EP1238441A1 - Broad-band scissor-type antenna - Google Patents
Broad-band scissor-type antennaInfo
- Publication number
- EP1238441A1 EP1238441A1 EP00969641A EP00969641A EP1238441A1 EP 1238441 A1 EP1238441 A1 EP 1238441A1 EP 00969641 A EP00969641 A EP 00969641A EP 00969641 A EP00969641 A EP 00969641A EP 1238441 A1 EP1238441 A1 EP 1238441A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- strand
- strands
- antenna according
- resistive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/002—Protection against seismic waves, thermal radiation or other disturbances, e.g. nuclear explosion; Arrangements for improving the power handling capability of an antenna
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q11/00—Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q11/02—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna
- H01Q11/04—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna with parts bent, folded, shaped, screened or electrically loaded to obtain desired phase relation of radiation from selected sections of the antenna
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q11/00—Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q11/02—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna
- H01Q11/06—Rhombic antennas; V-antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
- H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
- H01Q5/357—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using a single feed point
- H01Q5/364—Creating multiple current paths
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/005—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements for radiating non-sinusoidal waves
Definitions
- the present invention relates to broadband antennas and relates more particularly to antennas adapted to ultra-short high voltage pulses.
- the antennas must naturally be broadband to cover the spectral mask of the pulse delivered by an associated pulse generator. They must also have particular qualities, specific to radiation or to the measurement of ultra short pulses. It is indeed important that the antennas have a transfer function that is not very dispersive in frequency so that the radiated or received pulse is neither distorted nor spread. Significant distortion of the signal leads to an increase in the temporal responses of the various targets and causes one of the main advantages of the transient methods to be lost, namely the possibility of separating the useful echoes from the parasitic paths by simple temporal "windowing".
- horns, stepped horns and Log-periodicals are the most commonly used antennas.
- the electric field radiated in the axis is presented, when the excitation signal applied to the antenna is a Gaussian pulse, of width at half height equal to 700 ps.
- the horn proposed as an example is modeled using the finite difference calculation code in the transient domain. The dimensions of the horn are determined so that its bandwidth extends from 100 MHz to 1 GHz.
- the excitation of the guide is carried out by imposing in a section plane a spatial distribution of the electric field according to the TEO1 mode (sin ⁇ y / a) with a: dimension of the guide along the y axis.
- the pulse radiated in the long distance axis has a time spread of around 80 ns, it is only really significant over 30 ns.
- Each spectral component is actually emitted from a phase center which moves inside the horn, which partly causes the signal to spread.
- the stepped horn has the particularity of having a large bandwidth (200 MHz - 2 GHz) while retaining relatively modest dimensions.
- the use of steps with an exponential profile makes it possible to obtain a high gain over the entire bandwidth.
- This horn was tested in an anechoic chamber at CELAR.
- the radiated electric field has a time spread of approximately 15 ns.
- the impulse is partly distorted by the poor performance of the horn at low frequency.
- Evanescent modes are in fact excited below the cut-off frequency of the guide, which disturbs the radiated electric field.
- the steps and reflections at the ends of the plates can also contribute to the dispersion of the signal.
- the Log-periodic antenna is a set of parallel dipoles supplied by a transmission line, so that two successive dipoles are in phase opposition. Each strand radiates with maximum efficiency when the half supply wavelength is equal to its own length.
- the high frequency of the antenna is limited by the dimension of the smallest strand and the low frequency, by that of the largest strand.
- the Log- antenna periodic has been modeled using the code for calculating integral equations.
- the geometric dimensions have been determined so that the antenna is directive and covers a spectrum from 100 MHz to 1 GHz.
- This type of antenna mainly emits a horizontal electric field, the duration of which is relatively long.
- the successive resonances of the strands constituting the antenna are at the origin of the observable dispersion on the radiated signal.
