EP1239453B1 - Method and apparatus for generating sound signals - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for generating sound signals Download PDFInfo
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- EP1239453B1 EP1239453B1 EP01810245A EP01810245A EP1239453B1 EP 1239453 B1 EP1239453 B1 EP 1239453B1 EP 01810245 A EP01810245 A EP 01810245A EP 01810245 A EP01810245 A EP 01810245A EP 1239453 B1 EP1239453 B1 EP 1239453B1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
- G10H1/0008—Associated control or indicating means
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for generating a sound signal according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the invention further relates to a device for generating a sound signal according to the preamble of claim 11.
- a time-varying sound signal such as a sine, triangle or square wave signal
- a digital value representing the amplitude of the sound signal at regular time intervals can be calculated on the basis of the mathematical definition by calculating a digital value representing the amplitude of the sound signal at regular time intervals.
- the thus generated, digital sound signal is then converted into an analog sound signal and can, for example, with an electroacoustic transducer such as a speaker, be converted into an acoustic, perceivable by the human ear as a sound or as a sound vibration.
- This fader is not suitable for a method for generating sound signal, since it can produce no novel sounds.
- the inventive sound signal generation method which is also referred to as a sound synthesis method, allows to generate a variety of different sounds, both interesting, unusual sounds, as well as natural-sounding sounds.
- the inventive sound signal generation method allows to produce much more complex sounds than is possible with conventional synthesizers.
- the sound signal generation method offers various ways to influence the sounds, such as the tone, in addition to influence.
- the required for sound signal generation device can be very simple and inexpensive be configured, and comprises in a preferred embodiment, essentially a computer with memory, input and output means such as a keyboard and / or a computer mouse, and a corresponding control program or software for controlling the computer.
- the inventive method for generating sound signal essentially comprises two sub-methods.
- a first partial procedure becomes a time-variable, preferably digital signal r (t) is generated, which is mapped in a second sub-process using a mapping function f in a time-variable sequence of real numbers, which form a digital sound signal o (t), as an electrical signal or for example via a speaker can be issued.
- a signal generator 2 supplies a time-variable, digital signal r (t).
- digital signal generators 2a, 2b, .. 2n are arranged, each having a separate partial signal r yields (t) i, namely, the sub-signals r 1 (t), r 2 (t), ... rn (t) ,
- the signal generators 2a, 2b, .. 2n are connected via electrical signal lines 5 to an imaging device 3.
- the imaging device 3 is connected via a signal line 6 and a high-pass filter 4 to an output line 7, to which an analog or digital sound signal o (t) is applied.
- a digital-to-analog converter can be arranged so that an analog sound signal is applied to the output line 7, while the high-pass filter is designed as a digital filter.
- the range of values of the analog sound signal o (t) may be, for example, between -5 volts and 5 volts.
- the value range of the digital sound signal o (t) can be, for example, between -2 15 and 2 15 -1.
- the digital signal r (t) comprising the sub-signals r 1 (t), r 2 (t), ... r n (t) can also be referred to as a multi-dimensional time-variable signal.
- a time-variable, periodic, digital signal r (t) is generated in the signal generator 2, wherein its parameters, such as the waveform, the frequency, the center and / or the amplitude, can be predetermined. Middle is understood to be the offset or the analog DC voltage component.
- a time-variable signal r (t) may also be permanently stored, for example in a memory designated as ROM (Read Only Memory).
- the sub-signals r i (t), ie the sub-signals r 1 (t), r 2 (t), ... r n (t) are generated.
- these partial signals r i (t) are imaged into a sound signal o (t) using an imaging function f.
- This mapping function f maps the digital sub-signals r i (t) as a discrete-time sequence of real numbers, this sequence having a DC component.
- a digital value is generated at regular time intervals.
- the high-pass filter 4 is a DC-free sound signal o (t) on.
- the mapping function f thus has the property, the vector r (t) including the sub-signals r 1 (t), r 2 (t), ... r n (t) in the sound signal o (t) transform.
- the n-dimensional vector r (t) is thus mapped by the mapping function f into a one-dimensional function o (t) which defines the sound signal or an audio signal.
- An advantage of the novel synthesis method lies in the hitherto unknown division of the control or influencing the sound parameters.
- the fundamental frequency of the sound signal o (t) preferably depends solely or essentially on the fundamental frequency of the signal r 1 (t).
- time-variable signal r (t) depends both the fundamental frequency of the sound signal o (t) and other frequency components of the respective fundamental frequency of the individual sub-signals r 1 (t), r 2 (t), ... r n (t) from.
