common interface between the pressed parts (2).
- Method according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the pressed parts (2) have at least a weak magnetic polarization.
- Method according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the pressed parts (2) which have been stacked on top of one another are sintered in an upright position.
- Method according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the sintered joined body is impregnated with a plastic.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19962232 | 1999-12-22 | ||
| DE19962232A DE19962232B4 (en) | 1999-12-22 | 1999-12-22 | Method for producing rod-shaped permanent magnets |
| PCT/EP2000/012958 WO2001046969A1 (en) | 1999-12-22 | 2000-12-19 | Method for producing rod-shaped permanent magnets |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1240652A1 EP1240652A1 (en) | 2002-09-18 |
| EP1240652B1 true EP1240652B1 (en) | 2004-03-17 |
Family
ID=7933952
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00985202A Expired - Lifetime EP1240652B1 (en) | 1999-12-22 | 2000-12-19 | Method for producing rod-shaped permanent magnets |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6926777B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1240652B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2003518331A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19962232B4 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2001046969A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2003021742A1 (en) * | 2001-09-03 | 2003-03-13 | Hitachi Powdered Metals Co.,Ltd. | Permanent magnet type rotor and method of manufacturing the rotor |
| TWI250536B (en) | 2003-02-27 | 2006-03-01 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Ring-shaped magnet and manufacturing method thereof |
| KR101504441B1 (en) * | 2010-06-17 | 2015-03-19 | 닛산 지도우샤 가부시키가이샤 | Device and method for manufacturing permanent magnets provided to dynamo-electric machine |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3887395A (en) * | 1974-01-07 | 1975-06-03 | Gen Electric | Cobalt-rare earth magnets comprising sintered products bonded with cobalt-rare earth bonding agents |
| US3892598A (en) * | 1974-01-07 | 1975-07-01 | Gen Electric | Cobalt-rare earth magnets comprising sintered products bonded with solid cobalt-rare earth bonding agents |
| US4289549A (en) * | 1978-10-31 | 1981-09-15 | Kabushiki Kaisha Suwa Seikosha | Resin bonded permanent magnet composition |
| DE7836712U1 (en) * | 1978-12-12 | 1979-06-28 | Walter Hebel Gmbh & Co, 5242 Kirchen | MAGNETS FOR ATTACHING DISPLAY MATERIALS AND FOR ORGANIZATIONAL PURPOSES |
| DE7903999U1 (en) * | 1979-02-14 | 1979-06-28 | Walter Hebel Gmbh & Co, 5242 Kirchen | MAGNETS WITH CAPS FOR ATTACHING DISPLAY MATERIALS AND FOR ORGANIZATIONAL PURPOSES ETC. |
| DE3047701A1 (en) * | 1980-12-18 | 1982-07-15 | Magnetfabrik Bonn Gmbh Vorm. Gewerkschaft Windhorst, 5300 Bonn | METHOD FOR PRODUCING ANISOTROPAL PERMANENT MAGNETS AND TUBULAR PERMANENT MAGNETS PRODUCED THEREFORE |
| FR2526994B1 (en) * | 1982-05-11 | 1987-03-06 | Draper Lab Charles S | PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING RARE COBALT-EARTH MAGNETS IN RING WITH RADIAL MAGNETIC FIELD ORIENTATION AND PERMANENT MAGNET THUS OBTAINED |
| EP0124655B1 (en) * | 1983-05-06 | 1989-09-20 | Sumitomo Special Metals Co., Ltd. | Isotropic permanent magnets and process for producing same |
| EP0248665B1 (en) * | 1986-06-06 | 1994-05-18 | Seiko Instruments Inc. | Rare earth-iron magnet and method of making same |
| US4859410A (en) * | 1988-03-24 | 1989-08-22 | General Motors Corporation | Die-upset manufacture to produce high volume fractions of RE-Fe-B type magnetically aligned material |
| US5049053A (en) * | 1988-08-18 | 1991-09-17 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Metal mold for molding anisotropic permanent magnets |
| SE9001409D0 (en) * | 1990-04-20 | 1990-04-20 | Sandvik Ab | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING OF CARBON METAL BODY FOR MOUNTAIN DRILLING TOOLS AND WEARING PARTS |
| DE4117104A1 (en) * | 1991-05-25 | 1992-11-26 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A NITROGEN-CONTAINING PERMANENT MAGNET, IN PARTICULAR SM-FE-N |
| US5382303A (en) * | 1992-04-13 | 1995-01-17 | Sps Technologies, Inc. | Permanent magnets and methods for their fabrication |
| US5641363A (en) * | 1993-12-27 | 1997-06-24 | Tdk Corporation | Sintered magnet and method for making |
| JP3132393B2 (en) * | 1996-08-09 | 2001-02-05 | 日立金属株式会社 | Method for producing R-Fe-B based radial anisotropic sintered ring magnet |
| DE19912470B4 (en) * | 1999-03-19 | 2005-06-02 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh | Composite part and method for its production |
-
1999
- 1999-12-22 DE DE19962232A patent/DE19962232B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-12-19 WO PCT/EP2000/012958 patent/WO2001046969A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-12-19 EP EP00985202A patent/EP1240652B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-19 DE DE50005736T patent/DE50005736D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-12-19 US US10/129,559 patent/US6926777B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-12-19 JP JP2001547408A patent/JP2003518331A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6926777B2 (en) | 2005-08-09 |
| DE50005736D1 (en) | 2004-04-22 |
| EP1240652A1 (en) | 2002-09-18 |
| DE19962232A1 (en) | 2001-07-12 |
| JP2003518331A (en) | 2003-06-03 |
| US20030110617A1 (en) | 2003-06-19 |
| WO2001046969A1 (en) | 2001-06-28 |
| DE19962232B4 (en) | 2006-05-04 |
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