- the subject of the invention is a broadband antenna, characterized in that it comprises, in a common plane, two symmetrical parts each comprising at least two conductive strands, connected to each other, supplied by a two-wire line, each strand comprising in its portion opposite the two-wire line, a resistive load.
- each symmetrical part also comprises at least one strand not connected to the other strands and comprising in its portion opposite the supply line, a resistive load,
- each symmetrical part comprises n conductive strands, connected or not connected to each other and each comprising a resistive load at its end, n being greater than 2.
- - Fig.2 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of a scissor antenna according to the invention
- - Fig.3 is a graph representing the reflection coefficient of the antenna according to the invention
- - Fig.4 is a graph representing the gain measurement of the antenna according to the invention.
- - Fig.5 is a graph representing the comparison of the theory with the measurement of the pulse measured in the axis
- - Fig.6 is a graph of the Fourier transform of the pulse measured in the axis in W polarization
- - Fig.7 is a radiation diagram in the H plane, in deposit; and - Fig.8 is a radiation diagram in the plane E in site.
- FIG. 1 a broadband scissor antenna according to the invention is shown diagrammatically.
- This antenna comprises in a common plane which is the plane of the drawing, two parts 2,3, symmetrical with respect to an axis X-X.
- Each symmetrical part 2,3 comprises in the present example three conductive strands 4,5,6 and 7,8,9 respectively.
- the strands 4,5 and 7,8 are interconnected by their ends.
- the strands 6 and 9 are connected by one of their ends to the corresponding connections of the strands 4,5 and 7,8 and their opposite ends are unconnected.
- the antenna thus formed is directly excited by a two-wire line 10.
- the strands 4,5,6,7,8,9 have respective resistive loads 11, 12,13,14,15,16 each formed of resistors in series.
- each symmetrical part may include a number n of strands other than 3 and greater than or equal to 2, the strands being connected or not connected to each other.
- the electric field is then guided inside line 10, then propagated in space.
- the polarization of the electric field E is mainly rectilinear vertical and the simple rotation of the antenna of 90 ° makes it possible to obtain a horizontal rectilinear polarization.
- the entire device is contained in a single plane, hence the total absence of cross polarization.
- the electromagnetic qualities of the antenna depend essentially on geometric dimensions such as the length and the opening angle. Intuitive reasoning suggests that the low cutoff frequency is related to length while the high cutoff frequency is limited by the opening of the line.
- TEM horns, stepped horns, log-periodicals are not suitable for radiating an ultra-short pulse (1 ns), of high level (> 10kV), with a minimum of distortions (coefficient of dispersion: greater than 15 for a stepped horn, 30 for a classic horn, 120 for a log-periodic).
- the new concept proposed according to the invention is an original aerial with wire strands, simple to implement, which, while covering a wide frequency band, is capable of radiating an ultra short high voltage pulse with a dispersion coefficient less than 1, 4.
- the length s of the strands 4 to 9 is linked to the lowest frequency contained in the spectrum of the signal to be radiated and must be equal to at least half a wavelength, that is: L mm S> - -
- the antenna opening angle is determined as follows.
- each symmetrical part is each formed of divergent sections 5a, 6a, 8a, 9a, extended by parallel sections between them 5b, 6b, 8b, 9b.
- the parallel sections have a length I, while the divergent sections have a projection on the direction of the parallel sections of length I '.
- the lengths I and I 'chosen as indicated below guarantee the best performance:
- the input impedance depends on the geometry of the aerial and the resistive adaptation loads, but also on the diameter of the wire strands 4 to 9. A small radius of the strands reinforces the selfic effects of the wires, hence an increase in the imaginary part with the frequency.
- it is therefore essential to choose a minimum radius of 1cm.
- the problem of fitting the ends is solved as follows.
- a conventional antenna has at its ends an open circuit which is the source of reflections which deteriorate the performance of the antenna. These resonances are responsible for a consequent lengthening of the transient radiated signals but also for a degradation of the rate of standing waves at the input of the antenna.