- the spectrum of the sound signal o (t) is in addition to the properties of the signal r (t) essentially determined by the mapping function f. For example, indicates the signal r (t) and / or the mapping function f discontinuities or discontinuities, so is a sound signal o (t) with a demanding frequency spectrum expect.
- the frequency spectrum of the sound signal o (t) thus also depends on the properties of the imaging function f, in particular on the spatial spectrum of the imaging function f.
- a partial signal r i (t) is generated.
- the frequency ⁇ and the signal generator 2b, the frequency ⁇ and the factor k is adjustable.
- both partial signals have the same frequency ⁇ .
- the time-variable signal becomes r (t ) mapped by the mapping function f to the sound signal o (t).
- the calculation of r 1 (t), r 2 (t) and o (t) takes place digitally in time-discrete steps, and also simultaneously or simultaneously or substantially simultaneously.
- the value of r 1 (t1) and r 2 (t1) is initially charged and subsequently determine directly the value of o (t1).
- the value of the discrete-time time t1 + .DELTA.T is calculated by initially calculating the value of r 1 (t1 + At) and r 2 (t1 + At), and then immediately the value of o (t1 + At) is calculated.
- the values of r 1 (t), r 2 (t) and o (t) are constantly calculated, wherein the signals r 1 (t), r 2 (t) can be changed by interventions on the signal generator 2 a, 2 b, where the effect achieved can be heard immediately via the sound signal o (t).
- the mapping function f can be changed by, for example, changing a factor in a mapping function, or by exchanging a given mapping function with another predetermined mapping function. The effect achieved thereby can also be heard immediately via the sound signal o (t).
- the sound signal o (t) can thus be interactively changed and adjusted as desired and personal taste.
- the factor a (t) it is thus possible, for example, to modulate an attack, a conclusion or a velocity.
- the time-variable signal r (t) and the mapping function f can be changed by changing parameters, causing a change in the visual display.
- the parameters of the time-variable signal r ( t ) and the mapping function f are interactively changed via the visual display, for example by displaying the time-variable signal r ( t ) is shifted with respect to the representation of the mapping function f in the xy plane, which results in a change of the parameters and thus a change of the sound signal o (t).
- mapping function f not only could a mathematical function be used, as shown in FIG. 5 or 6, but an arbitrary three-dimensional surface.
- the mapping function f shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 is calculated digitally, the values being calculated precisely at the intersections of two straight lines running in the x and y directions. These digitally represented values of the mapping function f are also referred to below as a three-dimensional surface. The values between the Intersections are preferably interpolated in each case.
- An imaging function f for example, is also an image, for example a photographic, digitized image whose color values or gray scale values form the value f of the imaging function f.
- Fig. 2 shows schematically a sound signal generating device 1 for carrying out the inventive method.
- the illustrated embodiment shows a computer with a microprocessor 11, interfaces 13, user interfaces 14, memory 15, and a digital signal processor (DSP) 16, all of which communicate via a common data bus 12.
- DSP digital signal processor
- the required parameters for specifying or for calculating the partial signals r i (t) and the mapping function 2 are input via the user interface 14.
- the partial signal r i (t) is then calculated by means of the DSP software executable in the memory 17 by the digital signal processor 16, and mapped to the sound signal o (t) via the mapping function f.
- a digital high-pass filter can also be realized so that the sound signal o (t) calculated by the digital signal processor 16 is supplied to the electrical signal line 7 via the interface 13, for example as an audio signal.
- Fig. 7 shows with equations 1 to 7 further examples of mapping functions f, and with equations 8 to 13 further examples of time-variable signals r (t).
- the sound signal generating apparatus 1 may comprise an arbitrary number of n signal generators 2a, 2b, .. 2n, so that the vector describing the time-variable signal r (t) r (t) has n dimensions.
- the mapping function f is designed to be the n-dimensional vector r (t) again into a one-dimensional sound signal o (t).
- FIG. 8 shows the time profile of an analog sound signal g (t) as well as the temporal course of the same, digitized sound signal g [n], which consists of a sequence of digital support values which are spaced by the regular time duration ⁇ T.
- g [0], g [1] and g [5] are specifically indicated.
- Fig. 9 shows the third example of a mapping function f.
- a meandering track 21 is shown in an xy plane.
- the track 21 has a continuous series of mutually equally spaced points, with each of these points being assigned a support value g [n].
- the values g [0], g [1] and g [5] are specially marked. All support values g [n] of the sound signal g (t) shown in FIG. 8 are assigned along the track 21 in this way.
- These support values g [n] similar to those shown in three dimensions in FIGS. 5 or 6, form an imaging function f 3 that extends three-dimensionally over the xy plane.
- the mapping of the signal r (t) with the mapping function f shown in FIG. 9 the following peculiarity results: If the signal r (t) is chosen such that its values in the xy plane coincide exactly with those in FIG corresponds to the output points o (t), the digitized signal g (t) and the digital signal g [n]. Thus, it is possible to use the mapping function the digital sound signal g [n] produce. If the signal r (t) is selected to be slightly offset with respect to the track 21, as shown in FIG.
- the output signal o (t) has similarities to the sound signal g [n]. on.
- the sound distortion of the sound signal g [n] will be of different magnitude. This method thus makes it possible to reproduce a sound signal g [n] as recorded as original sound, or to vary it by changing the parameters of the signal r (t) in a variety of ways.
- the course of the track 21 may be defined in an x-y plane in a variety of ways.
- Fig. 10 shows a spiral track 21 along which the digital values of the sound signal g [n] are plotted.
- the digital values are preferably arranged along the track 21 at equidistant intervals and thus define a three-dimensional surface consisting of a multiplicity of support values, or the imaging function f.
- the signal r (t) for the mapping function f of the spiral track 21 shown in FIG. 10 must follow.
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Erzeugen eines Klangsignals gemäss dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1. Die Erfindung betrifft weiter eine Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen eines Klangsignals gemäss dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 11.The invention relates to a method for generating a sound signal according to the preamble of
Es ist bekannt, Klangsignale mit Hilfe mathematischer Funktionen zu berechnen. So kann beispielsweise ein zeitvariables Klangsignal, wie ein Sinus-, Dreieck- oder Rechtecksignal, auf Grund der mathematischen Definition berechnet werden, indem in regelmässigen zeitlichen Abständen ein digitaler, die Amplitude des Klangsignals repräsentierender Wert berechnet wird. Das derart erzeugte, digitale Klangsignal wird anschliessend in ein analoges Klangsignal gewandelt und kann, beispielsweise mit einem elektroakustischen Wandler wie einem Lautsprecher, in eine akustische, vom menschlichen Ohr als Ton oder als Klang wahrnehmbare Schwingung gewandelt werden.It is known to calculate sound signals using mathematical functions. Thus, for example, a time-varying sound signal, such as a sine, triangle or square wave signal, can be calculated on the basis of the mathematical definition by calculating a digital value representing the amplitude of the sound signal at regular time intervals. The thus generated, digital sound signal is then converted into an analog sound signal and can, for example, with an electroacoustic transducer such as a speaker, be converted into an acoustic, perceivable by the human ear as a sound or as a sound vibration.
Bekannte Verfahren zur Klangsignalerzeugung weisen den Nachteil auf, dass nur relativ einfache Klänge erzeugbar sind, oder dass die Klänge in nur beschränktem Masse verändert werden können.Known methods for generating sound signal have the disadvantage that only relatively simple sounds can be generated, or that the sounds can be changed to only a limited extent.
Aus der Druckschrift
Dieser Überblendregler ist für ein Verfahren zur Klangsignalerzeugung nicht geeignet, da sich damit keine neuartigen Klänge erzeugen lassen.This fader is not suitable for a method for generating sound signal, since it can produce no novel sounds.
Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren vorzuschlagen, das anspruchsvolle Klänge zu erzeugen erlaubt.It is an object of the present invention to propose a method that allows to produce sophisticated sounds.
Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst mit einem Verfahren aufweisend die Merkmale von Anspruch 1 und mit einer Vorrichtung aufweisend die Merkmale von Anspruch 11. Die Unteransprüche 2 bis 10 betreffen weitere, vorteilhafte Verfahrensschritte.This object is achieved by a method comprising the features of
Das erfindungsgemässe Klangsignalerzeugungsverfahren, welches auch als Klangsyntheseverfahren bezeichnet wird, ermöglicht eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Klänge zu erzeugen, sowohl interessante, ausgefallene Klänge, als auch natürlich klingende Klänge. Das erfindungsgemässe Klangsignalerzeugungsverfahren erlaubt wesentlich komplexere Klänge zu erzeugen, als dies mit üblichen Synthesizern möglich ist. Zudem bietet das Klangsignalerzeugungsverfahren verschiedene Eingriffsmöglichkeiten um die Klänge, beispielsweise die Klangfarbe, zusätzlich zu beeinflussen. Die zur Klangsignalerzeugung erforderliche Vorrichtung kann sehr einfach und kostengünstig ausgestaltet sein, und umfasst in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform im wesentlichen einen Rechner mit Speicher, Ein- und Ausgabemittel wie eine Tastatur und/oder eine Computermaus, sowie ein entsprechendes Ansteuerprogramm beziehungsweise eine Software zur Ansteuerung des Rechners.The inventive sound signal generation method, which is also referred to as a sound synthesis method, allows to generate a variety of different sounds, both interesting, unusual sounds, as well as natural-sounding sounds. The inventive sound signal generation method allows to produce much more complex sounds than is possible with conventional synthesizers. In addition, the sound signal generation method offers various ways to influence the sounds, such as the tone, in addition to influence. The required for sound signal generation device can be very simple and inexpensive be configured, and comprises in a preferred embodiment, essentially a computer with memory, input and output means such as a keyboard and / or a computer mouse, and a corresponding control program or software for controlling the computer.
Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren zur Klangsignalerzeugung umfasst im Wesentlichen zwei Teilverfahren. In einem ersten Teilverfahren wird ein zeitvariables, vorzugsweise digitales Signal r(t) erzeugt, welches in einem zweiten Teilverfahren mit Hilfe einer Abbildungsfunktion f in eine zeitvariable Folge reeller Zahlen abgebildet wird, welche ein digitales Klangsignal o(t) bilden, das als elektrisches Signal oder beispielsweise über einen Lautsprecher ausgegeben werden kann.The inventive method for generating sound signal essentially comprises two sub-methods. In a first partial procedure becomes a time-variable, preferably digital signal r (t) is generated, which is mapped in a second sub-process using a mapping function f in a time-variable sequence of real numbers, which form a digital sound signal o (t), as an electrical signal or for example via a speaker can be issued.
Das erfindungsgemässe Klangsignalerzeugungsverfahren weist die Vorteile auf,
- dass damit Klänge erzeugbar sind, welche mit anderen bekannten Verfahren nicht erzeugbar sind,
- dass eine Veränderung der Klänge in Echtzeit möglich ist,
- dass der Rechenaufwand zur Berechung des Klangsignals o(t) gering ist,
- und dass die Klänge über eine entsprechend ausgestaltete Schnittstelle interaktiv, zum Beispiel durch eine Handbewegung beziehungsweise über eine Computermaus, veränderbar sind.
- that sounds can thus be generated which can not be produced by other known methods,
- that a change of the sounds in real time is possible,
- that the computational effort for the calculation of the sound signal o (t) is low,
- and that the sounds are interactively changeable via an appropriately configured interface, for example by a hand movement or via a computer mouse.
Die Erfindung wir nachfolgend an Hand mehrerer Ausführungsbeispiele beschrieben. Es zeigen
- Fig. 1
- ein Signalflussdiagramm einer Klangsignalerzeugungsvorrichtung;
- Fig. 2
- schematisch den Aufbau einer Klangsignalerzeugungsvorrichtung;
- Fig. 3
- ein erstes Beispiel eines zweidimensionalen, zeitvariablen Signals r(t);
- Fig. 4
- ein zweites Beispiel eines zweidimensionalen, zeitvariabeln Signals r(t);
- Fig. 5
- ein erstes Beispiel einer Abbildungsfunktion;
- Fig. 6
- ein zweites Beispiel einer Abbildungsfunktion;
- Fig. 7
- Beispiele für Abbildungsfunktionen und zeitvariable Signale;
- Fig. 8
- ein analoges und digitalisiertes Klangsignal;
- Fig. 9
- ein drittes Beispiel einer Abbildungsfunktion;
- Fig. 10
- ein viertes Beispiel einer Abbildungsfunktion.
- Fig. 1
- a signal flow diagram of a sound signal generating device;
- Fig. 2
- schematically the structure of a sound signal generating device;
- Fig. 3
- a first example of a two-dimensional, time-variable signal r (t);
- Fig. 4
- a second example of a two-dimensional, time-variable signal r (t);
- Fig. 5
- a first example of a mapping function;
- Fig. 6
- a second example of a mapping function;
- Fig. 7
- Examples of mapping functions and time-varying signals;
- Fig. 8
- an analog and digitized sound signal;
- Fig. 9
- a third example of a mapping function;
- Fig. 10
- a fourth example of a mapping function.
Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch das Signalflussdiagramm einer Klangsignalerzeugungsvorrichtung 1. Ein Signalgenerator 2 liefert ein zeitvariables, digitales Signal r(t). Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel sind n digitale Signalgeneratoren 2a, 2b, .. 2n angeordnet, wobei jeder ein eigenes Teilsignal ri(t) liefert, nämlich die Teilsignale r1(t), r2(t), ... rn(t). Die Signalgeneratoren 2a, 2b, .. 2n sind über elektrische Signalleitungen 5 mit einer Abbildungsvorrichtung 3 verbunden. Die Abbildungsvorrichtung 3 ist über eine Signalleitung 6 und ein Hochpassfilter 4 mit einer Ausgangsleitung 7 verbunden, an welcher ein analoges oder digitales Klangsignal o(t) anliegt. Nach dem Hochpassfilter 4 kann ein Digital-Analog-Wandler angeordnet sein, sodass an der Ausgangsleitung 7 ein analoges Klangsignal anliegt, dabei ist das Hochpassfilter als digitales Filter ausgestaltet. Der Wertebereich des analogen Klangsignals o(t) kann beispielsweise zwischen -5 Volt und 5 Volt liegen. Der Wertebereich des digitalen Klangsignals o(t) kann beispielsweise zwischen -215 und 215-1 liegen. Das digitale Signal r(t) umfassend die Teilsignale r1(t), r2(t), ... rn(t) kann auch als mehrdimensionales zeitvariables Signal bezeichnet werden.1 shows schematically the signal flow diagram of a sound
In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung wird im Signalgenerator 2 ein zeitvariables, periodisches, digitales Signal r(t) erzeugt, wobei dessen Parameter, beispielsweise die Wellenform, die Frequenz, die Mitte und/oder die Amplitude, vorgebbar sind. Unter Mitte wird der Offset beziehungsweise der analoge Gleichspannungsanteil verstanden. Somit kann beispielsweise in jedem Signalgenerator 2a, 2b, .. 2n ein individuelles Teilsignal ri(t) erzeugt werden. Im Signalgenerator 2 kann jedoch auch ein zeitvariables Signal r(t) fest abgespeichert sein, beispielsweise in einem als ROM (Read Only Memory) bezeichneten Speicher.In a preferred embodiment, a time-variable, periodic, digital signal r (t) is generated in the
Im ersten Teilverfahren zur Klangsignalerzeugung werden die Teilsignale ri(t), d.h. die Teilsignale r1(t), r2(t), ... rn(t) erzeugt. In einem zweiten Teilverfahren werden diese Teilsignale ri(t) unter Verwendung einer Abbildungsfunktion f in ein Klangsignal o(t) abgebildet. Diese Abbildungsfunktion f bildet die digitalen Teilsignale ri(t) als eine zeitdiskrete Folge reeller Zahlen ab, wobei diese Folge einen Gleichspannungsanteil aufweisen kann. Vorzugsweise wird, wie in der Digitaltechnik üblich, in regelmässigen zeitlichen Abständen ein digitaler Wert erzeugt. Nach dem Hochpassfilter 4 liegt ein gleichspannungsfreies Klangsignal o(t) an.In the first partial method for generating sound signal, the sub-signals r i (t), ie the sub-signals r 1 (t), r 2 (t), ... r n (t) are generated. In a second partial method, these partial signals r i (t) are imaged into a sound signal o (t) using an imaging function f. This mapping function f maps the digital sub-signals r i (t) as a discrete-time sequence of real numbers, this sequence having a DC component. Preferably, as is customary in digital technology, a digital value is generated at regular time intervals. After the high-
Umfasst die Klangsignalerzeugungsvorrichtung 1 zwei und mehr Teilsignale ri(t), so lässt sich das zeitvariable Signal auch als Vektor
Die Abbildungsfunktion f hat somit die Eigenschaft, den Vektor
Dieses Verfahren weist im Gegensatz zu herkömmlichen, in Synthesizern angewandten Klangerzeugungsverfahren den Vorteil auf, dass verschiedene Eingriffsmöglichkeiten zur Beeinflussung des Klangs bestehen, in dem:
- die einzelnen Teilsignale ri(t) bezüglich Frequenz und/oder Amplitude und/oder Phase und/oder Offset veränderbar sind
- und/oder die Abbildungsfunktion f veränderbar ist
- und/oder die gegenseitige Lage der Teilsignale ri(t) und der Abbildungsfunktion f veränderbar ist.
- the individual sub-signals r i (t) are variable with respect to frequency and / or amplitude and / or phase and / or offset
- and / or the mapping function f is changeable
- and / or the mutual position of the sub-signals r i (t) and the mapping function f is variable.
Ein Vorteil des erfindungsgemässen Syntheseverfahrens liegt in der bisher nicht bekannten Aufteilung der Kontrolle beziehungsweise der Beeinflussung der Klangparameter.An advantage of the novel synthesis method lies in the hitherto unknown division of the control or influencing the sound parameters.