- the value Z 0 must be chosen between 10 ⁇ and 30 ⁇ , and a resistor positioned approximately every 5cm.
- the values to be imposed are not critical, hence the possibility of having recourse to another neighboring hyperbolic law.
- Variable resistivity tapes can also be used.
- the main drawback of this technique is that the overall efficiency of the antenna is weakened. Also, to avoid excessive deterioration of the gain, only the upper parts of each strand are provided with resistive charges.
- the length of the strands and the portion of line provided with a resistive load are generally linked by the relation: s / 3 ⁇ s' ⁇ s / 2.
- the high cutoff frequency (f max ) is determined as follows.
- the radiation patterns of the scissor antenna according to the invention result from a combination between the natural radiation of each of the strands.
- the main lobe is maximum in the axis, but it is accompanied, in elevation, by secondary lobes, the level of which is in most cases lower.
- the level of the secondary lobes is generally less than 8 dB compared to the main lobe.
- resistive loads 11 to 16 makes it possible in particular to limit the radiation behind the line (more than 15 dB lower than the radiation in the axis), which improves the directivity of the diagrams.
- the antenna represented in FIG. 2 comprises in each symmetrical part 2, 3, two strands 18, 19, 20, 21 connected by their opposite ends to an excitation line 22.
- Each strand has a corresponding resistive load 23,24.
- the diagram in Figure 3 represents the reflection coefficient of the antenna equipped with a 50 ⁇ -200 ⁇ balun. A maximum level of -13dB is obtained on the 200MHz-1, 6GHz band.
- Figure 4 shows the gain in the axis measured in the V-V and H-H configurations.
- Figure 5 compares the measured and theoretical signals, when two antennas face each other at a distance of 5.80m from each other.
- One antenna is in transmission, excited by an HMP / F generator from Kentech (amplitude signal 4 kV, rise time 120ps, signal duration 700ps, output impedance 50 ⁇ ), and the other antenna, in reception, connected to a TDS820 sequential acquisition oscilloscope (6GHz bandwidth) from the company Tecktronix.
- the curve presented is normalized to allow comparisons.
- the peak voltage level measured at the foot of the receiving antenna is approximately 50 Volts.
- the dispersion remains less than 1.4.
- the spectrum of the measured signal shown in Figure 6 gives a bandwidth ranging from 80MHz to 1.2 GHz at -20dB maximum.
- the radiation patterns in the H plane and in the E plane are shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.
- the main lobe has a half-angle of opening of 45 ° at 500 MHz.
- the lobe is much narrower with a half opening angle of 13 ° for the same frequency.
- the side lobes in this plane are about 8 dB (for 500 MHz) from the maximum level.
- the rear radiation is at a level of -15 dB compared to that observed in the axis.
- the scissor antenna unlike conventional broadband antennas, makes it possible to combine good electromagnetic performance both in harmonics (bandwidth, gain) and in transient (dispersion).