Bei einem eindimensionalen zeitvariablen Signal r1(t) hängt die Grundfrequenz des Klangsignals o(t) vorzugsweise alleine oder im wesentlichen von der Grundfrequenz des Signals r1(t) ab. Bei einem mehrdimensionalen, zeitvariablen Signal
Es kann sich als Vorteil erweisen, dass das Spektrum des Ausgangssignals durch die Frequenzen des Signals
Das Spektrum des Klangsignals o(t) wird nebst den Eigenschaften des Signals
Die beiden Teilverfahren zur Erzeugung des Klangsignals o(t) werden nachfolgend an Hand mehrerer Ausführungsbeispiele für eine Klangsignalerzeugungsvorrichtung 1 mit zwei Signalgeneratoren, d.h. für den Spezialfall von n=2 erläutert.The two sub-methods for generating the sound signal o (t) will be described below with reference to several embodiments of a sound
Im ersten Teilverfahren wird ein Teilsignal ri(t) erzeugt.In the first partial method, a partial signal r i (t) is generated.
Im ersten Ausführungsbeispiel erzeugt der Signalgenerator 2a das digitale, zeitdiskrete Teilsignal r1(t) = sin(ωt) und der Signalgenerator 2b das digitale, zeitdiskrete Teilsignal
Für das zeitvariable Signal r(t) in Vektordarstellung gilt
Die Abbildungsfunktion f zur Transformation von zwei Teilsignalen sei
Im zweiten Teilverfahren wird das zeitvariable Signal
Mit x = r 1 (t) = sin(ωt) und
gilt somit:
With x = r 1 (t) = sin ( ωt ) and
thus:
In einem bevorzugten Verfahren erfolgt die Berechung von r1(t), r2(t) und o(t) digital in zeitdiskreten Schritten, und zudem simultan bzw. gleichzeitig oder im wesentlichen gleichzeitig. Zu einem gegeben Zeitpunkt t1 wird vorerst der Wert von r1(t1) und r2(t1) berechnet, und daraufhin unmittelbar der Wert für o(t1) ermittelt. Daraufhin wird der Wert zum zeitdiskreten Zeitpunkt t1+ΔT berechnet, indem vorerst der Wert von r1(t1+ΔT) und r2(t1+ΔT) berechnet, und daraufhin unmittelbar der Wert für o(t1+ΔT) berechnet wird. Derart werden die Werte von r1(t), r2(t) und o(t) ständig berechnet, wobei die Signale r1(t), r2(t) durch Eingriffe am Signalgenerator 2a, 2b geändert werden können, wobei die dadurch erzielte Wirkung sofort über das Klangsignal o(t) abgehört werden kann. Zudem kann die Abbildungsfunktion f verändert werden, in dem beispielsweise ein Faktor in einer Abbildungsfunktion verändert wird, oder indem eine vorgegebene Abbildungsfunktion durch eine andere vorgegebene Abbildungsfunktion ausgetauscht wird. Die dadurch erzielte Wirkung kann ebenfalls sofort über das Klangsignal o(t) abgehört werden. Das Klangsignal o(t) kann somit interaktiv geändert und je nach belieben und persönlichem Geschmack eingestellt werden.In a preferred method, the calculation of r 1 (t), r 2 (t) and o (t) takes place digitally in time-discrete steps, and also simultaneously or simultaneously or substantially simultaneously. At a given time t1, the value of r 1 (t1) and r 2 (t1) is initially charged and subsequently determine directly the value of o (t1). Then, the value of the discrete-time time t1 + .DELTA.T is calculated by initially calculating the value of r 1 (t1 + At) and r 2 (t1 + At), and then immediately the value of o (t1 + At) is calculated. Thus, the values of r 1 (t), r 2 (t) and o (t) are constantly calculated, wherein the signals r 1 (t), r 2 (t) can be changed by interventions on the signal generator 2 a, 2 b, where the effect achieved can be heard immediately via the sound signal o (t). In addition, the mapping function f can be changed by, for example, changing a factor in a mapping function, or by exchanging a given mapping function with another predetermined mapping function. The effect achieved thereby can also be heard immediately via the sound signal o (t). The sound signal o (t) can thus be interactively changed and adjusted as desired and personal taste.
Der Spezialfall n=2 weist den besonderen Vorteil auf, dass das zeitvariable Signal
Figur 3 zeigt den zeitlichen Verlauf 18 des zeitvariablen Signals
Figur 4 zeigt den zeitlichen Verlauf 18 des zeitvariablen Signals
Dabei bildet der Term
Das zeitvariable Signal
Figur 5 zeigt in einer dreidimensionalen Darstellung den Verlauf 20 der Abbildungsfunktion
Figur 6 zeigt in einer dreidimensionalen Darstellung den Verlauf 20 einer weiteren Abbildungsfunktion
Der Spezialfall n=2 weist den weiteren Vorteil auf, dass beispielsweise die Darstellungen der Figuren 3 und 5 übereinanderliegend darstellbar sind. Dadurch ist eine optische Anzeige der Interaktion zwischen dem zeitvariable Signal
Als Abbildungsfunktion f könnte nicht nur, wie in Figur 5 oder 6 dargestellt, eine mathematische Funktion verwendet werden, sondern eine beliebige dreidimensionale Fläche. Die in den Figuren 5 und 6 dargestellte Abbildungsfunktion f ist digital berechnet, wobei jeweils an den Schnittpunkten zweier in x- und y-Richtung verlaufender Geraden die Werte genau berechnet sind. Diese flächig dargestellten, digitalen Werte der Abbildungsfunktion f werden nachfolgend auch als dreidimensionale Fläche bezeichnet. Die Werte zwischen den Schnittpunkten werden vorzugsweise jeweils interpoliert. Als Abbildungsfunktion f ist beispielsweise auch ein Bild, beispielsweise ein fotographisches, digitalisiertes Bild, dessen Farbwerte oder Graustufenwerte den Wert f der Abbildungsfunktion f bilden.As a mapping function f, not only could a mathematical function be used, as shown in FIG. 5 or 6, but an arbitrary three-dimensional surface. The mapping function f shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 is calculated digitally, the values being calculated precisely at the intersections of two straight lines running in the x and y directions. These digitally represented values of the mapping function f are also referred to below as a three-dimensional surface. The values between the Intersections are preferably interpolated in each case. An imaging function f, for example, is also an image, for example a photographic, digitized image whose color values or gray scale values form the value f of the imaging function f.
Fig. 2 zeigt schematisch eine Klangsignalerzeugungsvorrichtung 1 zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens. Das dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel zeigt einen Computer mit einem Mikroprozessor 11, Schnittstellen 13, Benutzerschnittstellen 14, Speicher 15, und einem digitalen Signalprozessor (DSP) 16, welche alle über einen gemeinsamen Datenbus 12 Informationen austauschen. Die erforderlichen Parameter zur Vorgabe beziehungsweise zur Berechung der Teilsignale ri(t) und der Abbildungsfunktion 2 werden über die Benutzerschnittstelle 14 eingegeben. Das Teilsignal ri(t) wird danach mit Hilfe der im Speicher 17 lauffähigen DSP-Software durch den digitalen Signalprozessors 16 berechnet, und über die Abbildungsfunktion f auf das Klangsignal o(t) abgebildet. Mit Hilfe der im Speicher 17 abgelegten Software kann zudem ein digitales Hochpassfilter realisiert werden, sodass das vom digitalen Signalprozessor 16 berechnete Klangsignal o(t) über die Schnittstelle 13, beispielsweise als Audiosignal, der elektrische Signalleitung 7 zugeführt wird.Fig. 2 shows schematically a sound
Fig. 7 zeigt mit den Gleichungen 1 bis 7 weitere Beispiele von Abbildungsfunktionen f, und mit den Gleichungen 8 bis 13 weitere Beispiele für zeitvariable Signale
Fig. 8 zeigt den zeitlichen Verlauf eines analogen Klangsignals g(t) sowie den zeitlichen Verlauf desselben, digitalisierten Klangsignals g[n], welches aus einer Folge digitaler Stützwerte besteht, welche um die regelmässige Zeitdauer ΔT beabstandet sind. In Fig. 8 sind die Werte g[0], g[1] und g[5] speziell gekennzeichnet.8 shows the time profile of an analog sound signal g (t) as well as the temporal course of the same, digitized sound signal g [n], which consists of a sequence of digital support values which are spaced by the regular time duration ΔT. In Fig. 8, the values g [0], g [1] and g [5] are specifically indicated.