- the envisaged fields of application of the antenna according to the invention are as follows:
Landscapes
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9914940 | 1999-11-26 | ||
FR9914940A FR2801730B1 (en) | 1999-11-26 | 1999-11-26 | BROADBAND SCISSOR ANTENNA |
PCT/FR2000/002905 WO2001039319A1 (en) | 1999-11-26 | 2000-10-18 | Broad-band scissor-type antenna |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1238441A1 true EP1238441A1 (en) | 2002-09-11 |
EP1238441B1 EP1238441B1 (en) | 2003-08-20 |
Family
ID=9552602
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00969641A Expired - Lifetime EP1238441B1 (en) | 1999-11-26 | 2000-10-18 | Broad-band scissor-type antenna |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6768466B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1238441B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4503903B2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU7930900A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2392696C (en) |
DE (1) | DE60004703T2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2801730B1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL149780A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001039319A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006091162A1 (en) | 2005-02-28 | 2006-08-31 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Method and arrangement for reducing the radar cross section of integrated antennas |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9019143B2 (en) * | 2006-11-30 | 2015-04-28 | Henry K. Obermeyer | Spectrometric synthetic aperture radar |
KR100994213B1 (en) | 2008-07-30 | 2010-11-12 | 한국과학기술연구원 | Wideband antenna |
RU2562145C1 (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2015-09-10 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Южный федеральный университет" (Южный федеральный университет) | Transceiving all-band oblique polarization antenna array formed by 2*n-pairs of monoplane v-shaped vibrators |
RU2564694C1 (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2015-10-10 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Южный федеральный университет" (Южный федеральный университет) | Transceiving oblique polarization antenna array formed by 2·n-pairs of codirectional v-shaped vibrators |
JP7170319B2 (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2022-11-14 | 国立大学法人京都工芸繊維大学 | antenna device |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2165958A (en) * | 1933-12-23 | 1939-07-11 | Rca Corp | Aperiodic antenna |
US2099296A (en) * | 1933-12-23 | 1937-11-16 | Rca Corp | Aperiodic antenna |
GB1275391A (en) * | 1970-01-29 | 1972-05-24 | Marconi Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to aerial systems |
US3680133A (en) * | 1970-06-08 | 1972-07-25 | Raytheon Co | Subsurface traveling wave antenna |
JPS4946661A (en) * | 1972-09-08 | 1974-05-04 | ||
FR2231125B1 (en) * | 1973-05-21 | 1977-09-02 | Tacussel Maurice | |
US4038662A (en) * | 1975-10-07 | 1977-07-26 | Ball Brothers Research Corporation | Dielectric sheet mounted dipole antenna with reactive loading |
JPS5469366A (en) * | 1977-11-15 | 1979-06-04 | Sony Corp | Antenna device |
GB2151082B (en) * | 1983-12-08 | 1987-03-25 | Mullins John W | Broadband antenna |
JP3305487B2 (en) * | 1994-03-31 | 2002-07-22 | 株式会社エヌ・ティ・ティ・ドコモ | Communication equipment |
US5600332A (en) * | 1995-07-24 | 1997-02-04 | Hughes Missile Systems Company | Wideband, low frequency, airborne vivaldi antenna and deployment method |
US5945962A (en) * | 1996-08-19 | 1999-08-31 | Emc Test Systems, L.P. | Broad band shaped element dipole antenna |
JPH11168323A (en) * | 1997-12-04 | 1999-06-22 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Multi-frequency antenna device and multi-frequency array antenna device using multi-frequency sharing antenna |
-
1999
- 1999-11-26 FR FR9914940A patent/FR2801730B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2000
- 2000-10-18 EP EP00969641A patent/EP1238441B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-18 IL IL14978000A patent/IL149780A/en unknown
- 2000-10-18 WO PCT/FR2000/002905 patent/WO2001039319A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-10-18 US US10/130,755 patent/US6768466B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-18 CA CA002392696A patent/CA2392696C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-18 JP JP2001540881A patent/JP4503903B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-18 DE DE60004703T patent/DE60004703T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-18 AU AU79309/00A patent/AU7930900A/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0139319A1 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006091162A1 (en) | 2005-02-28 | 2006-08-31 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Method and arrangement for reducing the radar cross section of integrated antennas |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP4503903B2 (en) | 2010-07-14 |
JP2003516010A (en) | 2003-05-07 |
EP1238441B1 (en) | 2003-08-20 |
CA2392696A1 (en) | 2001-05-31 |
AU7930900A (en) | 2001-06-04 |
DE60004703D1 (en) | 2003-09-25 |
WO2001039319A1 (en) | 2001-05-31 |
FR2801730B1 (en) | 2002-01-18 |
IL149780A0 (en) | 2002-11-10 |
DE60004703T2 (en) | 2004-06-09 |
CA2392696C (en) | 2009-06-02 |
IL149780A (en) | 2005-05-17 |
US6768466B1 (en) | 2004-07-27 |
FR2801730A1 (en) | 2001-06-01 |
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