Fig. 9 zeigt das dritte Beispiel einer Abbildungsfunktion f. In einer x-y-Ebene ist eine mäanderförmig verlaufende Spur 21 eingezeichnet. Die Spur 21 weist eine kontinuierliche Folge gegenseitig gleichmässig beabstandeter Punkte auf, wobei jedem dieser Punkte ein Stützwert g[n] zugeordnet ist. In Figur 9 sind beispielsweise die Werte g[0], g[1] und g[5] speziell gekennzeichnet. Alle Stützwerte g[n] des in Fig. 8 dargestellten Klangsignals g(t) sind derart entlang der Spur 21 zugeordnet. Diese Stützwerte g[n] bilden, ähnlich wie in den Figuren 5 oder 6 dreidimensional dargestellt, eine über der x-y-Ebene dreidimensional verlaufende Abbildungsfunktion f. Diese Abbildungsfunktion kann, wie bereits beschrieben, verwendet werden, um aus einem zeitvariablen Signal r(t) über die Abbildung o(t) = f(
Der Verlauf der Spur 21 kann in einer x-y-Ebene in einer Vielzahl von Möglichkeiten definiert sein. Fig. 10 zeigt beispielsweise eine spiralförmig verlaufende Spur 21, entlang welcher die digitalen Werte des Klangsignals g[n] eingetragen sind. Die digitalen Werte sind entlang der Spur 21 vorzugsweise in äquidistanten Abständen angeordnet und definieren derart eine dreidimensionale Fläche bestehend aus einer Vielzahl von Stützwerten, beziehungsweise die Abbildungsfunktion f. Um das ursprüngliche Klangsignal g[n] wiederzugeben muss das Signal r(t) für die in Fig. 10 dargestellte Abbildungsfunktion f der spiralförmigen Spur 21 folgen.The course of the
Claims (11)
- A method of generating a sound signal (o(t)), comprising the steps:- generating or selecting a time variable signal (r(t)), wherein the time variable signal (r(t)) is formed as a vector (
r (t)) comprising at least two time-variable part signals (ri(t)), which part signals are each described by a function having at least one periodic component;- generating or selecting a non-linear imaging function (f) which images the time variable signal (r(t)) as a sequence of real numbers, wherein this imaging does not correspond to a linear combination of the time variable part signals (ri(t));- and calculating the sound signal (o(t)) in that the time variable signal (r(t)) is formed by the imaging function (f). - A method in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that the time variable signal (r(t)) and/or the sound signal (o(t)) is/are computed in time discrete steps.
- A method in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the sound signal (o(t)) is filtered using a high pass filter.
- A method in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the wave shape and/or the frequency and/or the offset and/or the amplitude can be varied for each time variable part signal (ri(t)).
- A method in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the time variable signal (r(t)) and/or the imaging function (f) is/are shown graphically and can in particular be changed interactively.
- A method in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the imaging function (f) is configured as a two-dimensional function and defines a three-dimensional area in space.
- A method in accordance with claim 6, characterised in that the imaging function (f) is configured as a digital image whose colour values or grey scale values define the three dimensional area in space.
- A method in accordance with claim 6 or claim 7, characterised in that the time variable signal (r(t)) comprises two time variable part signals (ri(t)); in that the time variable signal (r(t)) is shown extending in a plane by the two time variable part signals (ri(t)) each defining one dimension of the plane; and in that the time variable part signals (ri(t)) and the imaging function (f) are shown together and can be mutually displaced interactively to vary the sound signal (o(t)) in this manner.
- A method in accordance with any one of the claims 6 to 8, characterised in that a track (21) extending in an x-y plane is generated; and in that the imaging function (f) is formed by a digital sound signal (g[n]) whose values are entered along the track (21).
- A method in accordance with claim 9, characterised in that the time variable signal (r(t)) is selected to extend along the track (21) such that the sound signal (g[n]) is generated via the imaging function (f).
- An apparatus for the carrying out of the method in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, comprising a computer (11), software which, when operated on the computer, causes the computer to carry out all the steps of this method, as well as input and output means (13, 14) with which at least one electroacoustic converter for the acoustic output of the sound signal (o(t)) can be connected in a signal transmitting manner.
Priority Applications (3)
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EP01810245A EP1239453B1 (en) | 2001-03-09 | 2001-03-09 | Method and apparatus for generating sound signals |
DE50112930T DE50112930D1 (en) | 2001-03-09 | 2001-03-09 | Method and device for generating sound signals |
AT01810245T ATE371922T1 (en) | 2001-03-09 | 2001-03-09 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR GENERATING SOUND SIGNAL |
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EP01810245A EP1239453B1 (en) | 2001-03-09 | 2001-03-09 | Method and apparatus for generating sound signals |
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EP1239453B1 true EP1239453B1 (en) | 2007-08-29 |
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EP01810245A Expired - Lifetime EP1239453B1 (en) | 2001-03-09 | 2001-03-09 | Method and apparatus for generating sound signals |
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AT (1) | ATE371922T1 (en) |
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WO1988004861A1 (en) * | 1986-12-23 | 1988-06-30 | Joseph Charles Lyons | Audible or visual digital waveform generating system |
US5812688A (en) * | 1992-04-27 | 1998-09-22 | Gibson; David A. | Method and apparatus for using visual images to mix sound |
JPH086549A (en) * | 1994-06-17 | 1996-01-12 | Hitachi Ltd | Melody synthesizing method |
AU9300398A (en) * | 1997-09-05 | 1999-03-29 | Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois, The | System and method for interfacing sound synthesis to movement |
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2001
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- 2001-03-09 AT AT01810245T patent/ATE371922T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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ATE371922T1 (en) | 2007-09-15 |
EP1239453A1 (en) | 2002-09-11 |
DE50112930D1 (en) | 2007-10-11 |
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